初中英语鲁教版（五四学制）（2024）九年级全册（2024）Section A练习

这是一份初中英语鲁教版（五四学制）（2024）九年级全册（2024）Section A练习试卷主要包含了学习目标，重点，难点，字词与词汇，语法与句型，学习支架，知识要点，典型例题等内容，欢迎下载使用。
(学生版)
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第一部分：知识点讲义
一、学习目标
1. 能够系统归纳被动语态的三种形式：一般现在时被动 (am/is/are + dne)、一般过去时被动 (was/were + dne)、含情态动词被动 (can/must/shuld + be + dne)。
2. 能够准确进行主动语态与被动语态之间的转换。
3. 能够理解 by 短语的用法，判断何时需要引出施动者、何时可以省略。
4. 能够运用被动语态正确描述产品功能和发明历史。
二、重点
1. 被动语态三种形式的结构、用法和区分。
2. 主动语态→被动语态的转换方法和步骤。
3. by 短语的用法：施动者已知/重要时用 by 引出，施动者未知/不重要时省略。
三、难点
1. 在具体语境中正确选择被动语态的时态形式。
2. 含情态动词被动语态的理解与运用。
3. 主动→被动转换中主谓一致的处理。
四、字词与词汇
五、语法与句型
【核心句型】
1. 一般现在时被动语态：
A mini-camera is cnnected t the frnt f the glasses.
The il and salt are als added by the machine itself.
2. 一般过去时被动语态：
A radi message was sent acrss the Atlantic Ocean fr the first time in 1901.
The telephne was invented by Alexander Bell in 1876.
3. 含情态动词的被动语态：
Tys, chairs, tables, and even huses can all be made by the 3D printer.
Hundreds f kinds f dishes can be made by Smart Ck.
Mre smart prducts shuld be designed in the future.
【被动语态三种形式对比表】
【主动→被动转换步骤】
步骤1：找出主动句的宾语，将其变为被动句的主语。
步骤2：根据新主语的人称和数，选择正确的 be 动词形式。
步骤3：将主动句的动词变为过去分词。
步骤4：如果需要，用 by + 施动者 表示动作执行者。
示例：Smart Ck adds il and salt.
→ Oil and salt are added by Smart Ck.
（宾语 il and salt → 主语；adds → are added）
【by 短语用法归纳】
【易错辨析】
六、学习支架
【被动语态转换练习卡】
七、知识要点
要点1：被动语态的基本概念
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者（而非执行者）。英语中被动语态的基本结构为：主语 + be + 过去分词 (+ by + 施动者)。被动语态有不同的时态形式，教材 pp.15 Grammar Fcus 中系统归纳了三种主要形式。使用被动语态的关键在于：关注的重点是动作的承受者，而非执行者。
要点2：一般现在时被动语态 vs 一般过去时被动语态
一般现在时被动 (am/is/are + dne) 用于描述当前的状态或经常性的被动动作，如 "A mini-camera is cnnected t the frnt f the glasses."（描述产品当前的状态）。一般过去时被动 (was/were + dne) 用于描述过去发生的被动动作，常与 in 1876, in 1901, befre... 等过去时间状语连用，如 "The telephne was invented by Alexander Bell in 1876." 区分的关键在于时间概念。
要点3：含情态动词的被动语态
含情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词 (can/must/shuld/may 等) + be + 过去分词。如 "Tys, chairs, tables, and even huses can all be made by the 3D printer." 表示"能够被制造"。"Mre smart prducts shuld be designed in the future." 表示"应该被设计"。注意情态动词后必须用 be（不是 am/is/are/was/were）。
要点4：主动语态→被动语态的转换方法
转换步骤：①将主动句宾语变为被动句主语；②根据新主语选择正确的 be 形式（注意人称、数和时态）；③动词变为过去分词；④原主语变为 by + 名词/代词（宾格）。教材 pp.15 中 4a 的练习重点就是主动→被动的转换。需注意：当主动句宾语为复数时，被动句主语为复数，be 动词用 are/were。
要点5：by 短语的使用规则
by + 施动者 用于引出动作的执行者。当施动者是具体的、已知的人或物，且需要强调时使用，如 "The telephne was invented by Alexander Bell." 当施动者未知（A radi message was sent in 1901）、不重要（The il and salt are als added by the machine itself）或为泛指的人们时，by 短语通常省略。教材 pp.15 中 4b 的练习要求判断何时使用 by 短语。
八、典型例题
【例1】将下列句子改为被动语态：
Alexander Bell invented the telephne in 1876.
→ _______________________________________________
【例2】用所给词的适当形式填空：
Tys, chairs, tables, and even huses can all _______ (make) by the 3D printer.
【例3】选择正确的被动语态形式填空：
The il and salt _______ (add) by the machine itself. (用一般现在时)
第二部分：同步练习
★ 基础巩固
一、单项选择（每题2分，共10分）
1. The telephne _______ by Alexander Bell in 1876.
A. invents B. invented C. was invented D. is invented
2. Tys, chairs, and even huses _______ all be made by the 3D printer.
A. must B. shuld C. can D. need
3. The il and salt _______ added by the machine itself.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
4. A radi message was sent acrss the Atlantic Ocean _______ the first time in 1901.
A. at B. in C. n D. fr
5. Mre smart prducts shuld _______ in the future.
A. design B. designed C. be designed D. be designing
二、首字母填空（每题2分，共10分）
6. The p_________ vice is used when the subject receives the actin.
7. In the active vice, the subject p_________ the actin.
8. The passive vice has different frms in different t_________.
9. The a_________ is intrduced by the prepsitin "by".
10. T change frm active t passive, the _________ f the active sentence becmes the subject.
三、句子改写（每题2分，共10分）
将下列主动句改为被动语态：
11. Peple cnnect a mini-camera t the frnt f the glasses.
→ _______________________________________________
12. Smart Ck adds il and salt t the fd.
→ _______________________________________________
13. The inventr develped the radi ver many years.
→ _______________________________________________
14. The 3D printer can prduce all kinds f bjects.
→ _______________________________________________
15. Peple shuld use technlgy wisely.
→ _______________________________________________
★★ 能力提升
一、单项选择（每题2分，共10分）
1. — Wh was the telephne invented _______?
— _______ Alexander Bell.
A. by; By B. by; Was C. with; By D. with; Was
2. This kind f smart glasses _______ in China. They are very ppular.
A. makes B. is made C. made D. are made
3. The students _______ t use the 3D printer in the science class last week.
A. taught B. are taught C. were taught D. teach
4. The bk must _______ t the library n time.
A. return B. returned C. be returned D. be returning
5. Befre cmputers were invented, letters _______ by hand.
A. write B. wrte C. are written D. were written
二、阅读理解（每题2分，共10分）
阅读下面短文，选择最佳答案。
Passive vice is ne f the mst imprtant grammar pints in English. It is used when we want t emphasize the actin r the receiver f the actin, rather than the der.
There are different frms f passive vice. When we talk abut facts r current situatins, the present passive (am/is/are + dne) is used. Fr example, "A mini-camera is cnnected t the frnt f the glasses." When we talk abut past events, the past passive (was/were + dne) is used. Fr example, "The telephne was invented by Alexander Bell in 1876." When we talk abut pssibility r necessity, the mdal passive (can/must/shuld + be + dne) is used. Fr example, "Huses can be made by the 3D printer."
The chice f passive r active vice depends n what we want t emphasize. If the der is imprtant, we use the active vice. If the receiver is mre imprtant, we use the passive vice. In science and technlgy writing, the passive vice is very cmmn because the fcus is usually n the prcess r the result, nt n the persn wh des the actin.
1. When is the passive vice used?
A. When we want t emphasize the der.
B. When we want t emphasize the actin r receiver.
C. When we want t use past tense.
D. When we want t ask questins.
2. Hw many frms f passive vice are mentined in the passage?
A. One B. Tw C. Three D. Fur
3. What frm f passive vice is used in "The telephne was invented by Alexander Bell in 1876"?
A. Present passive B. Past passive
C. Mdal passive D. Future passive
4. Why is the passive vice cmmn in science and technlgy writing?
A. Because it is easier t write.
B. Because scientists prefer it.
C. Because the fcus is n the prcess r result, nt the persn.
D. Because it makes sentences lnger.
5. What des the wrd "emphasis" mean in the passage?
A. 语法 B. 重点；强调 C. 拼写 D. 翻译
三、选词填空（每空1分，共10分）
从方框中选词填空，每词限用一次。
passive | active | was invented | is cnnected | can be made | by | are added | was sent | shuld be designed | were invented
四、写作（10分）
请根据以下提示，用被动语态写一段约80词的短文，介绍你生活中的一种智能产品。
提示：1. 这个产品是什么？ 2. 它是什么时候被发明的？ 3. 它有什么功能？（至少用三种不同形式的被动语态各一个句子） 4. 它对你的生活有什么影响？
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
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★★★ 拓展延伸
一、推断题（每题3分，共6分）
1. 教材 pp.12-15 中大量使用了被动语态来描述智能产品和发明。由此可以推断出这类科技说明文体使用被动语态的主要原因是：
A. 使文章看起来更高级。
B. 将读者的注意力集中在产品功能和发明事实上，而非执行者。
C. 因为不知道谁执行了这些动作。
D. 因为被动语态比主动语态更短。
答案：_______
2. 观察以下两个句子：
① A mini-camera is cnnected t the frnt f the glasses.
② The telephne was invented by Alexander Bell in 1876.
句①没有 by 短语，句②有 by 短语。由此可以推断出：
A. 句①的施动者不重要或不明确，句②的施动者是具体的、需要强调的人。
B. 句①是过去时，句②是现在时。
C. 句①是错误的，应该加上 by 短语。
D. 句②是错误的，不应该加 by 短语。
答案：_______
二、文章结构分析题（4分）
回顾本单元 Sectin A 所有内容（pp.12-15），回答以下问题：
(1) 本单元三种被动语态形式分别在什么场景下使用？请各举一个教材中的例子。（2分）
_______________________________________________________________________________
(2) 如果要将整个 Unit 1 的内容改为主动语态表达，会遇到什么困难？请举一个例子说明。（2分）
_______________________________________________________________________________单词
读音
词性
释义
例句
passive vice
/ˈpæsɪv vɔɪs/
n.
被动语态
The passive vice is used t emphasize the actin r the bject.
active vice
/ˈæktɪv vɔɪs/
n.
主动语态
In the active vice, the subject perfrms the actin.
tense
/tens/
n.
时态
The passive vice has different frms in different tenses.
subject
/ˈsʌbdʒɪkt/
n.
主语
The subject f a passive sentence receives the actin.
bject
/ˈɒbdʒɪkt/
n.
宾语
The bject f an active sentence becmes the subject in passive vice.
verb
/vɜːb/
n.
动词
The verb in the passive vice is in the past participle frm.
agent
/ˈeɪdʒənt/
n.
施动者
The agent is intrduced by the prepsitin "by".
形式
结构
用法
例句
一般现在时被动
am/is/are + dne
描述当前状态/经常性被动动作
A mini-camera is cnnected t the glasses.
一般过去时被动
was/were + dne
描述过去的被动动作/事件
A radi message was sent in 1901.
含情态动词被动
can/must/shuld + be + dne
表示可能/必须/应该被做
Huses can be made by the 3D printer.
情况
处理方式
例句
施动者已知且需要强调
用 by 引出
The telephne was invented by Alexander Bell.
施动者未知
省略 by 短语
A radi message was sent in 1901.
施动者不重要/不言自明
省略 by 短语
The bject is designed n the cmputer.
施动者为泛指的"人们"
通常省略
Oil and salt are added by the machine itself.（此处用 machine 明确施动者）
错误表达
正确表达
解析
The glasses is cnnected t a cmputer.
The glasses are cnnected t a cmputer.
glasses（眼镜）为复数形式，谓语用 are，不用 is。
A radi message was send in 1901.
A radi message was sent in 1901.
被动语态中 be + 过去分词，send 的过去分词为 sent，不是原形 send。
Huses can made by the 3D printer.
Huses can be made by the 3D printer.
含情态动词的被动语态为 can + be + dne，不能省略 be。
主动句
时态/形式
被动句
Peple cnnect a camera t the glasses.
一般现在时
A camera is cnnected t the glasses.
Smart Ck made hundreds f dishes.
一般过去时
Hundreds f dishes were made by Smart Ck.
The 3D printer can make huses.
含情态动词
Huses can be made by the 3D printer.
Alexander Bell invented the telephne in 1876.
一般过去时
The telephne was invented by Alexander Bell in 1876.
Peple shuld design mre smart prducts.
含情态动词
Mre smart prducts shuld be designed.