2026年高考英语二轮复习 话题12 著名人物 专项练习（教师版）

这是一份2026年高考英语二轮复习 话题12 著名人物 专项练习（教师版），共15页。试卷主要包含了5分)，5分,满分20分)，　　　　 ，【答案】 better等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题;每题2.5分,满分20分)
A
The utstanding bigraphy prtrays (刻画) the life f the cmplicated Renaissance (文艺复兴) artist in details. We can see Lenard da Vinci as nt nly an inventr f musical instruments and early flying machines, but als a ntebk keeper and vegetarian.
Yet what is mst thrilling is getting t knw Da Vinci, the scientist. Isaacsn explains lving science and applying the scientific methd t bserving the wrld made Da Vinci a great artist and a genius. Da Vinci was fascinated with bserving and understanding phenmena in nature. He wanted t knw abut everything arund him, in minute detail, Isaacsn writes. He wndered abut questins “mst peple ver the age f ten n lnger puzzle abut”— fr instance, hw the tngue f a wdpecker wrks.
T learn abut the wrld, Da Vinci cmbined his wn bservatins with experimentatin. Never frmally schled, “He preferred t induce (归纳) frm experiments rather than deduce (推理) frm theretical principles,” Isaacsn explains. He recrded his bservatins, lked fr patterns amng them, and then tested thse patterns thrugh additinal bservatin and experimentatin.
When he became fascinated with the idea that he culd invent flying machines, he bserved varius birds and filled ntebks with the functin and speed at which their wings flapped. That’s why Isaacsn calls Da Vinci an exemplar f this scientific methd. He ges n, “Galile Galilei, brn 112 years after Lenard, is usually credited with being the first t develp this kind f apprach and is ften regarded as the father f mdern science.” There can be n dubt that this hnr wuld have been bestwed (授予) n Lenard da Vinci wh had published his scientific writings during his lifetime.
Da Vinci’s emphasis n empirical bservatin als helped him imprve his art. First, he was able t use what he learned frm lking at nature t paint and draw. His studies f the bdy, animals, mtin, shadw and light, perspective and prprtin helped him better understand what he was seeing in frnt f him, and render(表现) it in art mre accurately and finely than anyne else f his time. Mst imprtantly, his ability t cnnect art and science helped him innvate in his wrk. Da Vinci made surprisingly diverse series f discveries, including cnceptualizing the helicpter and slar pwer. This genius is als what drew Isaacsn t Albert Einstein as the subject: They’re all innvatrs wh were inspired by and drew cnnectins between art and science.
“Lenard da Vinci is the ultimate example f the main theme f my previus bigraphies: Hw the ability t make cnnectins acrss disciplines — arts and sciences, humanities and technlgy — is a key t innvatin, imaginatin, and genius,” Isaacsn writes. And this wnderful bk is a reminder, in a time f increasingly narrw specializatin and fcus, that the methds f Renaissance men like Da Vinci are as relevant as ever.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了达·芬奇成为一位伟大的艺术家的真正原因是他热爱科学并运用科学的方法观察世界。
( )1.What is the highlight f Da Vinci’s bigraphy?
[A]His unfinished paintings.
[B]His preference fr vegetables.
[C]His spirit f explring science.
[D]His ppsitin t frmal educatin.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句可知,达·芬奇传记的亮点是他探索科学的精神。故选C。
( )2.Why des Isaacsn mentin Galile Galilei in the bk?
[A]T intrduce his imprtant findings in science.
[B]T illustrate the significance f Da Vinci’s research methd.
[C]T shw the challenges faced by Da Vinci during his lifetime.
[D]T memrize his cntributins as the father f mdern science.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“He ges n, ‘Galile Galilei, brn 112 father f mdern science.’”可推知,Isaacsn在书中提到伽利略·伽利雷是为了说明达·芬奇的研究方法的意义。故选B。
( )3.Which f the fllwing statements is true?
[A]Da Vinci imprved his art and drew mre accurately by painting mstly in the natural wrld.
[B]The methds f Renaissance men like Da Vinci can still apply t cntemprary scientific research.
[C]Albert Einstein is as famus as Da Vinci fr cmbining art with science.
[D]Da Vinci failed t publish his scientific writing because the scientific methd was inaccessible at that time.
【答案】 B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知,像达·芬奇这样文艺复兴时期的人的方法仍然适用于当代的科学研究,B项陈述是正确的。故选B。
( )4.What might be the best title fr the passage?
[A]Hw a Genius Changed the Wrld
[B]The Features f Renaissance Art
[C]Hw Science Shaped His Art
[D]The Cmparisn Between Art and Science
【答案】 C
【解析】 标题归纳题。根据第二段中的“Isaacsn great artist and a genius.”并通读全文可知,热爱科学并运用科学的方法观察世界,正是达·芬奇成为一位伟大的艺术家的真正原因。由此可知,C项 “科学如何塑造他的艺术”最适合作本文标题。故选C。
B
At the Paris 2024 Olympics,sprt climbing featured tw medal events fr men and wmen: Speed and a cmbined Bulder & Lead event.Behind the scenes,there is a crucial but ften unseen figure—Martin Hammerer,head f the experienced team respnsible fr the Lead rutes,wh has been setting rutes internatinally since 2007.
“The actual design tk place at the climbing wall.The Internatinal Federatin f Sprt Climbing (IFSC) preselected the material,which we then used t set the rutes,” Hammerer explained when asked abut his wrk in Paris.“We started with the finals—which were the highlights—and wrked backward t the semi-finals.After cmpleting a rute,we phtgraphed it,remved and stred the hlds fr later use.”
The fcus fr the rute setters is t ffer a challenging but als fair cmpetitin.Rutes fr the cmbined Bulder & Lead event were carefully designed t ensure that specialists in ne discipline didn’t have an unfair advantage.“Our aim is t ffer a balanced cmpetitin,” Hammerer said.“Fr the pdiums(领奖台),the athletes have t be really strng in bth disciplines.”
Rut esetting relies heavily n the team’s creativity.The style has changed ver the past 15 years,with tday’s rutes lser and mre dynamic.“The materials and structures have als changed greatly,” Hammerer said.“Every seasn we adapt t the athletes anew.”
Rut esetting used t be quite independent and greatly influenced climbing style.“But nw,federatins set training rutes fr athletes.When we see this n scial media,we get new input fr ur wrk,” Hammerer reflected.
As Hammerer nce said,“Climbers evlve,and s must we.” He cntinues t shape the future f climbing—ne rute,ne challenge,ne stry at a time.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了2024年巴黎奥运会攀岩比赛背后的关键人物——Martin Hammerer,他负责设计攀岩比赛的路线,并详细描述了他的工作内容、设计理念以及攀岩路线设置的发展变化。
( )5.What des Hammerer d?
[A]He cmpetes in sprt climbing events.
[B]He caches athletes fr the Olympics.
[C]He designs rutes fr sprt climbing.
[D]He judges climbing cmpetitins.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知,在幕后,有一个关键但往往不为人知的人物——Martin Hammerer,他是负责Lead路线的经验丰富的团队负责人,自2007年以来一直在国际上制定路线。由此可知,Hammerer是设计攀岩运动路线的,故选C。
( )6.What is Paragraph 2 mainly abut?
[A]The materials used fr rute setting.
[B]The prcess f setting climbing rutes.
[C]The criteria fr rutes f varied levels.
[D]The lcatin selected fr rute setting.
【答案】 B
【解析】 段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知,Hammerer在本段主要解释了攀岩路线是怎样设计的。由此可知,第二段主要介绍了设置攀岩路线的过程,故选B。
( )7.Hw did Hammerer’s team achieve their aim?
[A]By balancing innvatin and adaptatin.
[B]By sticking t federatins’ training rutes.
[C]By prmting their cncept thrugh scial media.
[D]By disciplining themselves t fllw strict guidelines.
【答案】 A
【解析】 推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知,路线设置在很大程度上依赖于团队的创造力,并且每个赛季都会重新适应运动员。由此可知,Hammerer的团队通过平衡创新和适应来实现他们的目标,故选A。
( )8.What message des Hammerer cnvey in the last paragraph?
[A]Practice makes perfect.
[B]Change is the nly cnstant.
[C]Slw and steady wins the race.
[D]Actins speak luder than wrds.
【答案】 B
【解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,Hammerer在最后一段中传达的信息是“变化是唯一不变的”,攀岩者与时俱进,他们也必须如此,要不断创新和适应,故选B。
Ⅱ.七选五(共5小题;每题2.5分,满分12.5分)
Thedre Rsevelt tk a firm apprach t life,summarized as “d what yu can with what yu have”.He never accepted the belief that smething was impssible.Every dream can be cmpleted.All yu need t d is make a start.Here are sme life lessns frm Thedre Rsevelt.
D nt make excuses fr nt ding smething.When yu are chasing success,dn’t give yurself excuses.1. There is always an alternative way f appraching a prject but giving up is nt ne f thse alternatives,as n quitters achieve success.They shuld cntinuusly find ways f ding anything.
2. Achieving success thrugh wrk t find different ways f ding a task r vercming a barrier will make yu feel gd.Yur cnfidence will g up,and yu will feel able t tackle whatever else cmes alng.
Stick t self-discipline.Frcing self-discipline n yurself,yu remve indecisin and replace it with purpsefulness.Als,self-discipline will help yu rganize yur thughts and plans mre effectively.3.
Learn t be psitive.4. Even in the negative experiences,there are lessns t be learned and experiences t stre away fr the future.Als,yu need t appreciate yur successes.Every small success will add t yur psitive image f yurself.Be prud f yur achievements.
Spare sme leisure time.Avid the risk f burning ut.Instead,maintain a balance between wrk and relaxatin.An verly heavy wrklad can drag a persn dwn,leading t mental health issues.5. Switch ff frm wrk cmpletely when yu are relaxing,and yu will be a happier persn.
A.We shuld see the psitive in everything.
B.Wrk hard effectively when yu are at wrk.
C.Making the best f what yu are given is inspiring.
D.Frcing self-discipline can invlve a measure f sacrifice.
E.Instead,give all the reasns fr setting ut t cmplete the task.
F.Knwing what t d,yu will intrduce mre discipline int yur life.
G.Yu might miss ut n a fantastic success just because yu are scared.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了西奥多·罗斯福的人生理念。
1.【答案】 E
【解析】 根据设空处前的内容可知,不要为不做某事找借口。当你追逐成功时,不要给自己找借口。E项与上文形成对比,强调不要找借口,而要找完成任务的理由,上下文逻辑紧密,符合语境。故选E。
2.【答案】 C
【解析】 根据设空处后的内容可知,通过工作找到完成任务或克服障碍的不同方法来取得成功会让你感觉良好。C项强调了要充分利用你所拥有的,与下文努力工作取得成功的内容相呼应,符合语境。故选C。
3.【答案】 F
【解析】 根据设空处前面的一句可知,自律会帮助你更有效地整理你的思绪和计划。F项承接上文,揭示自律与计划能力的正反馈机制,上下文逻辑连贯,符合语境。故选F。
4.【答案】 A
【解析】 根据段首主题句可知,本段主要是在讲学会积极向上。再根据设空处后的内容可知,要从负面的经历中看到积极的一面。A项点明了要保持积极的态度,符合语境。故选A。
5.【答案】 B
【解析】 根据设空处前的内容可知,过重的工作量会拖垮一个人,导致心理健康问题。再根据设空处后的内容可知,当你放松的时候,完全放下工作,你会成为一个更快乐的人。由此可知,设空处应与工作时努力工作相关,B项符合语境。故选B。
Ⅲ.语法填空(共10小题;每题1.5分,满分15分)
Wh is the greatest teacher in Chinese histry? Many peple wuld think f Cnfucius,1. birthday was n September 28.Althugh he lived ver 2,000 years ag,peple still remember and respect him fr his cntributins t the educatin tday.
Cnfucius lived in the Lu State,which 2. (lie) in Shandng Prvince.He lived during the Spring and Autumn Perid.He had a hard 3. (child).His father died when he was nly three.His mther brught him up.As a child,he had t wrk t help his mther.But yung Cnfucius didn’t give 4. studying.He visited many 5. (fame) teachers and learned music,histry,petry,sprts and s n.
Later,he became a teacher and started the 6. (ne) public schl in Chinese histry.At that time nly children frm rich 7. (family) culd g t schl.But Cnfucius believed 8. everyne shuld g t schl if they wanted t learn.He had abut 3,000 students in his lifetime.
Tday,peple still fllw the teachings f Cnfucius.He tld us that we all have smething wrthy t be 9. (learn).“When I am with three peple,ne f them must be 10. (gd) than me in sme areas.I chse their gd qualities and fllw them.”
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了孔子的生平和他在教育以及思想方面对社会的贡献。
1.【答案】 whse
【解析】 考查定语从句。分析句子可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Cnfucius,指人,且由空后的birthday可知,此处作定语,应用whse。故填whse。
2.【答案】 lies
【解析】 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知,此处作定语从句的谓语,结合句意可知,此处陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时;主语Lu State为单数名词,所以用动词第三人称单数形式。故填lies。
3.【答案】 childhd
【解析】 考查名词。由空前hard为形容词可知,此处为名词childhd “童年”作宾语。故填childhd。
4.【答案】 up
【解析】 考查固定搭配。分析句子可知,此处为固定搭配give up ding sth“放弃做某事”。故填up。
5.【答案】 famus
【解析】 考查形容词。由空后teachers为名词可知,此处应用形容词famus“著名的”作定语修饰该名词。故填famus。
6.【答案】 first
【解析】 考查序数词。根据句意以及空前定冠词the可知,此处应填序数词first,构成the first“第一个”,修饰后面的名词public schl。故填first。
7.【答案】 families
【解析】 考查名词复数。根据句意可知,此处为表示“富裕家庭的孩子才能上学”,不止一个家庭,所以此处应用名词复数。故填families。
8.【答案】 that
【解析】 考查宾语从句。分析句子可知,此处为从属连词that引导的宾语从句,that在从句中不作成分,无实义,只起到连接作用。故填that。
9.【答案】 learned/learnt
【解析】 考查动词不定式的被动语态。分析句子可知,此处为动词不定式作后置定语修饰smething,smething和动词learn为被动关系,所以此处为不定式的被动语态,learn的过去分词为learned/learnt。故填learned/learnt。
10.【答案】 better
【解析】 考查形容词比较级。由空后than可知,此处应用形容词比较级。故填better。
语篇清障
[构词法]
1.unseen adj.看不见的,未看见的
2.semi-finaln.半决赛
3.ensurev.确保,保证
4.specialistn.专家
5.unfairadj.不公平的,不公正的
6.quittern.轻易放弃的人,半途而废的人
7.summarizev.总结,概述
8.indecisinn.优柔寡断,犹豫不决
9.purpsefulnessn.目的性,意志坚强
[长难句分析]
“ Internatinal Federatin f Sprt Climbing (IFSC) preselected the material,①which we then used t set the rutes,” Hammerer explained ②when asked abut his wrk in Paris.
尝试分析:本句是主从复合句。①是which引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the material;②为when(省略了he was)引导的时间状语从句。
自主翻译:在被问及他在巴黎的工作时,哈默尔解释道:“……国际攀岩运动联合会(IFSC)预先选择了材料,然后我们使用这些材料来设置路线。”