高中英语Unit 1 Science and Scientists课时训练

UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS

SectionⅠ　ReadingandThinking

课后·训练提升

一、单词拼写

1.Most people are f　　　　　　　 in their own jobs. 

答案:frustrated

2.If two statements are c　　　　　　　,that is to say,they are different. 

答案:contradictory

3.The h　　　　　　　 was still asleep at six in the morning. 

答案:household

4.A man who has m　　　　　　　　　 interests usually has lots of friends. 

答案:multiple

5.A clerk must know how to h　　　　　　 difficult customers. 

答案:handle

二、完成句子

1.我们还没决定去哪儿度暑假。

We haven’t decided 　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　for our summer holiday. 

答案:where to go

2.他似乎对他的老师说了谎。

　　　　　　　　 　　　　　he told a lie to his teacher. 

答案:It seemed that

3.放学后我要去修自行车。

I’ll 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 after school. 

答案:have my bike repaired

4.通常,公共汽车上太拥挤,我找不到坐的地方。

Usually,it’s 　　　　crowded on the bus 　　　　　I can’t find anywhere to sit. 

答案:so;that

5.多亏了这场大雨,否则庄稼就会死了。

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,otherwise the crops will die. 

答案:Thanks to the heavy rain

三、阅读理解

A

Governors,lawyers and business leaders have to deal with scientists,and every educated person finds his views affected by science.Yet our science teaching of non-scientists,in school and college,has built up mistaken ideas,dislikes,and the common boast,“I never did understand science.” Even those students who arrive at college with plans to become scientists usually bring a mistaken picture of science:some have a collection of unorganised facts about science,and some regard the study of science as a game which includes getting the right answer.

The first of these attitudes seems to come from a kind of course which provides various kinds of information.The second,from a training course on how to pass examinations that do not ask about the student’s understanding but simply require him to put the numbers in the right formulas(公式).Neither type of courses (in school or college) seems to give students an understanding of science as we find it among scientists.Neither shows students how real scientists work and think,how the facts are gathered,how discoveries are made,and what they mean.Young people need good teaching of science,not so much a great wealth of knowledge as a healthy understanding of the nature of science.They need an understanding of knowledge leading to sympathy with science and an eagerness of the way scientists work.Given these,it is easy to encourage later reading and learning.

1.One of the reasons that can cause mistaken ideas of science is due to 　　　. 

A.a mistaken picture in students’ mind

B.the unscientific way of teaching science

C.the fact that students fail to see the influence of science

D.the fact that students have a collection of unrelated facts about science

答案:B

解析:细节理解题。根据第一段可知造成错误的科学观念的原因之一是不科学的科学教学方法。故选B项。

2.According to the passage,we can safely say that the subject of the passage is 　　　. 

A.need for good science teaching

B.every person,including governors,lawyers and business leaders should study science

C.young people should form a correct attitude to science

D.students must know what science is and how scientists work and think

答案:A

解析:主旨大意题。根据第一段第二句和第二段最后三句可知这篇文章的主题是需要好的科学教学。故选A项。

3.A good course of science is 　　　. 

A.to teach students to do things according to formulas

B.to provide students with all kinds of information

C.to help students have a good understanding and form a correct attitude to science

D.to encourage students to have a good command of knowledge

答案:C

解析:推理判断题。根据第二段前两句可知好的科学教学应该是帮助学生对科学有好的认识和形成正确的态度。故选C项。

4.People such as governors,lawyers and business leaders deal with scientists mainly because 　　　. 

A.they can be affected by scientists

B.scientists make discoveries and apply them to help people live a more comfortable,stable and safe life

C.they owe much to scientists’ contributions

D.scientists are great persons

答案:A

解析:推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Governors,lawyersandbusinessleadershavetodealwithscientists,andeveryeducatedpersonfindshisviewsaffectedbyscience.”可知选A项。

B

Elon Musk,perhaps the world’s most brilliant businessman,has a habit of making statements that stretch the bounds of believability.

On July 16th,2019,he introduced a new type of brain-machine interface(BMI),starting from the design of a “neural lace(神经织网)”,a net of thin electrodes(电极) that capture the information from the brain.However,the electrodes must be flexible,so that they do not damage brain tissue and will last for a long time.And to make the implantation(植入) of so many electrodes safe,painless and effective,the process has to be automated.

Mr Musk’s team does indeed seem to have made progress towards these goals.Its presentation includes videos of a robot that is best described as a sewing machine.This robot grabs “threads”,and shoots them deep into the brain through a hole.The firm has also designed a chip that can handle signals from as many as 3,072 electrodes.

With all these technological breakthroughs,the firm now hopes to help people overcome such illnesses as blindness and paralysis.They designed a small device that would sit behind someone’s ear,picking up signals from the implanted chip and passing them on as appropriate.In a few years,using a brain implant to control your devices may be as prevalent as wearing wireless earphones today.Finally,Musk predicts neural lace will allow humans to be combined with AI systems,thus enabling the species to survive.

Though,as this announcement shows,Mr Musk does have a habit of presenting himself as the hero of the human race,at least the concept that some machines will come under the direct control of human brains seems possible to be carried out.The biggest barrier to this happening will probably not be writing the software needed to interpret brainwaves,but rather persuading people that the necessary surgery,whether by sewing machine or otherwise,is actually a good idea.

5.We can learn from the first two paragraphs that 　　　. 

A.electrodes should be flexible to extend life

B.Elon Musk constantly comes up with unexpected ideas

C.a neural lace is used to store information from the brain

D.electrodes are implanted by top surgeons for safety reasons

答案:B

解析:推理判断题。根据第一段以及第二段中的“OnJuly16th,2019,heintroducedanewtypeofbrain-machineinterface(BMI)”可知,ElonMusk经常能提出前所未闻的想法,B项符合题意。故选B项。

6.What does the underlined word “prevalent” in paragraph 4 probably mean?

A.Useful.　　　　　　　　 B.Common.

C.Professional.  D.Appropriate.

答案:B

解析:词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“Theydesignedasmalldevicethatwouldsitbehindsomeone’sear,pickingupsignalsfromtheimplantedchipandpassingthemonasappropriate.”可知,画线词所在句表述为几年后,与现在形成对比,表明这项技术会变得更为普遍,就像戴无线耳机一样。故B项common“普遍的”切合题意。故选B项。

7.What is the hardest part of carrying out BMI?

A.Convincing people to accept the surgery.

B.Developing devices to perform the surgery.

C.Writing the software to interpret brainwaves.

D.Informing people of the success of the surgery.

答案:A

解析:细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Thebiggestbarriertothishappeningwillprobablynotbewritingthesoftwareneededtointerpretbrainwaves,butratherpersuadingpeoplethatthenecessarysurgery...isactuallyagoodidea.”可知,实施BMI最艰难的部分是说服人们接受必要的外科手术。故选A项。

8.What is the best title of this passage?

A.The Neural Lace,a New Type of BMI

B.Elon Musk,the Hero of Human Beings

C.Artificial Intelligence,the Way to Survive

D.A Brain Implant,a Step to Control Machines

答案:A

解析:标题归纳题。根据第二段中的“OnJuly16th,2019,heintroducedanewtypeofbrain-machineinterface(BMI)”可知,2019年7月16日,他介绍了一种新型的脑机接口。接下来全文围绕新型脑机接口(BMI)进行展开说明,因此A项“神经织网,一种新型的脑机接口”切题。故选A项。

四、微写作

结合课文主题,使用本单元所学单词与句型写一篇50词左右的短文。

1.众所周知,霍乱是一种严重的疾病,每次暴发都给全世界人民蒙上一层阴影。(cholera;severe;cast a shadow over;break out)

2.一开始,人们怀疑是因为空气不好。(suspect)

3.多亏了约翰·斯诺,真相被发现了,污染的水是罪魁祸首。(thanks to;blame)

4.自从知道了病因,霍乱就被彻底打败了。(once and for all)

参考范文

Asweallknow,choleraisaseverediseasewhichoncecastashadowoverpeopleallovertheworldeverytimeitbrokeout.Atfirst,peoplesuspecteditwasduetobadair.ThankstoJohnSnow,thetruthwasfoundoutthatthepollutedwaterwastoblame.Sincethecausewasknown,cholerawasdefeatedonceandforall.