仁爱科普版（2024）九年级上册（2024）Function学案及答案

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unit5 单元知识点梳理
仁爱科普版初中英语九年级上册 Unit 5 Science and Technlgy (pp.81-97)
一、核心词汇表
（一）科技项目与成就
（二）科技应用与生活
（三）清洁能源
（四）语法与构词
（五）其他核心词汇
二、核心短语
三、语法精讲
语法一：后缀 -ty 和 -ity
【规则】形容词 + -ty / -ity 构成名词，表示性质、状态或程度。-ty 常加在以辅音字母结尾的形容词后；-ity 常加在以辅音字母或特定后缀结尾的形容词后。
【注意】① able → ability（去e加-ity）；② safe → safety（去e加-ty）；③ curius → curisity（去us加-sity再变为-ity，实际拼写为curisity）；④ hnest → hnesty（直接加-y变-ty）。
【练习】
1. The ________ (safe) f self-driving cars is very imprtant.
2. With his ________ (curius), the scientist made a great discvery.
3. Her ________ (creative) in slving prblems surprised everyne.
4. We must face the ________ (real) f climate change.
5. There is a ________ (pssible) that AI will change everything. A. pssible B. pssibility C. pssibly D. impssible
语法二：定语从句(I)——关系代词 that 和 which
【规则】定语从句修饰名词或代词（先行词），由关系代词引导。当先行词是物时，关系代词用 that 或 which，在从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时可省略。
【注意】① that 和 which 指物时可互换；② 关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略；③ 以下情况只能用 that：先行词被序数词或最高级修饰、先行词是不定代词（如all, everything, anything等）、先行词既包括人也包括物时。
【练习】
1. This is the bk ________ tells us abut clean energy.
2. The satellite ________ was launched last year wrks well.
3. I knw the scientist ________ wrks n AI technlgy.
4. The rbt ________ I saw in the restaurant can serve fd.
5. This is the mst amazing technlgy ________ I have ever seen.（只能用that）
四、核心句型与翻译
【翻译练习】
1. 中国的高铁自2008年起就投入使用了。
2. 机器人服务员可以在餐厅为顾客上菜。
3. 这是我去年发射的那颗卫星。
4. 我们必须面对气候变化的现实。
5. 在人工智能的帮助下，医生可以更准确地诊断疾病。
五、易错点
易错点一：that 与 which 的使用区别
that 和 which 都可以指物，在大多数情况下可互换。但在以下情况中只能用 that：① 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰；② 先行词是不定代词（如all, everything, anything, nthing等）。
【练习】
1. This is the best bk ________ I have ever read. A. which B. that C. what D. wh
2. Everything ________ we saw in the museum was amazing. A. which B. that C. what D. wh
易错点二：关系代词作宾语时的省略
当关系代词 that 或 which 在定语从句中作宾语时，可以省略；但作主语时不可省略。
【练习】
3. The rbt (________) I saw in the restaurant can serve fd.（作宾语，可省略）
易错点三：后缀 -ty 与 -ity 的拼写变化
部分形容词加 -ty/-ity 时有拼写变化：safe → safety（去e加-ty）；able → ability（去e加-ity）；curius → curisity（特殊变化）；hnest → hnesty（直接加-y变-ty）。
【练习】
4. The ________ (safe) f passengers is the mst imprtant thing.
5. She has the ________ (able) t slve this prblem.
易错点四：定语从句中 what 不引导定语从句
what 不能引导定语从句，定语从句必须有先行词，而 what 本身就相当于"the thing that"，前面不能再有先行词。
【练习】
6. The technlgy ________ we use every day has changed ur lives. A. what B. that C. wh D. where
易错点五：renewable 与 renewed 的区别
renewable 表示"可再生的"，强调能源可以自然恢复、不会耗尽；renewed 表示"更新的、恢复的"，是过去分词作形容词。描述太阳能、风能等清洁能源时用 renewable。
【练习】
7. Wind pwer is a ________ energy. A. renewed B. renewable C. renewing D. renew
六、写作素材
（一）好词好句
【开头句】
• Technlgy has changed ur life greatly in recent years.
• With the rapid develpment f technlgy, ur lives have becme mre cnvenient.
【科技应用句】
• The Beidu Navigatin Satellite System helps us find ur way easily.
• In sme restaurants, rbt waiters serve fd t custmers.
• Self-driving cars are being tested n rads.
• Clean energy, such as slar energy and wind pwer, helps reduce pllutin.
【结尾句】
• In my pinin, technlgy makes ur life better and mre clrful.
• We shuld use technlgy wisely t create a brighter future.
• Technlgy is the key t a greener and smarter future.
（二）参考范文
Hw Technlgy Has Changed Our Life
Technlgy has changed ur life greatly in recent years. With smart phnes, we can cmmunicate with friends, make payments and surf the internet anywhere. The Beidu Navigatin Satellite System helps us find ur way easily. In sme restaurants, rbt waiters serve fd t custmers. Self-driving cars are being tested n rads.
Clean energy, such as slar energy and wind pwer, helps reduce pllutin and prtect the envirnment. AI can help us slve prblems and make life mre cnvenient. In my pinin, technlgy makes ur life better and mre clrful. We shuld use technlgy wisely t create a brighter future.
（三）写作练习
以 "Technlgy and Our Future" 为题，写一篇 80 词左右的短文，描述科技对未来生活的影响（可以从交通、能源、人工智能等方面写）。
【写作思路】开头点题（Technlgy has changed... / Technlgy will...）→ 中间展开（In transprtatin... / In energy... / AI can...）→ 结尾抒情（I believe... / We shuld use...）。注意使用一般现在时和一般将来时。单词
读音
词性
释义
例句
space statin
/speɪs ˈsteɪʃn/
n.
空间站
Chinese astrnauts can live and wrk in the Tiangng Space Statin.
radi telescpe
/ˈreɪdiəʊ ˈtelɪskəʊp/
n.
射电望远镜
China's FAST is the wrld's largest radi telescpe.
water diversin
/ˈwɔːtə(r) daɪˈvɜːʃn/
n.
调水；水利分流
The Suth-t-Nrth Water Diversin prject helps slve water shrtage.
high-speed rail
/haɪ spiːd reɪl/
n.
高速铁路
China's high-speed rail has been in use since 2008.
underwater tunnel
/ˌʌndəˈwɔːtə(r) ˈtʌnl/
n.
水下隧道
The Channel Tunnel is an underwater tunnel between England and France.
navigatin
/ˌnævɪˈɡeɪʃn/
n.
导航
BDS can prvide high-accuracy navigatin services.
satellite
/ˈsætəlaɪt/
n.
卫星
China launched the first Beidu satellite in 2000.
GPS
/ˌdʒiː piː ˈes/
n.
全球定位系统
BDS cmpetes with GPS in the glbal market.
achievement
/əˈtʃiːvmənt/
n.
成就
China has made great achievements in science and technlgy.
strategy
/ˈstrætədʒi/
n.
策略；战略
BDS is an imprtant part f China's develpment strategy.
单词
读音
词性
释义
例句
rbt
/ˈrəʊbɒt/
n.
机器人
Rbt waiters can serve fd t custmers in restaurants.
self-driving
/ˌself ˈdraɪvɪŋ/
adj.
自动驾驶的
Self-driving cars will be widely used in the future.
virtual reality
/ˈvɜːtʃuəl riˈæləti/
n.
虚拟现实
Virtual reality technlgy can create amazing experiences.
artificial intelligence
/ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃl ɪnˈtelɪdʒəns/
n.
人工智能
AI can help us slve prblems and make life easier.
cmputer prgram
/kəmˈpjuːtə(r) ˈprəʊɡræm/
n.
计算机程序
She is learning hw t write cmputer prgrams.
reduce
/rɪˈdjuːs/
v.
减少；降低
Clean energy can help reduce pllutin.
avid
/əˈvɔɪd/
v.
避免
Self-driving cars can help avid traffic accidents.
slve
/sɒlv/
v.
解决
AI can help us slve many difficult prblems.
develp
/dɪˈveləp/
v.
发展；开发
Scientists are develping new technlgies every day.
imprve
/ɪmˈpruːv/
v.
改善；提高
Technlgy has imprved ur lives greatly.
单词
读音
词性
释义
例句
clean energy
/kliːn ˈenədʒi/
n.
清洁能源
Clean energy des nt pllute the envirnment.
slar energy
/ˈsəʊlə(r) ˈenədʒi/
n.
太阳能
Slar panels can turn sunlight int electricity.
wind pwer
/wɪnd ˈpaʊə(r)/
n.
风能
Wind pwer uses wind t prduce electricity.
undergrund heating
/ˌʌndəɡraʊnd ˈhiːtɪŋ/
n.
地热能
Undergrund heating uses heat frm deep inside the Earth.
pllute
/pəˈluːt/
v.
污染
We shuld nt pllute the air and water.
electricity
/ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/
n.
电；电力
Slar energy can prduce electricity fr hmes.
renewable
/rɪˈnjuːəbl/
adj.
可再生的
Slar energy and wind pwer are bth renewable energies.
pwer statin
/ˈpaʊə(r) ˈsteɪʃn/
n.
发电站
A new wind pwer statin was built near the cast.
cmpete
/kəmˈpiːt/
v.
竞争
BDS cmpetes with GPS in the glbal market.
glbal
/ˈɡləʊbl/
adj.
全球的
BDS prvides glbal navigatin services.
单词
读音
词性
释义
例句
safety
/ˈseɪfti/
n.
安全
The safety f self-driving cars is very imprtant.
difficulty
/ˈdɪfɪkəlti/
n.
困难
They slved the difficulty with the help f AI.
pssibility
/ˌpɒsəˈbɪləti/
n.
可能性
There is a pssibility that rbts will replace sme jbs.
hnesty
/ˈɒnəsti/
n.
诚实
Hnesty is the best plicy.
creativity
/ˌkriːeɪˈtɪvəti/
n.
创造力
Her creativity in slving prblems surprised everyne.
natinality
/ˌnæʃəˈnæləti/
n.
国籍
What is yur natinality?
persnality
/ˌpɜːsəˈnæləti/
n.
性格
AI cannt replace human persnality.
curisity
/ˌkjʊəriˈɒsəti/
n.
好奇心
With his curisity, the scientist made a great discvery.
ability
/əˈbɪləti/
n.
能力
She has the ability t slve this difficult prblem.
reality
/riˈæləti/
n.
现实
Many things have becme a reality with technlgy.
单词
读音
词性
释义
例句
ancient
/ˈeɪnʃənt/
adj.
古代的
The Big Dipper has been used fr navigatin since ancient times.
experienced
/ɪkˈspɪəriənst/
adj.
经验丰富的
The experienced engineer designed the new bridge.
engineer
/ˌendʒɪˈnɪə(r)/
n.
工程师
Engineers build bridges, rads and machines.
depend n
/dɪˈpend ɒn/
短语
依赖；取决于
Many cuntries nw depend n BDS fr navigatin.
cme int use
/kʌm ˈɪntə juːz/
短语
投入使用
The new railway came int use last year.
put int use
/pʊt ˈɪntə juːz/
短语
投入使用
The new technlgy was put int use in 2020.
as a matter f fact
/æz ə ˈmætə(r) ɒv fækt/
短语
事实上
As a matter f fact, AI has changed ur daily life greatly.
with the help f
/wɪð ðə help ɒv/
短语
在……的帮助下
With the help f technlgy, we can d many things easily.
短语
释义
例句
depend n
依赖；取决于
Many cuntries depend n BDS fr navigatin.
develp new technlgies
开发新技术
Scientists are develping new technlgies every day.
put int use
投入使用
The new satellite was put int use last year.
cme int use
投入使用
The high-speed rail came int use in 2008.
cmpete with/against
与……竞争
BDS cmpetes with GPS in the glbal market.
pass n
传递
Teachers pass n knwledge t the next generatin.
slve prblems
解决问题
AI can help us slve many difficult prblems.
reduce risk
降低风险
Self-driving cars can help reduce the risk f accidents.
be freed frm
从……中解放出来
Wrkers are freed frm dangerus jbs by rbts.
as a matter f fact
事实上
As a matter f fact, BDS is used by mre than half f the wrld's cuntries.
cme int reality
成为现实
Many dreams have cme int reality with technlgy.
with the help f
在……的帮助下
With the help f AI, dctrs can diagnse diseases mre accurately.
can't wait t d
迫不及待做某事
The children can't wait t try the new rbt.
keep ding
持续做某事
Scientists keep wrking hard t develp new technlgies.
turn... int...
把……变成……
Slar panels can turn sunlight int electricity.
find ne's way
找到路；导航
BDS can help peple find their way anywhere.
be named after
以……命名
BDS is named after the Big Dipper.
run ut
耗尽；用完
Renewable energies will never run ut.
形容词
名词（-ty/-ity）
释义
教材例句
safe（安全的）
safety
安全
The safety f self-driving cars is very imprtant.
difficult（困难的）
difficulty
困难
They vercame the difficulty with the help f AI.
pssible（可能的）
pssibility
可能性
There is a pssibility that rbts will replace sme jbs.
hnest（诚实的）
hnesty
诚实
Hnesty is the best plicy.
creative（有创造力的）
creativity
创造力
Her creativity in slving prblems surprised everyne.
natinal（国家的）
natinality
国籍
What is yur natinality?
persnal（个人的）
persnality
性格
AI cannt replace human persnality.
curius（好奇的）
curisity
好奇心
With his curisity, the scientist made a great discvery.
able（有能力的）
ability
能力
She has the ability t slve this difficult prblem.
real（真实的）
reality
现实
Many things have becme a reality with technlgy.
关系代词
先行词类型
在从句中的作用
教材例句
that
物 / 人
主语 / 宾语
The bk that tells us abut clean energy is very interesting.
which
物
主语 / 宾语
This is the satellite which was launched last year.
that（作宾语，可省略）
物 / 人
宾语
The rbt (that) I saw in the restaurant can serve fd.
which（作宾语，可省略）
物
宾语
The technlgy (which) we use every day has changed ur lives.
中文
英文
中国天眼（FAST）是世界上最大的射电望远镜。
China's FAST is the wrld's largest radi telescpe.
北斗导航卫星系统可以为全球提供导航服务。
The Beidu Navigatin Satellite System can prvide glbal navigatin services.
自动驾驶汽车将来会被广泛使用。
Self-driving cars will be widely used in the future.
清洁能源不会污染环境。
Clean energy des nt pllute the envirnment.
太阳能和风能都是可再生能源。
Slar energy and wind pwer are bth renewable energies.
人工智能可以帮助我们解决许多难题。
Artificial Intelligence can help us slve many difficult prblems.
在机器人的帮助下，工人们从危险的工作中解放出来。
With the help f rbts, wrkers are freed frm dangerus jbs.
许多看似不可能的事情随着科技发展已成为现实。
Many things that seemed impssible have becme a reality with technlgy.
事实上，北斗系统已被全球超过一半的国家使用。
As a matter f fact, BDS is used by mre than half f the wrld's cuntries.
科学家们正在不断开发新技术来改善我们的生活。
Scientists are develping new technlgies t imprve ur lives.
常见错误
正确形式
This is the mst amazing technlgy which I have ever seen. (×)
This is the mst amazing technlgy that I have ever seen. (√)
Everything which we saw was wnderful. (×)
Everything that we saw was wnderful. (√)
常见错误
正确形式
The bk tells us abut clean energy I brrwed is interesting. (×，作主语不可省略)
The bk that/which I brrwed is interesting. (√)
The satellite that was launched last year wrks well. (×，作宾语不可省略——此处that作主语不可省)
The satellite that/which was launched last year wrks well. (√)
常见错误
正确形式
safe → safity (×)
safe → safety (√)
able → ableity (×)
able → ability (√)
curius → curiusity (×)
curius → curisity (√)
常见错误
正确形式
This is the bk what tells us abut AI. (×)
This is the bk that/which tells us abut AI. (√)
常见错误
正确形式
Slar energy is a renewed energy. (×)
Slar energy is a renewable energy. (√)