高考英语二轮复习专题强化练习 四选一阅读强化练(九)　跨学科背景知识语篇（含答案）

这是一份高考英语二轮复习专题强化练习 四选一阅读强化练(九)　跨学科背景知识语篇（含答案），共12页。

(2023·泉州高三质检)
DNA testing is ne f mdern medicine’s mst significant breakthrughs.Tday, anyne can receive persnallized infrmatin abut their genes (基因) and ancestry with just a little saliva (唾液).Nw, a Seattle－based cmpany is wrking t bring equally deep analysis t the trillins f prteins within ur bdies.
Nautilus Bitechnlgy, a cmpany funded in 2016 by Seattle’s Sujal Patel and the San Francisc Bay Area’s Parag Mallick, is develping a device t identify and cunt 95% f the different types f prteins in a bilgical sample.
Human cells can cntain rughly 20，000 different types f prteins, with crucial functins ranging frm digestin t disease prtectin.Each cell has a varying amunt f each prtein.The cmpany wants t measure the key machinery (机制) inside cells with a level f detail that has never been dne befre.Existing tls, it says，can nly measure up t 8% f the different types f prteins in bld samples.
S why d peple cunt prteins? Research shws healthy cells and diseased cells have differing amunts and frms f each prtein.Fr example，cancer cells may have mre f Prtein A than Prtein B.Knwing that might help in tw ways.First，dctrs culd lk fr higher Prtein A levels t detect cancer early.Secnd，researchers culd better design drugs t target Prtein A.
Nautilus says such prtein measurements，which are unique t every persn and change thrughut peple’s lives, will nt nly help dctrs identify mre specific frms f disease but als help pharmaceutical (制药的) cmpanies find mre precise drugs with fewer side effects.
While ther cmpanies als are building new prtein analysis machines, experts and prspective custmers have expressed excitement ver Nautilus’s apprach.Mallick, chief scientist f Nautilus and the brain behind its technlgy, is cnfident.“It’s nt every day when yu wrk n smething that’s the pprtunity t change all f bilgy.”
【语篇解读】 本文是新闻报道。DNA检测是现代医学最重要的突破之一。现在一家总部位于西雅图的公司正致力于对我们体内数以万亿计的蛋白质进行同样深入细致的分析，其目的是帮助医生识别更具体的疾病形式并帮助制药公司找到副作用更小且对症治疗更精确的药物。
1.What is the Seattle－based cmpany ding?
A.Trying t cunt the amunts f bld cells.
B.Examining DNA fr persnalized infrmatin.
C.Develping a device t analyze peple’s prteins.
D.Revealing mre abut ur ancestries with DNA testing.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据第二段内容尤其是“is develping a sample”可知，这家公司正致力于开发一种能够分析人体中不同类型的蛋白质的设备。]
2.What makes the inventin f the device pssible?
A.Precise drugs are guaranteed.
B.Cell analysis techniques develp fast.
C.Prteins are much easier t be analyzed.
D.Prtein amunts and frms vary frm cell t cell.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Human cells can amunt f each prtein.”可知，人类细胞大约含有2万种不同的蛋白质，且每个细胞每种蛋白质的数量都不同，这就使得开发能够分析人体中不同类型的蛋白质的设备成为可能。]
3.In which area will the device be helpful?
A.Disease mnitring and machine design.
B.Disease detectin and drug develpment.
C.Disease preventin and targeted treatment.
D.Disease treatment and the preventin f side effects.
答案 B [推理判断题。根据第四段中的“First，dctrs target Prtein A”可知，这种设备一方面可以帮助医生寻找更高的蛋白A水平来提早发现癌症，另一方面有助于研究人员更好地设计针对蛋白A的药物，即有助于疾病的检测和药物的开发。]
4.Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A.Cmbining DNA Testing with Prtein Analysis
B.Setting a New Example f Medical Slutins
C.Creating Opprtunities fr Changing Bilgy
D.Analysing Prteins fr New Medical Breakthrughs
答案 D [标题归纳题。文章第一段最后一句话点明了主题，告诉我们一家位于西雅图的公司正致力于对我们体内数以万亿计的蛋白质进行深入的分析，文章后面几段围绕这一话题进行陈述并介绍了这样做的意义，即为新的医学突破进行人体蛋白质的分析，故选项D适合作文章的标题。]
(2023·济南高三统一检测)
Radicarbn dating has revealed tw fake (伪造的) paintings in France—prbably the first time the technique has been used in a plice investigatin.The paintings were suppsedly wrks frm arund the early twentieth century.But a team led by scientist Lucile Beck at the University f Paris－Saclay dated them t sme time within the past 70 years.
The use f radicarbn dating is gaining ppularity，thanks t advances that require smaller samples than ever befre.Remving tinier samples frm artwrks is becming mre palatable t museums and wners f paintings.If there is a chance that a painting is genuine—and therefre valuable—they dn’t want the cllectin f larger samples t damage it.
All living things take in carbn, including radiactive carbn－14, frm the atmsphere and fd.When a plant cmmnly used t make canvas (油画布) dies, the carbn－14 that it cntained cntinues t fall ff.Radicarbn dating measures what’s left t estimate the time that’s passed, says Mariaelena Fedi, a physicist at the Natinal Institute fr Nuclear Physics in Flrence，Italy.
Atmic－bmb (原子弹) testing, which began in the 1940s and tk ff in the 1950s, quickly increased the amunt f carbn－14 in the atmsphere.Carbn－14 peaked arund 1964 and went dwn after a partial ban n nuclear tests.Researchers can easily identify materials cntaining mdern bmb－prduced radicarbn because their carbn－14 cncentratins are higher than pre－1950s levels.Beck’s team tested its samples t see whether they bre the feature f that bmb－prduced radiactive carbn－14.
The canvas fiber frm the paintings clearly cntained carbn frm either the mid－1950s r after the year 2000, the researchers reprted.Beck acknwledged that, ideally, the team wuld d further chemical analysis t supprt its findings, but the researchers were limited by the tight time.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。利用碳定年法，法国警方发现了两幅赝品画。本文具体介绍了碳定年法的工作原理等相关信息。
5.What des the underlined wrd“palatable”in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A.Impressive. B.Acceptable.
C.Expensive. D.Difficult.
答案 B [词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“The use f ever befre”可知，由于技术进步，碳定年法需要比以往任何时候都更小的样本，这一方法越来越受欢迎。结合画线词所在的句子可知，从艺术品中提取更小的样本，对博物馆和画作所有者来说正在变得更容易接受。故画线词意为“可接受的”。]
6.Hw des radicarbn dating wrk?
A.By remving samples frm artwrks.
B.By requiring the smaller samples.
C.By measuring the carbn－14 left.
D.By testing the carbn in the sample.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据第三段尤其是该段尾句中的“Radicarbn dating measures what’s left t estimate the time that’s passed”可知，碳定年法通过测量剩下的碳14来估算时间。]
7.What can we learn abut atmic－bmb testing in Paragraph 4?
A.It prduces mre carbn－14.
B.It helps identify fake paintings.
C.It reduces carbn cncentratins.
D.It has been stpped cmpletely.
答案 A [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Atmic－bmb (原子弹) the atmsphere.”可知，20世纪40年代开始的原子弹试验迅速增加了大气中碳14的含量。]
8.Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A.Paintings waiting t be identified
B.Tw fake paintings fund in France
C.New technlgy in paintings becmes a hit
D.Radicarbn dating prves an anti－fake helper
答案 D [标题归纳题。本文首段主要介绍了利用碳定年法发现两幅赝品画这一事件，引出了本文主题，即碳定年法能判定真伪。由此可以推知，D项“碳定年法成了防伪助手”最适合作本文标题。]
(2023·云南高三质检)
In abut 23 years, it may finally be time t lk up.A recently discvered asterid (小行星) has a chance f hitting the earth n Valentine’s Day in 2046.It was discvered n Feb.26 at an bservatry in San Pedr de Atacama, Chile.
While the thught f an asterid hitting the earth may sund cncerning, Natinal Aernautics and Space Administratin (NASA) says peple shuldn’t be wrried.
The asterid has an estimated diameter f arund 160 feet, which is abut the same size as an Olympic swimming pl r the width f a ftball field.
“We’ve been tracking a new asterid named 2023 DW that has a very small chance f impacting the earth.Often when new bjects are discvered, it takes several weeks’ data t reduce the uncertainties and adequately predict their rbits years int the future，” NASA’s Planetary Defense Crdinatin Office (PDCO) said.
The asterid is ranked n the Trin Scale as Level 1 threat.The scale is a tl t categrize ptential earth impacts, with zer being n threat and 10 being smething that can cause a glbal disaster.One n the Trin Scale means 2023 DW is in the nrmal r green zne.
“Current calculatins shw the chance f cllisin (碰撞) is extremely unlikely with n need fr public cncern，” NASA says f the green zne.“New telescpic bservatins will very likely lead t reassignment t Level 0.”
Althugh 2023 DW desn’t pse a great risk t the earth, NASA has been cntinuing t wrk t defend ur planet frm any asterid that culd cause disasters.
In September, 2022, NASA crashed its Duble Asterid Redirectin Test spacecraft, r DART, int an asterid t see if it culd change the trajectry f the space rck.NASA later cnfirmed the missin was a success, and is cntinuing t research hw effective the methd is, shuld a massive asterid be headed ur way.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。美国国家航空航天局通过目前的计算显示，2023 DW小行星碰撞地球的可能性极低。
9.What des NASA’s PDCO say abut 2023 DW?
A.It is t clse t the earth.
B.It must be destryed in space.
C.Its rbit is still uncertain nw.
D.Its rbit shuld be changed.
答案 C [细节理解题。第四段说的是美国国家航空航天局的行星防御协调办公室认为，2023 DW新小行星撞击地球的可能性非常小；当发现新天体时，他们往往会通过几周的数据减少这些新天体的不确定性，并充分预测它们未来几年的轨道。由此可知，该部门认为2023 DW新小行星的轨道尚不确定。]
10.Hw is 2023 DW ranked n the Trin Scale?
A.As Level zer threat.
B.As Level ten threat.
C.In the nrmal zne.
D.In the threatening zne.
答案 C [细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The asterid is ranked n the Trin Scale as Level 1 threat.”和“One n the Trin Scale means 2023 DW is in the nrmal r green zne.”可知，2023 DW小行星在都灵等级中被列为1级威胁，且都灵等级中的1表示2023 DW处于正常区域。由此可知，2023 DW在都灵等级中被列入正常区域。]
11.What des the underlined wrd “trajectry” mean in the last paragraph?
A.Size. B.Weight.
C.Angle. D.Path.
答案 D [词义猜测题。根据上文可知，美国国家航空航天局通过研究该天体的轨道来预测并减少其对地球造成的威胁。由此可知，画线词意为“轨道”。]
12.Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A.An Asterid Was Discvered at an Observatry in Chile
B.An Asterid Is Cming Our Way, Unlikely t Hit Us
C.A Space Rck Has Just Passed the Earth
D.A Spacecraft Has Been Crashed Recently
答案 B [标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲了美国国家航空航天局通过目前的计算显示，2023 DW小行星碰撞地球的可能性极低。故B项最适合作文章的标题。]
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2023·福建三校联考)
It’s interesting hw ur cntacts influence ur tmrrw’s day.Peple we are in relatinships with __1__ us.When we change, we inevitably change ur lifestyles and attitude.Let’s see whether yur friends __2__ yur future and if s, then in what ways they d s.
When we __3__ smene fr the first time, we are trying t find ut mre abut each ther.The first __4__ yu make n thers cunts.But yur __5__ cntact with each ther frms the general pinin f the persn yu are __6__ with.If yu are a psitive persn wh has a(n) __7__ persnality, d nt be shy t demnstrate it t strangers.Strangers becme ur friends and if yu ignre this fact and __8__ t be wh and what yu really are nt, then yu may __9__ a lt f gd friendships.Als, be wise and learn t __10__ the right srt f peple.This is imprtant fr yur future.
Friends usually meet at places r g utside.Nt nly d yu learn abut their persnalities and characters, yu als __11__ what hbbies they have.Yur friends’ interests may becme yur interests.If yu make friends with smene whse main activity is __12__， yu will mst __13__ want t wrk ut t.If yur circle f friends __14__ peple wh lead a passive lifestyle and d nt take care f themselves, it is very pssible that yu will sner r later turn int a(n) __15__ persn.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了朋友的生活态度会潜移默化地影响我们的生活态度，对我们的未来产生影响。
B.imprve
C.need D.prevent
答案 A [change改变；imprve改进；need需要；prevent阻止。根据上文“It’s interesting hw ur cntacts influence ur tmrrw’s day.”可知，我们与他人的联系会影响我们的生活，由此可知，与我们有关系的人会改变我们，且与下文“When we change”中的“change”呼应。]
B.design
C.shape D.cncern
答案 C [determine决定；design设计；shape塑造；cncern涉及。根据上文“When we change, we inevitably change ur lifestyles and attitude.”可知，我们与他人的联系会改变我们的生活方式和态度，进而塑造我们的未来，由此可知，句中指朋友可能会在某种程度上塑造我们的未来。]
B.chse
C.blame D.meet
答案 D [frget忘记；chse选择；blame责怪；meet遇见。根据句中“we are trying t find ut mre abut each ther”和生活常识可知，应该是当我们第一次遇见某人时，我们会想了解更多关于对方的信息。]
B.cmment
C.decisin D.prmise
答案 A [impressin印象；cmment评论；decisin决定；prmise承诺。根据上文“When we ________ smene fr the first time”可知，当我们第一次遇见某人时，会给对方留下第一印象。由此可知，句中指你给别人的第一印象很重要。]
B.further
C.frmal D.active
答案 B [secnd第二的；further进一步的；frmal正式的；active积极的。根据句中“general pinin”和生活常识可知，对方对你的普遍看法应该是在你与对方进一步接触的过程中形成的。]
B.cperating
C.cmmunicating D.dealing
答案 C [argue争论；cperate合作；cmmunicate交流；deal处理。根据上文“Let’s see whether yur friends ________ yur future”可知，句中探讨的是朋友对你未来的影响，朋友是与你交流的人，由此可知，句中指进一步接触形成了你的交流对象对你的普遍看法。]
B.extrardinary
C.charming D.inspiring
答案 D [curius好奇的；extrardinary卓越的；charming迷人的；inspiring鼓舞人心的。根据句中“If yu are a psitive persn”可知，一个积极的人应该会具有鼓舞人心的个性。]
B.pretend
C.manage D.prepare
答案 B [refuse拒绝；pretend假装；manage管理；prepare准备。根据句中“what yu really are nt”可知，句中指有时我们会假装自己是某种人，但实际上我们并不是那种人。]
B.ruin
C.gain D.miss
答案 D [preserve保护；ruin毁灭；gain获得；miss错过。根据句中“________ t be wh and what yu really are nt”和生活常识可知，在其他人面前不表现出真实的自己会导致我们错过很多美好的友谊。]
B.admit
C.supprt D.believe
答案 A [pick选择；admit承认；supprt支持；believe相信。根据句中“the right srt f peple”可知，朋友会影响我们的未来，由此可知，我们应该学会选择合适的人做朋友。]
ut B.care abut
C.wrk ut D.think abut
答案 A [find ut发现；找出；care abut关心；在意；wrk ut锻炼；想出；think abut考虑。根据句中“what hbbies they have”可知，在与朋友相处的过程中，我们可以发现他们有什么爱好。]
B.travelling
C.sprts D.relaxatin
答案 C [reading阅读；travelling旅行；sprts体育运动；relaxatin放松。根据句中“want t wrk ut t”可知，朋友之间相互影响，由此可知，应该是朋友喜欢运动，你才会受到影响，想要锻炼。]
B.likely
C.actually D.hpefully
答案 B [bviusly明显地；likely可能；actually事实上；hpefully有希望地。根据上文“Yur friends’ interests may becme yur interests.”中的“may”可知，你朋友的兴趣可能会成为你的兴趣，句中强调可能性，由此可知，如果你朋友喜欢运动，你很可能也想锻炼身体。]
B.help
C.include D.recgnize
答案 C [expect期待；help帮助；include包括；recgnize承认。根据句中“yur circle f friends”和“peple wh lead a passive lifestyle”可知，句中指你的朋友圈里包括一种人，这种人过着消极的生活。]
B.caring
C.greedy D.lazy
答案 D [active积极的；caring乐于助人的；greedy贪婪的；lazy懒惰的。根据句中“peple wh lead a passive lifestyle and d nt take care f themselves”可知，过着消极的生活，不照顾自己的人是懒惰的人，由此可知，在这样的朋友的影响下，你很有可能迟早会变成一个懒惰的人。]
A篇
Para.1：persnalized adj.针对个人的；为个人特制的 Para.3：crucial adj.至关重要的；关键性的
B篇
Para.1：technique n.技巧，工艺；技术，技能 investigatin n.(正式的)调查，侦查；科学研究，学术研究
Para.3：atmsphere n.大气，大气层；空气 estimate v.估计 take in吸收；领会；欺骗 fall ff减少；降低
Para.4：take ff突然成功；(飞机)起飞；突然大受欢迎，迅速流行
C篇
Para.1：chance n.可能性 Para.3：estimated adj.估计的，预计的 diameter n.直径 Para.4：track v.跟踪
adequately adv.充分地 Para.5：rank v.把……分等级 ptential adj.潜在的，可能的 Para.6：bservatin n.观察
Para.7：pse vt.造成
A篇
译文：Nautilus Bitechnlgy是由西雅图的Sujal Patel和旧金山湾区的Parag Mallick于2016年创立的一家公司，该公司正在研发一种设备，用于识别和计数生物样本中95%的不同类型的蛋白质。