初中英语人教新目标 (Go for it) 版八年级下册Section A优秀课后测评

这是一份初中英语人教新目标 (Go for it) 版八年级下册Section A优秀课后测评，文件包含同步讲义人教版英语八年级下册-Unit2课时1SectionA1a-2d教案docx、同步讲义人教版英语八年级下册-Unit2课时1SectionA1a-2d学案docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共25页， 欢迎下载使用。

Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.
课时1 Section A（1a-2d）
Learning aims:
1.掌握重点单词及短语：cheer, volunteer, sign, notice, lonely, clean up, cheer up, give out, come up with, put off, hand out, used to, call up, care for。
2.正确运用should或could提出建议并对别人的建议做出评价；
3.用“动词不定式”谈论如何帮助他人。
4.对志愿工作者有一个深入的认识，并且能够就自己和他人的能力对志愿者工作提建议，如如何进行宣传等。

重点词汇和短语
1. _______________ v. 欢呼
2. _______________ v. 义务做；自愿做 n. 志愿者
3. _______________ n. 标志；信号；符号；标牌
4. _______________ n. 通知；通告；注意 v. 注意到；意识到
5. _______________ adj. 孤独的；寂寞的
6. ___________________________ 打扫(或清除)干净
7. ___________________________（使）变得更高兴；振奋起来
8. ___________________________ 分发；散发
9. ___________________________ 想出；提出(主意；计划；回答等)
10. ___________________________ 推迟
11. ___________________________ 分发
12. ___________________________ 打电话给(某人)；征召
13. ___________________________ 曾经……；过去……
14. ___________________________ 照顾；非常喜欢
答案：
1. cheer 2. volunteer 3. sign 4. notice 5. lonely
6. clean up 7. cheer up 8. give out
9. come up with 10. put off 11. hand out
12. call up 13. used to 14. care for

1. cheer v. 欢呼；喝彩
cheer up（使）变得更高兴；振奋起来；cheer up既可作及物动词短语，也可作不及物动词短语。同其他动副短语一样，代词作宾语时应放中间。
☞ Cheer up! The news isn’t too bad. 振作起来！这消息不是太坏。
☞ He took her to the cinema to cheer her up. 为了让她高兴起来，他带她去了电影院。学&科网
【知识拓展】
（1）cheer作不及物动词，意为＂欢呼；喝彩＂。
☞ The girls cheered as the famous singer arrived. 当这位著名的歌手到达时，女孩子们为之欢呼。
（2）cheer作及物动词，意为＂为……欢呼，高呼＂。
☞ The whole village turned out to cheer the hero. 全村人都出来向那位英雄欢呼。
（3）cheer作可数名词，意为＂欢呼声；喝彩声＂。常用口语：Cheers! 干杯！
☞ We can hear the cheers of students outside the gym. 我们在体育场外就能听到学生的欢呼声。
2. give out分发；散发
give out作＂分发＂讲时与hand out同义。其后接代词作宾语时，放在两词中间。
☞ Here are some new papers. Give them out. 这儿有些新试卷，把它们发下去吧。
【知识拓展】
（1）give out还可意为＂用完；耗尽＂，为不及物动词短语，主语是被用光、耗尽之物。
☞ Our food will give out. 我们的食物要吃完了。
（2）give out意为＂发出（光、热等）＂时，与give off同义。
☞ The flowers in my garden give out/off a sweet smell. 我花园里的花散发出芬芳的味道。
（3）give out意为＂筋疲力尽＂。
☞ The horse gave out. 马跑不动了。
He plenty of money to the people in the earthquake area .
A．gave out; to give up well B．gave away; help out them
C．gave out; give them up D．gave away; to help them out
【答案】D
【详解】句意“他捐赠了大量的钱给灾区的人们来帮助他们摆脱困境”。give out分发，发放；give away捐赠，赠送。give up放弃，help out帮助摆脱困境。第一空处表示“捐赠大量的钱”，排除A和C；第二空处表示目的，用to do，且在“动词+副词”短语中，若宾语为人称代词宾格，人称代词宾格要放中间，故选D。
3. come up with想出；提出（主意、计划、回答等）
come up with是个短语动词，由＂动词＋副词＋介词＂构成，相当于及物动词，后常跟idea，plan，answer等名词，相当于think of。
☞ Who can come up with another idea? 谁能再想出一个主意？
【注意】come up with还可意为＂追赶上；比得上＂，相当于catch up with。
☞ We have to work hard to come up with them. 我们必须努力工作，赶上他们。
【知识拓展】
与come 相关的短语：
come from来自 come up to达到
come out出来，出版 come on加油
（2021·吉林长春·中考真题）They came up ___________ a good idea to keep their classroom clean and tidy.
【答案】with
【详解】句意：他们想出了一个保持教室整洁的好主意。结合“a good idea...”可知，此处指的是“想出”，英语表达为come up with，故填with。
4. lonely adj. 孤独的；寂寞的
【易混辨析】lonely与alone
lonely
孤独的；寂寞的；偏僻的
形容词（adj.）
定语或表语
alone
独自；单独
形容词（adj.）
或副词（adv.）
作形容词时，只能作表语
☞ The old man lives in a lonely town. He has no children and he is alone. He lives alone, but doesn’t feel lonely. 这位老人住在偏僻的镇上，他没有孩子，是个单身汉。他独自一人住着，但他并不感到孤独。
【知识拓展】
以-ly结尾的单词未必都是副词，除lonely之外，常见的还有：friendly友好的，motherly母亲般的，monthly每月的等。它们皆为形容词，而不是副词。
5. I hope to work outside. 我希望在外面工作。
hope意为＂希望；期望＂；后常接动词不定式；构成短语＂hope to do sth＂意为＂希望做某事＂。
☞ I hope to see my pen pal, Lucy. 我希望见到我的笔友露西。
【易混辨析】 hope与wish＂希望＂不同
hope
hope to do sth ＂希望做某事＂
hope + (that)从句＂希望……＂，常表示可以实现的愿望
wish
wish sb sth＂希望某人……＂，表示祝愿
wish to do sth＂希望做某事＂
wish sb to do sth＂希望某人做某事＂
wish +（that）从句＂希望……＂，常表示不可能实现或实现的可能性较小的愿望
　　hope和wish都可作名词，但hope意为＂希望＂；wish意为＂愿望；心愿；祝愿＂。学&科网
【误区警示】
hope后可接不定式作宾语，但不能接复合宾语。即我们可以表达为：hope to do sth，但不可以表达为hope sb to do sth。
1.I hope I can see you again.（改为同义句）
I hope ______ ______ ______ again.
【答案】to see you
【详解】句意：我希望能再见到你。题目要求改为同义句，原句为“hope +(that)从句”结构，可用“hope to do sth.”结构去替换，即hope to see you。故填to；see；you。
6. how to care for animals 如何照顾动物们
（1）句中＂how to care for animals＂是＂疑问词+不定式＂结构作宾语，可以转化成宾语从句how I can care for animals。
☞ Children should learn how to care for the old. 孩子们应该学习如何照顾老人。
【知识拓展】
＂疑问词+不定式＂结构的用法
（1）构成：＂疑问词+不定式＂结构是英语中常用的一种结构。疑问词是指疑问代词who，whom，what，which，whose和疑问副词when，where，how等。
（2）句法作用：这种结构在句中常作主语、宾语和表语。当此结构作宾语时，可与宾语从句进行同义转换。
（3）常见的可跟此结构作宾语的动词有tell，know，decide，show，ask，consider，discover，explain， learn，understand等。
①请你告诉我如何使用这个电脑程序好吗？
Could you please tell me _____________ _____________ _____________ the computer program?
②我们还没有决定去哪里度假。
We haven’t decided _____________ _____________ _____________ on vacation.
③问题是下一步该做什么。
The problem is _____________ _____________ _____________ next.
【答案】①how to use ②where to go ③what to do
（2）care for意为＂关心，在乎＂， 相当于care about。
☞ We must care for each other and help each other. 我们必须互相关心，互相帮助。
☞ My parents care about my health. 我父母关心我的健康。
【知识拓展】
（1）care for还可意为＂喜欢＂，多用于疑问句和否定句，其同义短语为be fond of。
☞ They do not much care for art. 他们对艺术不是很喜欢。
（2）care for可意为＂照料；照顾＂，与take care of同义。
☞ The mother cared for the sick child day and night. 母亲日夜照料着生病的孩子。
7. You could help to clean up the city parks. 你可以帮着清洁城市公园。
（1）could是情态动词，无人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。句中could用于提出建议，比can语气更为委婉。此外，could还常用于有礼貌地向对方提出要求或请求。
☞ He asked if he could have a cup of coffee. 他问是否可以喝一杯咖啡。
（2）句中help作动词，意为＂帮助＂，后跟不定式作宾语。
☞ Laura helped me to plan my trip. 萝拉帮我规划我的旅游行程。
【知识拓展】help的不同词性
（1）作及物动词，意为＂帮助；援助；促进；对……有帮助＂，其常见用法如下：
后常跟名词、代词作宾语
☞ Let me help you. 让我来帮你。
后常跟动词不定式作宾语或宾语补足语，不定式符号to可省略
☞ Schools need volunteers to help children (to) read. 学校需要义务工作者帮助儿童阅读。
用于某些固定结构中
help sb with sth＂帮助某人做某事＂
help oneself to... ＂自用，自取（食物、饮料等）＂
can’t help doing sth＂忍不住；情不自禁做某事＂
（2）作名词，意为＂帮助；帮忙＂，常用作不可数名词，其常用短语为with the help of...＂在……的帮助下＂。
8. We can’t put off making a plan. 我们不能推迟制订计划。
put off意为＂推迟；拖延＂，是由＂动词+副词＂构成的短语动词，其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。
☞ We can’t put off having the meeting. 我们不能推迟召开这次会议。
【知识拓展】 常见put构成的短语

1．（2021·贵州贵阳·中考真题）Jimmy wants to _________ his trip because he is too busy with his studies.
A．put off B．wait for C．prepare for
【答案】A
【详解】句意：Jimmy想要推迟旅行，因为他忙着学习。考查动词短语。put off推迟；wait for等待；prepare for准备。根据“...because he is too busy with his studies.”可知因为忙于学习，希望推迟旅行。故选A。
重点句型：
1. I hope to work outside. 我希望在室外工作。
hope to do sth. “希望做某事”，动词不定式作hope的宾语。
I hope to see you soon.我希望尽快见到你。
2. You could help to clean up the city parks.
你可以帮忙清洁城市公园。
情态动词could 表示给出建议，此时could并不表示过去，
而是表示一种更委婉的语气，意为“可以”。
3. The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer
them up.这个女孩可以探望医院生病的孩子,使他们振奋起来。
动词不定式to cheer them up 做状语，表示目的。
Let’s go there to watch the game.咱们去那里看比赛吧。
4. They told me stories about the past and how things used
to be. 他们向我讲述了过去的故事以及以前的事物是怎样的。
how things used to be是一个宾语从句，是介词about的宾语。

一、单项选择
1．—Doctor, how can I keep healthy?
—Well, you should first ________ on smoking.
A．cut up B．cut in C．cut down D．cut off
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——医生，我怎样才能保持健康？——嗯，你应该首先减少吸烟。
考查动词短语词义辨析。cut up切碎；cut in打断；cut down削减；cut off中断，切断。所给选项中只有cut down后可以跟介词on，cut down on sth.意为“减少……”。故选C。
2．The ________ pressure you put on yourself, the ________ you will do in the exam.
A．more, worse B．less, worse C．more, worst D．less, worst
【答案】A
【详解】句意：你给自己的压力越大，你在考试中就会表现得越差。
考查比较级。more更多；worse更差；worst最差；less较少。the+比较级，the+比较级，表示“越……，就越……”，排除C和D选项。根据“pressure you put on yourself, the … you will do in the exam”可知，给自己的压力越大，考试就会表现得越差，故选A。
3．— If the tea is too ________, you can add some more water.
— Good idea!
A．strong B．sweet C．terrible D．sour
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——如果茶太浓，你可以再加点水。——好主意！
考查形容词辨析。strong强的、强烈的；sweet甜的；terrible糟糕的；sour酸的。根据“you can add some more water”可知，前文指的是茶太浓了，故选A。
4．The teachers in that school speak either English or French, or even __________.
A．all B．both C．neither D．none
【答案】B
【详解】句意：在那所学校的老师们讲英语或者法语，甚至两个都讲。
考查代词。all所有，三者或三者以上；both两者都；neither两者不；none什么都没有。根据语境“The teachers in that school speak either English or French, or even...”可知，老师们讲英语或者法语，甚至“都讲”。“both”译为“两者都”。故选B。
5．I knew I had to face the problem and __________ it.
A．got off B．got over C．got into D．got back
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我知道我不得不面对这个问题并且克服它。
考查动词短语。got off下车；got over克服；got into进入；got back返回。根据“face the problem and...it”可知是克服困难。故选B。
二、用所给单词适当形式填空
6．The island to the southeast of Africa seems the _________ (lonely) place in the world.
【答案】loneliest
【详解】句意：非洲东南部的岛屿似乎是世界上最人迹罕至的地方。lonely“偏僻的、人迹罕至的”，形容词作定语。根据语境可知，此处是非洲东南部的岛屿与世界上其他岛屿的比较，应用最高级，lonely的最高级形式loneliest。故填loneliest。
7．She appeared ________ (be) in her late thirties.
【答案】to be
【详解】句意：她似乎快三十岁了。appear to be“好像是，仿佛”。故填to be。
8．Don’t forget ________ (bring) your keys.
【答案】to bring
【详解】句意：别忘了带钥匙。根据“Don’t forget...(bring) your keys.”可知，此处是指别忘记带钥匙，forget to do sth“忘记去做某事”，固定短语。故填to bring。
9．He hold some jokes to make Rose ________ (laugh).
【答案】laugh
【详解】句意：他开了一些玩笑逗罗斯笑。make sb do表示“使某人做……”，make为使役动词，空处需填动词原形，作宾语补足语，laugh“笑”，动词。故填laugh。
10．You should warn your group members ________ (not do) it.
【答案】not to do
【详解】句意：你应该警告你的小组成员不要这样做。此处是短语warn sb (not) to do sth“警告某人（不）要做某事”，空处用不定式的否定形式，故填not to do。
11．I happen ________ (know) his new telephone number.
【答案】to know
【详解】句意：我碰巧知道他的新电话号码。happen to do sth.“碰巧做某事”，固定短语，由此可知，空格处用动词不定式作宾语。故填to know。
12．Pollution will become much more serious in the future if we continue ________ (use) plastics and chemicals.
【答案】using##to use
【详解】句意：污染在未来会变得更加严重如果我们继续使用塑料和化学物质。continue to do/doing sth“继续做某事”；use的动名词形式是using。故填using/to use。
13．The woman in red is the ________ of the big restaurant. (own)
【答案】owner
【详解】句意：那个红衣女子是那个大饭店的老板。定冠词the后接名词。根据“of the big restaurant”可知此处应用动词own的名词owner来表示“店主，老板”，且应用其单数形式。故填owner。
14．He often helps his father _________（wash）the car.
【答案】to wash##wash
【详解】句意：他经常帮他父亲洗车。help sb (to) do sth“帮助某人做某事”，为固定短语。故填(to) wash。
15．My parents always remind me ________ (study) hard.
【答案】to study
【详解】句意：我的父母总是提醒我要努力学习。remind sb to do sth“提醒某人做某事”，不定式作宾语补足语，动词用原形，study“学习”，动词。故填to study。
三、完形填空
I was once a volunteer in a village in England. It was quite different ___16___ my home in Sweden. Jane, one of the volunteers from Tanzania, had a friend who was very poor.
She ___17___ all her pocket money to help her friend. It meant that she didn’t have much food to eat, and she had no money to go anywhere outside the village or buy any clothes.
I was so moved and I thought I had to do ___18___, too. So when I bought food one day, I ___19___ to buy her some rice. I started ___20___ to the woman（named Gloria who was also a volunteer）in the shop about my friend Jane.
The woman looked at me, being surprised. “Does she eat noodles?” she asked. “Yes,” I replied.
She immediately started ___21___ a bag with noodles, cookies, sweets and other things until the bag was full. “Give her this for me.” I couldn’t believe ___22___ but cried happily.
Imagine the look on Jane’s face when I gave her the ___23___! She was so happy. A few weeks later, she met Gloria in the shop and ___24___ her very much.
These two wonderful women really showed me ____25____ true kindness is. And the impression（印象）will be kept in my mind for the rest of my life!
16．A．at B．on C．in D．from
17．A．planned B．sent C．carried D．brought
18．A．anything B．nothing C．something D．everything
19．A．decided B．hated C．served D．enjoyed
20．A．laughing B．answering C．telling D．talking
21．A．filling B．taking C．buying D．selling
22．A．them B．it C．her D．him
23．A．money B．shop C．home D．bag
24．A．greeted B．asked C．thanked D．helped
25．A．what B．when C．how D．where
【答案】
16．D    17．B    18．C    19．A    20．D    21．A    22．B    23．D    24．C    25．A
【导语】本文讲述了作者曾经在一个英国村庄当志愿者时的经历，让作者明白了什么是真正的善良。
16．句意：它与我在瑞典的家完全不同。
at在；on在……上；in在……里面；from从；根据“was quite different”可知，此处是be different from“与……不同”，故选D。
17．句意：她把她所有的零用钱都寄去帮助她的朋友。
planned计划；sent寄送；carried携带；brought带来。根据“all her pocket money to help her friend”可知，把所有的零花钱寄给朋友了，故选B。
18．句意：我如此感动，我觉得我也必须做些什么。
anything任何事；nothing没有事；something某事；everything一切。根据“I was so moved and I thought I had to do”可知，句子是肯定句，结合语境可知，应用something表示“某事”，故选C。
19．句意：因此，一天我买食物时，我决定给她买一些大米。
decided决定；hated憎恨；served服务；enjoyed喜欢。根据“when I bought food one day, I...to buy her some rice.”可知，此处指的是“决定给她买一些大米”，decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，故选A。
20．句意：我开始和店里的女人（名叫Gloria，也是一名志愿者）谈论我的朋友简。
laughing笑；answering回答；telling告诉；talking谈话。根据“to the woman（named Gloria who was also a volunteer）in the shop about my friend Jane”可知，此处是talk to sb“和某人交谈”，故选D。
21．句意：她立即开始往袋子里装面条、饼干、糖果和其他东西，直到袋子装满为止。
filling装满；taking带走，拿走；buying买；selling卖。根据“a bag with noodles, cookies, sweets and other things until the bag was full.”可知，此处指的是装满袋子，此处是fill...with...“用……装满……”，故选A。
22．句意：我不敢相信，但高兴地哭了。
them他们；it它； her她；him他。指代前面说到的事，应该用it，故选B。
23．句意：想象一下当我给一包简食物时简的表情。
money钱；shop商店；home家；bag包。根据上文“a bag with noodles, cookies, sweets and other things until the bag was full”可知，此处指的是“给简一包食物”，故选D。
24．句意：几周后，她在商店找到了Gloria并亲自感谢了她。
greeted问候；asked问；thanked感谢；helped帮助。根据“to the woman（named Gloria who was also a volunteer）”以及“She immediately started...a bag with noodles, cookies, sweets and other things until the bag was full...but cried with happiness.”可知，此处指的是“感谢Gloria”，故选C。
25．句意：这两个非凡的女性确实向我展示了什么是真正的普良。
what什么；when何时；how怎么；where哪里。空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作表语，应用what引导宾语从句，故选A。
四、阅读理解
In some Western countries, many children do chores to get pocket money. They usually start to do this when they are ten years old.
School students have to do homework and study for tests. They don’t have much free time on weekdays. They often do chores on weekends.
Young kids only do easy chores. So they don’t get much money. But that’s enough. Many of them only want to buy candy. And candy is cheap! They often help do the dishes, sweep the floor, or feed the pet cat or dog.
When they get older, they want to buy more and more things. They want things that are more expensive than candy. So they have to work harder! They often help their parents wash the family car, cut the grass, or cook meals.
Some jobs are a good way for kids to learn new things. For example, they can learn how to use a lawn mower or how to cook. Of course, their parents help them at first.
26．How do many children get pocket money in some Western countries?
A．They study hard. B．They do chores. C．They do part-time jobs. D．They go to school.
27．When do many children usually begin to do chores in some Western countries?
A．At the age of 10. B．At the age of 13. C．At the age of 15. D．At the age of 9.
28．Eric wants to get more pocket money to buy something expensive. He may ________.
A．do the dishes B．feed the pet cat C．cook meals D．sweep the floor
29．Which of the following is NOT true?
A．Young kids do easy chores because they can get much money from their parents.
B．School students often do chores on Saturdays and Sundays.
C．If kids get older and want something more expensive, they have to work harder.
D．Some jobs are a good way for kids to learn new things.
30．The passage mainly tells us how children in some Western countries ________.
A．find jobs B．get pocket money C．study at school D．do chores
【答案】26．B    27．A    28．C    29．A    30．B
【导语】本文主要讲述了在一些西方国家，许多的孩子通过做家务来赚取零花钱。
26．细节理解题。根据第一段“In some Western countries, many children do chores to get pocket money.”可知，一些西方国家的孩子通过做家务得到零花钱。故选B。
27．细节理解题。根据第一段“They usually start to do this when they are ten years old.”可知，他们通常在10岁开始做家务。故选A。
28．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“They want things that are more expensive than ...They often help their parents wash the family car, cut the grass, or cook meals.”可知，他可以做饭来得到更多的零花钱。故选C。
29．细节理解题。根据第三段“Young kids only do easy chores. So they don’t get much money.”可知，年轻的孩子只能做简单的家务，因此不能够得到太多的零花钱，选项A说法错误。故选A。
30．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了一些西方国家的孩子通过做家务来得到零花钱。故选B。
五、补全对话
选取适当的句子完成对话（有多余项）。
A: Hello, Bob! ____31____
B: I was in the old people’s home.
A: Really? ____32____
B: No. Linda and Bill went there with me.
A: ____33____
B: We cleaned the rooms, washed the clothes and made the bed for the old.
A: ____34____
B: We also sang many songs to the old to make them happy.
A: Sounds great! ____35____
B: We’ll go there again next weekend.
A: Can I join you? I also want to do something for the old.
B: Sure.
A．What did you do there?
B．What do you need to help with?
C．Where were you yesterday?
D．When will you go there again?
E．How often do you visit the old people’s home?
F．Did you go there alone?
G．What else did you do?
【答案】31．C    32．F    33．A    34．G    35．D
【导语】这是一段Bob和说话者A之间的对话，主要内容关于志愿活动。
31．根据下文“I was in the old people’s home.”可知此处在问地点。C选项“你昨天在哪里？”符合语境，故选C。
32．根据下文“No. Linda and Bill went there with me.”可知此处应为一般疑问句，询问对方是否独自去的那里。F选项“你是一个人去的吗？”符合语境，故选F。
33．根据下句提到的“We cleaned the rooms, washed the clothes and made the bed for the old.”都是在养老院做的具体事情，据此可知此处询问在养老院做了什么。A选项“你在那里做了什么？”符合语境，故选A。
34．根据回答中的“also”一词可知此处在问还做了什么。G选项“你还做了什么？”符合语境，故选G。
35．根据下句“We’ll go there again next weekend.”可知此处询问下次去的时间。D选项“你什么时候再去那里？”符合语境，故选D。