英语选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement精品同步测试题

这是一份英语选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement精品同步测试题，文件包含同步讲义人教版2019高中英语选修第二册专题1Unit1ScienceandScientists第一讲-ReadingandThinking学生版docx、同步讲义人教版2019高中英语选修第二册专题1Unit1ScienceandScientists第一讲-ReadingandThinking教师版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共30页， 欢迎下载使用。

第一讲Reading and Thinking

目标导航jing


重点
词汇
1．cholera n．霍乱
2．diarrhoea n. 腹泻
3．dehydration n. 脱水
4．germ n. 微生物；细菌；病菌
5．epidemiology n. 流行病学
6．microscope n. 显微镜
7．contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的
8．proof n. 证据；证明；检验
9．suspect vt.& vi. 怀疑；疑有；不信任n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
10．blame vt. 把……归咎于；责怪；指责n. 责备；指责
11．handle n. 把手；拉手；柄vt. 处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)
12．substantial adj. 大量的；价值巨大的；重大的
13．statistic n．[pl.] 统计数字；统计资料；统计学
14．transform vt. 使改观；使改变形态vi. 改变；转变
词汇
拓展
1．severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的→severely adv.严重地；严厉地；严格地
2．frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→frustration n．挫败；沮丧
3．infection n．感染；传染→infect vt.使感染；传染→infectious adj.感染的；(疾病)传染性的；(病人)有传染性的→infected adj.带菌的；感染病菌的
4．subscribe vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)→subscription n．订阅(费)；用户费
5．multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的→multiply v．乘；(使)大大增加；繁殖
6．intervention n．介入；出面；干涉→intervene vi.介入；干预
7．pure adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→purify vt.使纯净；净化→purely adv.完全地；仅仅
重点
词组
1．once and for all　最终地；彻底地
2．subscribe to 同意；赞同
3．thanks to 幸亏；由于
4．in time 经过一段时间之后；迟早
5．attend to 照顾；护理
6．in general 总的说来；从总体上看
7．be likely to do sth 很可能做某事
8．die from 死于；因……而死
9．as a result of 因此，由于；作为……的结果
10．get down to 开始做事；开始认真考虑某事

重点
句型
1.As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.(教材P2)作为一名年轻的医生，约翰·斯诺变得沮丧，因为没有人知道如何防治霍乱。
2.Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.(教材P2)斯诺怀疑是水泵的问题。
3.Through Snow’s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.(教材P3)
经过斯诺的不懈努力，供水公司开始销售纯净水，世界各地的霍乱威胁也大量减少。
4.Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow.(教材P3)
幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道如何预防霍乱了。
5.This was when you should have calmed down and got down to doing some solid work.(教材P5)
这时候你本应该冷静下来，开始做一些扎实的工作。


知识点睛jing


原文呈现
JOHN SNOW DEFEATS①
“KING CHOLERA②【1】
【1】本篇文章的标题JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”使用一般现在时表明这是个客观事实，不容置疑。
Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor，John Snow, showed how it could be overcome.This illness causes severe③ diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death.In the early 19th century, when an outbreak of④ cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the disease.As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated⑤ because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.In time⑥， he rose⑦ to become a famous doctor，and even attended to⑧ Queen Victoria when she gave birth⑨.However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all⑩.
In general⑪， doctors in those days had two contradictory⑫ theories to explain how cholera spread.One theory was that bad air caused the disease.Another was that cholera was caused by an infection⑬ from germs⑭ in food or water.Snow subscribed to⑮ the second theory.It was correct, but he still needed proof⑯.Consequently⑰， when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854, Snow began to investigate.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days【2】．He was determined to find out why.
【2】这是一个复合句，that in two...ten days为宾语从句。该从句中的“so...that...”引导结果状语从句。
Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived【3】．There were multiple⑱ deaths⑲ near the water pump⑳ in Broad Street (especially house numbers 16, 37, 38, and 40)．However, some households (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street, and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths.These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.They had been given free beer, and so had not drunk the water from the pump.Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.What is more, in another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day【4】．As a result of this evidence，John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs.Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used【5】．Through this intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks.
【3】画线部分中的where和who都引导定语从句，分别修饰先行词places和those。
【4】It seems that...表示“似乎……，看起来……”；had it delivered...every day属于“have sth done”结构，该结构可表示“请/派别人做某事”。
【5】so that在此引导目的状语从句。
The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.Moreover, Snow was later able to show a linkbetween other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste.The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.Through Snow’s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.However, cholera is still a problem.Each year, millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it.Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow.Moreover, in his use of maps and statistics，Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.For this reason, Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.,
课文译文
约翰·斯诺战
胜“霍乱王”
霍乱曾经是世界上最可怕的疾病之一，直到英国医生约翰·斯诺(向人们)展示了如何能战胜它(它才不那么可怕)。这种疾病会导致严重的腹泻、脱水，甚至死亡。19世纪初，欧洲发生霍乱，数百万人死于这种疾病。作为一名年轻的医生，约翰·斯诺变得沮丧，因为没人知道如何预防和治疗霍乱。后来，他成了名医，甚至在维多利亚女王分娩时还照料她。但他从未放弃彻底消灭霍乱的愿望。
总的来说，当时的医生对霍乱的传播的解释有两种相互矛盾的理论。一种理论是这种疾病是由糟糕的空气导致的。另一种理论是霍乱是由食物或水中的细菌感染引起的。斯诺赞同第二种理论。这是对的．但他仍然需要证据。因此，1854年伦敦发生霍乱后，斯诺开始调查。他发现，在两条特别的街道上，霍乱疫情非常严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。他下定决心要找出原因。
斯诺首先在地图上标出了所有死者曾经生活的精确地点。许多死亡病例是在宽街水泵附近(尤其是16号、37号、38号和40号房屋)。然而，一些家庭(如宽街20号和21号，剑桥街8号和9号)却没有人死亡。这些人在剑桥街7号的酒吧工作。他们得到了免费的啤酒，所以没有饮用水泵里的水。斯诺怀疑是水泵的问题。更重要的是，在伦敦的另一个地方，一位妇女和她的女儿从宽街搬走后也因霍乱而死。这个女人似乎非常喜欢(饮用)水泵里的水，因此她每天都让人把水送到她家。基于这个证据，约翰·斯诺得以宣布水泵中的水携带了霍乱病菌。因此，他把水泵的手柄拆除了，这样水泵就不能用了。通过这种干预，霍乱才中断了。
事实上，宽街水泵的水已被废物污染了。此外，斯诺后来能够指出其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同供水公司之间的联系。一些公司出售泰晤士河的水，而河水被未经处理的废物污染了。喝这种水的人比喝纯净水或白开水的人更易得霍乱。
通过斯诺的不懈努力，供水公司开始销售纯净水，世界各地的霍乱威胁也大量减少。然而，霍乱仍然是一个问题。每年，世界各地有数百万人感染霍乱，许多人因霍乱丧生。幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道如何预防霍乱了。此外，斯诺利用地图和统计学改变了科学家研究疾病的方法。因此，斯诺被认为是现代流行病学之父。
知识解析
一.frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的
As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.(教材P2)作为一名年轻的医生，约翰·斯诺变得沮丧，因为没有人知道如何防治霍乱。
【精讲】feel frustrated at/with　　对……感到沮丧/懊恼
frustrate vt. 使懊丧；使懊恼；挫败；阻止；防止
frustrating adj. 令人懊恼的；令人沮丧的 (常形容事物)
frustration n．[U] 懊丧；沮丧[C，usually pl.] 令人懊丧(或懊恼、沮丧)的事物
①They felt frustrated at the lack of progress.
没有进展，他们感到沮丧。
②The hunter felt very frustrated as he hadn’t caught any animals.
猎人感到很沮丧，因为他没有捕捉到任何动物。
③Every job has its difficulties and frustrations (frustrate)．
每份工作都有其困难和令人懊恼之处。
[语境串记]
What frustrated me most was the frustrating news about the football match, whose result made everyone here frustrated.
最让我沮丧的是这个令人沮丧的关于足球比赛的消息，比赛结果使这里的每个人都很沮丧。
二.suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任
Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.(教材P2)斯诺怀疑是水泵的问题。
【精讲】(1)suspect that...　怀疑/认为……(尤指坏事可能属实或发生)
suspect sb to be... 怀疑某人是……
suspect sb of (doing) sth 怀疑某人(做过)某事
(2)a murder suspect 杀人嫌疑犯
the main/prime suspect 首要嫌疑人
①The police suspected him of telling (tell) a lie about his movements last night.
警方怀疑他关于昨晚的行踪说了谎。
②If the mother has a suspected or confirmed COVID－19 case, breast feeding should be stopped and she should be separated from the baby.
如果母亲疑似或被确诊感染新型冠状病毒肺炎，则应中止母乳喂养，母亲应与婴儿隔离。
[名师提醒]　有些单词词性不同，发音不同。作名词时重音在前，作动词时重音在后，即“名前动后”。

三.blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责(教材P2)
【精讲】 (1)blame sb for (doing) sth　因(做)某事责备某人
blame sth on... 把某事归咎于……
be to blame (for sth) (对某事)负有责任
(2)take the blame for 对……承担责任
put/lay/place the blame for sth on... 把某事归咎于……
If that happens，the coach will take the blame for it.
如果发生那样的事，教练将对此承担责任。
[语境串记]
He is blamed for the big mistake, but he blamed it on others.In fact, it is he, not others, that is to blame for it.
他因这次严重的错误受到了责备，但他把它归咎于别人。事实上，应该是他，而不是别人，对此负责。
四.handle n．把手；拉手；柄 vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)
Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.(教材P2)
因此，他把水泵的手柄拆除了，这样水泵就不能用了。[一词多义]　写出下列句中handle的词性及含义
【精讲】①Slowly he stooped(弯腰) down, grasped the handles on both sides of the box, and gathered all his strength to lift it.n.把手
②But when he finally reached her, the woman flooded him with questions：“Who are you？What antique shop？”However, when she hung up, she regretted the way she had handled the call.vt.处理
③I wasn’t sure if I could handle such a powerful car.vt.操纵
④The label on the box said：“Fragile.Handle with care.”vt.搬动
五.link n．联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联；挽住
Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.(教材P3)此外，斯诺后来能够指出其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同供水公司之间的联系。
【精讲】(1)link...to/with...　把……与……连接/联系起来
be linked to/with 与……有联系/关系
(2)a link between...and... ……与……之间的关系/联系
a rail/road/telephone link 铁路/公路/电话线
①The newly－built subway will link the airport to the city centre.
新建的地铁将把机场和市中心连接起来。
②Yellow is generally linked with confidence, self－respect and friendliness.
黄色一般与自信、自尊和友好联系在一起。
③In my opinion, there is a close link between teachers and students.
在我看来，师生之间有着密切的关系。
六.decrease n．减少；降低；减少量
Through Snow’s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.(教材P3)经过斯诺的不懈努力，供水公司开始销售纯净水，世界各地的霍乱威胁也大量减少。
【精讲】(1)decrease (from...)to(从……)减少到……(表示减少后的量)
decrease by 减少了……(表示减少的量)
decrease in 在……方面减少
(2)a decrease in... ……的减少
on the decrease 在减少
①This species of bird is decreasing in number every year.
这种鸟的种类在逐年减少。
②The price of wheat has decreased by 5%。
小麦价格降低了5%。
③There has been a decrease in traffic accidents.
交通事故减少了。
④The charge for transportation is on the decrease because of lower fuel costs.
由于更低的燃料成本，运输费用在降低。
[链接写作]　补全句子
⑤The new law has come into effect, and the number of wild animals here is increasing/on the increase now.
新的法律已经生效，这里的野生动物的数量正在增加。
七.subscribe to同意；赞同；订购；捐款
Snow subscribed to the second theory.(教材P2)斯诺赞同第二种理论。
【精讲】[一词多义]　写出下列句中subscribe to的含义
①We prefer to subscribe to an alternative explanation.赞同
②Subscribe to the magazine for twelve months and you will receive a free limited－edition T－shirt.订阅
③He is one of the millions who subscribe to the NSPCC.捐款
八.thanks to幸亏；由于
Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow.(教材P3)幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道如何预防霍乱了。
【精讲】表示“由于；因为”的其他常用短语
because of　　　因为；由于(常作状语)
owing to 由于；因为(作状语或表语)
as a result of 作为……的结果；由于(作状语)
due to 因为；由于(作状语或表语)
on account of 由于；因为(作状语或表语)
①His failure is due to the fact that he lacks experience.他的失败是由于缺少经验。
②The train arrived late on account of/as a result of a heavy snow.火车因为大雪晚点了。
③He was injured due to/owing to a car accident.他因为车祸受伤了。
九.get down to开始干，着手做
This was when you should have calmed down and got down to doing some solid work.(教材P5)这时候你本应该冷静下来，开始做一些扎实的工作。
【精讲】get across (to)　　(使)被理解；(把……)讲清楚
get around/round (消息等)传开
get over 越过(墙等)，克服(困难、偏见等)
get through (使)通过，(电话)接通，办完
①The information on the Internet gets around/round much more rapidly than that in the newspaper.
网上的信息比报纸上的信息传播得要快得多。
②I am sure he will get over his illness.我相信他一定会战胜疾病的。
③How long will it take us to get through the customs?通过海关检查要花费我们多长时间？
[名师提醒]　表示“开始做某事”的结构还有：begin/start to do/doing sth, set about doing sth, set out to do sth等。
[链接写作]　补全句子
④I’m going to get down to studying English this term.
这学期我要开始学英语了。
十.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.(教材P2)他发现，在两条特定的街道上，霍乱疫情非常严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。
【精讲】(1)so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句，此结构中so为副词，后面跟形容词或副词。其结构为：
so＋
(2)such...that作“如此……以至于”，连接一个表示结果的状语从句时，与so...that意思相同，但用法不同。such后边要跟名词(这个名词前面可以带形容词，也可以不带)，such...that的句型结构可分以下三种：
①such＋a(n)＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋that...
②such＋adj.＋可数名词复数＋that...
③such＋adj.＋不可数名词＋that...
①This is such an interesting book that we all enjoy reading it.
→This is so interesting a book that we all enjoy reading it.
这本书非常有趣，我们都喜欢看。
②He had so many things to do that he was busy all day long.他要做的事情太多，以至于整天忙个不停。
2.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.(教材P2)这个女人似乎非常喜欢(饮用)水泵里的水，因此她每天都让人把水送到她家。
have sth done结构中过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动的含义，此结构有时也可以用get sth done来替换；其常用三种含义如下：(1)表示“让某人做某事”
(2)表示“遭遇到某种不幸；受到打击”
(3)表示“做完某事(主语可能参与其中)”
①I must have my bike repaired today.我今天一定要找人修我的自行车。
②He had his leg broken when playing football.他踢足球时把腿弄断了。
[链接写作]　补全句子
③He had his computer repaired last weekend.上周末他让人修理了他的电脑。


分层练习



题组A 基础过关练
一.根据首字母或汉语提示拼写单词
1．What was it that made her (改变) from an ordinary woman into a successful lady?
2．I didn’t know how to (应对) the situation, but an idea suddenly struck me that I could turn to my best friend for help.
3．What they may not know is that some bottled water may not be as (干净的) as they expect.
4．Household behaviour actually can make a (重大的) difference, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, according to researchers from Michigan State University and Vanderbilt University.
5．In a world that warms up by 3 ℃， it found that (多种多样的) changes to the colour of the oceans would occur.
6．According to the latest rule, people shall sort (家庭) garbage into four categories.
7．The destruction of the earthquake was so that it might take years to rebuild the city.
8．I keep getting advice—some people tell me to keep it warm and some tell me to put ice on it.
9．Since the of the Novel coronavirus disease, the Chinese have been making all－out efforts to battle against it.
10．Researchers claim to have found the that getting a regular eight－hour sleep every night makes a real difference to our health.
【答案】1.transform 2.handle 3.pure 4.substantial 5.multiple 6.household 7.severe 8.contradictory 9.outbreak 10.proof
二.单句语法填空
1．He is coming here (pure) because he wants to participate in the football championships again.
2．The police suspected him having a part in the jewel robbery.
3．The vaccine is developed to protect the whole population against (infect) of COVID－19.
4．It was reported that Germany had taken a lot of measures to slow the rate of infection, including closing hair and beauty studios.Other non－essential shops (shut) already.
5．I feel it is both of you who are (blame)for the spoiled child.
6．The new student is sincere that all classmates want to make friends with her.
7． seemed that the sea lion didn’t mind being with the tourists at all.
8．Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling very (frustrate) because no customers had come to his restaurant ever since he got up in the morning.
9．The way that he did things was (contradiction) to what he had said earlier this week.
10．Your (subscribe) will be automatically renewed each month without notice until you cancel it.
【答案】1.purely 2.of 3.infection 4.had been shut5.to blame6.so 7.It 8.frustrated 9.contradictory 10.subscription
三.选词填空
subscribe to, die from, attend to, once and for all, in general，for this reason, thanks to, as a result of, what is more, find out, in time
1．When the outbreak of COVID－19 hit the world, tens of thousands of people the disease.
2．In those days doctors had two contradictory theories.Snow the second theory.
3．He was determined to the truth of this incident.
4． , in another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street.
5． , he rose to become a famous doctor, and even Queen Victoria when she gave birth.
6．However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera ．
7． , physics is only one science among many.
8． this evidence, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs.
9． the Chinese people’s united and arduous efforts, the situation in China is getting better.
10． , Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology.
【答案】1.died from2.subscribed to3.find out4.What is more5. In time，attended to6.once and for all7.In general8.As a result of9.Thanks to10.For this reason
四．.补全句子
1．Not many people money can bring happiness.
并不是很多人赞同金钱能带来幸福的观点。
2．Cathy had quit her job when her son was born and raise her family.
凯西在儿子出生时就辞掉了工作，以便能留在家里养家。
3． most of the students went to sleep.
这堂课如此无聊以至于大多数学生都睡着了。
4． they know what they’re doing.
看来，他们知道自己在干什么。
【答案】1.subscribe to the idea/view that2.so that she could stay at home3.The lesson was so boring that/So boring was the lesson that4.It seems that
题组B 能力提升练
一.课文语法填空
In the early 19th century, an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, 1. (cause) millions of deaths.Seeing this, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.At that time, doctors 2. (have) two theories to explain how cholera spread.One was that bad air caused the disease and another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.John Snow discovered that in two particular streets 3. cholera outbreak was so severe that over 500 people died in ten days.He was determined to find out why.Through 4. (he) serious investigation, he found it was the pump water in Broad Street containing germs 5. resulted in the outbreak of cholera.Therefore, he had the handle of the pump 6. (remove) so that it could not be used.Through this intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks.
It turned out that the water from the Broad Street pump 7. (infect) by waste.Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link 8. other cases of cholera and the different water 9. (company) in London.Through Snow’s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.10. (fortunate), we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow.
【语篇解读】　本文介绍了约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王”。
1．causing　【解析】考查非谓语动词。动词cause与an outbreak of cholera之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词作结果状语。
2．had　【解析】考查时态。根据句中的At that time及前后句的时态可知，此处应用一般过去时。
3．the　【解析】考查冠词。根据上文可知，此处指的是19世纪初发生在欧洲的那次霍乱，表特指，故填the。
4．his　【解析】考查代词。根据空后的investigation可知，此处应用he的形容词性物主代词his。
5．that　【解析】考查强调句。found后是一个强调句，强调了句子的主语the pump water in Broad Street containing germs，故填that。
6．removed　【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处考查了“have sth done”结构；remove与the handle of the pump之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此用过去分词。
7．had been infected　【解析】考查时态和语态。根据“It turned out”可知，infect所表示的动作发生在turned out所表示的动作之前，而infect与主语water之间是动宾关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态。
8．between　【解析】考查介词。a link between...and...意为“……与……之间的联系”。
9．companies　【解析】考查名词的数。根据句中的different可知，此处用company的复数形式。
10．Fortunately　【解析】考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处位于句首，修饰整个句子，故用副词。
二.语法填空
No one is sure how many Americans belong to reading groups called book clubs.Yet
1. (publisher) and bookstores report that more and more people throughout the United States are joining 2. (they)．
Most of the clubs work the same way.Members read the same book at the same time.Then they meet to talk about the book.Members may be friends or people
3. live near each other.Some Americans belong to reading groups on
4. Internet.These groups include people around the world who communicate about books they read.They send electronic mails instead of gathering
5. (discuss) books.
Most reading groups study books by 6. (variety) writers.However，some groups read the work of a single writer，7. (usual) one that has been famous for a while.Other groups may 8. (name) after an important person in the work of the writer，9. a Sherlock Holmes Club.Members of these book clubs often are experts about their 10. (choose) reading materials.One member of a Holmes reading group，for example，can identify almost every person in every Sherlock Holmes story.
【语篇解读】　越来越多的美国人正在加入读书俱乐部，读书俱乐部也有各种各样的活动形式。随着科技的发展，现在也有网上读书俱乐部。
1．publishers　【解析】句意：然而出版商和书店告知，越来越多的美国人正在加入读书俱乐部。根据语境及后面的bookstores可知，此处所指的出版商不止一个，且设空处为可数名词，故填publishers。
2．them　【解析】句意见上题解析。设空处在及物动词之后作宾语，应用宾格，且指代上文提到的book clubs，为复数，故填them。
3．who/that　【解析】句意：会员们之间可能是朋友或者是住得比较近的人。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词people，在定语从句中作主语，指人，故填who/that。
4．the　【解析】句意：有些美国人加入了网上的读书俱乐部。on the Internet为固定搭配，故填the。
5．to discuss　【解析】句意：他们发电子邮件而不是聚在一起讨论图书。根据句意可知，设空处应用不定式表目的，故填to discuss。
6．various　【解析】句意：大多数的读书俱乐部会读不同作者的书。设空处应用形容词修饰名词writers，故填various。
7．usually　【解析】句意：然而有些读书俱乐部也会只读某一个作者的书，通常是一段时间以来已经小有名气的作者。设空处应用副词，修饰整句话，故填usually。
8．be named　【解析】句意：其他一些俱乐部可能是以作者作品中的一个重要人物命名的，比如一个叫夏洛克·福尔摩斯的俱乐部。设空处作谓语，且主语和name为逻辑上的被动关系，情态动词后用动词原形，故填be named。
9．like　【解析】句意见上一题解析。设空处是举例，意为“像”，故填like。
10．chosen　【解析】句意：这些读书俱乐部的很多成员在他们挑选的阅读材料方面是专家。设空处应用形容词修饰名词短语reading materials，故填chosen。


题组C 培优拔尖练
What a Scientist Is Like
If you were asked to imagine a scientist, what image would come to your mind? The common idea that most kids from kindergarten through college have of a scientist is a man wearing a white lab coat with messy hair, big glasses, and several glass cups of mysterious colourful liquids giving off clouds of smoke.As for adults, the majority view scientists as strange people who spend 100 hours a week slaving away in a lonely laboratory.However, the reality is quite different.
Recently I’ve had a chance to take part in a scientific experience far from my laboratory and into Costa Rica.It supports a huge amount of wildlife due to its geographical placement between North and South America.It is home to more than 500，000 species, which are at present nearly 4% of the total species worldwide!
First we worked alongside conservationists to preserve wildlife at a leatherback turtle (棱皮龟) rescue centre.We helped the volunteers preserve turtle populations by removing rubbish from the shoreline to create a safe environment for turtle eggs to come out.After that we stayed at Mount Arenal where we studied seismic activity relating to earthquakes.During our stay at Arenal, we rode over the mountainous areas and took a long walk through the rainforest.After reaching the top, we went down and through waterfalls to the beautiful valley below! On the last day we got a hands－on introduction to rocket science where we learnt about new rocket technology that will be used on the international space station.
During my Costa Rica experience, I know that being a scientist doesn’t mean working in a lab all day and night.A scientist is one who loves learning and getting a better understanding of the world from helping preserve wildlife, learning about earthquakes or inventing rockets.I think that schools should really stress that science is so much more than wearing a lab coat and mixing chemicals.Kids need to be aware of the excitement and adventures science can bring!
1．According to the first paragraph, scientists are often believed ．
A．to work as slaves
B．to behave in a strange way
C．to spend too much time in labs
D．to do experiments in messy labs
2．How did the author help to preserve the turtle populations?
A．By creating a safe nest for turtles.
B．By picking up rubbish from the shoreline.
C．By collecting the turtle eggs on the beach.
D．By finding a comfortable environment for turtles.
3．What does the author learn about science from his experience?
A．Science is full of boring experiments.
B．Science is more than working in a lab.
C．Science is related to mysterious liquids.
D．Science is about wildlife and earthquakes.
4．What is the purpose of this passage?
A．To encourage kids to study science.
B．To tell the story of travelling in Costa Rica.
C．To expect more people to travel in Costa Rica.
D．To share the secrets behind science phenomena.

【语篇解读】　人们通常认为科学家整天在实验室做着无聊的实验。作者通过自己的亲身经历向人们展示了科学家并不是人们通常所认为的样子，科学能带来兴奋与奇遇，以此鼓励孩子们要热爱科学，并去研究科学。
1.C　【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段的the majority view scientists...a lonely laboratory可知，人们通常认为科学家大多数时间都在实验室做实验。故选C项。
2.B　【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句We helped the volunteers preserve...to come out.可知，作者是通过清除海岸上的垃圾来为海龟蛋顺利出壳创造安全环境的方式帮助海龟的。故选B项。
3.B　【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段中的I know that being a scientist doesn’t mean working in a lab all day and night和science is so much more than wearing a lab coat and mixing chemicals可知，作者通过这次经历，了解了科学并不仅仅意味着在实验室工作。故选B项。
4.A　【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句I think that schools should really stress...and adventures science can bring！可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励孩子们去学习科学，真正了解科学。