2021高三统考外研英语一轮（经典版）学案：Book3　Module5　GreatPeopleandGreatInventionsofAncientChina

Book 3　Module 5　Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China

1．There have been many great inventions or things that changed the way we live.

有许多伟大的发明改变了我们的生活方式。

2．But it was also a time when many great inventions were produced in ancient China.

但那也是古代中国有着许多重大发明的时期。

3．Ancient China was a place where there were many great inventors and philosophers, whose influence endures.

古代中国拥有很多伟大的发明家和哲学家，他们的影响持续至今。

4．Papermaking ranks as one of the four great inventions in which the Chinese take everlasting pride.

造纸位列四大发明之一，也是一直以来中国人引以为傲的发明。

自主排查 夯基固本

Ⅰ　核心单词

(1)equal (adj.) 平等的→unequal (反义词) (adj.) 不平等的→equality (n.) 平等

(2)importance (n.) 重要；重要性→important (adj.) 重要的

(3)kindness (n.) 善良→kind (adj.) 善良的

(4)order (n.) 秩序 (vt.) 命令；订购

(5)position (n.) 职位；位置

(6)stress (vt.) 强调 (n.) 压力；重压；强调→stressful (adj.) 有压力的

(7)resign (vi.) 辞职

(8)adviser (n.) 顾问→advise (v.) 建议→advice (n.) 建议

(9)influential (adj.) 有影响的→influence (n.) 影响

(10)honesty (n.) 诚实→honest (adj.) 诚实的→honestly (adv.) 真诚地；公正地

(11)justice (n.) 公正；正义→just (adj.) 公正的；合理的

(12)contribution (n.) 贡献→contribute (v.) 贡献

(13)invent (vt.) 发明→invention (n.) 发明→inventor (n.) 发明家

(14)argument (n.) 争论；辩论；议论→argue (v.) 争论；辩论

(15)freedom (n.) 自由→free (adj.) 自由的；空闲的；免费的→freely (adv.) 自由地；坦率地

(16)condition (n.) 状况；条件；环境→conditional (adj.) 有条件的

Ⅱ　阅读单词

(1)philosopher (n.) 哲学家→philosophy (n.) 哲学

(2)teaching (n.) (常作复数)教导；学说

(3)thinker (n.) 思想家→think (v.) 思考

(4)principle (n.) 原则；准则

(5)bark (n.) 树皮

(6)leather (n.) 皮革

(7)monk (n.) 和尚

(8)soft (adj.) 柔软的→softly (adv.) 柔和地

(9)category (n.) 范畴；种类

(10)sutra (n.) (佛教的)经

(11)fuel (n.) 燃料

　[单句语法填空]

1.The money was divided  ________ (equal) among her four children.

答案：equally

2．This book is of such  ________ (important) that it must be published at any cost.

答案：importance

3．Dr Smith  ________ (stress) that he was opposed to bullying in school.

答案：stressed

4．Mr Li  ________ (resign) his position last month because of personal reasons.

答案：resigned

5．He was one of the most  ________ (influence) performers of modern jazz.

答案：influential

6．The secret of success is  ________ (honest) and fair dealing.

答案：honesty

7．He was awarded a prize for his  ________ (contribute) to world peace.

答案：contribution

8．Before bricks  ________ (invent), people built their houses with wood.

答案：were invented

9．It should of course be given back. There is no  ________ (argue) about that.

答案：argument

10．Susan's idea of  ________ (free) was to have variety in her lifestyle.

答案：freedom

1．­y结尾的名词集锦

①honesty诚实

②beauty 美丽

③discovery 发现

④equality 平等

⑤fantasy幻想

⑥destiny 命运

2．­al结尾的形容词小结

①influential 有影响的

②educational 教育的；有教育意义的

③formal 正式的

④additional 附加的

⑤official 官方的

⑥international 国际的

⑦industrial 工业化的

⑧personal 个人的；私人的

3．­or结尾的表示人的名词集锦

①inventor 发明者

②actor 演员

③creator 创造者

④conductor 售票员

⑤director 导演

⑥editor 编辑

1．be_at_war_with  与……交战

2．be_similar_to  与……相似

3．bring_up  养育；抚养

4．follow_one's_advice   听从某人的建议

5．in_some_ways   在某些方面；在某种程度上

6．become interested in   对……感兴趣

7．be proud of  为……自豪

8．in conclusion  总之

9．if so   如果这样的话

10．for the first time   第一次

　[选词填空]

bring up, be at war with, in conclusion, be similar to, be proud of, in some ways

1．Together they compare thoughts on ________ children and working.

答案：bringing up

2．My teaching methods are the same as his ________.

答案：in some ways

3．The social behavior of dogs ________ that of wolves.

答案：is similar to

4．How long do you think the two countries will ________ each other?

答案：be at war with

5．I am interested in the book and it is about the subject I like. ________， I'd like to take it.

答案：In conclusion

6．Peter ________ himself for not giving up.

答案：was/is proud of

1．“at＋名词”短语集锦

①at war在交战

②at ease舒适；无拘无束

③at hand 在身边；在附近

④at/in peace处于和平状态

⑤at rest 静止，不动；安息，长眠

⑥at school在上学

⑦at dinner/table 在吃饭

⑧at work在工作

2．“总结”家族

①in conclusion 总之

②bring ... to a conclusion 使……结束

③make a conclusion 下结论

④arrive at/reach/come to/draw a conclusion 得出结论

3．condition短语搭配小结

①be in (a)．.. condition在……状况下

②on condition (that)条件是……

③on no condition决不；在任何条件下都不

④out of condition状况很糟

答案：the students whose homework hasn't been handed in

直击重点 突破考点

１．equal　adj.平等的；相等的；胜任的　vt.等于；比得上　n．同等的人或物(P41)

(1)单句语法填空

①He showed his opinion that not all men were equal  ________  ability.

②In the report he stresses that the rich are equal  ________  the poor.

③He only wants freedom, justice and  ________ (equal)．

答案：①in　②with　③equality

(2)单句改错

①Diet and exercise are equal important.

_________________________________________________________________

②Yao Ming is a basketball player with equal in China.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：①equal→equally　②with→without

(3)单句写作

①The old man ________ not __________________________ the situation.

这个老人不能应付这种情况。

②In many respects Asian women see themselves as  ____________ their men.

在很多方面，亚洲女性都认为自己和丈夫是平等的。

答案：①was; equal to dealing with　②equal to

(1)be equal to (doing) sth. 等于/能应付/能胜任(做)某事

be equal in ... 在……方面相等

be equal with 与……平等

(2)equal sb./sth. in ... 在……方面与某人/某物相等

(3)be without equal/have no equal 无与伦比；首屈一指

(4)equally adv. 平等地；相等地

equality n. 平等；相等

２．order　n．秩序；次序；命令；订购；点菜　vt.命令；订购；点(饭菜)(P42)

(1)单句语法填空

①Do you wish to place an order  ________  some books with me now?

②He came to the conclusion that the machine was out  ________  order.

答案：①for　②of

(2)单句改错

The doctor ordered that she took a good rest.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：took→(should) take

(3)单句写作

①Let's number the letters of the alphabet, ________， from 1 to 26.

让我们按顺序从1到26给字母表的字母编号。

②Her doctor had ________________ for a week.

她的医生嘱咐她休息一个星期。

答案：①in order　②ordered her to rest

(1)in order 整齐，秩序井然；按顺序；妥当的；处于良好状态

keep order 维持秩序

out of order 发生故障；次序颠倒；混乱

place an order for sth. with sb. 向某人订购某物

(2)order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事

order＋that从句  命令……[从句谓语动词为“(should＋)动词原形”构成的虚拟语气形式]

特别提醒

order作名词用，表示“命令”时，相关的从句也要用虚拟语气。

３．stress　vt.强调；加压力于；使紧张　n．压力，重压；强调(P43)

(1)选词填空(stressed/stressful)

①Work out what situations or people make you feel ________  and avoid them.

②Most doctors and nurses live under ________  conditions.

答案：①stressed　②stressful

(2)单句语法填空

①He is ________  great stress because of his new job.

②Some young people live a hard life under the stress  ________  the modern life.

答案：①under　②of

(3)单句写作

①She ____________________ a balanced diet.

她强调了均衡饮食的重要性。

②Pugh ________ particular ____________ the need for discipline.

皮尤特别强调了纪律的必要性。

答案：①stressed the importance of　②laid; stress on

(1)stress the importance of 强调……的重要性

(2)under stress 在压力之下

under the stress of 在……压力下；为……所迫

lay/put/place stress on 强调；把重点放在……上

(3)stressed adj. 焦虑不安的；感到有压力的

stressful adj. 充满压力的；紧张的

１．bring up 养育；抚养；提出；呕吐(P43)

(1)单句语法填空

①Computers have brought  ________  many changes in the workplace.

②Your family can help bring you  ________  this difficult time.

答案：①about　②through

(2)单句写作

①He was ________________ by his grandparents.

他是由爷爷奶奶养育长大的。

②He ________________ in his car.

他用车把我送回家。

③We need to ________________ a lot more new business.

我们得吸引更多的新业务。

④A crisis ________________ the best in her.

危机使她表现出最好的一面。

答案：①brought up　②brought me back　③bring in　④brings out

bring about 引起；导致(事故、变化等)

bring back 带回；使回忆起(某事)

bring down 降低；使(飞机)降落

bring in 引入；赚得；挣得

bring out 显现出；使发挥

bring through 使渡过(难关)

２．in some ways 在某些方面；在某种程度上(P43)

(1)单句语法填空

①I was held up  ________  the way and so I was late.

②________  a way, I think we both won: I won the game but you won my respect.

答案：①on　②In

(2)单句改错

How can I get by while you stand on the way?

_________________________________________________________________

答案：on→in

(3)单句写作

①____________ important ________ they are very different from one another.

在某些重要方面，他们还是彼此不同的。

②I called out, “________________， what's your name？”

我大声喊：“顺便问一下，你叫什么名字？”

③I find it easier to work ________________.

我觉得这样做容易一些。

答案：①In some; ways　②By the way　③in this way

on the way 在途中

by the way 顺便说一下；顺便问一下

in this/that way 通过这种/那种方法

in a/one way 在某种意义上

in the way 妨碍；挡道

１．[教材原句]But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.

但那也是一个哲学家云集的时期。(P43)

(1)单句语法填空

①We all remember the time  ________  we lived in the countryside.

②The reason  ________  he didn't come was unknown.

③Many countries are now setting up national parks ________ animals and plants can be protected.

答案：①when　②why　③where

(2)单句改错

①The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those which lives were affected.

_________________________________________________________________

②Do you know the reason that she got so angry yesterday?

_________________________________________________________________

答案：①which→whose　②that→why

(1)关系代词引导的定语从句

①关系代词who, whom, that指代先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语或宾语。

②whose用来指人或物，在从句中作定语，有时可以与of which, of whom互换使用。

③which, that指代先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中作主语或宾语。

④as引导限制性定语从句，可指代人或物，在从句中作主语、表语或宾语，常用于the same ... as, such ... as固定结构中。

as引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容，从句可置于句首、句中或句末。

(2)关系副词引导的定语从句

①关系副词when, where, why 的含义相当于“介词＋which”结构，可互换。

②判断用关系副词还是关系代词主要取决于关系词在从句中作何成分，若作主语、宾语、表语、定语，则用关系代词；如果在从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语则用关系副词。

(3)“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句

①当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能是which或whom且不可省略。

②固定搭配的动词短语，如：listen to, look at, pay attention to, take care of等，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。

２．[教材原句]Cars were first used at the end of the nineteenth century, and were no faster than a horse.

人们最早使用汽车是在19世纪末，而且当时的汽车跑得并不比马快。(P48)

(1)选词填空(no more than/not more than)

①Each box requires ______________ a few hours of labor to build.

②He was a kid really,  ______________ eighteen or nineteen.

答案：①no more than　②not more than

(2)单句改错

The more powerful the car, more difficult it is to handle.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：第二个more前加the

(3)单句写作

①This book is __________________ than that one.

这本书和那本书一样没意思。

②The guide contains details of __________ 15 hiking routes.

这个导游指南包含多达15条徒步旅行路线的详细介绍。

③The mother continued to care for the young panda for ____________ two years.

这位熊猫妈妈坚持照顾小熊猫两年多了。

④The boy was ________ frightened ________ hurt.

这个男孩与其说受伤不如说是害怕。

⑤The question is not ________________ than that one.

这个问题不如那个难。

答案：①no more interesting　②no less than　③more than

④more; than　⑤more difficult

(1)no＋比较级＋than表示“前者和后者一样不”

(2)no more than 仅仅；只不过

no less than 多达；不亚于

more ... than ... 与其说……倒不如说……

not more than 不超过；至多

not more ... than ... 没有……那样……

more than 多于；超过；不仅仅；非常，很；超出

(3)the more ..., the more ... 越……，就越……

课文回练 升华运用

There were many great philosophers in ancient China, __1__ states were often at war with each other.

Confucius, born in 551 BC and died in 479 BC, was the greatest philosopher. He stressed the __2__ (important)  of kindness, duty and order in society. Chinese society __3__ (affect) by these ideas for over 2,000 years.

Mencius, born in 372 BC, was a student of Confucius's ideas. So, his teachings were similar to __4__ of Confucius. He believed that man was born good and that people were more important __5__ rulers. He wrote a book in his last years __6__ (name) The Book of Mencius.

Mozi, who was born in 476 BC and died in 390 BC, was also an __7__ (influence) philosopher. In some ways, his ideas were similar to those of Confucius. As a result, he spent many years __8__ (find) a state where people would follow his teachings. Mozi believed that all men should be treated __9__ (equal). His idea of love __10__ (different)  from the Confucian idea of kindness. Mozi founded the philosophy called Mohism.

1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　

6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________

答案：1.where　2.importance　3.was affected　4.those

5．than　6.named　7.influential　8.finding　9.equally　10.differed