牛津译林版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 3 Getting along with others学案

这是一份牛津译林版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 3 Getting along with others学案，共6页。学案主要包含了定语从句的定义，关系代词的基本用法等内容，欢迎下载使用。

In Mark Twain’s Adventures f Huckleberry Finn，the friendship that/which① frms between Huck Finn and Jim is an imprtant theme f the bk，thugh they appear t be an unlikely pair.Huck is a pr white by whse② father ften beats him，while Jim is a black slave wh/that③ lngs t be free.One day，Huck runs away frm hme t an island.There he meets Jim and makes friends with him.Then they leave the island tgether n a raft that/which④ they find n the Mississippi River.They head nrth t Illinis，a state in which⑤ Jim can becme free.The high pint f the stry cmes when Huck is faced with the decisin f whether t hand Jim ver t sme slave catchers.In the end，Huck decides that Jim is a friend that/whm⑥ he needs and values，and refuses t give him up.Frm the stry we can see that friends are peple wh/that⑦ supprt yu thrugh thick and thin.
自主发现
句子中的黑体单词引导 ，其基本结构为 。关系代词引导定语从句时，在从句中充当一个句子成分。which指物，可在从句中作主语，如 ，也可作宾语，如 ；wh指人，可在从句中作主语，如 ，也可作宾语；whm只作宾语，如 ，可用wh代替； 既可指人，也可指物，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；whse修饰名词作定语，如 。
关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
语法图解
用法详解
一、定语从句的定义
1．在主从复合句中，对某一名词、代词或名词短语起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词、代词或名词短语叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
2．关系词分为关系代词(that，which，wh，whm，whse等)和关系副词(when，where，why等)两类。
二、关系代词的基本用法
1．wh的用法
示例：
The persn wh tricked me was ne f my classmates.骗我的那个人是我的一个同学。
He is the man wh I respect very much.
他就是我非常尊重的那个人。
归纳：wh 指人，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语。
2．whm的用法
示例：
Jack is the persn (wh/whm) yu shuld care abut.杰克是你应该关心的人。
The ld man t whm a medal is awarded is very inspiring.
这位被授予奖章的老人非常鼓舞人心。
归纳：whm 指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可用wh 代替，也可省略。
3．which的用法
示例：
The plane is a machine which can fly.
飞机是一种会飞的机器。
The gld medal (which) she wn has been given t her ld schl.
她赢得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。
归纳：which 指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省略。
4．that的用法
示例：
The number f peple that/wh cme t visit the city reaches ne millin every year.
每年来参观这个城市的人数达到了一百万。
The reprt (that) Mr Turner handed in was abut the mtr race.
特纳先生递交的报告是关于摩托车比赛的。
He desn’t seem t be the man that he was ten years ag.
他看起来已经不是十年前的样子了。
归纳：that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。
5．whse的用法
示例：
He lives in the rm whse windw faces suth.他住在窗户朝南的那个房间。
This is the scientist whse name is knwn all ver the cuntry.这就是那位闻名全国的科学家。
归纳：whse既可指人又可指物，在从句中修饰名词，作定语。
[温馨提示]
whse指人时，常用下列结构来代替：
I will talk t thse students whse hmewrk hasn’t been dne n schedule.
＝I will talk t thse students，the hmewrk f whm hasn’t been dne n schedule.
＝I will talk t thse students，f whm the hmewrk hasn’t been dne n schedule.
我将和那些没按时完成作业的学生谈话。
三、关系词只能用that而不用which的情况
1．当先行词是all，little，much，smething，anything，everything，nthing等不定代词时。
All that can be dne has been dne.
一切能做的都已经做了。
2．当先行词被all，every，any，little，much，the nly，the very，the right，the last，just等修饰时。
Music is the nly thing that interests me.
音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。
Yu are the very persn that we are lking fr.
你就是我们要找的人。
3．当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the mst interesting stry that I have ever read.这是我曾经读过的最有趣的故事。
4．当先行词中既有人又有物时。
She described in her cmpsitin the peple and places that impressed her mst.她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。
5．当先行词前面出现wh，which等疑问代词时，为了避免重复，只能用that。
Wh is the by that is playing cmputer games there?
正在那里玩电脑游戏的那个男孩是谁？
[疑难点津] 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。
Thse wh are ver 45 wn’t be permitted t enter the hall.
超过45岁的人不允许进入这个大厅。
[温馨提示] (1)“ne f＋复数名词”作先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式；在肯定句中，“the nly ne f＋复数名词”作先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。
This is ne f the bks which were written by Charles Dickens.
这是查尔斯·狄更斯所写的书中的其中一本。
He is the nly ne f the bys in ur class wh has learned French.
他是我们班里唯一学过法语的男孩。
(2)为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。
This is the factry which we visited last Sunday.(visited后不可加it)
这就是我们上星期天参观的那家工厂。
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的关系词。
This is a true stry 1. is suppsed t have happened smewhere in the US.A man 2. was accused(指控) f husebreaking appeared in curt.He had put his arm thrugh the windw and stlen sme mney 3. was lying n a table inside.The argument 4. the man’s lawyer put frward wasn’t very impressive.He said that it was the man’s arm that had cmmitted the crime and nt the man himself.“Yu can’t punish a man fr smething 5. his arm has dne，” said the lawyer.Nw the judge in 6.______ curt the man was appearing wanted t shw hw stupid the lawyer’s argument was.Instead f finding the man guilty，he fund the man’s arm guilty and sent it int prisn.“He can g with his arm r nt，as he chses，” the judge added,7. made everyne laugh.But what the judge didn’t knw was that the man had an artificial(假的) arm.He tk the arm ff，gave it t the judge—8. culd hardly believe his eyes—and walked ut f the curt.
Perid 3
语法感悟
定语从句 先行词＋关系词＋定语从句 ①
④和⑤ ③和⑦ ⑥ that ②
达标检测
1．that/which 2.wh/that 3.that/which 4.that/which 5．that 6.whse 7.which 8.wh