初中英语鲁教版（五四学制）（2024）八年级上册（2024）Over to you课后练习题

这是一份初中英语鲁教版（五四学制）（2024）八年级上册（2024）Over to you课后练习题，文件包含unit1单元测试卷-教师版docx、unit1单元测试卷-学生版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共16页， 欢迎下载使用。
一、学习目标
1. 能正确写出 spend, save, manage, run, use, hld 等核心动词在语境中的适当形式（动名词、第三人称单数、过去式、不定式），课堂检测正确率达80%以上
2. 能区分并正确使用 run ut f 与 use up 完成句子，并能说出 run ut（物作主语）与 run ut f（人作主语）的区别
3. 能理解并运用 pen a savings accunt, a large sum f mney, make a plan, have truble (ding) 等至少8个理财话题短语完成句子
4. 能在语篇填空任务中根据上下文选择目标词汇并正确变形，10个空至少填对8个
二、重点
• 核心动词的词形变化：save→saving, manage→managing, run→runs, use→used, spend→spending
• 固定结构 have truble (in) ding sth. 与 t + adj. + t d sth.
• 动词短语 run ut f 与 use up 的意义、用法及主语搭配
• 理财话题短语：pen a savings accunt, a large sum f mney, make a plan, lucky mney, a new pair f trainers
• 目标词汇在语篇中的综合运用（词义+词形双重判断）
三、难点
• 介词及固定结构后动名词的使用（abut ding, have truble ding）
• run ut f 与 use up 的主语搭配，以及 run ut（物作主语，无 f）的区别
• 在语篇中同时判断词义和词形（时态、第三人称单数、非谓语形式）
字词与词汇
语法与句型
规则：动词-ing形式（动名词）兼有动词和名词的特征，可以作介词宾语、并列成分或句子主语；have truble (in) ding sth. 表示“做某事有困难”；t + adj. + t d sth. 中 t 后接动词原形，表示“太……而不能……”。
结构：① 介词 + ding（abut spending and saving） ② have truble (in) ding sth. ③ t + adj. + t d sth. ④ 动名词短语 + 谓语（单数）
• Minghui and Jane are talking abut spending and saving.（介词 abut 后接动名词，and 连接两个并列动名词）
• Jane has truble managing her mney.（have truble 后接动名词，in 可省略）
• Minghui's piggy bank is t small t hld all his mney.（ 后接动词原形）
• Learning hw t save mney is helpful.（动名词短语作主语，谓语用单数）
学习支架
核心词汇表（2a-2c）
run ut f / use up / run ut 辨析
四、知识要点
1. 动词-ing形式（动名词）的运用
介词后面的动词要用动名词形式：talking abut spending and saving（abut 是介词，spending 和 saving 并列作其宾语）。固定结构 have truble (in) ding sth. 表示“做某事有困难”：Jane has truble managing her mney. 同类结构还有 have prblems/difficulty (in) ding sth.
动名词还可以作主语，谓语动词用单数：Learning hw t save mney is helpful.
变形规则：以不发音 e 结尾的动词去 e 加 -ing（save→saving, manage→managing）；重读闭音节结尾双写尾字母（run→running）；一般动词直接加 -ing（spend→spending, hld→hlding）。
2. run ut f 与 use up 辨析
run ut f 与 use up 都表示“用完、耗尽”，人作主语时两者可以互换：Jane ften runs ut f mney. = Jane ften uses up her mney.
关键区别在物作主语时：run ut 是不及物短语，后面不能接宾语，物直接作主语——My mney runs ut.（我的钱用完了。）use up 是及物短语，物作主语时必须用被动——My mney is used up.
记忆口诀：“人用完，f 跟上；物用完，f 让位。”
3. 动词的时态、主谓一致与非谓语形式
一般现在时中，主语是第三人称单数，动词加 -s/-es，句中常有 ften 等频率词提示：Jane ften runs ut f mney.
一般过去时中动词用过去式，并列谓语时态要保持一致：Jane used up her pcket mney and became pr again.（used 与 became 并列，都是过去式）
t + adj. + t d sth. 结构中 t 后接动词原形：The piggy bank is t small t hld all his mney.
help sb. (t) d sth. 中动词用原形或带 t 不定式：My father helped me (t) pen a savings accunt.
4. 理财话题核心短语
本课 2b 出现的核心短语：want t buy 想要买；have truble (ding) 做……有困难；pen a savings accunt 开立储蓄账户；a large sum f mney 一大笔钱；managing mney 理财；get my “lucky mney” 得到压岁钱；a new pair f trainers 一双新运动鞋；use up 用完。2c 方框短语：pen an accunt 开户；spend and save 支出与储蓄；grw（钱）增长；t buy 去买；like t 喜欢做；make a plan 制订计划；wrk fr us 为我们效劳；want t spend 想要花。注意搭配习惯：英语“开账户”用 pen an accunt，不用 make；“一大笔钱”用 a large sum f mney，sum 不与 big 搭配。
5. 语篇中的词汇综合运用（2c）
语篇填空需要“词义+词形”双重判断：先根据上下文确定空格需要什么意义的词，再根据句子结构确定形式。以 2c 为例：Peple spend and save mney in different ways.（主语 Peple 是复数，谓语用原形）；Sme use up their savings t buy what they lve.（不定式 t buy 表目的）；They'll like t put their mney in a bank s that it can grw.（情态动词 can 后接原形 grw）；we need t learn hw t make a plan t make ur mney wrk fr us.（hw t 后接原形；make sth. d 中 wrk 用原形）。做完后必须复读全文，检查语意通顺、形式正确。
五、典型例题
【例1】
用括号内所给词的适当形式填空：Jane has truble (manage) ______ her mney.
【解答】答案：managing。解析：have truble (in) ding sth. 是固定结构，表示“做某事有困难”，其中 in 可以省略，但动词必须用 -ing 形式。句意：简在管理自己的钱方面有困难。
【点拨】记住三个“麻烦”搭配：have truble / prblems / difficulty (in) ding sth.，后面都接动名词，不接不定式。
【例2】
选词填空（run ut f / use up / run ut）：① Dn't wrry abut the pen. I have ______ all its ink.
② Her mney ______ quickly because she bught t many snacks.
【解答】① run ut f / used up。主语 I 是人，两个及物短语都可以用，注意与 have 搭配用过去分词。② ran ut。主语 Her mney 是物，只能用不及物的 run ut（不能加 f）；若用 use up 则必须说 was used up。句意：①这支笔别担心，我已经把它的墨水用完了。②她的钱很快就花光了，因为她买了太多零食。
【点拨】先看主语是人还是物：人作主语用 run ut f / use up；物作主语用 run ut（无 f）或 be used up。
【例3】
根据 2c 短文语境填空：As middle schl students, we need t learn hw t ______ (make a plan) t make ur mney ______ (wrk fr us).
【解答】答案：make a plan；wrk fr us。解析：第一空 hw t d sth. 中 t 是不定式符号，后接动词原形；第二空 make sb./sth. d sth.（使某人/某物做某事）中 make 后接不带 t 的不定式，也用动词原形。句意：作为中学生，我们需要学会制订计划，让钱为我们工作。
【点拨】见到 hw t / want t / make... 等结构，先判断 t 是不定式符号还是介词，再决定动词用原形还是 -ing 形式。
同 步 练 习
语篇词汇填空五步法（2c）
1. 通读全文，理解大意
2. 逐空判断所需词义和词性
3. 从方框中选择合适的词
4. 确定正确形式（原形 / -ing / 三单 / 过去式 / 不定式）
5. 复读全文，检查答案
★ 基础巩固
1. Minghui and Jane are talking with their friends abut spending and ______.
A. save B. saving
C. saves D. t save
2. Jane has truble ______ her mney.
A. manage B. manages
C. managing D. t manage
3. Tm never makes a plan, s he ften ______ his pcket mney befre the end f the mnth.
A. run ut f
B. runs ut f
C. runs ut
D. is running ut f
4. Jane ______ up her pcket mney n snacks and became pr again.
A. uses B. use
C. used D. using
5. Minghui's piggy bank is t small ______ all his mney.
A. hld B. hlds
C. t hld D. hlding
6. My father helped me pen a savings a______ in the bank t keep my lucky mney safe.
7. Grandma gave me a large s______ f mney as a Spring Festival gift this year.
8. It is helpful fr us t learn hw t save mney.（改为同义句，句首用 Learning）
______ ______ hw t save mney is helpful fr us.
★★ 能力提升
9. —What will yu d with yur lucky mney?
—I want t ______ a savings accunt and put it in the bank.
A. pen B. clse
C. hld D. make
10. If yu put yur mney in the bank and make a gd plan, it can ______ slwly.
A. use up B. run ut
C. grw D. spend
11. Which f the fllwing sentences is CORRECT?
A. Jane ften runs ut her mney.
B. My mney runs ut f quickly.
C. I used up my pcket mney yesterday.
D. Minghui has truble t manage his mney.
12. —I want t buy a new pair f trainers, but I dn't have enugh mney.
—Why nt ______? Then yu can save enugh mney in tw mnths.
A. use up yur mney
B. make a plan
C. run ut f mney
D. clse yur savings accunt
13. 阅读下面短文，从每小题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案。Wang Lin is a middle schl student in Grade 8. He gets 100 yuan pcket mney frm his parents every mnth. In the past, he had truble managing his mney. He ften used up all his mney in the first tw weeks. Then he ran ut f mney and had t ask his parents fr mre.
One day, his teacher tld the class abut Jane and Minghui's stries. Wang Lin learned that learning hw t save mney is helpful. He decided t make a change.
First, he made a plan fr his pcket mney at the beginning f the mnth. He wrte dwn three things: items, spending and saving. He planned t spend 40 yuan n breakfast, 20 yuan n ntebks and refills, and 10 yuan n bus cards. Then he put the rest — 30 yuan — int his savings accunt. His father pened the accunt fr him last year.
“My piggy bank was t small t hld all my mney, but the bank accunt can,” Wang Lin says with a smile. “The mney in the bank can grw slwly. I want t save up t buy a new pair f trainers. They cst 240 yuan, s I need t save fr eight mnths.”
Nw Wang Lin never runs ut f mney. He feels prud because he can manage his mney well. “Making a plan makes my mney wrk fr me,” he says.
1. Hw much pcket mney des Wang Lin get every mnth?
A. 40 yuan. B. 70 yuan. C. 100 yuan. D. 240 yuan.
2. What was Wang Lin's prblem in the past?
A. He had n pcket mney. B. He had truble managing his mney. C. His piggy bank was brken. D. He lst his savings accunt.
3. The underlined wrd “grw” in Paragraph 4 prbably means “______”.
A. 花费 B. 增长 C. 消失 D. 借用
4. Hw lng des Wang Lin need t save fr the trainers?
A. Tw mnths. B. Fur mnths. C. Six mnths. D. Eight mnths.
5. What is the best title fr the passage?
A. A Big Piggy Bank B. Hw t Spend Mney Quickly C. A By's Mney Plan D. Lucky Mney
14. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空，完成短文。Liu Mei gets 100 yuan pcket mney every mnth. In the past, she ften (1)______ (run) ut f mney befre the end f the mnth and had truble (2)______ (manage) it. Her piggy bank was t small (3)______ (hld) her lucky mney, and she sn (4)______ (use) up all f it.
Last term, her father helped her (5)______ (pen) a savings accunt in the bank. Nw she makes a plan at the (6)______ (begin) f every mnth: she spends 40 yuan n bks and breakfast, and saves the rest.
“(7)______ (learn) hw t save mney is really (8)______ (help),” Liu Mei says. “My mney can (9)______ (grw) in the bank. I am saving up (10)______ (buy) a new pair f trainers.”
15. 假设你是李华，请根据以下提示，用英语写一篇 60-80 词的短文，介绍你管理零花钱的方法。提示：1. 你每月从父母那里得到多少零花钱；2. 过去你在使用零花钱时遇到的问题（用 run ut f / use up / have truble 等）；3. 现在你如何改进（用 make a plan / savings accunt / save up fr 等）。
★★★ 拓展延伸
T Spend r t Save?
16. 阅读下面短文，完成 1-3 小题。What can we infer frm Li Ha's wrds “I became ‘pr’ vernight, but I was happy”?
A. He regretted buying the trainers.
B. He thught the trainers were wrth the mney.
C. He wanted t save mney later.
D. He brrwed mney frm thers.
17. （根据上面的短文）Hw des the writer develp the passage?
A. By telling ne lng stry in rder f time.
B. By cmparing tw different ways f using mney.
C. By listing numbers and ding maths.
D. By asking and answering questins nly.
18. （根据上面的短文）What wuld Ms Wang mst prbably agree with?
A. Students shuld never spend mney n what they lve.
B. Saving is always better than spending.
C. Students shuld make a plan befre using mney.
D. Lucky mney shuld nt be put in the bank.
参 考 答 案
第1题：B
【解析】介词 abut 后接动名词；and 连接并列成分，所填词应与 spending 形式一致，故填 saving。
第2题：C
【解析】have truble (in) ding sth. 是固定结构，in 可省略，动词必须用 -ing 形式，故填 managing。
第3题：B
【解析】ften 提示一般现在时；主语 he 是第三人称单数，动词加 -s；run ut f 后接宾语 mney，故选 B。C 项 run ut 是不及物短语，后面不能接宾语。
第4题：C
【解析】and 连接两个并列谓语，后面 became 是过去式，前面也要用过去式 used，时态保持一致。
第5题：C
【解析】t + adj. + t d sth. 表示“太……而不能做某事”，t 后接动词原形，故选 C。
第6题：accunt
【解析】pen a savings accunt 开立储蓄账户，是固定搭配。
第7题：sum
【解析】a large sum f mney 一大笔钱，sum 与 large/small 搭配，不与 big 搭配。
第8题：Learning hw t save mney is helpful fr us.（填空处：Learning hw）
【解析】用动名词短语 Learning hw t save mney 作主语，替换“It is + adj. + fr sb. t d”句型中 it 作形式主语的表达，两种句型意思相同。
第9题：A
【解析】pen a savings accunt 开立储蓄账户，是固定搭配；make 不能与 accunt 搭配，clse（注销）和 hld（持有）与语境“把钱存进银行”不符。
第10题：C
【解析】教材 2c 原句：put their mney in a bank s that it can grw（钱存进银行就能慢慢增长）。use up 和 run ut 表示“用完”，与语境相反；spend 的主语通常是人。
第11题：C
【解析】A 项 run ut 是不及物短语，接宾语必须加 f；B 项主语 mney 是物，run ut 后不能再加 f；D 项 have truble 后应接 managing，不接不定式；C 项 yesterday 提示过去时，used up 使用正确。
第12题：B
【解析】根据答语后半句“这样两个月就能攒够钱”可知，建议是“制订计划（make a plan）”；A、C 表示把钱花光，D 表示注销账户，都与攒钱矛盾。
第13题：1. C 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. C
【解析】1. 细节题。由第一段第二句“He gets 100 yuan pcket mney frm his parents every mnth.”可知选 C。2. 细节题。由第一段“In the past, he had truble managing his mney.”可知选 B。3. 词义猜测题。钱存进银行会“慢慢增长”，且与教材 2c 中 grw 的用法一致，故选 B。4. 细节题。由第四段“s I need t save fr eight mnths”可知选 D。5. 主旨题。全文讲王林如何从乱花钱到学会制订零花钱计划，最佳标题为 C。
第14题：1. ran 2. managing 3. t hld 4. used 5. (t) pen 6. beginning 7. Learning 8. helpful 9. grw 10. t buy
【解析】1. In the past 提示过去时，run 的过去式是 ran。2. have truble (in) ding sth.，填 managing。3. t + adj. + t d 结构，填 t hld。4. 与上文过去时一致，use 的过去式是 used。5. help sb. (t) d sth.，填 (t) pen。6. at the beginning f 在……开始时，begin 变为名词 beginning。7. 动名词作主语，句首大写 Learning。8. 系动词 is 后接形容词作表语，help 变为 helpful。9. 情态动词 can 后接动词原形 grw。10. 不定式表目的，“攒钱是为了买运动鞋”，填 t buy。
第15题：参考范文：I get 100 yuan pcket mney frm my parents every mnth. In the past, I had truble managing it. I ften used up all my mney n snacks and ran ut f mney befre the end f the mnth.
Nw I make a plan at the beginning f each mnth. I spend 50 yuan n bks and breakfast, and I put the rest int my savings accunt. I am saving up fr a new basketball.
Learning hw t save mney is really helpful. A gd plan makes my mney wrk fr me.（约75词）
【解析】评分要点：①覆盖三个提示要点（金额来源、过去的问题、现在的改进）；②至少正确使用 2-3 个目标短语；③时态恰当——过去的问题用一般过去时，现在的做法用一般现在时；④语句连贯，词数 60-80。
第16题：B
【解析】推断题。but 表转折：“虽然一夜之间变‘穷’了，但很开心”，说明李浩认为这双运动鞋值得他花光积蓄，故选 B。A 项与 happy 矛盾；C、D 在文中无依据。
第17题：B
【解析】文章结构分析题。第一段提出问题（spend r save），第二、三段分别用李浩（spend）和赵倩（save）两个例子对比两种不同的用钱方式，第四段用老师的话总结，是典型的“对比”结构。
第18题：C
【解析】观点推断题。由最后一段“students shuld first learn t make a plan”和“A gd plan helps mney wrk fr yu”可知，王老师最可能赞同 C。A、B 说法过于绝对，且与“bth ways are all right”矛盾；D 与文意相反。单词
读音
词性
释义
例句
spend
/spend/
v.
花费（金钱或时间）
Minghui and Jane are talking abut spending and saving.
save
/seɪv/
v.
储蓄；节省
Learning hw t save mney is helpful.
manage
/ˈmænɪdʒ/
v.
管理；经营
Jane has truble managing her mney.
run ut f
/rʌn aʊt əv/
phr. v.
用完；耗尽（人作主语）
Jane ften runs ut f mney at the end f the term.
use up
/juːz ʌp/
phr. v.
用完；用光
Jane used up her pcket mney and became pr again.
hld
/həʊld/
v.
容纳；装得下
Minghui's piggy bank is t small t hld all his mney.
helpful
/ˈhelpfl/
adj.
有帮助的
Learning hw t save mney is helpful.
accunt
/əˈkaʊnt/
n.
账户
My father helped me pen a savings accunt in the bank.
sum
/sʌm/
n.
金额；一笔（钱）
I gt a large sum f mney as lucky mney.
grw
/ɡrəʊ/
v.
增长；生长
They put their mney in a bank s that it can grw.
错误
正确
Jane has truble t manage her mney.
Jane has truble managing her mney.
错误
正确
They are talking abut spend and save.
They are talking abut spending and saving.
错误
正确
The piggy bank is t small hlding all his mney.
The piggy bank is t small t hld all his mney.
单词/短语
音标
词性
词义
教材例句
save
/seɪv/
v.
储蓄；节省
talking abut spending and saving
manage
/ˈmænɪdʒ/
v.
管理；经营
has truble managing her mney
run ut f
/rʌn aʊt əv/
phr. v.
用完；耗尽
runs ut f mney at the end f the term
use up
/juːz ʌp/
phr. v.
用完；用光
used up her pcket mney
hld
/həʊld/
v.
容纳；装得下
t small t hld all his mney
helpful
/ˈhelpfl/
adj.
有帮助的
Learning hw t save mney is helpful
人作主语
物作主语
I run ut f mney. = I use up my mney.
（人 + run ut f / use up + 物，两个短语都是及物的）
My mney runs ut. = My mney is used up.
（物 + run ut，后面无 f；use up 需用被动 be used up）
拓展阅读（改编自本单元话题）
Shuld middle schl students spend their mney r save it? Different students have different answers.
Sme students spend their mney n the things they lve. Li Ha, 14, used up all his savings t buy a new pair f trainers. “I became ‘pr’ vernight, but I was happy,” he says.
Others spend their mney nly n the things they need. Zha Qian, 13, puts mst f her lucky mney in the bank. “The mney can grw there. When I really need it, it will help me,” she says.
Teachers say bth ways are all right, but students shuld first learn t make a plan. “A gd plan helps mney wrk fr yu,” says Ms Wang, a maths teacher.