高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Working the Land学案设计

Section Ⅲ　Using Language

每/日/金/句：Yuan Longping is an agricultural scientist who keeps as many as one billion people free from hunger.袁隆平是一位农业科学家，他使多达十亿人免于饥饿。

课前预习设计

自读课文　疏通文脉大意

Read the text on Pages 55～56 carefully and then choose the best answer.

1．Why did many farmers welcome chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers involved in farming?

A．They can fight crop disease and increase production.

B．They harm both the land and people's health.

C．They can help produce rich soil.

D．They are not expensive.

2．What concerns many people about the use of pesticides?

A．Pesticides can damage the land.

B．Chemicals can stay in the soil for a long time.

C．Pesticides can kill harmful bacteria and insects.

D．Chemicals may make people ill and even cause cancer.

3．Why do organic farmers change the kind of crop grown in each field every year?

A．It can help put important minerals back into the ground.

B．It can avoid damage to the environment.

C．It can help increase output.

D．The writer doesn't tell us.

4．What is the author's purpose of writing the text?

A．To call on farmers to turn to organic farming.

B．To introduce some good ways to make the soil rich.

C．To urge the government to stop using pesticides.

D．To give some advice on how to increase the output of crops.

精读课文　疏通理解障碍

[读文清障]

①chemical/'kemɪkl/adj.与化学有关的；化学的　n．化学制品；化学品

②organic/ɔː'ɡænɪk/adj.有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的

③pesticide/'pestɪsaɪd/n.杀虫剂；除害药物

④widespread/'waɪdspred/adj.分布广的；普遍的；广泛的

⑤over time 随着时间的推移

⑥bacterium/bæk'tɪəriəm/n.(pl.-ria/-riə/)细菌

⑦not only...but (also)．..不仅……而且……(连接并列成分)

⑧in addition 另外，此外

in addition to 除……之外(还有，也)

⑨in turn 相应地；转而；依次；轮流

⑩digest/daɪ'dʒest/vt.&vi.消化　vt.领会；领悟

⑪DDT n．滴滴涕(旧时尤用作农业杀虫剂)

⑫as for 至于，关于

⑬too...to... 太……而不能……

⑭nutrition/nju'trɪʃn/n.营养；滋养

⑮essential/ɪ'senʃl/adj.完全必要的；极其重要的

be essential to/for 对……来说必不可少

⑯mineral/'mɪnərəl/n.矿物；矿物质

⑰flavour(NAmE-vor)

/'fleɪvə/n.味道；特点；特色

⑱as well 也，又，同样

⑲alternative/ɔːl'tɜːnətɪv/

n．可供选择的事物　

adj.可供替代的；非传统的

⑳switch to 转变；转向

switch off (用开关)关掉；切断(电源)

㉑turn to 转向；求助于；致力于

㉒grocery/'ɡrəʊsəri/n.食品杂货店；[pl.]食品杂货

㉓focus on 关注；聚焦于

㉔free of 无……的；摆脱了

㉕means n．手段；方法

㉖instance/'ɪnstəns/n.例子；实例；事例

for instance 例如；比如

㉗wheat/wiːt/n.小麦；小麦籽

㉘batch/bætʃ/n.一批

a batch of 一批

㉙diverse adj.不同的；多种多样的

㉚depth/depθ/n.向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)

㉛root/ruːt/n.根；根茎；根部；根源

㉜entirely/ɪn'taɪəli/adv.全部地；完整地；完全地

entire adj.全部的；整个的，完全的

㉝serve the demand 满足要求

㉞nowhere near 远不及；离……很远

㉟meet the need 满足要求

㊱sufficient adj.足够的；充分的

[原文呈现]

CHEMICAL①VERSUS ORGANIC②FARMING

Chemical pesticides③ and artificial fertilisers have been in widespread④ use in farming since the middle of the 20th century.When they were first introduced, many farmers welcomed them as a great way to fight crop disease and increase production. 1Over time⑤， however, what some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and people's health．

For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria⑥ and insects, but also⑦ helpful ones.In addition⑧， these chemicals can stay in the soil and underground water sources for a long time.This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn⑨， the animals and humans who digest⑩ them.Many people worry that these chemicals may make them ill and even cause cancer.In fact, some pesticides like DDT⑪ have been prohibited in most countries because of the damage they cause to people and the environment.As for⑫ chemical fertilisers, crops grown with them usually grow too fast to⑬ be rich in nutrition⑭.They may look beautiful on the outside, but inside there is usually more water than essential⑮minerals⑯， and they often have less flavour⑰ as well⑱.

As an alternative⑲， some farmers have switched to⑳ organic farming, and many customers have turned to㉑organic food when they shop at the local grocery㉒.Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals.Organic farmers focus on㉓keeping their soil rich and free of㉔disease through natural means㉕.For example, many organic farmers use natural waste from animals as fertiliser.This makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals.It also keeps the air, soil, water, and crops free of chemicals.

Organic farmers also use many other methods to produce rich soil.They often change the kind of crop grown in each field every year.For instance㉖, they may grow corn or wheat㉗in a field one year, and then grow beans there the next. 2Why different crops are grown is because they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready for the next batch㉘ of crops. Organic farmers also plant diverse㉙crops that use different depths㉚ of soil to help keep it rich. For example, peanuts grow on the ground's surface, but many other vegetables put down deep roots㉛. 3The goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food while avoiding damage to the environment or to people's health.

Some people would prefer to stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture entirely㉜. 4What keeps them from doing so is the fact that chemical farming serves the high demand㉝ for food around the world. Organic farming is nowhere near㉞able to meet that need㉟. 5Therefore, there is still a long way to find a suitable solution that puts sufficient㊱ food on the dinner table while keeping people and the environment as healthy as possible.

[课文翻译]

化学耕作和有机耕作

自20世纪中期以来，化学农药和人工化肥在农业中得到了广泛使用。当它们第一次被引进时，许多农民欢迎它们作为一种对抗作物病害和增加产量的好方法。1.然而，随着时间的推移，一些科学家发现，长期使用它们有时会损害土地和人们的健康。

例如，农药不仅可以杀死有害的细菌和昆虫，还可以杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。此外，这些化学物质会在土壤和地下水源中长期存在。这影响到在土地上生长的作物，进而影响到消化它们的动物和人类。许多人担心这些化学物质会使他们生病甚至致癌。事实上，像滴滴涕这样的杀虫剂在大多数国家已经被禁止了，因为它们对人类和环境造成了破坏。至于化肥，通常施了化肥的农作物生长得太快，无法提供丰富的营养。它们可能外表看起来很漂亮，但里面的水通常比必需的矿物质多，而且味道也不太好。

作为一种选择，一些农民转向有机农业，许多顾客在当地杂货店购物时转向有机食品。有机农业就是不使用任何化学物质的简单农业。有机农场主注重通过自然的方式保持土壤的肥沃和免受病害。例如，许多有机农场主使用来自动物的天然粪便作为肥料。这使得他们地里的土壤矿物质更丰富。它还使空气、土壤、水和农作物不受化学物质的污染。

有机农场主也使用许多其他方法来使土壤肥沃。他们经常每年改变每一块地的作物种类。例如，他们可能一年在一块地里种玉米或小麦，第二年在那里种豆子。2.种植不同的作物是因为它们把重要的矿物质释放回土壤，使其为下一批作物生长做好准备。有机农场主还种植多种作物，利用不同深度的土壤来帮助保持土壤肥沃。例如，花生长在地面上，但许多其他蔬菜扎根很深。3.使用不同的有机耕作方法的目的是种植好的食物，同时避免对环境或人的健康造成损害。

有些人宁愿完全停止在农业中使用人造化学品。4.阻止他们这样做的原因是化学农业满足了世界各地对粮食的巨大需求。有机农业远不能满足那样的需求。5.因此，要找到一个合适的解决方案，使人们的餐桌上有足够的食物，同时保持人们和环境尽可能地健康仍然有很长的路要走。

自查语基　落实基本知能

Ⅰ.核心词汇

根据语境写出正确的单词

1．the ________ industry     化学工业

2．________ farming     有机耕作

3．enjoy ________ respect     受到广泛尊重

4．need time to ________ information    需要一些时间来消化信息

5．Experience is ________ for this job.    对于这个工作， 经验是非常重要的。

6．________ energy     替代能源

7．cover all ________ of city life    涵盖城市生活的各个方面

8．the ________ of the problem    问题的根源

9．a bottle of ________ water    一瓶矿泉水

10．chemical ________     化学农药

Ⅱ.拓展词汇

根据语境写出相应的派生词

1．①provide ________ for you     为你提供营养

②________ food     营养食品

2．①at a ________ of 30 metres    在30米深处

②take a ________ breath     深深地吸了一口气

3．①an ________ different matter    一件完全不同的事情

②the ________ village     整个村庄

Ⅲ.重点短语

1．____________     相应地；转而；依次；轮流

2．____________     例如；比如

3．____________     做笔记

4．____________     对……造成损害

5．____________     至于

6．____________     关注

7．____________     富于；有丰富的……

8．____________     免受(影响、伤害等)

9．____________     随着时间的推移

10．____________     转向有机食品

Ⅳ.重点句型

1．[句型]现在分词短语作状语

[教材]Why different crops are grown is because they put important minerals back into the ground, ________________________________________．

种植不同的作物是因为它们把重要的矿物质带回土壤，从而使之适宜于种植下一批作物。

2．[句型]状语从句的省略

[教材]The goal of using different organic farming methods is to grow good food ________________________ the environment or to people's health.

使用不同的有机耕作方法的目的是种植好的粮食，避免损害环境或者人们的健康。

3．[句型]that引导的同位语从句

[教材]What keeps them from doing so is the fact ________________________________________________________________________．

阻止他们这样做的原因是化学农业满足了世界各地对粮食的巨大需求。

4．[句型]keep sb./sth.＋adj.(宾补) 意为“使某人/某物……”

[教材]Organic farmers focus on ________________________ and free of disease through natural means. 有机农民注重通过自然手段保持土壤肥沃和无病害。

课堂提升素养

探究新知　发展语言知识

1.(教材P55)For example, pesticides can damage the land by killing not only harmful bacteria and insects, but also helpful ones.

例如，农药不仅可以杀死有害的细菌和昆虫，还可以杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。

◎句型公式： not only...but (also)．..不仅……而且……

(1)句中“not only...but also...”结构意为“不仅……而且……”，其中also可以省略。

(2)“not only/just...but (also)．..”连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词的人称与数遵循“就近原则”。

[佳句]　As we all know, reading classics can not only improve our study but also enrich our everyday life.

众所周知，阅读古典文学不仅提高我们的学习，也丰富了我们的日常生活。

[练通]——补全句子/单句语法填空

①Beijing is ________________________________________________________________ (不仅是我国的政治中心，而且是我国的经济中心)．

②Not only the students but also the teacher ________ (be) against the plan.

[写美]——微写作

③它不仅让我们放松，而且给了我们一个更接近大自然的机会。

Not only ________________________ but it also gave us a chance to get closer to nature.

2．(教材P55)This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn, the animals and humans who digest them.

这影响到在土地上种植的作物，进而影响到消化它们的动物和人类。

◎in turn 相应地；转而；依次；轮流

(1)by turns     轮流；交替地

(2)take turns to do sth.    轮流做某事

It is one's turn to do sth.    轮到某人做某事

[佳句]　Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.

理论以实践为基础，反过来又为实践服务。

[练通]——单句语法填空

①He spends too much time on maths, which ________ turn affects the progress of his other subjects.

②When it was my turn ________ (give) a speech, I was too excited to speak.

③When my mother was ill, my brother took turns ________ (take) care of her.

[写美]——微写作

④一方面，它不仅有助于强身健体，还相应地帮助我们更有效地学习。

For one thing, not only does it help to build up our health, but it also helps us ________________________________．

◎digest vt.&vi.消化　vt.领会；领悟　n．文摘

(1)digest food     消化食物

digest the information     领会信息

(2)a monthly news digest     每月新闻摘要

[佳句]　You should allow a little time after a meal for the food to digest.

饭后你应该留点时间让食物消化。

[练通]——写出下列句中digest的词性和含义

⑤You shouldn't go swimming until your food has had a chance to digest. ________

⑥Digested rapidly by the body, sugar provides a quick energy source. ________

⑦The magazine she gave me is Reader's Digest. ________

⑧It took me a long time to digest the theory put forward at the meeting. ________

3．(教材P55)They may look beautiful on the outside, but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals, and they often have less flavour as well.

它们可能外表看起来很漂亮，但里面通常有更多的水分，而不是基本的矿物质，而且它们通常也没有那么多的味道。

◎essential adj.完全必要的；极其重要的

(1)be essential to    对……不可缺少的

(2)It is essential for sb. to do sth.    对某人来说做某事是必要的

It is essential that...should do sth.    做某事是必不可少的

[佳句]　As far as I'm concerned, money is not essential to happiness.

就我个人而言，金钱对于幸福并非必不可少。

[写美]——补全句子

①有必要把这些申请表尽早寄回。

It is essential that these application forms ________________________________________．

②丰富多样的文化生活对这对夫妇而言是至关重要的。

A rich and varied cultural life ______________ this couple.

4．(教材P55)As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming, and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery.

作为一种选择，一些农民转向有机农业，许多顾客在当地杂货店购物时转向有机食品。

◎alternative n．可供选择的事物　adj.可供替代的；非传统的

(1)have no alternative but to do sth.    别无选择只好做某事

an alternative to...    ……的替代品

(2)alternatively adv.    可供选择地

[佳句]　If you don't like the school lunch, you have the alternative of bringing your own.

要是你不喜欢学校的午餐， 你可以自己带饭。

[练通]——单句语法填空

①In order to reduce pollution，we have no alternative but ________ (choose) some clean resources.

②The Internet also provides us with a cheap alternative to ________ (communicate) with others.

[写美]——词汇升级

③Faced with COVID-19, we have no choice but to stay at home to alleviate the serious situation.

→Faced with COVID-19, we have no ________ but to stay at home to alleviate the serious situation.

5．(教材P56)Why different crops are grown is because they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready for the next batch of crops.

种植不同的作物是因为他们把重要的矿物质带回土壤，使其为下一批作物生长做好准备。

◎句型公式：现在分词短语作结果状语

现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的、意料之中的结果；不定式短语作结果状语表示偶然的、意料之外的结果，且前面常有only修饰。

[佳句]　Nature has provided our country with wealthy natural treasures, making it a happy home for us.

大自然为我们的国家提供了丰富的自然宝藏，使之成为我们幸福的家园。

[练通]——单句语法填空

①Unfortunately his father died, ________ (leave) the family even worse off.

②He rushed to the airport, only ________ (find) that the plane had taken off.

[写美]——应用文佳句

③越野比赛使得我们可以临时从学业中走出来，使得我们更加精力充沛、更加高兴。

The Cross-Country Running Race allowed us to escape from our lessons for a while, ________________________________________．

6．(教材P56)Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich.

有机农场主种植多种作物，利用不同深度的土壤来帮助保持土壤肥沃。

◎depth n．向下(或向里)的距离；深(度)

[佳句]　We have expressed the depth of our gratitude to them.

我们向他们表达了深深的谢意。

[练通]——单句语法填空

①His ideas lack ________ (deep)．

②As far as I know, her lies hurt her father ________ (deep)．

③College students can gain social experience and ________ (broad) their horizons because of doing part-time jobs.

Section Ⅲ　Using Language

Part 1

自读课文——疏通文脉大意

1．A　2.D　3.A　4.A

自查语基——落实基本知能

Ⅰ.

1．chemical　2.organic　3.widespread　4.digest　5.essential　6.alternative　7.aspects　8.root　9.mineral　10.pesticide

Ⅱ.

1．nutrition; nutritious

2．depth; deep

3．entirely; entire

Ⅲ.

1．in turn　2.for instance　3.take notes　4.do damage to　5.as for　6.focus on　7.be rich in　8.free of　9.over time　10.turn to organic food

Ⅳ.

1．making it ready for the next batch of crops

2．while avoiding damage to

3．that chemical farming serves the high demand for food around the world

4．keeping their soil rich

Part 2

探究新知——发展语言知识

1．①not only the political centre but also the economic centre of our country　②is　③did it give us relaxation

2．①in　②to give　③to take　④to learn more effectively in turn　⑤vi.消化　⑥vt.消化　⑦n.文摘　⑧vt.领会；理解

3．①(should) be sent back as early as possible　②is essential for

4．①to choose　②communicating　③alternative

5．①leaving　②to find

③leaving us more energetic and happier

6．①depth　②deeply　③broaden