高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 5 Languages around the world精练

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 5 Languages around the world精练，共5页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五等内容，欢迎下载使用。
（2018课标全国）
Languages have been cming and ging fr thusands f years, but in recent times there has been less cming and a lt mre ging. When the wrld was still ppulated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit（联系）grups develped their wn patterns f speech independent f each ther. Sme language experts believe that 10, 000 years ag, when the wrld had just five t ten millin peple, they spke perhaps 12, 000 languages between them.
Sn afterwards, many f thse peple started settling dwn t becme farmers, and their languages t became mre settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade.
industrializatin, the develpment f the natin-state and the spread f universal cmpulsry educatin, especially glbalizatin and better cmmunicatins in the past few decades. all have caused many languages t disappear, and dminant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking ver.
At present, the wrld has abut 6, 800 languages. The distributin f these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild znes have relatively few languages, spken by many peple, while ht, wet znes have lts, ften spken by small numbers. Eurpe has nly arund 200 languages；the Americas abut 1, 000；Africa 2, 400；and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3, 200, f which Papua New Guinea alne accunts fr well ver 800. The median number（中位数）f speakers is a mere 6, 000, which means that half the wrld's languages are spken by fewer peple than that.
Already well ver 400 f the ttal f 6, 800 languages are clse t extinctin（消亡）, with nly a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at randm, Busuu in Camern（eight remaining speakers）, Chiapanec in Mexic（150）, Lipan Apache in the United States（tw r three）r Wadjigu in Australia（ne, with a questin-mark）：nne f these seems t have much chance f survival.
词汇积累
1. settle dwn定居下来 2. glbalizatin n. 全球化 3. distributin n. 分布
4. relatively adv. 相对地
1. What can we infer abut languages in hunter-gatherer times？
A. They develped very fast.
B. They were large in number.
C. They had similar patterns.
D. They were clsely cnnected.
2. Which f the fllwing best explains "dminant" underlined in paragraph 2？
A. Cmplex. B. Advanced. C. Pwerful. D. Mdern.
3. Hw many languages are spken by less than 6, 000 peple at present？
A. Abut 6, 800.
B. Abut 3, 400.
C. Abut 2, 400.
D. Abut 1, 200.
4. What is the main idea f the text？
A. New languages will be created.
B. Peple's lifestyles are reflected in languages.
C. Human develpment results in fewer languages.
D. Gegraphy determines language evlutin.
二、七选五
（2018课标全国）
Clr is fundamental in hme design-smething yu'll always have in every rm. A grasp f hw t manage clr in yur spaces is ne f the first steps t creating rms yu'll lve t live in. D yu want a rm that's full f life？Prfessinal？Or are yu just lking fr a place t relax after a lng day？ 1 , clr is the key t making a rm feel the way yu want it t feel.
Over the years, there have been a number f different techniques t help designers apprach this imprtant pint. 2 , they can get a little cmplex. But gd news is that there're really nly three kinds f decisins yu need t make abut clr in yur hme：the small nes, the medium nes and the large nes.
3 . They're the little spts f clr like thrw pillws, mirrrs and baskets that mst f us use t add visual interest t ur rms. Less tiring than painting yur walls and less expensive than buying a clrful sfa, small clr chices bring with them the significant benefit f being easily changeable.
Medium clr chices are generally furniture pieces such as sfas, dinner tables r bkshelves. 4 They require a bigger cmmitment than smaller nes, and they have a mre pwerful effect n the feeling f a space.
The large clr decisins in yur rms cncern the walls, ceilings, and flrs. Whether yu're lking at wallpaper r paint, the time, effrt and relative expense put int it are significant. 5
A. While all f them are useful
B. Whatever yu're lking fr
C. If yu're experimenting with a clr
D. Small clr chices are the nes we're mst familiar with
E. It's nt really a gd idea t use t many small clr pieces
F. S it pays t be sure, because yu want t get it right the first time
G. Clr chices in this range are a step up frm the small nes in tw majr ways
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
词汇积累
1. fundamental adj. 基本的；十分重要的 2. apprach vt.处理；对付 3. cmplex adj. 复杂的 4. cmmitment n. 奉献；投入
参考答案及解析
一、语篇解读 本文为说明文 作者从语言发展历史这一角度论述了人类的发展导致了世界上语言数量的减少。
1. B 推理判断题。本题题干意为：对于采猎者时代的语言, 我们可推断出什么？根据第一段第二句（当世界人口仍然由采猎者构成的时候, 小的、联系紧密的群体彼此独立地形成了自己的讲话模式。）可知答案为B项（它们的数量很大）。A：它们发展得很快；C：它们有相似的模式；D：它们联系很紧密。
2. C 词义猜测题。本题题干意为：下面哪一项最好地解释了第二段画线词"dminant"？根据画线词所在句子中的"such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking ver"可推知dminant的意思是“占统治地位的, 强大的", 故答案为C项（Pwerful）, A：复杂的；B：高级的：D：现代的。
3. B 细节理解题。本题题干意为：目前, 有多少种语言的使用人数少于6, 000？根据第三段第一句（目前世界上大约有6, 800种语言。）和第三段最后一句（……这意味着世界的语言中有一半的语言, 其使用人数不足6, 000）可知, 答案为B项（6800× 1/2=3400）。
4. C 主旨大意题。本题题干意为：本文的主旨是什么？作者在首段首句介绍了本文的主题, 即语言几千年来一直变化不定, 但在最近时期, 其数量越来越少。然后进一步解释造成这种现象的原因是社会的发展, 故答案为C项。
二、语篇解读 本文为说明文, 介绍了在家居装修时如何选择颜色, 只需做出三个决定即可：抱枕、镜子等小物件的颜色选择；沙发、餐桌等中等物件的颜色选择；墙面、天花板、地板等大物件的颜色选择。
1. B本句为细节句。上文指出, 你是想要一个充满生机的房间呢？还是专业的房间？或者你只是在寻找漫长的一天过后供你休息的场所呢？本句应该对上文的问题做出回应, B项符合语境, 句意为“无论你在找什么样的房间, 要想让房间给你想要的感觉, 颜色至关重要", B项中的lking fr为原词再现。
2. A 本句为细节句。上句指出, 在过去的这些年, 有很多不同的技巧帮助设计者达到这重要的一点 本句应该对这些技巧做出回应, A项符合语境, 句意为“虽然所有的技巧都有用处, 但是它们有点儿复杂", A项中的all f them代指上句中的different techniques。
3. D 本句为主题句。上段末尾指出了需要做出的三个决定the small nes, the medium nes, and the large nes）。根据最后两段首句（Medium clr chices. . . 和The large clr decisins. . .）可知, 这两段分别介绍了后两个决定, 结合段落内容可知本段介绍第一个决定, 故D项（Small clr chices. . ）符合段落主题。
4. G 本句为过渡句。本段介绍了对家具这样的中等物件做出颜色选择。空格前的句子列举了中等物件的例子, 空格后的由and连接的两个分句从两方面与小物件的颜色选择进行了比较, 故G项符合语境。tw majr ways与下句内容一致。
5. F 本句为细节句。上文指出, 在对大物件的颜色做出选择时, 付出的时间、精力和相关的费用都意义重大, F项为该话题的延续, 符合语境, 意为"因为你想要第一次就选好, 所以这肯定是划算的"。