英语鲁教版（五四学制）（2024）Section A巩固练习

这是一份英语鲁教版（五四学制）（2024）Section A巩固练习试卷主要包含了学习目标，重点，难点，字词与词汇，语法与句型，学习支架，知识要点，典型例题等内容，欢迎下载使用。
(学生版)
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第一部分：知识点讲义
一、学习目标
1. 能够通过听力和阅读获取关于3D打印机和收音机的关键信息，理解其发明背景和影响。
2. 能够准确理解并使用核心词汇 3D printer, bject, design, prduce, build up, plastic, radi, inventr, develp, spread, effect 等。
3. 能够理解并运用一般过去时被动语态 (was/were + dne) 描述过去的发明和事件。
4. 能够通过阅读了解发明对人类社会产生的深远影响，培养科技史意识。
二、重点
1. 核心词汇的含义与用法：3D printer, bject, design, prduce, build up, plastic, radi, inventr, develp, spread, effect。
2. 一般过去时被动语态 (was/were + dne) 的结构与用法。
3. 描述发明及其影响的句型：The bject is designed n the cmputer. / The wrld was made much smaller by the radi.
4. 阅读策略：根据上下文推测词义，理解因果关系。
三、难点
1. 一般过去时被动语态与一般现在时被动语态的区分与运用。
2. 理解发明对人类社会的深远影响并用被动语态进行表达。
3. 在阅读中梳理事件的时间线和因果关系。
四、字词与词汇
五、语法与句型
【核心句型】
1. 一般过去时被动语态描述过去的发明和事件：
Befre the radi was invented, infrmatin travelled very slwly.
The wrld was made much smaller by the radi.
A radi message was sent acrss the Atlantic Ocean fr the first time in 1901.
2. 一般现在时被动语态描述产品的工作流程：
The bject is designed n the cmputer.
The 3D printer builds up the bject layer by layer.
3. 描述发明的影响：
The radi had a great effect n the wrld.
The wrld was made much smaller by the radi.
【易错辨析】
六、学习支架
【发明对比信息卡】
七、知识要点
要点1：一般过去时被动语态 (was/were + dne)
一般过去时被动语态用于描述过去发生的被动动作。结构为：主语 + was/were + 过去分词 (+ by + 施动者)。当主语为单数或不可数名词时用 was，复数用 were。教材 pp.13-14 中 "Befre the radi was invented, infrmatin travelled very slwly." 和 "The wrld was made much smaller by the radi." 都使用了一般过去时被动语态来描述过去的发明事件。
要点2：build up 的用法
build up 意为"建立；逐步积累"。在3D打印语境中，build up the bject layer by layer 表示"逐层构建物体"。build up 还可以表示"增强；树立"，如 build up cnfidence（树立信心）。注意 build up 与 build 的区别：build 侧重建造，build up 强调逐步积累的过程。
要点3：effect 与 affect 的区别
effect 为名词，意为"影响；效果"，常用搭配 have an effect n...（对……产生影响）。affect 为动词，意为"影响"。教材 "The radi had a great effect n the wrld." 中 effect 为名词。常见错误：用 affect 代替 effect 作名词。
要点4：spread 的用法
spread 意为"传播；扩散"，过去式和过去分词均为 spread。在被动语态中为 be spread。教材中信息通过收音机被快速传播：Infrmatin was spread quickly by the radi。spread 还可作名词，如 the spread f disease（疾病的传播）。
要点5：一般过去时被动语态 vs 一般现在时被动语态
一般过去时被动语态强调过去发生的被动动作（was/were + dne），常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如 in 1901, befre the radi was invented。一般现在时被动语态强调当前的状态或经常性动作（am/is/are + dne），如 The bject is designed n the cmputer。教材 pp.13-14 中两种时态交替出现：描述3D打印机当前工作原理用现在时，描述收音机的发明历史用过去时。
八、典型例题
【例1】Befre the radi was invented, infrmatin _______ very slwly.
A. travels B. travelled C. is travelled D. was travelled
【例2】The wrld was made much _______ by the radi.
A. small B. smaller C. smallest D. the smallest
【例3】用所给词的适当形式填空：
(1) A radi message _______ (send) acrss the Atlantic Ocean fr the first time in 1901.
(2) Tys, chairs, tables, and even huses can all _______ (make) by the 3D printer.
第二部分：同步练习
★ 基础巩固
一、单项选择（每题2分，共10分）
1. The bject _______ n the cmputer befre it is printed by the 3D printer.
A. designs B. is designed C. designed D. was designed
2. Befre the radi was invented, infrmatin _______ very slwly.
A. travels B. is travelled C. travelled D. was travelled
3. The 3D printer builds up the bject layer _______ layer.
A. t B. by C. with D. at
4. A radi message was sent acrss the Atlantic Ocean _______ the first time in 1901.
A. at B. in C. n D. fr
5. The radi had a great _______ n the wrld.
A. affect B. effect C. effrt D. ffer
二、首字母填空（每题2分，共10分）
6. The 3D printer uses p_________ t make bjects.
7. Befre the radi was i_________, infrmatin travelled very slwly.
8. Alexander Bell was a famus i_________.
9. Infrmatin was s_________ quickly by the radi.
10. The 3D printer builds up the bject l_________ by layer.
三、句子改写（每题2分，共10分）
11. Peple designed the bject n the cmputer.（改为被动语态）
The bject _______ _______ n the cmputer.
12. The radi made the wrld much smaller.（改为被动语态）
The wrld _______ _______ much smaller by the radi.
13. Peple sent a radi message acrss the Atlantic Ocean in 1901.（改为被动语态）
A radi message _______ _______ acrss the Atlantic Ocean in 1901.
14. The inventr develped the radi ver many years.（改为被动语态）
The radi _______ _______ ver many years by the inventr.
15. The 3D printer can prduce tys, chairs, and tables.（改为被动语态）
Tys, chairs, and tables can _______ _______ by the 3D printer.
★★ 能力提升
一、单项选择（每题2分，共10分）
1. The 3D printer _______ bjects layer by layer. It is a mdern inventin.
A. builds up B. built up C. is built up D. was built up
2. The telephne _______ by Alexander Bell in 1876.
A. invents B. invented C. was invented D. is invented
3. Befre the radi was develped, peple had t _______ letters t send infrmatin.
A. rely n B. give up C. take ff D. put away
4. The 3D printer can _______ even huses. It is amazing.
A. build B. builds C. built D. building
5. The effect f the radi _______ very imprtant in the histry f cmmunicatin.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
二、阅读理解（每题2分，共10分）
阅读下面短文，选择最佳答案。
The 3D printer is ne f the mst amazing mdern inventins. It can prduce all kinds f bjects, frm small tys t large chairs and tables. Sme 3D printers can even make huses! The bject is first designed n the cmputer. Then the 3D printer builds up the bject layer by layer, using materials like plastic.
The idea f 3D printing was first develped in the 1980s. At that time, the technlgy was very expensive and slw. But ver the years, the technlgy has been imprved greatly. Nw, 3D printers are used in many fields, including medicine, educatin, and cnstructin.
In medicine, 3D printers can prduce bdy parts like teeth and bnes. In educatin, students can make mdels t help them understand difficult cncepts. In cnstructin, huses can be built by 3D printers in just a few days. The 3D printer has had a great effect n many areas f ur life.
Sme scientists believe that in the future, 3D printers will be used in every hme. Peple will be able t make anything they need at hme. This will change the way we live, just as the radi changed the wrld ver 100 years ag.
1. What can the 3D printer prduce?
A. Only small tys B. Only huses
C. All kinds f bjects frm tys t huses D. Only bdy parts
2. What material des the 3D printer use?
A. Wd B. Metal C. Plastic D. Glass
3. When was the idea f 3D printing first develped?
A. In the 1970s B. In the 1980s C. In the 1990s D. In the 2000s
4. What des the wrd "cnstructin" mean in the passage?
A. Medicine B. Educatin C. Building D. Cking
5. What d scientists believe abut the future f 3D printers?
A. They will be used in every hme.
B. They will nly be used in hspitals.
C. They will be replaced by new technlgy.
D. They will becme mre expensive.
三、选词填空（每空1分，共10分）
从方框中选词填空，每词限用一次。
design | prduce | layer | plastic | radi | inventr | spread | effect | develp | build up
The 3D printer is an amazing inventin. First, the bject is (1)_______ n the cmputer. Then the printer (2)_______ the bject (3)_______ by layer, using (4)_______ as the main material. Many things can be (5)_______ by the 3D printer.
The (6)_______ f the radi als changed the wrld. Befre it was invented, infrmatin travelled very slwly. After the radi was (7)_______, news and infrmatin were (8)_______ quickly arund the wrld. The radi had a great (9)_______ n cmmunicatin. Bth inventins shw hw technlgy can (10)_______ ur lives.
四、写作（10分）
请根据以下提示，写一篇约80词的短文，介绍一项你认为最重要的发明。
提示：1. 这项发明是什么？ 2. 它是什么时候被发明的？由谁发明的？ 3. 它有什么功能或用途？ 4. 它对世界产生了什么影响？（至少用两个被动语态句子）
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
★★★ 拓展延伸
一、推断题（每题3分，共6分）
1. 教材中提到 "Befre the radi was invented, infrmatin travelled very slwly." 和 "The wrld was made much smaller by the radi." 由此可以推断出收音机的发明：
A. 只影响了英国和美国。
B. 使信息传播速度大大加快，缩短了世界各地的距离。
C. 取代了所有其他通讯方式。
D. 只在战争期间发挥了作用。
答案：_______
2. 教材中说 "Tys, chairs, tables, and even huses can all be made by the 3D printer." 使用 "even" 一词的目的是：
A. 表示3D打印机只能做房子。
B. 表示房子是3D打印机能做的最简单的东西。
C. 强调3D打印机能力的强大，连房子这样的大型建筑都能制造。
D. 表示房子是最后被发明出来的。
答案：_______
二、文章结构分析题（4分）
对比教材 pp.13-14 关于3D打印机和收音机的描述，回答以下问题：
(1) 这两段内容在时态使用上有什么不同？为什么？（2分）
_______________________________________________________________________________
(2) 两段内容都用到了被动语态，但时态不同。请分析原因。（2分）
_______________________________________________________________________________单词
读音
词性
释义
例句
3D printer
/θriː diː ˈprɪntə(r)/
n.
3D打印机
The bject is designed n the cmputer and then printed by the 3D printer.
bject
/ˈɒbdʒɪkt/
n.
物体；物品
The bject is designed n the cmputer first.
design
/dɪˈzaɪn/
v./n.
设计
The bject is designed n the cmputer.
prduce
/prəˈdjuːs/
v.
生产；制造
Many prducts are prduced by machines nw.
build up
/bɪld ʌp/
phr.
建立；积累
The 3D printer builds up the bject layer by layer.
plastic
/ˈplæstɪk/
n./adj.
塑料；塑料的
The 3D printer uses plastic t make bjects.
radi
/ˈreɪdiəʊ/
n.
收音机
Befre the radi was invented, infrmatin travelled very slwly.
inventr
/ɪnˈventə(r)/
n.
发明家
Alexander Bell was a famus inventr.
develp
/dɪˈveləp/
v.
发展；开发
The radi was develped ver many years.
spread
/spred/
v.
传播；扩散
Infrmatin was spread quickly by the radi.
effect
/ɪˈfekt/
n.
影响；效果
The radi had a great effect n the wrld.
layer
/ˈleɪə(r)/
n.
层
The 3D printer builds up the bject layer by layer.
错误表达
正确表达
解析
Befre the radi invented, infrmatin travelled slwly.
Befre the radi was invented, infrmatin travelled slwly.
radi 是"被发明"的，应用被动语态 was invented，不能省略 was。
The wrld was made much small by the radi.
The wrld was made much smaller by the radi.
much 修饰比较级，smaller 为比较级形式，不能用原级 small。
A radi message was sent acrss the Atlantic Ocean at 1901.
A radi message was sent acrss the Atlantic Ocean in 1901.
表示"在某一年"用介词 in，不用 at。at 用于具体时刻。
发明
时代
工作原理/事件（被动语态）
影响
3D Printer
现代
The bject is designed n the cmputer; builds up layer by layer; uses plastic
Tys, chairs, tables, and even huses can all be made
Radi
19世纪末—20世纪初
Befre the radi was invented, infrmatin travelled slwly; A radi message was sent acrss the Atlantic in 1901
The wrld was made much smaller; infrmatin was spread quickly