初中英语鲁教版（五四学制）（2024）九年级全册（2024）Section B课后测评

这是一份初中英语鲁教版（五四学制）（2024）九年级全册（2024）Section B课后测评试卷主要包含了学习目标，重点，难点，字词与词汇，语法与句型，学习支架，知识要点，典型例题等内容，欢迎下载使用。
鲁教版九年级英语上册 (pp.19)
第一部分：知识点讲义
一、学习目标
1. 能够理解并运用发明类文章的基本写作结构（三段式：发明简介→发明过程→发明影响）。
2. 能够运用核心词汇 inventin, inventr, challenge, effect, be respnsible fr, lead t 等进行写作信息收集。
3. 能够在写作中正确使用被动语态描述发明的发明者、材料、时间和影响。
4. 能够根据3b的信息收集表，完成3c的写作任务，写出结构清晰、语言准确的发明介绍文章。
二、重点
1. 发明类文章的三段式写作结构及其信息组织方式。
2. 核心词汇与短语：inventin, inventr, challenge, effect, be made f/frm, be respnsible fr, lead t。
3. 被动语态在发明类写作中的综合运用：was/were invented by, was/were made f/frm。
4. 写作信息收集策略：利用表格框架有序收集和组织写作素材。
三、难点
• 在写作中正确、自然地运用被动语态描述发明。
• 区分 be made f 与 be made frm 的用法，并在写作中准确使用。
• 将零散的信息点组织成结构完整、逻辑连贯的文章。
• 运用 be respnsible fr 和 lead t 表达发明的影响和意义。
四、字词与词汇
五、语法与句型
【核心句型】
1. 描述发明的发明者和时间：
___ was invented by ___ in ___.
The light bulb was invented by Thmas Edisn in 1879.
2. 描述发明的原因：
It was invented because ___.
It was invented because peple needed light at night.
3. 描述发明的材料：
It was made f / frm ___.
It was made f metal and glass.
4. 描述发明过程中遇到的困难：
The inventr had difficulties in ___.
The inventr had difficulties in finding the right material.
5. 描述发明的影响：
The inventin was respnsible fr / led t ___.
The inventin was respnsible fr changing the way peple live.
The inventin led t great prgress in cmmunicatin.
【易错辨析】
六、学习支架
【发明类文章写作框架】
【写作信息收集表（3b模板）】
七、知识要点
要点1：发明类文章的三段式写作结构
教材3a提供了一个清晰的三段式写作框架。第一段介绍发明物（What）、发明者（Wh）和发明原因（Why）；第二段描述发明过程中遇到的挑战（challenges）和发明方式（Hw）；第三段说明发明时间及其影响（effect）。这种结构逻辑清晰，适合中考英语写作中常见的“介绍类”话题。教材p.19的3a表格为写作提供了清晰的思维框架。
要点2：be made f 与 be made frm 的区别
两者都表示“由……制成”，区别在于：be made f 表示制成品中可以看出原材料（如 The table is made f wd.）；be made frm 表示制成品中看不出原材料（如 Paper is made frm wd.）。在描述发明时，需根据材料特性选择正确的表达。
要点3：be respnsible fr 与 lead t 的用法
be respnsible fr 意为“对……负责；是……的原因”；lead t 意为“导致”，后接名词或动名词。两者都用于描述发明带来的影响，但侧重点不同：be respnsible fr 强调因果关系，lead t 强调发展过程。
要点4：被动语态在发明类写作中的综合运用
描述发明时大量使用被动语态：was/were invented by（被……发明）、was/were made f/frm（由……制成）、was/were used fr（被用来做……）。这些被动语态结构是发明类写作的核心语法。
要点5：写作信息收集策略
3b提供了一个系统的信息收集策略：先选择一个伟大发明，然后按表格逐项收集信息。这种策略帮助学生有序地组织写作素材，避免遗漏重要信息点。收集时应注意使用完整的句子而非零散的关键词。
八、典型例题
【例1】
The paper was invented by Cai Lun ______ China ______ the Eastern Han Dynasty.
A. in; in B. in; during C. at; in D. at; during
【解答】B
【点拨】
考查知识点：介词搭配。解题依据：in China 表示“在中国”（大地方用in）；during the Eastern Han Dynasty 表示“在东汉时期”。其他选项排除：A in the dynasty 不够准确；C、D at 不用于大地方前。
【例2】
This kind f machine is made ______ steel and it is used fr cutting metal. (用所给介词填空)
【解答】f
【点拨】
考查知识点：be made f 与 be made frm 的区别。解题依据：机器由钢铁制成，制成品中可以看出原材料，因此用 be made f。
【例3】
用所给短语的适当形式完成句子：
(1) The cmputer ______ (invent) in the 20th century.
(2) Wine is made ______ (frm/f) grapes.
(3) The new technlgy ______ (lead t) great changes in farming.
【解答】(1) was invented (2) frm (3) led t
【点拨】
(1) 被动语态一般过去时，主语 The cmputer 为单数，故用 was invented。(2) wine 中看不出 grapes 原貌，用 made frm。(3) 根据语境用一般过去时 led t。
第二部分：同步练习
★ 基础巩固
一、单项选择（每题2分，共10分）
1. The telephne ______ by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.
A. invented B. was invented C. is invented D. has invented
2. Paper is made ______ wd, while the desk is made ______ wd, t.
A. f; f B. frm; frm C. frm; f D. f; frm
3. The inventin f the Internet was respnsible ______ great changes in cmmunicatin.
A. f B. t C. fr D. with
4. The inventr had great difficulties in ______ the right material fr the light bulb.
A. find B. t find C. finding D. fund
5. The new inventin led ______ a revlutin in agriculture.
A. t B. fr C. at D. in
二、首字母填空（每题2分，共10分）
6. Thmas Edisn was ne f the greatest i_________ in histry.
7. The scientist faced many c_________ during the research.
8. The inventin had a great e_________ n peple's daily lives.
9. The bridge is made f s_________ and cncrete.
10. The new technlgy will b_________ peple and sciety greatly.
三、用所给词的适当形式填空（每题2分，共10分）
11. The camera ______ (invent) in the 19th century.
12. Plastic is made frm ______ (chemistry) prducts.
13. The new plicy will lead t ______ (imprve) in educatin.
14. The ______ (invent) f the printing press changed the wrld.
15. This machine is easy ______ (perate) even fr beginners.
四、连词成句（每题2分，共10分）
16. invented / by / was / the / telephne / Bell / in / 1876
17. respnsible / was / fr / inventin / the / changing / the wrld
18. difficulties / in / had / the inventr / finding / materials / right / the
19. made / is / paper / frm / wd
20. the inventin / led t / great prgress / in / cmmunicatin
★★ 能力提升
一、单项选择（每题2分，共10分）
1. The inventin f the steam engine was respnsible ______ the Industrial Revlutin.
A. t B. fr C. f D. at
2. Althugh the inventr faced many challenges, he never ______ his dream.
A. gave up B. gave away C. gave ut D. gave back
3. Plastic can be made ______ many different shapes and sizes.
A. f B. frm C. int D. by
4. The effects f this inventin were far greater than anyne ______.
A. expected B. expects C. expecting D. has expected
5. Great inventins ften cme frm ______ prblems in daily life.
A. bserving B. bserve C. bserved D. t bserve
二、阅读理解（每题2分，共10分）
阅读下面短文，选择最佳答案。
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephne in 1876. At that time, peple culd nly cmmunicate by letter r telegram, which tk a lng time. Bell wanted t find a way t send vices ver lng distances.
Bell faced many challenges during his research. He had difficulties in making sund travel thrugh wires. He tried many different materials and designs. Smetimes the sund was t quiet; smetimes it was nt clear. But Bell never gave up.
Finally, Bell succeeded in making the first telephne. The inventin led t a revlutin in cmmunicatin. It was respnsible fr changing the way peple cmmunicate with each ther. Tday, the telephne has develped int smartphnes, which are an imprtant part f ur daily life.
1. Why did Bell invent the telephne?
A. Because he wanted t be famus.
B. Because peple needed a faster way t cmmunicate.
C. Because he liked science.
D. Because the gvernment asked him t.
2. What was the main challenge Bell faced?
A. Finding enugh mney.
B. Finding the right materials.
C. Making sund travel thrugh wires clearly.
D. Getting help frm ther scientists.
3. What des "never gave up" tell us abut Bell?
A. He was lucky.
B. He was patient and determined.
C. He had a lt f help.
D. He was already rich.
4. What did the inventin f the telephne lead t?
A. The end f letter writing.
B. A revlutin in cmmunicatin.
C. The inventin f the cmputer.
D. The develpment f the Internet.
5. What is the best title fr this passage?
A. The Histry f Smartphnes
B. Hw t Make a Telephne
C. Bell and His Great Inventin
D. Cmmunicatin in the 19th Century
三、选词填空（每空1分，共10分）
从方框中选词填空，每词限用一次。
inventin｜inventr｜challenge｜effect｜lead t｜be respnsible fr｜be made f｜be made frm
The light bulb is ne f the greatest (1) _______ in histry. It (2) _______ by Thmas Edisn in 1879. Befre the light bulb, peple used candles and il lamps, which were nt very bright and culd cause fires.
Edisn faced many (3) _______ during his research. He tried thusands f materials fr the filament befre he fund the right ne. The filament was (4) _______ a special kind f thread.
The light bulb (5) _______ great changes in peple's lives. It (6) _______ peple being able t wrk and study at night. Withut this (7) _______, mdern cities wuld nt be as bright as they are tday.
Edisn nce said, "Genius is ne percent inspiratin and ninety-nine percent perspiratin." This shws that a great (8) _______ must wrk hard and never give up. His light bulb was (9) _______ changing the wrld, and it cntinues t (10) _______ prgress tday.
四、写作（10分）
请根据以下提示，写一篇约80词的短文，介绍一项伟大的发明。
提示：1. 什么发明？谁发明的？什么时候发明的？
2. 发明者遇到了什么困难？
3. 这项发明有什么影响？
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
★★★ 拓展延伸
一、推断题（每题3分，共6分）
1. 教材3a中的写作框架将文章分为三段：简介、过程、影响。如果让你写一篇关于“移动支付”的文章，根据这个框架，以下哪个内容最适合放在第二段？
A. 移动支付是由中国的科技公司开发的。
B. 开发过程中需要解决安全问题和网络覆盖问题。
C. 移动支付导致现金使用量大幅减少。
D. 移动支付让人们的生活更加便捷。
答案：_______
2. 教材3b中提到"The inventr had difficulties in ___"。如果某发明者在研究过程中失败了100次才成功，从这句话可以推断出该发明者的品质是：
A. 聪明的，因为他最终成功了。
B. 幸运的，因为第101次成功了。
C. 有毅力的，因为他面对困难不放弃。
D. 富有的，因为他有足够资源失败100次。
答案：_______
二、写作结构分析题（4分）
阅读教材3a的写作框架，回答以下问题：
(1) 这个三段式框架中，哪一段最重要？为什么？（2分）
________________________________________________________________________________
(2) 如果缺少第二段（challenges & hw），文章会有什么不足？（2分）
________________________________________________________________________________
第三部分：参考答案
典型例题
【例1】B
【解析】
考查知识点：介词搭配。解题依据：in China（大地方用in）；during the Eastern Han Dynasty（在某个朝代/时期用during）。其他选项排除：A in the dynasty 不够准确；C、D at 不用于大地方前。
【例2】f
【解析】
考查知识点：be made f 与 be made frm 的区别。机器由钢铁制成，制成品中可看出原材料，用 be made f。
【例3】(1) was invented (2) frm (3) led t
【解析】
(1) 被动语态一般过去时，主语单数用 was invented。(2) wine 中看不出 grapes 原貌用 frm。(3) 语境为过去用 led t。
★ 基础巩固
一、单项选择
第1题：B
The telephne 与 invent 为被动关系，且时间为1876年，用一般过去时被动语态 was invented。A主动语态；C现在时被动，时间不对；D现在完成时主动。
第2题：C
paper is made frm wd（看不出原材料）；desk is made f wd（看得出原材料）。
第3题：C
be respnsible fr 为固定搭配。
第4题：C
in 为介词，后接动名词 finding。have difficulties in ding sth.
第5题：A
lead t 为固定搭配，意为“导致”。
二、首字母填空
第6题：inventrs
ne f the greatest 后接复数名词。
第7题：challenges
faced many 后接复数名词。
第8题：effect
have a great effect n 意为“对……有很大影响”。
第9题：steel
made f ___ and cncrete，材料为 steel（钢铁）。
第10题：benefit
will + 动词原形，benefit（有益于）符合语境。
三、用所给词的适当形式填空
第11题：was invented
被动语态，过去时，主语单数。
第12题：chemical
chemistry 的形容词形式，修饰 prducts。
第13题：imprvement
lead t 后接名词。
第14题：inventin
The 后接名词。
第15题：t perate
easy t d sth. 固定句型。
四、连词成句
第16题：The telephne was invented by Bell in 1876.
第17题：The inventin was respnsible fr changing the wrld.
第18题：The inventr had difficulties in finding the right materials.
第19题：Paper is made frm wd.
第20题：The inventin led t great prgress in cmmunicatin.
★★ 能力提升
一、单项选择
第1题：B
be respnsible fr 固定搭配。
第2题：A
give up 意为“放弃”，give away“赠送”，give ut“分发”，give back“归还”。
第3题：C
be made int 意为“被制成……形状/形态”。
第4题：A
were 为过去时，anyne 后接过去时 expected。
第5题：A
frm 为介词，后接动名词 bserving。
二、阅读理解
第1题：B
原文：peple culd nly cmmunicate by letter r telegram, which tk a lng time. Bell wanted t find a way t send vices ver lng distances.
第2题：C
原文：He had difficulties in making sund travel thrugh wires.
第3题：B
"never gave up" 表明 Bell 有耐心和毅力。
第4题：B
原文：The inventin led t a revlutin in cmmunicatin.
第5题：C
文章围绕 Bell 及其发明电话的过程展开，C 最全面。
三、选词填空
第1题：inventins
ne f the greatest 后接复数。
第2题：was invented
被动语态，过去时，单数。
第3题：challenges
many 后接复数。
第4题：made f
灯丝可看出原材料，用 made f。
第5题：led t
led t great changes 导致巨大变化。
第6题：was respnsible fr
是……的原因。
第7题：inventin
Withut this inventin 没有这项发明。
第8题：inventr
a great inventr 伟大的发明者。
第9题：respnsible fr
be respnsible fr changing the wrld。
第10题：lead t
lead t prgress 促进进步。
四、写作
Sample answer:
The Printing Press
The printing press was invented by Jhannes Gutenberg in the 1440s. It was invented because peple needed a faster and cheaper way t prduce bks. Befre the printing press, all bks were cpied by hand, which tk a lng time.
Gutenberg had difficulties in making mvable type that culd be used again and again. He tried many different materials befre he fund the right metal mixture fr the type.
The printing press was respnsible fr spreading knwledge acrss Eurpe. It led t great prgress in educatin and science. Withut this inventin, mdern sciety wuld nt be what it is tday.
【评分要点】
1. 内容完整（涵盖发明物、发明者、时间、困难、影响）——4分
2. 语言准确（语法、拼写正确，被动语态使用恰当）——3分
3. 结构清晰（三段式结构，逻辑连贯）——2分
4. 词数达标（约80词）——1分
★★★ 拓展延伸
第1题：B
第二段内容为“What challenges were met? Hw was it invented?”，选项B“开发过程中需要解决安全问题和网络覆盖问题”属于challenges，符合第二段定位。A属于第一段，C、D属于第三段。
第2题：C
失败100次仍继续，体现坚持不懈的品质（patient and determined）。A聪明不是主要品质；B与事实不符；D文中未提及。
写作结构分析题：
(1) 第二段（过程和困难）最重要。原因：①展示发明者努力精神和解决问题的过程；②连接第一段和第三段，承上启下；③提供最有价值的信息——成功背后的艰辛。
(2) 缺少第二段的不足：①文章不完整；②读者无法了解发明者如何克服困难，缺少深度和感染力；③缺少逻辑过渡，连贯性受影响；④无法突出发明者精神品质。单词
读音
词性
释义
例句
inventin
/ɪnˈvenʃn/
n.
发明；发明物
The telephne is a great inventin.
inventr
/ɪnˈventə(r)/
n.
发明者
Thmas Edisn was a great inventr.
challenge
/ˈtʃælɪndʒ/
n./v.
挑战
The inventr faced many challenges.
effect
/ɪˈfekt/
n.
影响；效果
The inventin had a great effect n peple's lives.
inexpensive
/ˌɪnɪkˈspensɪv/
adj.
不昂贵的
The inventin shuld be inexpensive.
perate
/ˈɒpəreɪt/
v.
操作；运营
It is easy t perate this machine.
benefit
/ˈbenɪfɪt/
v./n.
有益于；利益
The inventin benefits peple and sciety.
lead t
/liːd tuː/
phr.
导致；引起
The inventin led t great changes.
be respnsible fr
phr.
对……负责；是……的原因
The inventin was respnsible fr changing the wrld.
be made f
phr.
由……制成（可见原材料）
The bridge was made f steel.
be made frm
phr.
由……制成（不可见原材料）
Paper is made frm wd.
错误表达
正确表达
解析
The phne invented by Bell in 1876.
The phne was invented by Bell in 1876.
被动语态中 be 动词不能省略。
It is made frm steel. (可见材料)
It is made f steel.
made f 用于原材料可见；made frm 用于原材料不可见。
The inventin respnsible fr changes.
The inventin was respnsible fr changes.
be respnsible fr 中 be 不能省略。
lead great changes
lead t great changes
lead t 为固定搭配，t 不能省略。
段落
内容要点
关键句型
Paragraph 1（简介）
What was invented? Wh were the inventrs? Why?
___ was invented by ___ in ___. It was invented because ___.
Paragraph 2（过程）
What challenges were met? Hw was it invented?
The inventr had difficulties in ___. Finally, he/she succeeded in ___.
Paragraph 3（影响）
When was it invented? What was its effect?
The inventin was respnsible fr ___. It led t ___.
信息项目
收集句型
示例（电话）
发明名称
___ was invented by ___ in ___.
The telephne was invented by Bell in 1876.
发明原因
It was invented because ___.
It was invented because peple needed lng-distance cmmunicatin.
制造材料
It was made f / frm ___.
It was made f metal and wire.
发明困难
The inventr had difficulties in ___.
The inventr had difficulties in transmitting sund.
发明影响
The inventin was respnsible fr / led t ___.
The inventin led t mdern cmmunicatin.