初中英语仁爱科普版（2024）九年级上册（2024）Unit 5 A Path Toward a Better WorldExploring the TopicGrammar in use练习

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unit5 Explring the Tpic-Grammar in Use
课时5 仁爱科普版初中英语九年级上册 (pp.89-90)
一、学习目标
1. 能够掌握后缀 -ty 和 -ity 的构词规则，将形容词转化为名词（如 safe→safety, creative→creativity）。
2. 能够理解并运用定语从句（I）中关系代词 that 和 which 的用法，正确改写和完成含定语从句的句子。
3. 能够掌握本课核心词汇（virtual reality, creativity, safety, difficulty, pssibility, ability, reality 等）并运用于语法练习。
4. 能够在阅读和写作中识别和使用 -ty/-ity 构词的名词以及 that/which 引导的定语从句。
二、重点
• 核心词汇：virtual reality, creativity, activity, safety, difficulty, pssibility, hnesty, natinality, persnality, curisity, ability, reality
• 核心结构：后缀 -ty/-ity 构词法；定语从句（I）——关系代词 that（指人/物/动物）和 which（指物/动物）
• 语法规则：-ty 加在以辅音字母结尾的形容词后；-ity 加在以 -able, -al, -us 等结尾的形容词后
• 句型应用：能识别定语从句中的先行词并选择正确的关系代词
三、难点
• that 和 which 的区分：that 可指人或物，which 只能指物或动物；在非限制性定语从句中只能用 which
• 以 -e 结尾的形容词加 -ity 时的拼写变化（如 able→ability, pssible→pssibility 需去 e）
• 在复合句中准确判断先行词并选择合适的关系代词，避免与宾语从句混淆
字词与词汇
语法与句型
1. 后缀 -ty 和 -ity 构词法
【规则】后缀 -ty 和 -ity 加在形容词末尾，将形容词转化为名词，表示性质或状态。
• -ty：加在以辅音字母结尾的形容词后（如 safe→safety, hnest→hnesty）
• -ity：加在以 -able, -al, -us, -ive 等结尾的形容词后（如 pssible→pssibility, natinal→natinality, creative→creativity）
• 注意拼写变化：以 -e 结尾的词去 e 加 -ity（如 able→ability, real→reality）
2. 定语从句（I）——关系代词 that 和 which
【规则】定语从句修饰名词或代词（先行词），关系代词 that 和 which 在从句中充当主语或宾语。
• that：可指人或物（指人时相当于 wh，指物时相当于 which）
• which：只能指物或动物
• 关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略
3. 易错纠错
学习支架
that 与 which 用法对比表
四、知识要点
1. 后缀 -ty 和 -ity 的构词规律
【概念】-ty 和 -ity 是名词后缀，加在形容词后构成抽象名词，表示"……的性质/状态"。一般规律：短词（1-2音节）加 -ty，长词（3音节以上）加 -ity。
【教材依据】safe→safety, difficult→difficulty, hnest→hnesty；pssible→pssibility, creative→creativity, natinal→natinality（教材 p.89）
【应用】记忆口诀：短词加 -ty（safe→safety），长词加 -ity（creative→creativity）。注意去 e 变化：able→ability, pssible→pssibility。
2. that 引导定语从句
【概念】that 是最常用的关系代词，既可指人也可指物。在从句中可作主语或宾语。作宾语时可省略。
【教材依据】William Mnre is a man that made America's first wd pencil in 1812.（that 指人，作主语）（教材 p.90）
【应用】The bk that is n the desk is mine.（that 指物，作主语） / This is the pen that I bught yesterday.（that 指物，作宾语，可省略）
3. which 引导定语从句
【概念】which 只能指物或动物，不能指人。在从句中可作主语或宾语。在非限制性定语从句（用逗号隔开）中必须用 which 而非 that。
【教材依据】This is the machine which Jack invented.（which 指物，作宾语）（教材 p.90）
【应用】The cmputer which I use is new.（which 指物，作宾语） / He bught a new phne, which cst a lt.（非限制性定语从句，只能用 which）
4. have difficulty (in) ding sth. 做某事有困难
【概念】difficulty 作名词时，常用于 have difficulty (in) ding sth. 结构，表示"做某事有困难"。in 可以省略。
【教材依据】Chinese scientists have difficulty slving these technlgy prblems.（教材 p.89）
【应用】I have difficulty (in) understanding this grammar rule. / She has difficulty remembering new wrds.
五、典型例题
【例1】用后缀 -ty 或 -ity 将下列形容词转化为名词：safe → ______; creative → ______; able → ______
【例2】This is the machine ________ Jack invented.
A. wh B. that C. what D. where
【例3】Virtual reality is a technlgy ________ creates a cpy f the real wrld in a virtual envirnment.
A. wh B. what C. that D. where
第二部分：同步练习
★ 基础巩固
一、单项选择
1. The gvernment stepped up effrts t make sure f peple's ________ during the snwstrm.
A. safe B. safely C. safety D. safeness
2. There is a ________ that ne day rbts will be able t d all the things as a human des.
A. pssible B. pssibly C. pssibility D. impssibility
3. This is the machine ________ Jack invented.
A. wh B. that C. what D. where
4. William Mnre is a man ________ made America's first wd pencil in 1812.
A. which B. wh C. what D. where
5. Creativity is very imprtant in the field f ________.
A. technlgize B. technlgical C. technlgy D. technlgically
二、首字母填空
6. Scientists may have different natinalities, but they all share sme cmmn imprtant traits, such as c________ (curius 的名词形式).
7. Mst imprtantly, scientists can always cme up with new ideas and have the a________ t slve prblems.
8. Virtual r________ is a technlgy that creates a cpy f the real wrld in a virtual envirnment.
三、句子改写
9. Jack invented the machine.（用关系代词 that 或 which 改写为含定语从句的句子，以 This is the machine 开头）
10. William Mnre made America's first wd pencil in 1812.（用 that 改写为含定语从句的句子，以 William Mnre is a man 开头）
★★ 能力提升
一、单项选择
1. Rbts can d almst any activity ________ humans can d.
A. wh B. that C. what D. when
2. Chinese scientists have ________ slving these technlgy prblems.
A. difficult B. difficulty C. difficulties D. difficulty in
3. The bk ________ I read yesterday is abut virtual reality.
A. wh B. that C. what D. where
4. Scientists keep n asking questins abut why things happen and hw things wrk. This shws their ________.
A. creative B. creativity C. curius D. curisity
二、阅读理解
Technlgy has changed the way we live and wrk. One f the mst exciting technlgies tday is virtual reality (VR). VR is a technlgy that creates a cpy f the real wrld in a virtual envirnment. With VR, peple can visit places that they have never been t, try activities that are t dangerus in real life, and learn skills in a safe way.
Anther amazing technlgy is artificial intelligence (AI). AI is a technlgy that helps machines think and learn like humans. Scientists wh wrk n AI have different natinalities and persnalities, but they all share sme cmmn traits. They have curisity abut hw things wrk and the ability t slve difficult prblems. Their creativity makes it pssible t build machines that can d almst any activity which humans can d.
Hwever, new technlgies als bring challenges. Peple have difficulty understanding hw sme AI systems make decisins. There is a pssibility that rbts will take away sme jbs. Safety is als a big cncern. But scientists believe that with hnesty and careful research, technlgy will make ur lives better, nt wrse.
1. What is virtual reality (VR) accrding t the passage?
A. A technlgy that helps machines think. B. A technlgy that creates a cpy f the real wrld in a virtual envirnment. C. A technlgy that makes rbts wrk. D. A technlgy that replaces human jbs.
2. What cmmn traits d AI scientists share accrding t the passage?
A. They have the same natinality. B. They have the same persnality. C. They have curisity and the ability t slve prblems. D. They have difficulty understanding AI.
3. Which f the fllwing is NOT a challenge mentined in the passage?
A. Peple have difficulty understanding AI decisins. B. Rbts may take away sme jbs. C. Safety is a big cncern. D. VR is t expensive t use.
4. What des the underlined wrd "creativity" in Paragraph 2 mean in this cntext?
A. The ability t create new and riginal things. B. The ability t remember things. C. The ability t speak different languages. D. The ability t wrk fast.
三、选词填空（用括号中所给词的正确形式填空）
备选词（原形）：natinal persnal curius create able real that/which activity
Scientists may have different 1.________ (natinal) and 2.________ (persnal), but they all share sme cmmn imprtant traits, such as 3.________ (curius) and 4.________ (create). They keep n asking questins abut why things happen and hw things wrk. Mst imprtantly, they can always cme up with new ideas and have the 5.________ (able) t slve prblems, create new things and turn dreams int 6.________ (real).
Virtual reality is a technlgy 7.________ creates a cpy f the real wrld. It is ne f the mst exciting 8.________ (activity) that peple can try in a virtual envirnment.
9. 第1空 ______
10. 第2空 ______
11. 第3空 ______
12. 第4空 ______
13. 第5空 ______
14. 第6空 ______
15. 第7空 ______
16. 第8空 ______
四、书面表达
假设你校正在举办科技节，请你以"科技改变生活"为题写一篇短文，介绍一项你感兴趣的科技并谈谈它的影响。
提示：
1. 介绍一项科技（如虚拟现实、人工智能、北斗导航等）；
2. 描述这项科技如何改变人们的生活；
3. 表达你对科技未来的看法。
要求：80词左右；至少使用一个 -ty/-ity 构词的名词和一个 that/which 引导的定语从句。
★★★ 拓展延伸
1. Which f the fllwing sentences cntains an attributive clause with "which"?
A. I knw which bk yu want t read. B. The bk which is n the table is mine. C. Tell me which is the best way t learn English. D. I dn't knw which t chse.
2. Chse the crrect wrd frm: The ________ f the new bridge is very imprtant fr the ________ f the city.
A. safe; develp B. safety; develpment C. safely; develping D. safeness; develps
3. Write tw sentences abut a technlgical inventin yu knw. Requirements: (1) Use ne wrd with the suffix -ty r -ity. (2) Use ne attributive clause with that r which.
单词
读音
词性
释义
例句
virtual reality
/ˈvɜːtʃuəl riˈæləti/
n.
虚拟现实
Virtual reality is a technlgy that creates a cpy f the real wrld.
creativity
/ˌkriːeɪˈtɪvəti/
n.
创造力
Creativity is very imprtant in the field f technlgy.
activity
/ækˈtɪvəti/
n.
活动
Rbts can d almst any activity that humans can d.
safety
/ˈseɪfti/
n.
安全
The gvernment stepped up effrts t make sure f peple's safety.
difficulty
/ˈdɪfɪkəlti/
n.
困难
Chinese scientists have difficulty slving these technlgy prblems.
pssibility
/ˌpɒsəˈbɪləti/
n.
可能性
There is a pssibility that rbts will d all things as humans d.
hnesty
/ˈɒnəsti/
n.
诚实
Hnesty is a very imprtant quality f peple.
natinality
/ˌnæʃəˈnæləti/
n.
国籍
Scientists may have different natinalities.
persnality
/ˌpɜːsəˈnæləti/
n.
性格
Scientists may have different persnalities.
curisity
/ˌkjʊəriˈɒsəti/
n.
好奇心
They share cmmn traits such as curisity.
ability
/əˈbɪləti/
n.
能力
They have the ability t slve prblems.
reality
/riˈæləti/
n.
现实
They turn dreams int reality.
relative prnun
/ˈrelətɪv ˈprəʊnaʊn/
n.
关系代词
That and which are relative prnuns in attributive clauses.
attributive clause
/əˈtrɪbjətɪv klɔːz/
n.
定语从句
An attributive clause mdifies a nun r prnun.
形容词
后缀
名词
释义
教材例句
safe
-ty
safety
安全
make sure f peple's safety
difficult
-ty
difficulty
困难
have difficulty slving prblems
hnest
-ty
hnesty
诚实
Hnesty is a very imprtant quality.
pssible
-ity
pssibility
可能性
There is a pssibility that...
creative
-ity
creativity
创造力
Creativity is very imprtant in technlgy.
natinal
-ity
natinality
国籍
Scientists have different natinalities.
persnal
-ity
persnality
性格
Scientists have different persnalities.
curius
-ity
curisity
好奇心
They share traits such as curisity.
able
-ity
ability
能力
have the ability t slve prblems
real
-ity
reality
现实
turn dreams int reality
关系代词
用法
教材例句
that
指人、动物或物
William Mnre is a man that made America's first wd pencil in 1812.
that
指物
Virtual reality is a technlgy that creates a cpy f the real wrld.
which
指物或动物
This is the machine which Jack invented.
which
指物
Rbts can d almst any activity which humans can d.
错误
正确
This is the bk which I bught it yesterday.
This is the bk which I bught yesterday.（关系代词作宾语时，从句中不再重复宾语 it）
He is a man which made the first pencil.
He is a man that made the first pencil.（which 不能指人，指人用 that 或 wh）
Virtual reality is a technlgy wh creates a cpy f the real wrld.
Virtual reality is a technlgy that/which creates a cpy f the real wrld.（wh 不能指物）
She has the able t slve prblems.
She has the ability t slve prblems.（able 是形容词，名词形式为 ability）
对比项
that
which
指人
✓ 可以
✗ 不可以
指物
✓ 可以
✓ 可以
指动物
✓ 可以
✓ 可以
非限制性定语从句（逗号后）
✗ 不可以
✓ 可以
先行词前有 the nly/序数词/最高级
✓ 优先使用
✗ 不优先
作宾语时可省略
✓ 可以
✓ 可以