鲁教版（五四学制）（2024）九年级全册（2024）Unit 11 Open to New BeginingsSection B练习题

这是一份鲁教版（五四学制）（2024）九年级全册（2024）Unit 11 Open to New BeginingsSection B练习题试卷主要包含了学习目标，重点，难点，字词与词汇，语法与句型，学习支架，知识要点，典型例题等内容，欢迎下载使用。

第一部分：知识点讲义
一、学习目标
1. 能够通过阅读理解造纸术的发明过程、材料和历史意义，提取关键信息。
2. 能够运用阅读策略 Understanding reference wrds 正确理解课文中代词的指代对象。
3. 能够运用核心词汇 papermaking, ingredient, bark, fibre, bil, beat, pur, press, creatin, civilizatin, spread 等描述发明过程。
4. 能够理解并运用一般过去时被动语态在历史叙述中的运用 (was/were + dne)。
5. 能够梳理造纸术的发展脉络，用顺序表达词复述发明过程。
二、重点
1. 造纸术的发明过程及其对人类文明的影响。
2. 核心词汇的音形义及语境运用。
3. 一般过去时被动语态在历史描述中的运用。
4. 阅读策略：理解代词指代 (Understanding reference wrds)。
三、难点
1. 在语境中准确理解代词的指代对象。
2. 用自己的语言复述造纸过程，正确使用被动语态。
3. 理解造纸术对人类文明的深远影响。
四、字词与词汇
五、语法与句型
【核心句型】
1. 描述发明过程（被动语态 + 顺序表达）：
In the first step, all the ingredients were mixed and biled in water.
Then, the material was beaten, cut up, and mixed with water again.
Next, the liquid was pured ver a bamb screen, leaving just the fibre.
Finally, the fibre was dried and pressed t frm paper.
2. 描述发明的影响：
It was respnsible fr the rapid spread f infrmatin.
Papermaking led t a rapid increase in bks and a new birth f knwledge.
3. 描述发明的传播：
Papermaking spread t neighburing cuntries.
It reached Eurpe thrugh Arabic cuntries in the 12th century.
【易错辨析】
六、学习支架
【造纸术发展脉络信息卡】
【造纸过程流程图】
七、知识要点
要点1：papermaking 及相关词汇的用法
papermaking 为不可数名词，意为“造纸术”。相关核心词汇包括：ingredient、bark、fibre、bamb screen。教材 pp.16-17 中描述蔡伦造纸时大量使用了这些词汇。
要点2：描述发明过程的动词用法（bil, beat, pur, press）
这四个动词是描述造纸过程的核心动作词。在课文中它们均以被动语态出现，因为描述发明过程时重点在于“材料被如何处理”而非“谁来处理”。
要点3：一般过去时被动语态在历史叙述中的运用
结构：主语 + was/were + 过去分词 (+ by + 施动者)。课文中大量使用。注意：主语单数用 was，复数用 were。
要点4：阅读策略 — Understanding reference wrds
代词指代是指代词在文章中指向的具体对象。关键方法：① 向前搜索；② 注意单复数一致；③ 注意性别一致。教材 pp.16-17 中的 1a 练习即要求学生找出代词的指代对象。
要点5：brnze ware, bamb screen 等复合名词
由两个名词组成的复合名词。第一个词起修饰作用，类似形容词。类似的还有：animal bnes、writing material、palace wrkshp 等。
八、典型例题
【例1】
Cai Lun was ________ head fficer f ________ palace wrkshp in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
A. a; a B. the; the C. the; a D. a; the
【解答】B 【点拨】两者均为特指，用定冠词 the。
【例2】
Put the steps in crrect rder: a. The fibre was dried and pressed. b. All the ingredients were mixed and biled. c. The liquid was pured ver a bamb screen. d. The material was beaten, cut up, and mixed with water.
【解答】b → d → c → a 【点拨】根据课文第4段的顺序表达词。
【例3】
回答代词指代问题：(1) "It was respnsible fr the rapid spread f infrmatin." 中的 It 指代什么？ (2) "All were difficult t use r expensive." 中的 All 指代什么？
【解答】(1) It 指代 papermaking。(2) All 指代各种书写材料。
第二部分：同步练习
★ 基础巩固
一、单项选择（每馘2分，共10分）
1. Papermaking was respnsible fr the rapid ________ f infrmatin.
A. spread B. creatin C. inventin D. cllectin
2. All the ingredients were mixed and ________ in water.
A. pressed B. pured C. biled D. beaten
3. Cai Lun gt the idea ________ bark, plants and ld clthes culd make writing material.
A. which B. what C. that D. hw
4. Papermaking reached Eurpe ________ Arabic cuntries in the 12th century.
A. by B. thrugh C. frm D. with
5. The fibre was dried and ________ t frm paper.
A. mixed B. biled C. beaten D. pressed
二、首字母填空（每馘2分，共10分）
6. In ancient China, many different m_________ were used t write n.
7. The l_________ was pured ver a bamb screen, leaving just the fibre.
8. Cai Lun was the head _________ f the palace wrkshp.
9. P_________ is ne f the mst imprtant creatins in human civilizatin.
10. All the i_________ were mixed and biled in water.
三、句子改写（每馘2分，共10分）
11. Cai Lun invented papermaking. Papermaking changed the wrld. (用 which 合并)
Cai Lun invented papermaking, _______ _______ the wrld.
12. Peple used animal bnes t write n. (改为被动语态)
Animal bnes _______ _______ t write n.
13. First, the ingredients were mixed and biled. Then, the material was beaten. (用 after 连接)
_______ the ingredients were mixed and biled, the material was beaten.
14. The fibre was dried and pressed. Paper was frmed. (用 t 连接)
The fibre was dried and pressed _______ _______ paper.
15. Papermaking spread t neighburing cuntries. It reached Eurpe later. (用 and 合并)
Papermaking spread t neighburing cuntries _______ _______ Eurpe later.
★★ 能力提升
一、单项选择（每馘2分，共10分）
1. Cai Lun used bark, plants and ld clthes ________ paper.
A. make B. making C. t make D. made
2. The papermaking technique ________ t Eurpe thrugh Arabic cuntries.
A. spread B. spreads C. was spread D. has spread
3. ________ the rapid increase in bks was a new birth f knwledge.
A. Led t B. Resulting in C. Because D. Due t
4. The wrd "it" in "It was respnsible fr the rapid spread f infrmatin" refers t ________.
A. paper B. papermaking C. the emperr D. Cai Lun
5. Which is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A. Cai Lun invented paper in the Western Han.
B. Early paper was made frm silk.
C. Papermaking reached Eurpe directly frm China.
D. Befre Cai Lun, materials were difficult r expensive t use.
二、阅读理解（每馘2分，共10分）
阅读下面短文，选择最佳答案。
Befre paper was invented, peple in ancient China used many different materials fr writing. They wrte n animal bnes, brnze wares, stnes, wd, bamb and silk. Hwever, these materials were either t heavy r t expensive t use.
In the Western Han Dynasty, peple made the earliest paper frm jute, but it was f lw quality. Then, in the Eastern Han Dynasty (105 CE), Cai Lun imprved the papermaking prcess. He was the head fficer f the palace wrkshp. He cllected bark, plants and ld clthes, mixed them with water, biled them, and beat them int a paste. The paste was pured ver a bamb screen, and the fibre was left t dry and press int paper.
This new paper was sft, light and cheap. The emperr was very pleased and praised Cai Lun.
Over time, papermaking spread t neighburing cuntries. In the 12th century, it reached Eurpe thrugh Arabic cuntries. This led t a rapid increase in bks and a new birth f knwledge and civilizatin.
1. What materials were used befre paper?
A. Only bamb and silk.
B. Bnes, brnze wares, stnes, wd, bamb and silk.
C. Only bnes and stnes.
D. Paper and bamb.
2. What des "He" in paragraph 2 refer t?
A. The emperr.
B. A man frm Western Han.
C. Cai Lun.
D. A freign fficer.
3. Why was Cai Lun's paper a great imprvement?
A. Made frm jute.
B. Sft, light and cheap.
C. First paper ever.
D. Shwn t the emperr.
4. Hw did papermaking reach Eurpe?
A. Directly by sea.
B. Thrugh Krea and Japan.
C. Thrugh Arabic cuntries.
D. By the Rman Empire.
5. Best title?
A. Hw t Make Paper
B. Cai Lun and the Emperr
C. Histry f Writing Materials
D. Papermaking: An Inventin That Changed the Wrld
三、选词填空（每空1分，共10分）
从方框中选词填空，每词限用一次。
papermaking | ingredient | bark | fibre | bil | pur | press | spread | civilizatin | creatin
Papermaking is ne f the greatest (1) _______ in Chinese histry. Cai Lun used (2) _______ like tree bark, plants and ld clthes t make paper.
First, all the materials were (3) _______ in water. Then, they were beaten and cut up. (4) _______ that, the liquid was (5) _______ ver a bamb screen. The (6) _______ was left n the screen.
Finally, the fibre was dried and (7) _______ t frm paper.
This great (8) _______ sn (9) _______ t neighburing cuntries. It played an imprtant rle in the develpment f human (10) _______.
四、写作（10分）
请根据提示写一篇约80词的短文，介绍蔡伦发明造纸术的过程及其影响。
提示：1. 蔡伦是谁？什么时候？ 2. 造纸的材料和过程？ 3. 对世界的影响？
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
★★★ 拓展延伸
一、推断题（每馘3分，共6分）
1. 西汉已有早期的纸，但蔡伦仍要解决问题。可推断：
A. 早期的纸已非常完美。 B. 早期的纸质量不高。
C. 蔡伦不知道西汉已有纸。 D. 造纸术只在东汉出现。
答案：_______
2. "Papermaking led t a rapid increase in bks and a new birth f knwledge." 可推断：
A. 只对中国文化产生了影响。 B. 促进了知识传播和文明发展。
C. 使所有人都能买得起书。 D. 导致了印刷术的发明。
答案：_______
二、文章结构分析题（4分）
阅读课文五个段落，分析其组织结构：
(1) 这五个段落分别写了什么？用英文概括每段大意。（2分）
_______________________________________________________________________________
(2) 文章采用了什么写作顺序？有什么好处？（2分）
_______________________________________________________________________________单词
读音
词性
释义
例句
papermaking
/ˈpeɪpəmeɪkɪŋ/
n.
造纸术
Papermaking was ne f the greatest inventins in ancient China.
ingredient
/ɪnˈɡriːdiənt/
n.
原料；成分
All the ingredients were mixed and biled in water.
bark
/bɑːk/
n.
树皮
Cai Lun used bark t make paper.
fibre
/ˈfaɪbə(r)/
n.
纤维
The fibre was dried and pressed t frm paper.
bil
/bɔɪl/
v.
煮沸
The ingredients were biled in water first.
beat
/biːt/
v.
打碎
The material was beaten and cut up.
pur
/pɔː(r)/
v.
倾倒
The liquid was pured ver a bamb screen.
press
/pres/
v.
压制
The fibre was dried and pressed t frm paper.
creatin
/kriˈeɪʃn/
n.
创造；创作物
Paper was a great creatin f ancient China.
civilizatin
/ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/
n.
文明
It led t a new birth f knwledge and civilizatin.
spread
/spred/
v./n.
传播
Papermaking spread t neighburing cuntries.
brnze ware
/brɒnz weə(r)/
n. phr.
青铜器
In ancient times, peple wrte n brnze wares.
bamb screen
/bæmˈbuː skriːn/
n. phr.
竹帘
The liquid was pured ver a bamb screen.
错误表达
正确表达
解析
The ingredients mixed and biled in water.
The ingredients were mixed and biled in water.
原料“被混合”“被煮沸”，必须用被动语态。
The liquid pured ver the screen.
The liquid was pured ver the screen.
liquid“被倒在竹帘上”，主语是受动者。
Cai Lun gt the idea which bark culd make paper.
Cai Lun gt the idea that bark culd make paper.
idea后用that引导同位语从句，不用which。
时间
人物
事件
意义
西汉
—
早期的纸（用大麻制成）
最早的纸，但质量不高
东汉 105 CE
蔡伦
改进造纸术
造纸术正式诞生
12世纪
—
经阿拉伯国家传入欧洲
传播到世界各地
步骤
动作
被动语态表达
Step 1
mix + bil
All the ingredients were mixed and biled in water.
Step 2
beat + cut up + mix
The material was beaten, cut up, and mixed with water again.
Step 3
pur
The liquid was pured ver a bamb screen.
Step 4
dry + press
The fibre was dried and pressed t frm paper.