2021高三统考外研英语一轮（经典版）学案：Book3　Module2　DevelopingandDevelopedCountries

Book 3　Module 2　Developing and  Developed Countries

1．A developing country is a country with a less developed industrial base while a developed country owns highly－developed industry.

发展中国家是指工业基础不发达的国家，而一个发达国家则拥有高度发达的工业。

2．It is impossible for developing countries to shoulder common responsibility for the problems caused_by developed countries.

对发展中国家来说，为发达国家带来的问题承担共同的责任是不可能的。

3．Developing countries are striving to reach levels of income, health, education and living standards enjoyed_by_people in advanced economies.

发展中国家正在努力达到发达经济体人民享有的收入、健康、教育和生活水平。

4．The primary factor used_to_distinguish developed countries from developing countries is GDP per capita.

用以区分发达国家与发展中国家的首要因素是人均GDP产值。

自主排查 夯基固本

Ⅰ　核心单词

(1)hunger (n.) 饥饿→hungry (adj.) 饥饿的

(2)income (n.) 收入

(3)poverty (n.) 贫穷→poor (adj.) 贫穷的

(4)development (n.) 发展→develop (v.) 发展→developing (adj.) 发展中的→developed (adj.) 发达的

(5)measure (vt.) 测定；测量；评估

(6)position (n.) 位置

(7)educate (vt.) 教育；培养；训练→education (n.) 教育→educated (adj.) 受过教育的；有教养的

(8)figure (n.) 数字；人物；图形；体形；画像 (vi.) 计算；出现

(9)homeless (adj.) 无家可归的

(10)crowded (adj.) 拥挤的→crowd (n.) 人群；群众

(11)similarity (n.) 类似；相似→similar (adj.) 相似的→similarly (adv.) 相似地

(12)unfortunate (adj.) 不幸的；遗憾的→unfortunately (adv.) 不幸地→fortune (n.) 运气；财富→fortunately (adv.) 幸运地

(13)location (n.) 位置；所在地→locate (vt.) 找到……的位置；位于→located (adj.) 坐落的；位于

(14)industrial (adj.) 工业的→industry (n.) 工业

(15)polluted (adj.) 受到污染的→pollute (vt.) 污染→pollution (n.) 污染

(16)entertain (vt.) 使娱乐；款待→entertainment (n.) 娱乐

(17)exchange (n.& v．) 交换；交易

Ⅱ　阅读单词

(1)human  (n.) (与动物等对比的)人

(2)index (n.) 指数

(3)goal (n.) 目标

(4)expectancy (n.) 预期数额→expect (v.) 期望；预料→expectation (n.) 预期，期待

(5)household (n.) 一家人；家庭

(6)charity (n.) 慈善团体

(7)freeway (n.) 高速公路

(8)inhabitant (n.) 居民

(9)tourism (n.) 旅游业→tour (n.) 旅游，旅行；巡回演出→tourist (n.) 旅游者；游客

(10)transport (n.) 交通工具

(11)smart (adj.) 漂亮的；整洁的；时髦的

(12)vast (adj.) 巨大的；庞大的；浩瀚的

　[单句语法填空]

1.His whole life is a fight against  ________ (poor) and unemployment.

答案：poverty

2．Education is central to a country's economic  ________ (develop)．

答案：development

3．He  ________ (educate) at a very good school when he was young.

答案：was educated

4．The old town square was  ________ (crowd) with people.

答案：crowded

5．There are some obvious  ________ (similar) between mother and son.

答案：similarities

6．The property is set in a convenient ________ (locate)．

答案：location

7．I called on you yesterday, but  ________ (unfortunate) you were out.

答案：unfortunately

8．Shanghai is the most important  ________ (industry) base of China.

答案：industrial

9．The police have warned them not to swim in the  ________ (pollute) river.

答案：polluted

10．School brass band will provide music for  __________ (entertain)．

答案：entertainment

1．­y结尾的名词集锦

①poverty贫穷  ②similarity类似；相似

③activity活动  ④beauty美丽，美好

⑤certainty 确定的事  ⑥discovery发现

⑦safety安全

2．­less结尾的形容词小结

①homeless 无家的， 无家可归的

②blameless 无可指责的

③fearless 大胆的， 勇敢的

④jobless 失业的，无业的

⑤restless 不平静的， 不安宁的

⑥tireless 不知疲倦的

⑦worthless 无价值的，无用的

3．交通词汇集锦

①freeway/highway高速公路

②rush hour交通高峰期

③traffic交通  ④traffic jam交通堵塞

⑤traffic lights红绿灯  ⑥traffic sign交通标志

⑦transport运输；交通

1．at_the_top_of  在……顶端

2．at_the_bottom_of  在……底部

3．make_sure  确保；确定

4．up_to  达到；直到；到……为止

5．increase by ...   增加了……

6．make progress  取得进步

7．make efforts   努力

8．in particular  尤其

9．be connected with   与……有联系；与……有关

10．be close to  接近；靠近

　[选词填空]

increase by, make great progress, up to, in particular, make efforts, close to

1．Is there anything ________ you'd like for dinner?

答案：in particular

2．Two­thirds of Americans spend ________ seven hours a day using computers or other digital products.

答案：up to

3．While ________ great ________ to run away, she fell over the hill and died.

答案：making; efforts

4．I enjoyed sitting ________ the windows and looking at the view.

答案：close to

5．Food prices ________ 10% in less than a year.

答案：increased by

6．We have ________， but there is still a long way to go.

答案：made great progress

1．“确信”短语集锦

①make sure 确保；弄清楚

②make sure of ... 弄清楚；确信

③make sure (that) ... 确信……

④be sure of/about 对……有把握；确信(主语为人，主语感到“确信”)

⑤be sure to do 一定；必然会(主语为人或物，说话人推测“一定，必然会”)

2．“努力”家族

①make an effort/efforts to do sth.尽一切努力做某事

②try/do one's best to do sth.尽最大努力做某事

③spare no effort to do sth.不遗余力地做某事

④do all that sb. can to do sth.尽力做某事

⑤do what sb. can to do sth.尽力做某事

答案：with green grass and red flowers on both sides

直击重点 突破考点

１．measure　vt.测量；计量；评估；(尺寸、长短、数量等)量度为　n．尺寸；措施；办法(P12)

(1)单句语法填空

①The shirt that he made ________  my own measure fits me well.

②It is urgent that government and experts take measures  ________ (solve) these problems.

答案：①to　②to solve

(2)单句改错

In England and America distance is measured in miles, not with kilometres.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：with→in

(3)单句写作

①Education shouldn't ____________ purely ________ examination results.

教育不应该纯粹用考试成绩来衡量。

②We must ________ preventive __________________ crime in the area.

我们必须采取预防措施来减少这个地区的犯罪。

答案：①be measured; by　②take; measures to reduce

(1)make sth. to one's measure 照某人的尺寸做……

take measures to do sth.＝take steps/action to do sth. 采取措施/行动做某事

(2)be measured by ... 用……来衡量

be measured in ...  以……来测量

特别提醒

(1)measure表示“措施”之意时，常用其复数形式measures。

(2)measure表示“量度为；有……长(宽、高等)”时，是连系动词，后跟量的结果，不用于被动语态及进行时；作定语时要用其现在分词。

２．position　n．位置；职位；状况，形势(P12)

(1)单句语法填空

①He was  ________  a difficult position and didn't know what to do.

②His sister holds  ________  important position in a bank.

答案：①in　②an

(2)单句改错

All parking signs have now been placed in the position.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：去掉the

(3)单句写作

①Bill __________________________ as factory director in October.

10月份比尔新上任当了厂长。

②Everything in the office was   __________________.

办公室的所有东西都被动过了。

答案：①took up his new position　②out of position

in a ... position处于……的地位/处境

in/out of position在/不在适当的位置

take up a/one's position占据位置；任职

hold a ... position 担任……职务

３．similarity　n．类似；相似(P16)

(1)单句语法填空

①Although there are some ________ (similarity) between the two cities, there are a lot of differences too.

②I have similar taste to my wife  ________  music.

答案：①similarities　②in

(2)单句改错

①Similar, many foreign banks also have branches in the United States.

_________________________________________________________________

②This is similar in waiting for a bus that never turns up.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：①Similar→Similarly　②in→to

(1)similar adj.相似的，类似的

be similar to ... in ... 和……在……方面类似

(2)similarly adv.同样地，类似地

１．up to 达到；直到；到……为止(P12)

(1)单句语法填空

①It's up to you  ________ (decide) where we will go for our holiday.

②He's not really up to ________ (see) any visitors.

答案：①to decide　②seeing

(2)单句改错

It's up you. Watching TV at home or going to the cinema is fine with me.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：up后加to

(3)单句写作

______________ what kind of life you will lead in the future.

将来过怎样的生活取决于你。

答案：It's up to you

(1)be up to doing ... 能够/愿意做；胜任……(用于疑问句和否定句)

(2)It is up to sb. to do sth. 应由某人做某事；由某人决定做某事

(3)It's up to you. 由你做主。/取决于你。

２．make efforts努力(P12)

(1)单句语法填空

①He is making an effort  ________ (catch) up with others in study.

②He was so strong that he lifted the big rock  ________  effort.

答案：①to catch　②without

(2)单句改错

①Things within your duty should be done in effort.

_________________________________________________________________

②In future work, we will continue to make every effort provide you with good services.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：①in→with　②provide前加to

(3)单句写作

①The local clubs are ________________________ more young people.

地方俱乐部正在尽一切努力来引起更多年轻人的兴趣。

②Parents arrange everything for their children and ____________ to  pave the way for their success.

父母为他们的孩子安排一切，并不遗余力地为他们的成功铺路。

③The company has laid off 150 workers ____________________ money.

公司为节省资金解雇了150名工人。

答案：①making every effort to interest　②spare no effort

③in an effort to save

make ＋to do sth. 尽一切努力做某事

spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力做某事

without effort 不费力地；容易地

in an effort to do sth. 为做成某事而努力

with (great) effort 努力地；艰难地

１．[教材原句]Norway is at the top of the list, while the US is at number 7.

挪威高居榜首，而美国名列第七。(P12)

(1)单句语法填空

①My mother is busy cooking  ________ my father is watching TV after work.

②________  I was watching TV, the bell rang.

答案：①while　②While

(2)单句改错

①It was raining hard while we arrived.

_________________________________________________________________

②While I admit his good points, but I can see his shortcomings.

_________________________________________________________________

答案：①while→when　②去掉but

(3)单句写作

①I was never very neat, ________________ Kate was extremely organized.

我从来不是一个很爱整洁的人，而我的室友凯特却极有条理。

②I hurt my leg ____________ football.

我踢足球时把腿弄伤了。

答案：①while my roommate　②while playing

(1)while意为“而，却”，为并列连词，表对比，具有轻微转折的含义。

(2)while意为“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句时，从句中的动词是延续性动词；而when引导时间状语从句时，从句中的动词可以是延续性的，也可以是短暂性的。

(3)while意为“虽然，尽管”，作为从属连词引导让步状语从句。

２．[教材原句]It's an agreement between towns or cities of similar size and age, and which have similar features such as tourism, industry, culture and entertainment.

它是那些规模和年代相似的城镇或城市之间的一种协议，这些城镇或城市间有相似的特征，譬如，旅游业、工业、文化和娱乐。(P19)

(1)单句语法填空

①The two brothers are  ________  the same height and about the same weight.

②This question is  ________  great importance to us all.

答案：①of　②of

(2)一句多译

The two rooms are __________________.

＝The two rooms are ________________.

这两个房间大小一样。

答案：the same in size; of the same size

(3)单句写作

①The coin _______________________ and worth collecting.

这枚硬币质量很好，值得收藏。

②Will that ______________ to you?

那对你有用吗？

答案：①is of high quality　②be of use/useful

(1)be of＋抽象名词＝be＋该抽象名词对应的形容词

be of great/much ＝be very

(2)be of＋表示年龄(age)、大小(size)、颜色(colour)、重量(weight)、高度(height)、价格(price)、意见(opinion)、形状(shape)、种类(kind)和方法(way)等的名词，表示“具有……”，说明主语的特征，在句中可作表语或定语。

特别提醒

(1)“of＋抽象名词”结构中，抽象名词前可用any, some, little, no, not much, great等词修饰，用以说明其程度；“of＋名词(表示度量、大小、颜色、类别等)”结构中，名词前常用a(n), the same, this, that, all, different 等词修饰。

(2)of an age＝of the same age “年龄/岁数相同”； of age “成年”。

课文回练 升华运用

One of the most important sections of the Human Development Report __1__ (be) the Human Development Index, __2__ measures a country's achievements in three ways: life expectancy, __3__ (educate) and income. The UK is in __4__ thirteenth position, __5__ China is in the middle of the list.

This report gives examples of __6__ (success) development. For example, in the last ten years in China,150 million people moved out of __7__ (poor). However, the __8__ (challenge) are still great. Although most of the children in developing countries go to primary school, about 115 million children are not being educated. The report shows that we __9__ (make) some progress but that we need __10__ (make) greater efforts.

1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________

5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________

9．________　10.________

答案：1.is　2.which　3.education　4.the　5.while　6.successful　7.poverty　8.challenges　9.are making　10.to make