高考英语二轮复习专题强化练习 四选一阅读强化练(七)　高阶阅读能力培养（含答案）

这是一份高考英语二轮复习专题强化练习 四选一阅读强化练(七)　高阶阅读能力培养（含答案），共9页。

(2023·苏北四市高三统考)
New biplastics are being made in labratries frm straw, wd chips and fd waste, with researchers aiming t replace il as the surce f the wrld’s plastic.
The new appraches include genetically mdifying bacteria t eat wd and prduce useful chemicals.But the biplastics are currently significantly mre expensive t make than fssil fuel－based plastics.
Land and seas arund the wrld, frm high muntains t deep ceans, have becme plluted with plastic, prmpting majr public cncern.The wrld has prduced abut 8 billin tnnes f plastic since the 1950s and demand is still rising.
While sme waste plastic is recycled, much f it is burnt t prduce electricity, resulting in carbn emissins that drive climate change.In cntrast t plastic made frm il, plastics made frm plant－based materials nly release the carbn the plants absrb frm the air as they grw.Biplastics will als give mre ptins fr prducts that bidegrade in the envirnment，althugh they can be made very lng－lasting if required.
“Plastics are an incredible enhancement t ur daily lives，”said Paul Mines, CEO f Bime Technlgies in the UK, which has spent ￡5m in the last five years n biplastics research.“But we can’t g n using fssil fuel－based materials.Abut 6%－7% f every barrel f il is used t make plastics.”
Using plant materials is feasible,__said Prfessr Simn, at the University f Yrk.Replacing half f the natin’s plastic bttles culd be dne by using just 3% f the sugar beet crp, 5% f wheat straw r 2.5% f fd waste, he said.
Currently, just a few thusand tnnes f biplastics are used in the UK each year, cmpared t millins f tnnes f cnventinal plastic.Mines said this culd rise t abut 20, 000 tnnes in the next five years.
【语篇解读】 本文是新闻报道。科学家们正在试验用秸秆、木屑和食物垃圾制造一种新型生物塑料。与传统的化石燃料塑料相比，它更具有环保性。
1.Why are high muntains and deep ceans mentined in paragraph 3?
A.T display the range f plastic waste.
B.T shw the widespread use f plastic.
C.T stress the increasing demand fr plastic.
D.T raise awareness f cean prtectin.
答案 A [写作意图题。根据第三段中的“Land and seas arund the wrld，frm high muntains t deep ceans，have becme plluted with plastic”可知，世界各地的陆地和海洋，从高山到深海，都受到了塑料的污染。由此可推知，作者提到高山和深海主要是为了展示塑料垃圾的范围。]
2.What is ne advantage f biplastics ver fssil fuel－based plastics?
A.Prducing electricity.
B.Being ec－friendly.
C.Driving climate change.
D.Bidegrading ther plastic.
答案 B [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“While sme waste plastic is the air as they grw”可知，传统的化石燃料塑料会产生很多的碳排放，而新型的生物塑料只释放能够被植物吸收的碳。由此可知，与化石燃料塑料相比，生物塑料的一个优势是有利于环保。]
3.What des the underlined wrd “feasible” mean in paragraph 6?
A.Pssible. B.Trublesme.
C.Original. D.Cstly.
答案 A [词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“Replacing half f the natin’% f fd waste”可知，仅用3%的甜菜作物、5%的小麦秸秆或者2.5%的食物垃圾就可以替换全国一半的塑料瓶。由此可推知，使用植物材料是可行的，故画线词的意思与A项最为接近。]
4.What is the main idea f the passage?
A.Plastics are necessary in daily life.
B.Oil is the surce f the wrld’s plastic.
C.Biplastic making is a prmising industry.
D.Scientists are researching biplastic making.
答案 D [文章大意题。通读全文尤其是第一段内容可知，本文主要讲述了科学家正在研究一种用秸秆、木屑和食物垃圾制造的新型生物塑料。]
(2023·浙江9＋1联盟期中)
Sft rbts that have n batteries, mtrs r electrnics and that are pwered and cntrlled frm a distance by light r magnets (磁铁) are a ppular field f research.But there are barriers t vercme befre they can be used in practical applicatins, including the need fr a cheap manufacturing prcess.
Zhang Li at the Chinese University f Hng Kng and his clleagues discvered that a magnet－cntrlled rbt can be created easily and at lw cst.
In experiments, his team created sticky tape rbts f varius shapes arund a centimetre acrss that change their gemetry depending n the presence and directin f a magnetic field.Sme f the rbts were able t mve thrugh water r alng flat surfaces and ne device was able t crawl (爬) acrss the surface f pie stmach tissue in the lab and place a small therapeutic patch (片) nt a gastric ulcer (胃溃疡) befre leaving the patch and mving away.
Zhang says that these devices culd be used in the future t deliver drugs r carry ut simple medical prcedures in the stmach r intestines.“It can be used in this kind f flded, small scale, and when it reaches a large empty space it can pen up，” he says.“It’s very much like a satellite, where after its launch int uter space the slar panels will pen up.S when yu swallw this device，it shuld have a very small size.”
There are hurdles t vercme prir t clinical trials, hwever.“The first thing is safety, because currently we’re using a very strng magnet called a nedymium－irn－brn magnet.It’s actually nt that safe，” says Zhang.“It’s kind f txic t the cells.”
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章讲述了磁铁控制的软体机器人能够对人类疾病治疗起到的作用，同时也阐述了该机器人在临床试验中所需要解决的问题。
5.What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A.Hw the rbts functin.
B.What changes the rbts’ gemetry.
C.Whether the rbts are marketable.
D.What inspired the creatin f the rbts.
答案 A [段落大意题。根据第三段中的“ne device was able mving away”可知，本段主要讲述的是机器人在实验中起到的作用——在胃溃疡上放置一小块治疗贴片，然后放下贴片离开。]
6.Hw des Zhang explain the use f the rbts in paragraph 4?
A.By citing clinical trials.
B.By analyzing cause and effect.
C.By quting wise sayings.
D.By cmparing it t smething similar.
答案 D [写作手法题。根据第四段中的“It’s very much like a satellite，where after its launch int uter space the slar panels will pen up.”可知，Zhang将这些设备与卫星进行比较，从而解释机器人的使用，故选D。]
7.What des the underlined wrd “txic” in the last paragraph prbably mean?
A.Harmless. B.Cmplicated.
C.Pisnus. D.Flexible.
答案 C [词义猜测题。根据画线词上一句中的“It’s actually nt that safe”可知，画线词的意思与“不安全的”接近。分析选项可知，pisnus“有毒的”与画线词的意义最为接近。]
8.What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A.Sft Rbts Make Yur Life Cnvenient
B.Sft Rbts Can Crawl Inside Yur Organs
C.Sft Rbts Are Ready fr Cheap Prductin
D.Sft Rbts Can Perfrm Cmplex Operatins
答案 B [标题归纳题。本文第一段介绍了由光或磁铁控制的软体机器以及在实际运用中还需克服的一些障碍；第二段介绍了一种新的易创建且成本低的软体机器人；第三段讲到了这种软体机器人可以进入人体完成手术等；第四段讲到了这种软体机器人的应用前景；最后一段则讲到了在临床应用之前需要解决的问题。综上可知，B项最适合作本文的标题。]
Several years ag, Jasn Bx, a scientist frm Ohi, flew 31 giant rlls f white plastic t a glacier (冰川) in Greenland.He and his team spread them acrss 10，000 feet f ice, then left.His idea was that the white blanket wuld reflect back the rays f the sun，keeping the ice cl belw.When he came back t check the results, he fund it wrked.Expsed ice had melted faster than cvered ice.He had saved tw feet f the glacier in a shrt time.N cal plants were shut dwn, n jbs were lst, and nbdy was taxed r fired.Just the srt f fix we’re lking fr.
“Thank yu, but n thank yu，” says Knrad Steffen, a climate scientist.He tld Craig Childs，authr and cmmentatr, that peple think technlgy can save the planet, but there are ther things we need t deal with, like cnsumptin.They burned $50，000 just fr the helicpter t bring the plastic t the glacier.This experiment, qute－unqute, gives peple false hpe that climate change can be fixed withut changing human behavir.It can’t.Technlgy wn’t give us a free ride.
Individuals respnd t climate change differently.Climatlgist Maureen Raym is hardly alne in her predictin that smeday sn we wn’t be climate victims, we will be climate chsers.Mre scientists agree with her that if the human race survives.The engineers will get smarter, the tls will get better, and ne day we will cntrl the climate but that then? “Just the mentin f us cntrlling the climate sent a small shiver dwn my back，”Craig writes.“Smething sunded wrng abut stpping ice by ur wn will，” he says.
Me? I like it better when the earth takes care f itself.I guess ne day we will have t run the place, but fr the mment, sitting at my desk, lking ut at the trees bending wildly and the wind hwling, I’m happy nt t be in charge.
【语篇解读】 本文是议论文。文章主要讲的是几位科学家对控制气候变化的论述以及作者自己的观点。
9.Why des the authr mentin Jasn Bx’s experiment in the first paragraph?
A.T intrduce a pssible slutin t climate change.
B.T describe a misleading attempt t fix the climate.
C.T reprt n a successful experiment n saving the glacier.
D.T aruse peple’s attentin t the prblem f glbal warming.
答案 B [写作意图题。根据第二段中的“This experiment，qute－unqute，gives peple false hpe that climate change can be fixed withut changing human behavir.”可知，第一段提到Jasn Bx尝试用白色塑料覆盖冰川以达到保护冰川目的的实验是为了引出后文对人类干预气候的可行性的探讨，因此作者在第一段提到Jasn Bx的实验是为了描述一种具有误导性的试图解决气候问题的尝试。]
10.Which statement wuld Knrad Steffen mst prbably agree with?
A.The fight against climate change will nt succeed.
B.Technlgy is nt the final slutin, let alne its high cst.
C.It’s best t deal with climate change withut changing ur behavir.
D.Jasn’s experiment plays a significant rle in fixing climate change.
答案 B [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They burned $50，000 just fr the helicpter t bring the plastic t the wn’t give us a free ride.”可知，利用科技解决气候问题的方法成本高昂，也不能完全解决问题。]
11.What is Craig Childs’s attitude t human’s cntrlling the climate?
A.Favrable. B.Tlerant.
C.Dubtful. D.Unclear.
答案 C [观点态度题。根据第三段中的“Smething sunded wrng abut stpping ice by ur wn will”可知，Craig Childs对人类控制气候的态度是怀疑的。]
12.Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A.But shuld we fix the climate?
B.Is climate change a real prblem?
C.Hw can we take care f the earth?
D.What if all the glaciers disappeared?
答案 A [标题归纳题。第一段举出Jasn Bx控制气候变化的例子来引出话题；接着又列举不同的科学家对于控制气候变化的观点；再根据最后一段中的“I like it better when the earth takes care f itself.I guess ne day we will have t run the place”可知，作者提出更喜欢地球自己照料自己，也就是反对人类控制气候，因此A项最适合作本文的标题。]
Ⅱ.七选五
(2023·枣庄高三二模)
The gradual heating f Earth’s surface, ceans and atmsphere is primarily caused by human activity.We burn fssil fuels, and pump carbn dixide and ther greenhuse gases int the atmsphere.These gases act like a greenhuse.__1__
Already, the cnsequences f glbal warming are measurable and visible.__2__ Lakes arund the wrld are warming rapidly—in sme cases faster than the surrunding envirnment.Animals are changing migratin patterns, and plants are budding their leaves earlier in the spring and drpping them later in the fall.
One f the mst immediate and bvius cnsequences f glbal warming is the increase in temperatures arund the wrld.The average glbal temperature has increased by 0.8 ℃ ver the past 100 years, accrding t the Natinal Oceanic and Atmspheric Administratin.__3__ That year, Earth’s surface temperature was 0.99 ℃ warmer than the average acrss the entire 20th century.
__4__ We have mre unpredictable extreme weather.These extremes cme in different flavrs.One effect can be clder－than－nrmal winters.Changes in climate can cause the bundary between the cld Nrth Ple air and the warm equatrial air t migrate suth.__5__ This is why sme areas can have a sudden cld snap r clder－than－nrmal winter, even during the lng－term trend f glbal warming.
A.That will bring with it cld, Arctic air.
B.They trap in heat and cause glbal warming.
C.An immediate cnsequence is freezing weather.
D.Our Earth is heating up, and heating up quickly.
E.Ice is melting in bth plar ice caps and muntain glaciers.
F.Since 1895, the httest year n recrd wrldwide was 2016.
G.As glbal average temperatures g up, weather patterns are changing.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章介绍了全球变暖给人类带来如温度上升和极端天气等一系列的难以预料的影响。
1.B [上文“These gases act like a greenhuse.”说明了这些气体和温室的作用相似，B项“它们困住热量并且导致全球变暖。”正是对温室作用的解释说明，是对上文内容的承接。]
2.E [上文“Already, the cnsequences f glbal warming are measurable and visible.”说明了下文要介绍全球变暖产生的后果，E项“极地冰盖和山地冰川的冰都在融化。”以及后文列举的湖泊、动植物的例子就是对全球变暖的结果的举例说明。]
3.F [下文“That year, Earth’s surface temperature was 0.99 ℃ warmer than the average acrss the entire 20th century.”中的“That year”指代的是F项“自1895年以来，全球有记录以来最热的年份是2016年”中的“2016”，下文是对F项内容的解释说明，解释了2016年成为自1895年以来最热一年的原因。]
4.G [下文“We have mre unpredictable extreme weather.”说明了极端天气的出现是我们始料未及的，G项“随着全球平均气温的上升，天气模式正在发生改变。”是为了引出下文，说明天气模式的改变是向极端天气转变。]
5.A [下文“This is why sme areas can the lng－term trend f glbal warming.”和A项“那将会带来寒冷的北极空气。”构成因果关系，是对北极空气带来的结果的解释说明。]
A篇
Para.1：aim t d sth打算做某事 Para.2：genetically adv.基因地，遗传地 mdify v.调整；稍作修改；使更适合 significantly adv.显著地；有重大意义地 Para.4：emissin n.排放；排放物 drive 常用义：v.驾驶；开车
文章义：v.推动 result in导致 in cntrast t相比之下
B篇
Para.1：manufacture v.大量生产 Para.3：sticky adj.黏(性)的 Para.4：deliver v.递送；交付；发表
C篇
Para.1：reflect v.反射(声、光、热等)；反映；沉思 Para.2：cmmentatr n.(电台、电视台或报刊的)评论员
cnsumptin n.消耗，消耗量；消费