【01-暑假复习】专题02 句子成分和基本句型 (初高中衔接) (学生版)-2025年新高一英语暑假衔接讲练 (译林版)

这是一份【01-暑假复习】专题02 句子成分和基本句型 (初高中衔接) (学生版)-2025年新高一英语暑假衔接讲练 (译林版)，共12页。
考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢
重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺
难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升
复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破
核心考点聚焦
考点一
八种句子成分
根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用，英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分等。
（一）．主语
表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。
(1)English is nt easy t learn well.(名词)
(2)They study in N.1 Middle Schl.(代词)
(3)Five plus five is ten.(数词)
(4)Ding exercises is a pleasure while making ne is hard wrk.(动名词)
(5)T study is my jb.(不定式)
（二）谓语
说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。
(1)He studies English very hard.(实义动词)
(2)Cllecting stamps is my hbby.(系动词)
(3)The girl lks beautiful in the new dress.(半系动词)
(4)I saw the flag n the tp f the hill.(感官动词)
(5)We have finished reading this task n time.(助动词＋实义动词)
(6)The little by can speak English fluently.(情态动词＋实义动词)
(7)He lked fr tw vivid stries.(动词短语)
（三）表语
表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当，位于连系动词之后，与连系动词一起构成句子的谓语。
(1)It’s easy t learn English well.(形容词)
(2)He turned teacher after schl.(名词)
(3)He is still at wrk.(介词短语)
(4)My wish is t becme a teacher.(不定式短语)
（四）宾语
指动作所涉及的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，位于动词或者介词之后。
(1)My daughter is playing the pian at nce.(名词)
(2)Why d yu fllw them?(代词)
(3)We are prud f being Chinese.(动名词)
(4)He wanted t leave here nw.(不定式)
(5)Our success depends n hw well we can cperate with ne anther.(从句)
(6)Shw me this way，please.(me作间接宾语；this way作直接宾语)
（五）宾语补足语
用来对宾语进行补充和说明，一般由名词、非谓语动词、形容词等充当。
(1)I find her easy t get alng well with.(形容词作宾语补语)
(2)Please keep the dg ut.(副词作宾语补语)
(3)We made him mnitr f ur class.(名词作宾语补语)
(4)Make yurself at hme.(介词短语作宾语补语)
(5)The dctr advised the patients t give up smking.(不定式短语作宾语补语)
(6)They caught the by cpying in the exam.(现在分词作宾语补语)
(7)He gt his leg brken while playing ftball.(过去分词作宾语补语)
（六）定语
对名词或代词进行修饰、限制或说明，一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、非谓语动词及句子等充当，位置可在所修饰的词之前，也可在所修饰的词之后。
(1)Here are tw red apples.(数词＋形容词)
(2)He likes tmat and egg ndles.(名词)
(3)The girl in red is Li Lei's sister.(介词短语)
(4)The girl playing the pian is my yunger sister.(现在分词短语)
(5)What d yu think f the bk bught frm the bkstre? (过去分词短语)
(6)He was the first t cme and the last t leave.(不定式)
(7)The lady wh is wearing a red dress is ur new teacher.(定语从句)
（七）状语
用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或整个句子等，一般由副词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语或句子充当。
Tired, he went t bed immediately. (形容词)
形容词作状语一般位于句首或者句末, 用来表示主语或宾语的特征或状态。
(2)He runs very fast.(副词)
(3)Withut his help，we culdn't finish the task ahead f time.(介词短语)
(4)He stpped t make attempts.(不定式短语)
(5)Seeing nbdy in，I lcked the dr and left.(现在分词短语)
(6)Brn in this beautiful twn，he wants t wrk here.(过去分词短语)
(7)He desn't like sap peras because they are bring.(状语从句)
（八）同位语
若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物，并且，句法功能也一样，那么，后一项称为前一项的同位语。
(1)Beijing，the capital f China，is in the nrth f China.(名词)
(2)Are yu three ready t start? (数词)
(3)The news that he wn the match is very encuraging.(从句)
There can't be any mistake in his passage. 他的文章不可能有任何错误。
考点二
八种基本句型
（一）. SV句式: 主语+谓语(不及物动词)
此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，这类动词叫作不及物动词，其后可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
Time flies. 时间飞逝。
I never stp. 我永不停止。
（二）. SVA句式: 主语+谓语(不及物动词)+状语
Chris and Tim wrk at a z. 克里斯和蒂姆在一家动物园工作。
This develpment did nt take place vernight. 这个发展不是一夜之间发生的。
（三）. SVO句式: 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语
这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词，所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语。
This can affect yur wrk. 这会影响你的工作。
Little children shuld nt wear masks fr a lng time. 婴幼儿不应长时间戴口罩。
（四）. SVOA句式: 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+状语
Andrew Mazleny is finishing his lunch at the bar. 安德鲁·马佐莱尼正在酒吧吃午饭。
We planted a lt f trees n the farm yesterday. 我们昨天在农场栽了很多树。
（五）. SVOO句式: 主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语
在这种句型中，直接宾语由表示“物”的名词来充当；间接宾语由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有buy，pass，lend，give，tell，teach，shw，bring，send等。
I will tell yu sme details. 我将告诉你一些细节。
It gives us a great feeling f peace. 它给我们一种非常平静的感觉。
【名师点津】常见的接双宾语的及物动词
(1)give, tell, teach, write, bring, lend, hand, shw, ffer, send等后的间接宾语可转换为介词t的宾语。
(2)buy, d, get, fetch, save, make, sing, chse等后的间接宾语可转换为介词fr的宾语。
(3)ask, answer, take, cst等无法改变结构形式。
This car cst me 2, 000 yuan fr the repair. 这次修车花了我两千元。
（六）. SVOC句式: 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语
此句型中的“宾语＋补语”称为“复合宾语”。
Yu can make a brm stand upright tday. 你今天可以让扫把立起来。
As a high schl student, I cnsider English a very imprtant subject. 作为一名高中生, 我认为英语是一门非常重要的科目。
（七）. SVP句式: 主语+连系动词+表语
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫作(连)系动词。系动词分两类：
（1）．表示状态。这类系动词有be，lk，seem，smell，taste，sund，keep等。如：
We are all students. 我们都是学生。
This kind f fd tastes delicius. 这种食物尝起来很可口。
（2）．表示变化。这类系动词有becme，turn，get，grw，g等。如：
All my hair turns grey.我的头发全都变灰色。
The tree has grwn much taller than befre. 这棵树长得比以前高多了。
注意：be 本身没有什么意义，只起连接主语和表语的作用。其他系动词仍保持其部分词义。
（八）. There be句型
There be句型表示“什么地方或什么时间存在什么事物”。there是引导词，be后面的名词是主语，句子的结尾是时间或地点状语。
【温馨提示】
(1)．There be句型中的主谓一致原则
当主语是两个或两个以上的名词或短语并列时，be的形式与之靠近的一个名词或短语保持一致。
(2)．There be句型中常用的动词
There be结构中的谓语动词be有时可以用seem t be，happen t be，is likely t be或半系动词remain，stand，lie，g，exist，fllw，live，cme，ccur等替换。
(3)．There be句型中动词的形式
There be结构有不同的时态的形式，而且可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。
考点一 句子成分
1．Nw that Jennifer culdn’t attend the meeting,______ her place?
A．wh d yu suggest that takeB．wh d yu suggest take
C．whm d yu suggest shuld takeD．wh yu suggest that takes
2．On Saturday afternn, Mrs. Green went t the market, ________ sme apples and visited her cusin.
A．bughtB．buyingC．t buyD．having bught
考点二 基本句型
1．Studying the histry f the cuntry will make yur visit mre enjyable.
A．主谓宾宾补 B．主系表状 C．主谓宾状 D．状主谓宾
2．The united Kingdm has a lng and interesting histry t explre, which can help yu understand much mre abut the cuntry and its traditins.
A．主谓宾状从 B．主系表定从 C．主谓宾定从 D．主系表状从
难点一 宾语补足语
1．The change wn’t make yu disappinted. (对划线部分进行句子成分划分)
A．谓语B．主语C．宾补D．直接宾语
2．At age 50, she fund herself ut f wrk and stuck at hme with nly her cmputer t keep her cmpany.画横线的部分在句子中作什么成分?
A．宾语B．宾补C．状语D．定语
难点二 定语
3．（24-25高一上·广东珠海·阶段练习）Our English teacher recmmended us a reference bk whse cntent was detailed and well-rganized. 请判断划线部分的句子成分：________
A．bject (宾语)B．attributive (定语)C．adverbial (状语)D．cmplement (补语)
4．指出句子 “I like the bk which has many pictures.” 中修饰 “bk” 的定语是什么。
5．请找出句子“The students frm Class Tw are very active.”中修饰“students”的定语是什么。
提升专练
单项选择
1．Nw that Jennifer culdn’t attend the meeting,______ her place?
A．wh d yu suggest that takeB．wh d yu suggest take
C．whm d yu suggest shuld takeD．wh yu suggest that takes
2．On Saturday afternn, Mrs. Green went t the market, ________ sme apples and visited her cusin.
A．bughtB．buyingC．t buyD．having bught
3．In the fllwing sentence, “Thinking abut ther peple’s situatins inspired me t ffer help.” what’s the subject?
A．situatins B．ther peple’s situatins
C．Thinking abut ther peple’s situatins D．Thinking abut
4．“Ireland’s beautiful cuntryside has always had a great influence n its peple and traditins.”其中这个句子的谓语是什么?
A．hasB．had
C．had a great influence nD．has had
5．Which part is bject cmplement (宾语补足语) f the sentence belw?
“I fund her crying in the garden.”
A．fundB．herC．cryingD．in the garden
6．Our English teacher recmmended us a reference bk whse cntent was detailed and well-rganized. 请判断划线部分的句子成分：________
A．bject (宾语)B．attributive (定语)C．adverbial (状语)D．cmplement (补语)
7．Xie Lei is studying fr a business qualificatin at a university in China and has cme t ur university n a year-lng exchange prgramme. 本句中at a university in China 做什么句子成分?
A．定语B．宾语C．状语D．主语
8．短语 “slwly and steadily” 在句子中一般充当________
A．主语B．宾语C．状语D．表语
9．What’s the subject cmplement in the sentence “The dr was painted white.”?
A．The drB．was painted
C．whiteD．Nne f them
10．In the sentence “We made the rm clean.”, the cmplement is _____.
A．WeB．made
C．the rmD．clean
11．What’s the bject in the sentence “I lve music.”?
A．I.B．lve.
C．music.D．Nne f them.
12．In the sentence “Lily reads bks every day.”, the subject is _____.
A．LilyB．reads
C．bksD．every day
13．“Walking in the park, a flwer caught my eye.” This sentence is wrng because the lgical subject f “Walking in the park” is nt the same as the subject f the sentence. The crrect subject f “Walking in the park” shuld be ______.
A．anyneB．a flwerC．the parkD．I
14．“The stry is exciting.” In this sentence, “exciting” is a present participle used as ______.
A．an attributiveB．a predicative
C．an adverbialD．an bject cmplement
15．Nw, walking alng the bluestne streets there, visitrs can appreciate the distinctive Huizhu - style huses featuring white walls, dark tiles (瓦片) and layered hrse-head rfs, and _______ they are immersed in a traditinal Chinese ink painting.
A．feel likeB．felt likeC．t feel likeD．feeling like
16．The schl adviser helped me chse the apprpriate nes.下划线部分是 成分.
A．状语B．表语C．间接宾语D．宾语补足语
17．The rganizers plan t imprve the rbts and pen the cafe ften t supprt jb creatin fr peple with disabilities.
划线部分在句中充当________
A．宾语B．表语C．状语D．宾语补足语
18．Thrugh these activities we teach students abut the imprtance f civic engagement and we make it fun fr students t be invlved in bettering their cmmunities.
划线部分在句中充当________
A．宾语B．表语C．状语D．宾语补足语
19．Which part is predicate (表语) f the sentence belw?
“Thugh we have knwn each ther fr many years, he still seems a stranger t me. ”
A．have knwnB．each therC．fr many yearsD．a stranger t me
20．What kind f phrase is the underlined part f the sentence “Eager t imprve farming cnditins, they tried ut this new crp n a large area.”?
A．Adjective phrase.B．Adverb phrase.
C．Nun phrase. D．Verb phrase.
21．Whitacre’s next effrt was the Virtual Yuth Chir fr UNICEF, which was first seen n stage n 23 July 2014 in the UK.
A．主谓宾状从 B．主系表状从
C．主谓宾定从 D．主系表定从
22．Her next gal is t start a charity website t raise mney fr children in pr cuntries.
A．主谓宾妆 B．主系表状
C．主谓宾宾补 D．状主系表
23．The first grup, the Rmans, came in the first century.
A．主系表状 B．主谓宾宾补
C．主谓宾状 D．主同位语谓状
24．The sentence structure f “Studying the histry f the cuntry will make yur visit much mre enjyable.” is _______.
A．SVOB．SVPC．SVIODOD．SVOOC
25．The bss ffered me a jb.（判断句子结构）
A．SP（主语＋系表结构）
B．SVIODO（主语＋谓语动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）
C．SVO(主语+谓语+宾语）
D．SVOC（主语＋谓语动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语）
26．He nticed a man enter the rm.（判断句子结构）
A．SP（主语＋系表结构）
B．SVOC（主语＋谓语动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语）
C．SVA（主语＋谓语动词＋状语）
D．SVIODO（主语＋谓语动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）
27．_______, s we had t stay at schl instead f ging fr an uting.
A．The day being cldB．Being a cld day
C．It was a cld dayD．Because the cld day
28．Which sentence has a different sentence structure (句子结构) frm the ther three?
A．He tld me t keep calm.
B．I saw her waiting at the bus stp.
C．I have sme questins t ask yu.
D．He help me have this washing machine repaired.
29．What is the main structure f the sentence “The weather has turned cld”?
A．S+VP（主语+系动词+表语）
B．S+V+O（主语+谓语动词+宾语）
C．S+V+O+OC（主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾补）
D．S+V+IO+DO（主语+谓语动词+直接宾语+间接宾语）
30．________fr a lng time, but he tried his best t make up fr what he missed.
A．Being illB．He was illC．Having been illD．T be ill
31．I fund mst f my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. ______ (分析句子成分)
A．S+V+OB．S+V+DO+IOC．S+V+PD．S+V+O+C
32．The sentence “He gave his sister a ty.” belngs t the structure f _____.
A．Subject + Predicate + Object
B．Subject + Linking Verb + Predicative
C．Subject + Predicate + Indirect Object + Direct Object
D．Subject + Predicate + Object + Cmplement
33．In the sentence “The flwer lks beautiful.”, the predicative is _____.
A．The flwerB．lks
C．beautifulD．Nne f them
34．Which f the fllwing sentences belngs t the Subject + Predicate structure?
A．He is a gd by.B．Birds fly.
C．She likes apples.D．My mther bught me a dress.
35．In the sentence “Lily reads bks every day.”, the subject is _____.
A．LilyB．reads
C．bksD．every day
36．Which f these sentences has a different sentence structure cmpared t the thers?
A．He tld us a funny stry.
B．Eric asked me t help him.
C．Cmputers are making ur life easier.
D．We fund it difficult t persuade him t change his mind.
37．Which ne f the fllwing sentences uses the sentence structure f“主+谓+宾+状”?
A．I find it impssible t finish the task in time.
B．They are talking abut the film at the meeting.
C．We have realized the imprtance f English.
D．I will tell my friends this exciting news.
38．“I drank a cup f cffee befre I left fr schl this mrning.”该句所属句子基本类型“________”。
A．主语+谓语+宾语+状语B．主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
C．主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语D．主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
39．句子成分分析正确的一项是：（ ）
He bught me sme interesting English nvels.
A．S＋V＋O+ AB．S＋V＋DO+ IOC．S＋V＋IO+ DOD．S+V+O+C
40．分析句子 “I find the mvie really interesting.” 的句子成分和结构。


41. 分析句子成分，选择正确的句子结构选项
A．SVA B．SVO C． SVP D．SVOC E. SV IO DO F. SV G. SVOA
The twn is three miles away.
Her father bught her a new bk.
I like playing cmputer games.
The accident happened yesterday afternn.
I find my teachers and classmates friendly and helpful.
42．分析句子 “There are sme beautiful pictures n the white wall.” 的句子成分和结构。


43．分析句子“He shwed his classmates his new bk just nw.”的句子成分和结构。


二、翻译
1．The meeting held yesterday was imprtant. （分析划线部分的句子成分及英译汉）
2．Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s fficial histrian, tld me that in its rush t mdernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much f its past, including many f its finest buildings. (分析句子成分及英译汉)
3．First annunced in April, 2016, the tax which applies t sft drinks cntaining mre than 5g f sugar per 100ml, was intrduced t help reduce childhd besity(肥胖). （分析句子成分及英译汉）
4．The questins abut increasing the emplyment being discussed at the meeting are f great significance.（分析画线部分成分并翻译句子）
being discussed作
翻译句子： .