2025-2026学年沪教版（五四学制）八年级英语下册期末英语测试卷含答案

这是一份2025-2026学年沪教版（五四学制）八年级英语下册期末英语测试卷含答案，共13页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Part 2 Grammar and vcabulary
第二部分 语法与词汇
II. 语法填空 （10题，每题1分，共10分）
When I was a child, I lved explring the wds behind my huse. One day, I fund an ld, dusty map in my grandfather's attic. He tld me that smene had hidden a small wden bx smewhere in the frest, but he didn't tell me exactly ___1___ t find it. I decided ___2___ n a treasure hunt alne.
Fr weeks, I searched every crner. I ___3___ many trees and crssed the same stream cuntless times, yet the bx remained undiscvered. Finally, n my ___4___ attempt, I saw smething shining under a large rck. T my surprise, it was a small metal key! At that mment, I realized the map was nt abut finding treasure but abut the jy f the jurney ___5___.
When I returned hme, I shwed the key t my grandfather. He laughed and said, "That key has been in ur family fr fifty years, and nw it ___6___ t yu." I asked what it pened. He smiled and replied, "G back tmrrw and lk fr the ld well." The next mrning, I ran t the well. ___7___ beautiful the mrning light was! There, hidden in a gap, was a bx. My heart raced as I unlcked it. Inside lay a cllectin f ld letters and phts. They ___8___ carefully by my great-grandmther during the war. "Yu must ___9___ these stries t the next generatin," my grandfather said. I have kept that prmise, and nw I understand that sme adventures ___10___ change a persn frever.
1. A. what B. hw C. where
2. A. g B. ging C. t g
3. A. climbed B. climb C. have climbed
4. A. three B. third C. the third
5. A. itself B. himself C. urselves
6. A. give B. is given C. was given
7. A. What B. What a C. Hw
8. A. were saved B. saved C. have saved
9. A. pass B. must pass C. t pass
10. A. can B. must C. shuld
III. 选词填空
方框内单词：（每题2分，共10分）
A. suddenly B. discvery C. valuable D. changed E. traditinal
In a small village in China’s Yunnan Prvince, lcal farmers made an unexpected ___1___ while wrking in the muntains. Deep inside a hidden cave, they fund a cllectin f ancient bamb slips (竹简) cvered with Chinese characters. These slips, later identified as recrds frm the Han Dynasty, prvide a ___2___ windw int the plitical and ecnmic life f that perid. Histrians believe that this finding has cmpletely ___3___ their understanding f early trade rutes in suthern China. Fr centuries, lcal peple had fllwed ___4___ farming methds passed dwn by their ancestrs, never knwing what lay beneath their feet. When the news spread, schlars frm acrss the cuntry rushed t the village t study the relics. ___5___, the village became a center f archaelgical attentin, bringing new pprtunities and challenges t the quiet cmmunity.
IV. 词性转换（8题，每题1分，共8分）
阅读下面短文，根据语境和括号内所给单词的提示，在空白处填入其正确形式。
Have yu ever heard f Byan Slat? At the age f 16, while diving in Greece, this ______1 (Netherland) teenager was shcked t see mre plastic bags than fish in the sea. He decided t d smething abut it. After years f ______2 (hard) and research, he designed a special system t clean up cean plastic. Unlike ______3 (traditin) methds that used nets and ships, his system uses the natural mvement f cean currents. It is much ______4 (cheap) and mre efficient than ther plans.
Many peple tld him it was ______5 (pssible) fr a teenager t slve such a big prblem. Hwever, Byan didn't give up. He left university at 18 t start his wn rganizatin called The Ocean Cleanup. His ______6 (excite) idea sn attracted hundreds f vlunteers and engineers frm arund the wrld. They wrked tgether t make his dream cme true. In 2018, at the age f 24, Byan successfully launched the first cleaning system int the Pacific Ocean. The system can cllect plastic waste by ______7 (it) withut harming sea animals. Tday, Byan's inventin has remved millins f kilgrams f plastic frm the cean. His stry teaches ______8 (we) that age is never an excuse t stp trying. Anyne can make a difference if they have the curage t act.
V.句型转换 (根据所给要求用适当的内容完成对话。)（每题 2 分，共 10 分。）
句转样题及命题规律:
Situatin: Dr. Ding frm the Jingzhunka(菁准考) Testing Team and Ms. Wang, a veteran questin designer, are
discussing hw t design new sentence transfrmatin(句型转换) items fr Shanghai junir high schl English
exams. Dr. Ding: Ms. Wang, ur team plans t develp a new questin type fr sentence transfrmatin. Ms. Wang: That's a great initiative! ______ 1 ______? (根据下文提问)
Dr. Ding: Its main gal is t better assess students‘ ability t use language flexibly in real cntexts. Ms. Wang: I see. S, we need t design items that are cntextualized. Dr. Ding: Exactly. Fr example, we can set shrt dialgues. ______ 2 ______? (根据下文提问)
Ms. Wang: Yes, we ften d. Using dialgues makes the test mre cmmunicative. Dr. Ding: Right. Nw, abut the difficulty level—shuld it be challenging?
Ms. Wang: ______ 3 ______. (给出否定回答并补充说明) We must cnsider the average student’s ability. Dr. Ding: Gd pint. Hw d we decide n the specific grammar pints t test?
Ms. Wang: We base them n the curriculum standards. Fr instance, transfrming active vice int passive vice is
a key pint. Dr. Ding: ______ 4 ______ t select thse key pints? (对方式提问)
Ms. Wang: We analyze past exam papers and textbk exercises t find the mst frequent and imprtant nes. Dr. Ding: That makes sense. Finally, hw can we ensure the new items are reliable and valid?
Ms. Wang: We need t pilt-test them. The trial papers ______ 5 ______ (保持与划线部分意思相近) befre the final exam. Dr. Ding: Thank yu fr yur insights. Let's make this new questin type bth effective and student-friendly.
第三部分 阅读（共46分）
VI.阅读理解（4篇，共46分）
A篇：七选五（5空，10分）
阅读下面五位学生的情况介绍，从方框中所给的A-G七个选项中，选择最合适的汉语习语描述，将其填入对应序号后的横线上。有两个多余选项。
B篇：阅读理解（6小题，每小题2分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
When Alexander Fleming discvered penicillin by accident in 1928, he had n idea that he had just changed the curse f medicine frever. Fleming, a Scttish scientist, was cleaning up his lab after returning frm a hliday. He nticed smething strange—a muld had grwn n a petri dish (培养皿) he had frgtten t clean. T his surprise, the bacteria arund the muld had been killed. "That's interesting," Fleming said t himself. He didn't thrw the dish away. Instead, he decided t take a clser lk at this unusual phenmenn.
Fleming grew the muld and fund that it culd stp many types f bacteria frm grwing. He named the substance "penicillin." Hwever, it was nt easy t turn penicillin int a medicine. Fr years, Fleming tried but failed t prduce it in large quantities. It was nt until Wrld War II that tw ther scientists, Hward Flrey and Ernst Chain, made a breakthrugh. They fund a lw-heat methd t prduce penicillin n a large scale. Vlunteers tested the medicine n themselves, and sn, penicillin was saving the lives f thusands f wunded sldiers.
Tday, penicillin is widely used in hspitals arund the wrld t treat serius illnesses like pneumnia (肺炎). T ne's surprise, this amazing discvery came frm a simple accident. Fleming, Flrey, and Chain were jintly awarded the Nbel Prize in 1945 fr their great cntributin t medical science. As Fleming nce said, "One smetimes finds what ne is nt lking fr."
1. Hw did Fleming discver penicillin?
A. He did experiments n electricity fr many years.
B. He fund it by accident while cleaning his lab.
C. He discvered it when he was testing a medicine n himself.
D. He fund it in a patient's bdy during an peratin.
2. What did Fleming d after nticing the strange muld?
A. He threw the petri dish away immediately.
B. He decided t take a clser lk at it.
C. He asked Flrey and Chain fr help.
D. He published his discvery in a bk.
3. Why culdn't Fleming turn penicillin int a medicine at first?
A. Because he didn't have enugh vlunteers.
B. Because penicillin killed bacteria t quickly.
C. Because he culdn't prduce it in large quantities.
D. Because the muld stpped grwing.
4. What methd did Flrey and Chain use t prduce penicillin?
A. A lw-heat methd.
B. A high-pressure methd.
C. An electricity-based methd.
D. A chemical reactin methd.
5. What can we infer (推断) frm Fleming's wrds "One smetimes finds what ne is nt lking fr"?
A. Scientists shuld never clean their labs.
B. Imprtant discveries ften happen unexpectedly.
C. Penicillin was Fleming's nly gal in his research.
D. Only accidents can lead t great discveries.
6. What is the best title fr this passage?
A. The Life f Alexander Fleming
B. Hw t Clean a Lab Prperly
C. An Accidental Discvery That Saved Millins
D. The Differences Between Bacteria and Muld
C篇：完形填空（6小题，每小题2分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Friendship is ne f the mst valuable things in life. A true friend is smene wh stays with yu whenever yu need help. When I was in junir high schl, I met a by named Le. He was ___1___ and caring. He always had a smile n his face. Unlike sme peple wh are bad-tempered r dubtful abut thers, Le trusted everyne. ___2___ I felt sad r cnfused, he wuld sit beside me and listen patiently.
One day, I failed a very imprtant exam. I felt terrible and wanted t give up. Le didn't say much. He just lked at me ___3___ he understd everything. Then he said, "Let's hang ut this weekend. Frget abut the exam." We went t the park and talked abut nvels, magical stries, and ur dreams. He tld me a jke that made me laugh until my stmach ___4___. "Yu see?" he said, "Life is nt just abut grades. Cheer up!" After that day, I decided never t let a failure bring me dwn.
Le was never mean t anyne. He believed in being a ___5___ —smene wh encurages thers t d their best. Whenever I had dubts, he wuld help me pack my tls—my curage and hpe—and start ver. Nw, whenever I ___6___ difficult times, I think f Le. He taught me that friendship is like a seed: if yu water it with care, it will grw int smething beautiful.
1. A. dubtful B. cheerful C. bad-tempered D. scared
2. A. Whenever B. Whatever C. Whever D. Hwever
3. A. s that B. even if C. as if D. in case
4. A. ached B. rse C. destryed D. survived
5. A. cheerleader B. nvelist C. vlunteer D. pineer
6. A. g ff B. cme acrss C. pick up D. stare at
D篇：回答问题（6小题，共12分，其中第1题1分，2-5题每题2分，第5题为个人观点题3分）
阅读下面短文，然后根据要求回答问题。
Smartwatches have becme ppular amng teenagers. These wearable devices can d much mre than just tell time. They can track yur steps, mnitr yur heart rate, and even guide yu with GPS. A new study shws that abut ne in five teenagers nw wns a smartwatch. These devices are ften paired with a smartphne t receive messages and calls.
Hwever, sme experts are raising cncerns. Dr. Emily White, a child psychlgist, says, "Fr sme teenagers, the cnstant reminders t 'stand up' r 'breathe' can increase anxiety rather than prmte health." She als wrries abut the scial pressure. When a smartwatch tracks and shares yur fitness data with friends, it might turn exercise int a cmpetitin, which culd hurt self-esteem (自尊) fr thse wh are less active.
Despite these cncerns, many yung users find smartwatches very useful. Fifteen-year-ld Le says, "My smartwatch helps me fcus. It lets me see my messages at a glance withut picking up my phne and getting distracted by ther apps." The key, experts agree, is t use these devices as a tl, nt a master.
Task 1: Answer the fllwing questins based n the passage. (共9分)
1. Can a smartwatch track its user's heart rate? (一般疑问句)（1分）
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2. What can a smartwatch d besides telling time accrding t the passage? (What提问)（2分）
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3. When did the study mentined in the passage shw that ne in five teenagers wns a smartwatch? (When提问)（2分）
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4. Where des the scial pressure frm using a smartwatch cme frm accrding t Dr. White? (Where提问)（2分）
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5. Why des Dr. Emily White wrry that smartwatches might increase anxiety? (Why提问)（2分）
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Task 2: Persnal Respnse (3分)
6. D yu think smartwatches are a gd inventin fr teenagers? Please write dwn yur wn pinin and explain why. (Abut 30 wrds)
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第四部分 写作（共20分）
VII.中译英（3题，6分）
根据所给中文提示，将下列句子翻译成完整的英文句子。
1. 令我惊讶的是，这位科学家在她自己身上试验了这种新药。（t ne's surprise, test ... n neself）
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2. 不管是谁在自然灾害中受伤，救援人员都会尽快救出他们。（whever, natural disasters, rescue）
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3. 比起潮流服饰，我更喜欢舒适的装扮，因为时尚不应该是昂贵的。（, fashin, expensive）
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VIII.写作（10分）
从以下六个话题中任选一个，写一篇不少于80词的短文。可以是信件、邮件或普通短文。
- Art and artists
- Great inventins and discveries
- Mney
- Fashin
- Natural disasters
- Friendship
要求：
1. 紧扣话题，表达清晰；
2. 至少使用3个本单元所学词汇或短语（请在文中用下划线标出）；
3. 结构完整，语法正确。
题目： _________________________________________________
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参考答案
II. 语法填空
答案与解析：
1. B (hw) 连词（疑问词+不定式） 句意：他没有告诉我具体如何找到它。“hw t find it”作宾语。
2. C (t g) 非谓语动词（不定式） “decide t d sth.”固定搭配。
3. A (climbed) 一般过去时 描述过去发生的动作。
4. B (third) 数词（序数词） “my third attempt”表示第三次尝试。
5. A (itself) 代词 反身代词itself强调“旅程本身”。
6. B (is given) 被动语态 一般现在时被动，表示钥匙被传给我。
7. C (Hw) 感叹句 “Hw + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语”结构。
8. A (were saved) 一般过去时被动 信件和照片被曾祖母保存。
9. A (pass) 情态动词 must后接动词原形。
10. A (can) 情态动词 表示可能性“能够改变一个人”。
III. 选词填空
答案：1. B 2. C 3. D 4. E 5. A
IV. 词性转换答案：
1. Dutch 2. hardness 3. traditinal 4. cheaper 5. impssible 6. exciting
7. itself 8. us
V.句型转换答案
1. 答案： What is its main gal? / What is it aimed at?
答案： D yu ften use shrt dialgues?
3. 答案： Nt necessarily. / N, it shuldn‘t be t challenging.
4.答案： Hw d we decide
答案： must be tested
VI.阅读理解
A篇（七选五）
1. B 2. G 3. A 4. C 5. F
B篇（阅读理解）
1. B 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. C
C篇（完形填空）
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. A 6. B
D篇：回答问题1. Yes, it can. / 2. It can track yur steps, mnitr yur heart rate, and guide yu with GPS. / 3. The passage des nt mentin the specific time f the study. / 4. It cmes frm sharing fitness data with friends. / 5. Because the cnstant reminders t "stand up" r "breathe" can increase anxiety rather than prmte health. / 6. Yes, I think s. Smartwatches help teenagers stay fcused and track their health. Hwever, they shuld use them as a tl, nt a master, and avid cmparing fitness data with thers t much.
VII.中译英
1. T my surprise, the scientist tested the new medicine n herself.
2. Whever is injured in natural disasters, the rescuers will save them as sn as pssible.
3. I prefer cmfrtable utfits t fashinable nes because fashin shuldn't be expensive.
VIII.写作
写作示范范文（10分）
A True Friend
A true friend is smene wh is caring and cheerful. My best friend Anna is like that. Whenever I feel sad r cnfused, she never stares at me r is mean t me. Instead, she listens. One time, I failed a test and felt terribly upset. She tld me a jke, and sn I was ver the mn again. She is like a cheerleader wh always encurages me. Friendship is nt abut having fancy tls r packets f gifts. It's abut being there fr each ther. I feel lucky t have a friend like her.______ 1. James began t fall in lve with space technlgy at the age f 4. He likes t talk t his friends abut it. But his friends never understand what he says.
______ 2. David, a 9-year-ld by, has t take many after-schl classes. His parents believe they are gd fr him. But David thinks it's t much and things wuld becme wrse.
______ 3. Sunny thinks that wmen nly need t raise kids at hme while men just need t wrk hard t make mney.
______ 4. Anita is nt gd at math. She decides t d many exercises. Hwever, she desn't leave herself sme time t think abut them. S her math desn't seem t imprve.
______ 5. Jasn is a very clever by. He likes t try smething new. But he will give up as sn as he finds it difficult.
A. Lking at the Sky frm the Bttm f a Well. Peple say it when they want t talk abut smene with a clsed mind n things.
B. Playing the Qin t a cw. We use it t describe a situatin where smene talks t the wrng listeners r says smething that the listeners dn't understand.
C. Climbing Trees t Catch Fish. When smene climbs trees t catch a fish, he/she is taking the wrng ways t d smething.
D. Adding Feet t a Snake. It means that smething is destryed by verding r adding unnecessary things.
E. Adding Eyes t a Dragn. It means when writing r speaking, add bright wrds t the key pints in rder t make it mre lively.
F. Giving up Halfway. If things seem t challenging, sme peple will simply give up.
G. Giving the Seedlings a Hand. It means that if yu want yur plants t grw, yu shuldn't pull the seedlings r d t much because it will make things wrse.