高中英语外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 6 Nurturing nature第1课时课后练习题

这是一份高中英语外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 6 Nurturing nature第1课时课后练习题，共20页。

选择性必修第一册练习
Unit 6 Nurturing Nature
Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The villagers have been planting trees to make a ___________ (巨大的) wood.
2．Although the coral looks hard，it is very ___________ (脆弱的)．
3．You will be able to walk the dog at ___________ (闲暇) through the gardens.
4．They suffer from health problems because of the long term effects of ___________ n(辐射)．
5．They ___________ (徘徊) off in the direction of the nearest park.
6．China's ___________ (经济) has been growing in recent years with various policies.
7．We are the developer and ___________ (经营者) for these projects.
8．The naughty boy ___________ (扰乱) other children in the class and was punished by the teacher.
Ⅱ.短语填空
in length；put into operation；catch one's eye；reach out；wander around；at one's leisure
1．The project can be ___________ if the environment protection installations are examined.
2．Take the storybooks home and read them ___________.
3．I took my grandma's hand and we started to ___________.
4．All the videos for the online learners must be under 5 minutes ___________.
5．The shy girl at the back of the class ___________.
6．She ___________ eagerly to feel its warmth，but the stove disappeared.
III.单句语法填空
1．Who was the last ____________(finish) the experiment that day?
2．This is a new ship and has been put ____________operation recently.
3．The thief deserved ____________(punish).
4．After wandering ____________ we found ourselves lost in the desert.
5．She reached out ____________ help with trembling hands.
6．Her mother ____________ length agreed to this arrangement.
7．Our library contains books and magazines for everyone to read ____________their leisure.
8．Will you please keep your eye ____________ my house while I'm on vacation?
9．She claimed ____________(be) the greatest living fan of Picasso.
10．Do you want to find unexpected love and ____________(admire)?
IV.课文语法填空
I was one of the people who work on Qinghai­Tibet Railway，1. _________ was completed by 2. _________ (overcome) the most difficult engineering challenges to protect the delicate ecosystem. To allow animals to move 3. _________ (safe) and freely，thirty­three passages have been built. To prevent damage to wetlands and grasslands,675 bridges，which is about 160 kilometres in 4. _________ (long)，were build and 140,000 square metres of wetland 5. _________ (move) to protect its distinct ecosystem. Tanggula Station，6. _________ (locate) at over 5,000 metres above sea level，is the highest railway station in the world. To keep us 7. _________ (health)，several oxygen­making stations were constructed. To protect Cuona Lake 8. _________ construction waste, a twenty­kilometre wall was built. Thanks to our efforts，passengers 9. _________ have been attracted by the Qinghai­Tibet Plateau, have been enjoying these 10. _________ (magic) landscapes.
V 阅读理解
A
（2019高二下·厦门期末）
    China's self-developed floating airship Jimu No.1 has set a new world record, reaching an altitude of 7,003 meters on May 23rd in Southwest China's Tibet Autonomous Region.
    Jimu No.1 is a lighter-than-air ship with a volume（体积）of 2,300 cubic meters. Its surface is made of composite fabric（复合织物）, which can withstand low temperatures of -70℃. Equipped with scientific instruments, it conducts upper air observations and collects weather data.
    Floating airships play a significant role in high-altitude observations and tracking climate and geological changes. Compared with observation stations on the ground, they can make stereoscopic（有立体效果的）observations that provide more accurate data as the airships can directly travel to test areas and are less affected by buildings and local terrain（地形）.
    Jimu No.1 is being used in a monitoring project, part of China's second Qinghai-Tibet research mission, which aims to help researchers understand the source of the water supply and water transmission routes on the plateau. Named "the Third Pole" and "the Water Tower of Asia," the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau provides water to many Asian rivers, making it an ideal place for carrying out high-altitude projects and conducting research in water, ecology and human activities.
    Jimu No.1 has been breaking records. It set the previous records of over 6,200 meters in January, and 6,300 meters in April. And floating airships are expected to reach an altitude of 10,000 meters in the future.
（1）What can we learn from paragraph 2?
A.The exact weight of Jimu No.1.
B.The highest speed of Jimu No.1.
C.The characteristic of composite fabric.
D.The working rules of the instruments.
（2）Floating airships beat ground observation stations in that ________.
A.air currents can be better observed by airships
B.airships won't be affected by buildings and local terrain
C.ground stations only track climate and geological changes
D.data from airships' stereoscopic observations are more accurate
（3）What field may research in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau cover?
①water    ②poles    ③water towers    ④ecology    ⑤human activities
A.①②③
B.①④⑤
C.③④⑤
D.②③④
（4）What can be the best title for the text?
A.China is carrying out a mission in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
B.China's self-developed floating airship reaches record height
C.The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is ideal for high-altitude research
D.Floating airships have a long way to go in upper air observations
B
（2021高三下·成都月考）
The Tibet autonomous region has placed nearly half its land area under the strictest ecological supervision (监督).It was announced at an annual meeting of the regional People's Congress, which kicked off on Wednesday.
The ecological protection area, which covers more than 539,000 square kilometers, makes up 45 percent of the region's area, and 22 ecological reserves have been built and are operational.
According to the government work report, the rate of days with good air quality in Tibet's cities has reached 99.4 percent, and all the region's drinking water sources have met applicable standards.
The report also said that the number of Tibetan antelope (羚)in the region has risen to more than 200,000, wildlife species to 1,072 and black-necked cranes to more than 8,000. Five rare new species have been discovered in recent years. The region has spent 12.2 billion yuan ($1.9 billion) on ecological protection projects in recent years. Five cities and three counties have been named as national-level ecologically civilized model cities and counties, and more rural residents have benefited financially by undertaking part-time ecological protection work.
More advanced monitoring facilities have been in place in the reserve, with more ecological protection inspectors employed to undertake protection work. The professional ecological inspectors are provided with basic tools such as motorcycles, telescopes and paging receivers, and they provide feedback regularly. Professional inspectors also receive one week of training every year from professors at Tibet University.
Kunsang Darje, a railway maintenance worker in Nagchu, said that apart from maintaining the railway and highway, he also collects trash along the section with his colleagues. "The place I work is in a no-man's land, and I think it's very important to protect the animals there without affecting them with human activities, and we are also bound to take responsibility there," he said.
1What is the main idea of the text?
A. The ecological situation in Tibet has been totally improved.
B. Almost half Tibetan land has been ecologically supervised.
C. Many more operational ecological reserves have been built.
D. More Tibetan protection inspectors have been employed.
2Which of the following is the positive effect of Tibet's ecological protection?
A. Larger protection areas.                                   B. Numerous rare new species.
C. More days with quality air.                              D. Global capital investments.
3By doing ecological protection work,         .
A. protection inspectors can employ other people
B. protection inspectors are supplied with cars
C. Tibet's rural residents can get annual training
D. Tibet's rural residents can earn extra money
4What can be inferred from Kunsang Darje's words?
A. He asks his colleagues not to litter everywhere.
B. He attaches importance to raise animals there.
C. He keeps railway and highway in good condition.
D. He has a sense of duty to protect animals there.
C
（2020高三上·上海期中）
Scenery along the "sky road"
For centuries, Tibet has not been explored as much by the outside world due to its remote location, extreme climate and geographic environment. Dubbed the "sky road", the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has become the most popular and convenient way to connect Tibet to the rest of China. This 1,956-kilometer-long world-renowned railway begins in Xining and ends in Lhasa. The stunning scenery along the railway offers not only a feast for the eyes, but also a journey for the soul.
Qinghai Lake: A paradise for birdwatchers and cyclists
Dazzling like a crystal-clear gem, Qinghai Lake is the largest inland lake as well as saline lake in China. Be it the blue sky and water, the green grassland or mesmerizing landscapes---Qinghai Lake boasts great charms that are worth exploring.
Qinghai Lake is definitely a paradise for bird lovers as many different kinds of birds would fly here to breed in May and June due to the mild weather. Meanwhile, for cyclists, cycling around the lake not only allows them to enjoy the beauty of the lake view, but also while away the time.
 Tips: The best time to visit the Qinghai Lake is from April to August as numerous Cole flowers blossom along the lake during that time, forming breathtaking scenery for visitors. In addition, May and June is the best season for bird lovers.
Kunlun Mountains: More than just mountains
As the train keeps moving up, a picturesque view of Kunlun Mountains appears before you.
Reputed as the holy mountains, Kunlun Mountains extend west from the Pamirs with a length of 2,500 kilometers. The 6,178-meter Yuzhu Peak is the highest of the Kunlun Mountains in Qinghai. The high peaks of the mountains are covered with snow and mist all year round, creating must-see view along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway.
It's worth mentioning that the Yuzhu Peak is the first sightseeing station for passengers, which allows them to get off the train and take photos outside. For climbing beginners, this peak is considered to be the ideal destination as its route requires less technique.
Hoh Xil Nature Reserve: Forbidden zone for humans
Hoh Xil, which means" green mountains" in Mongolian, is a plateau between the Kunlun and Tanggula mountain ranges, with an average altitude of 5,000 meters. Home to many wild animals, including the Tibetan antelope and the wild yak(牦牛), the Hoh Xil Nature Reserve is undoubtedly a desolate region in the northwestern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China.
The extensive area of alpine mountains is situated more than 4,500 meters above sea level, where sub-zero average temperatures prevail all year round. The geographic and harsh climatic conditions have made this place become the"forbidden zone for humans". This is probably one of the few places left on Earth where one could get off the beaten track and find inner peace.
Tips: As there are no signs in the Hoh Xil Nature Reserve, visitors often get lost here. Remember to bring a local herdsman with you or rent car to travel.
Lhasa: The start of the journey to Tibet
The final destination of the Qinghai-Tibet train trip-Lhasa, offers almost every aspect of Tibetan culture. If one must pick a name card for Lhasa, then Potala Palace is very likely to be the answer for that. No one can really say that he/she has visited Lhasa unless they have been to Potala Palace. To start a journey in Lhasa, the Potala Palace is must-see destination for travelers from home and abroad.
（1）If you are a person desiring for an inner state of tranquility (安宁), which of the destinations is a must-see one along the "sky road"?
A.Qinghai Lake
B.Kunlun Moutains
C.Hoh Xil Nature Reserve
D.Lhasa
（2）Qinghai Lake is an ideal place to appreciate the following scenery EXCEPT ______.
A.green grassland
B.snow-capped mountains
C.blossoming flowers
D.breeding birds
（3）Which of the following descriptions is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Railway passengers can take photos near the Yuzhu Peak, but are forbidden to go mountain-climbing.
B.The Qinghai-Tibet Railway stretches more than 2,000 kilometers beginning in Xining and ending in Rikaze.
C.Some road signs are available in Hoh Xil Nature Reserve for tourists to find their exact location.
D.As a representative place for Lhasa, Potala Palace enjoys a world-wide reputation among travelers.
D
（2019高一下·南海月考）
    The Trans-Siberian Railway is a single train line that crosses nearly the complete length of Russia, from Moscow to Vladivostok. It covers a total of 5,772 miles, running from Europe to Asia. Unlike the longest flight in the world, which just began transporting passengers in 2018, the Trans-Siberian Railway started its business in 1916.
    Anyone who has taken this long journey, or even just part of it, will tell you that it travels at a rather slow speed, passing through some amazing, remote areas of Russia. You don't have to make the full journey without stopping. Instead, you're suggested to get off where there are attractive views, since it stops in some pretty fantastic places. But you certainly can take the full journey non-stop. If you do, the trip will take about 144 hours—six full days!
    You can book tickets with travel agencies. You can also make the booking online and tickets will be sent to your hotel or personal address. Children under 4 years old accompanied by adults can travel free, but cannot take up a seat. A child ticket needs to be bought if you want to get a seat for the child.
    There are longer railway services in the transportation world, but only one of them is a passenger line as some longer routes transport goods, not travelers. This railway may not be the fastest or the most modern, but it's clearly still an important player in the transportation world!
（1）Why is the longest flight mentioned in the first paragraph?
A.To compare the two different ways of transport.
B.To state the Trans-Siberian Railway is out of date.
C.To explain how long the Trans-Siberian Railway covers.
D.To show the great history of the Trans-Siberian Railway.
（2）Which of the following statements about the Trans-Siberian Railway is true?
A.A non-stop journey is suggested.
B.It takes six full days to finish a non-stop trip.
C.Children are always free of charge on this trip.
D.It is the longest railway in the transportation world.
（3）Where does this passage probably come from?
A.A history textbook.
B.A science fiction.
C.a business journal.
D.A travel magazine.
VI. 任务型阅读
（2020高三上·荣成期中）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
High on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau lies China's "Water tower" Sanjiangyuan.________The three rivers: the Yellow River, the Yangtze River and Lancang River, provide water for about half the population of China. However, human activities such as overgrazing(过度放牧) are putting this ecosystem at risk.
________. In 2016, the Chinese government established Sanjiangyuan National Park, which was a pilot (试行) program for China's national park system.________Due to the progress made in the region, Qinghai held the first National Park Forum on Aug 19.
Sanjiangyuan National Park is a model of eco-protection.________For example, Herdsmen have given their grasslands to nature and resettled in urban area. As for wildlife, they are monitored by field conservation stations to keep the environment in good condition.
The idea of a national park system is still new in China, but it must be realized. As President Xi wrote in the congratulatory letter to the forum, "Building an ecological civilization bears great significance in the development and progress of human civilization." With great efforts，people may one day be able to enjoy themselves in the vast lands of Sanjiangyuan and run freely across the plains alongside nature's animals.________
A. Hopefully, though, we have realized the damage.
B. It's home to the headwater of China's three big rivers.
C. Unfortunately, the situation has got worse and worse.
D. It attracts visitors with its fantastic nature beauty and various wildlife.
E. The park has increased the area's green coverage and attracted more wildlife.
F. Hopefully, the success of Sanjiangyuan will mark the start of a greener future.
G. The local government has different ways of slowing environmental degradation.
VII. 完形填空
（2020高二上·绵阳开学考）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Ask people to name the world's tallest peak and anybody with sound general knowledge will name Mount Qomolangma. But quiz them on its exact    1   and many will be not sure.
In 1975, Chinese surveyors    2    that Mount Qomolangma (Mount Everest) was 8848. 13 meters high. As    3    improved, satellites, photoelectricity, radars and gravity measurement technologies were    4    to get more exact figures. Of course, someone still had to carry    5    to what is the world's rooftop.
In 2005, a Chinese team scaled Qomolangma and found that it was not as high as that, as they    6    the height to be 8844. 43 meters. Scaling Qomolangma is no    7    task. The average air temperature there is -29 degrees Celsius, even four degrees   8    than in Antarctica. The snow there is 4 —5 meters thick and hurricane-like    9    blow all the time. Team members were training to    10   the extreme conditions.
In a nutshell, measuring the Qomolangma's height is a tall order,    11    huge amounts of money and human resources. But it is worth the   12   . Qomolangma is the perfect    13    for observing crustal (地壳的) movements. And changes to the peak's height could    14    whether the two plates are heading toward or away from each other.
Besides, the condition of snow and other natural materials at the top is an indicator of upcoming climate change on the Tibet-Qinghai Plateau. That's    15    measuring the Qomolangma's height is so significant. Put to good use, it can benefit mankind.
1. A. location
B. appearance
C. area
D. height
2. A. determined
B. assumed
C. estimated
D. admitted
3. A. condition
B. technology
C. society
D. economy
4. A. employed
B. expected
C. approached
D. inspired
5. A. weapons
B. vehicles
C. instruments
D. packages
6. A. changed
B. calculated
C. extended
D. expanded
7. A. glorious
B. easy
C. admirable
D. tough
8. A. colder
B. hotter
C. higher
D. lower
9. A. snows
B. rains
C. winds
D. snowflakes
10. A. cope with
B. fight for
C. take on
D. carry out
11. A. wasting
B. spending
C. overcoming
D. involving
12. A. effort
B. loss
C. harvest
D. achievement
13. A. channel
B. window
C. solution
D. entrance
14. A. measure
B. foresee
C. indicate
D. expose
15. A. where
B. how
C. why
D. whether
VIII. 语法填空（2020高一下·雅安期末）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
    I like traveling. I ________(travel) to many places since I went to college，and my travel to Tibet impressed me ________(deep). I took the train there with my friends and enjoyed the scenery all the way. When the train ________(get) close to Tibet，I had a headache. Then I found________difficult to breathe and felt very tired. I knew that all my ________(symptom) were called altitude(海拔) sickness. And it took me a few hours to get used to it. Tibet, ________(know) as the "Roof of the World", has ________great many world-famous places of interest， including the model of Tibetan architecture, Potala Palace and Mount Everest. So when I felt a little________(well), I couldn't wait to head towards them. I was surprised ________(find) that the top of Mount Everest was covered with snow even in July and ________ the sun came out, it became pure and beautiful.














参考答案
I【答案】1-5 massive delicate leisure radiation wandered
6 -8 economy operator disturbed
【解析】
1. 句意：村民们为了实现一个巨大的树林而一直在植树。
2. 句意：尽管珊瑚看上去硬，但是很脆弱的。
3. 句意：你可以在闲暇时花园里遛狗。
4. 句意：他们因为辐射的长期影响而饱受健康问题。
5. 句意： 他们徘徊着朝着最近的公园走去。
6. 句意：有了各种新政策，中国的经济在最近几年一直在增长。
7. 句意：我们是这些工程的开发者和经营者。
8. 句意：那个淘气的男孩在课堂上扰乱了其他孩子，受到了老师的惩罚。
II
【答案】
1. put into operation
2. at your leisure
3. wander around
4. in length
5. caught my eye
6. reached out
【解析】
1. 句意：如果环保设施经过检查的话，这项工程就可以开始执行。
2. 句意：把故事书带回家，闲暇的时候读一读。
3. 句意：我挽起奶奶的手，开始在树林里闲逛。
4. 句意：提供给线上学习者的视频时长必须在五分钟以下。
5. 句意：班级后排那个害羞的女孩吸引了我的注意。
6. 句意：她急切地伸出手感受温暖，但是炉子消失了。
III
【答案】
1. to finish
2. into
3. punishing/to be punished
4. around
5. for
6. at
7. at
8. on
9. to be
10. admiration

【解析】略
IV
【答案】1-5which
overcoming
safely
length
was moved
6-10located
healthy
from
who
magical

【解析】略
IV
A【答案】 （1）C
（2）D
（3）B
（4）B
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了中国最新自我研发的飞艇Jimu一号创造了新的世界记录，达到前所未有的海拔高度。它能够在高海拔低气温区域进行作业。目前已经用于青藏高原地区的观测任务中。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"Its surface is made of composite fabric（复合织物）, which can withstand low temperatures of -70℃."它的外壳是由复合织物制成，这种物质能承受零下70度的低温，所以根据本段我们可以了解到复合织物的相关知识。故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Compared with observation stations on the ground, they can make stereoscopic（有立体效果的）observations that provide more accurate data "和地表上的其他观测站相比，他们提供立体效果的观察结果，这些结果提供更准确的数据。可知，漂浮飞艇的长处在于提供更准确的数据。故选D。
（3）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的“Named‘the Third Pole’ and ‘the Water Tower of Asia,’the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau provides water to many Asian rivers, making it an ideal place for carrying out high-altitude projects and conducting research in water, ecology and human activities.”被誉为世界第三极和亚洲水塔，青藏高原给亚洲很多河流提供水源，这让它成为一个实施高海拔项目和进行水，生态系统和人类活动研究的理想之地。可知，青藏高原可以提供水，生态系统和人类活动方面的研究。故选B。
（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段可知，本文讲述中国自主研制的"Jimu一号"在西藏自治区境内成功登顶海拔7,003米，创造了新的世界纪录。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
B【答案】 1B
2C
3D
4D
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了西藏自治区的生态转好的现象。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
1.考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“The Tibet autonomous region has placed nearly half its land area under the strictest ecological supervision（监督）.”西藏自治区接近一半的土地实施了最严格的生态监管中。可知，西藏自治区接近一半的土地被进行了严格的生态监督，故选B。
2考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“According to the government work report, the rate of days with good air quality in Tibet's cities has reached 99.4 percent“根据政府工作报告，西藏城市优质空气质量天数的比例已经达到99.4%。可知，西藏生态保护的积极影响是：西藏的空气质量得到改善，更多的日子有优质的空气，故选C。
3考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“more rural residents have benifited financially by undertaking part-time ecological protection work.”更多的乡村居民兼职做环保工作可以在财政上获得补贴。可知，通过生态保护工作，乡村居民可以赚更多的钱。故选D。
4考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“The place I work is in a no-man's land, and I think it's very important to protect the animals there without affecting them with human activities, and we are also bound to take responsibility there“我工作的地方是一个无人区，并且我认为在不影响动物与人类活动的基础上，保护那儿的动物是非常重要的。我们也应该负起责任。可知，Kunsang Darje有保护那里的动物的责任感。故选D。
 
C【答案】 （1）C
（2）B
（3）D
【解析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了被称为“天空之路”的青藏铁路沿线的一些旅游胜地，包括青海湖，昆仑山脉，可可西里自然保护区和拉萨。
（1）考查细节理解。根据Hoh Xil Nature Reserve: Forbidden zone for humans部分中的“This is probably one of the few places left on Earth where one could get off the beaten track and find inner peace.”这里可能是地球上为数不多的可以打破常规，获得内心平静的地方了。可知，对于渴望内心安宁的人来说，可可西里自然保护区是一个必须要去的地方。故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据Qinghai Lake: A paradise for birdwatchers and cyclists部分中的“ the green grassland or mesmerizing landscapes”绿色的草地或迷人的风景；以及“Qinghai Lake is definitely a paradise for bird lovers as many different kinds of birds would fly here to breed in May and June due to the mild weather.”青海湖绝对是爱鸟者的天堂，因为五六月温和的天气，许多不同种类的鸟都会飞到这里繁殖。和Tips中“The best time to visit the Qinghai Lake is from April to August as numerous Cole flowers blossom along the lake during that time”4月至8月是游览青海湖的最佳时间，因为在这段时间，许多油菜花沿湖开放。可知，A、C、D三项都提到了，而没有提到在青海湖可以看到雪山。故选B。
（3）考查细节理解。根据Lhasa: The start of the journey to Tibet部分中的“If one must pick a name card for Lhasa, then Potala Palace is very likely to be the answer for that. ”如果一定要选一张拉萨的名片，那么很可能是布达拉宫；以及“To start a journey in Lhasa, the Potala Palace is must-see destination for travelers from home and abroad.”在拉萨旅行，布达拉宫是海内外游客必去的地方。可知，作为拉萨的代表，布达拉宫在旅游者中享有世界声誉。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。
D【答案】 （1）D
（2）B
（3）D
【解析】本篇是一篇应用文，介绍了西伯利亚大铁路以及坐这趟线路旅行的一些相关信息。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中"Unlike the longest flight in the world, which just began transporting passengers in 2018, the Trans-Siberian Railway started its business in 1916."可知，世界上最长的航班2018年才开始运送乘客，但跨西伯利亚铁路在1916年开始运营。通过对比突出了西伯利亚铁路的历史悠久，展现了其伟大的历史，故选D。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“But you certainly can take the fill journey non-stop. If you do, the trip will take about 144 hours—six full days!” 可知，如果中间不下车，整个旅行要花整整六天，故选B。
（3）考查推理判断。本文介绍了西伯利亚大铁路，也介绍了订票以及游玩方式，所以这最有可能来自旅游杂志，故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
VI. 任务型阅读【答案】 B；A；E；G；F
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国将建立以三江源为龙头的国家公园系统及其重要意义。
（1）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“High on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau lies China's ‘Water tower’ Sanjiangyuan.”中国的“水塔”三江源坐落在青藏高原的高处；以及空后“The three rivers: the Yellow River, the Yangtze River and Lancang River, provide water for about half the population of China.”三江:黄河、长江和澜沧江，为中国大约一半的人口提供水源。可知，此句为承上启下句。选择项中It指代上句中的“Sanjiangyuan”，“three big rivers”与下句中的“The three rivers”保持一致。B. It's home to the headwater of China's three big rivers.“它是中国三大河流的源头。”符合上下文语境，故选B。
（2）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“However, human activities such as overgrazing(过度放牧) are putting this ecosystem at risk.”然而，过度放牧等人类活动正将这个生态系统置于危险之中；以及空后“In 2016, the Chinese government established Sanjiangyuan National Park, which was a pilot(试行) program for China's national park system.”2016年，中国政府设立了三江源国家公园，这是中国国家公园体系的一个试点项目。可知，我们已经意识到保护生态环境的重要性。A. Hopefully, though, we have realized the damage.“然而，令人欣慰的是，我们意识到了这种损害。”符合上下文语境，故选A。
（3）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“In 2016, the Chinese government established Sanjiangyuan National Park, which was a pilot(试行) program for China's national park system.” 2016年，中国政府设立了三江源国家公园，这是中国国家公园体系的一个试点项目；以及空后“Due to the progress made in the region, Qinghai held the first National Park Forum on Aug 19.”由于该地区取得的进展，青海省于8月19日举行了首届国家公园论坛。可知，我们已经意识到保护生态环境的重要性。选择项中“The park”指代前句中的“Sanjiangyuan National Park”。E. The park has increased the area's green coverage and attracted more wildlife.“公园增加了该地区的绿色覆盖率，吸引了更多的野生动物。”符合上下文语境，故选E。
（4）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后“For example, Herdsmen have given their grasslands to nature and resettled in urban area. As for wildlife, they are monitored by field conservation stations to keep the environment in good condition.”例如，牧民把草原交给大自然，重新安置在城市。至于野生动物，野外保护站会对它们进行监测，以保持环境的良好状态。可知，这里是保护环境所采取的措施。G. The local government has different ways of slowing environmental degradation.“当地政府有各种减缓环境恶化的方法。”符合上下文语境，故选G。
（5）考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前“The idea of a national park system is still new in China, but it must be realized.”国家公园系统的想法在中国仍然是新的，但它必须实现；以及“With great efforts，people may one day be able to enjoy themselves in the vast lands of Sanjiangyuan and run freely across the plains alongside nature's animals. ”经过艰苦的努力，人们也许有一天可以在三江源这片辽阔的土地上和大自然的动物们在一起自由自在地奔跑。可知，建立国家公园系统的想法在中国仍然是新的，环境保护的努力只是一个开始。F. Hopefully, the success of Sanjiangyuan will mark the start of a greener future.“三江源的成功有望标志着一个更加绿色的未来的开始。”符合上下文语境，故选F。
【点评】本题要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
VII. 完形填空【答案】 （1）D；（2）A；（3）B；（4）A；（5）C；（6）B；（7）B；（8）D；（9）C；（10）A；（11）D；（12）A；（13）B；（14）C；（15）C；
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了测量高度珠穆拉玛峰的艰难以及其重要性。
（1）考查名词。句意：但如果你问他们它的确切高度，很多人都不会确定。A. location“位置”；B. appearance“外貌”；C. area“地区”；D. height“高度”。根据下文的1975年以及2005年对珠峰高度的测量可知，此处指的是对其高度的精确测量。故选D。
（2）考查动词。句意：1975年，中国测量员确定珠穆朗玛峰(Mount Qomolangma)为8848.13米高。A. determined“确定”；B. assumed“假设”；C. estimated“估计”；D. admitted“承认”。根据下文“As   3    improved, satellites, photoelectricity, radars and gravity measurement technologies were    4    to get more exact figures.”应用先进的科技去进行进一步的测量可知，此空指的是中国的测量员确定珠峰的高度是8848.13米。故选A。
（3）考查名词。句意：随着技术的进步，卫星、光电、雷达和重力测量技术被用来获得更精确的数据。A. condition“条件”；B. technology“技术”；C. society“社会”；D. economy“经济”。根据下文的“satellites, photoelectricity, radars and gravity measurement technologies were    4   to get more exact figures.”可知，卫星、光电、雷达和重力测量技术都是科技。故选B。
（4）考查动词。句意：随着技术的进步，卫星、光电、雷达和重力测量技术被用来获得更精确的数据。A. employed“运用”；B. expected“期望”；C. approached“接近”；D. inspired“鼓舞”。根据下文的“to get more exact figures”可知，这些高科技被运用到测量珠峰精确的高度中。故选A。
（5）考查名词。句意：当然，仍然要有人要携带一些设备到世界屋脊。A. weapons“武器”；B. vehicles“交通工具”；C. instruments“设备”；D. packages“包裹”。根据常识可知，测量是需要设备仪器的，此处指的是需要携带一些设备登山。故选C。
（6）考查动词。句意：2005年，一个中国团队测量了珠穆朗玛峰，发现它并没有那么高，因为他们计算的高度是8844.43米。A. changed“改变”；B. calculated“计算”；C. extended“延伸”；D. expanded“扩大”。根据上文“In 2005, a Chinese team scaled Qomolangma and found that it was not as high as that”以及下文“the height to be 8844. 43 meters.”可知，此处指的是中国登山队在2005年计算的珠峰的高度是8844.43米。故选B。
（7）考查形容词。句意：攀登珠穆朗玛峰并非易事。A. glorious“光荣的”；B. easy“容易的”；C. admirable“令人钦慕的”；D. tough“艰难的”。根据下文“The average air temperature there is 29 degrees Celsius, even four degrees   8    than in Antarctica.”可知，攀登珠峰并不是一件容易的事。故选B。
（8）考查形容词。句意：那里的平均气温为-29摄氏度，甚至比南极洲低4摄氏度。A. colder“更冷的”；B. hotter“更热的”；C. higher“更高的”；D. lower“更低的”。根据“29 degrees Celsius”可知，此处表示珠峰的温度比南极洲还要低4摄氏度。故选D。
（9）考查名词。句意：那里的雪有4 -5米厚，像飓风一样的风一直在吹。A. snows“雪”；B. rains“雨”；C. winds“风”；D. snowflakes“雪花”。根据下文的blow可知，此处表示风。故选C。
（10）考查动词短语。句意：队员们正在接受为极端条件而战的训练。A. cope with“应付”；B. fight for“与……斗争”；C. take on“承担”；D. carry out“实施”。根据“the extreme conditions.”可知，此处表示登山队员们正在训练的目的是为了应付珠峰的极端条件。故选A。
（11）考查动词词义。句意：简而言之，测量珠穆朗玛峰的高度是一项艰巨的任务，涉及大量的资金和人力资源，但值得付出努力。A. wasting“浪费”；B. spending“花费”；C. overcoming“克服”；D. involving“涉及”。根据“huge amounts of money and human resources”可知，测量珠峰的高度需要投入大量的人力和物力。故选D。
（12）考查名词。句意：简而言之，测量珠穆朗玛峰的高度是一项艰巨的任务，涉及大量的资金和人力资源，但值得付出努力。A. effort“努力”；B. loss“损失”；C. harvest“丰收”；D. achievement“成就”。根据下文的“Put to good use, it can benefit mankind”，如果使用得当，它可以造福人类可知，这项任务值得去努力做。故选A。
（13）考查名词。句意：珠穆朗玛峰是观察地壳运动的最佳窗口。A. channel“频道”；B. window“窗口”；C. solution“解决办法”；D. entrance“入口”。根据下文“observing crustal （地壳的）movements.”可知，珠峰是观测地壳运动的最佳窗口。故选B。
（14）考查动词。句意：峰顶高度的变化可以表明两个板块是朝着相向还是反方向运动。A. measure“测量”；B. foresee“预见”；C. indicate“表明”；D. expose“暴露”。珠峰两次测量高度的化，这就表明两个板块是朝着相向还是反方向运动。故选C。
（15）考查表语从句。句意：这就是为什么测量珠穆朗玛峰的高度是如此重要。A. where“哪里”；B. how“怎样”；C. why“为什么”；D. whether“是否”。本句在讲述测量珠峰高度的重要性。所以本句为why引导的表语从句。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，表语从句，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行推理，从而选出正确答案。

VIII. 语法填空【答案】 have travel(l) ed；deeply；got；it；symptoms；known；a；better；to find；when/ as
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者的西藏之旅。
（1）考查时态。句意：自从上大学，我去过很多地方旅行。根据since可知，此处应使用现在完成时，故填have travel(l)ed。
（2）考查副词。句意：我去西藏的旅行给我留下很深的印象。空处修饰动词impressed，应使用副词deeply，表示“深深地”，故填deeply。
（3）考查时态。句意：当火车接近西藏的时候，我感到头疼。此处是讲述过去的事情，使用一般过去时，故填got。
（4）考查代词。句意：然后我就觉得呼吸困难，感到疲惫。句子可知，此处是“find+it+形容词”结构，真正的宾语是不定式“to breathe”，所以使用it充当形式宾语，故填it。
（5）考查名词。句意：我知道我所有的症状被叫作高原病。symptom是可数名词，根据“all”可知，此处使用复数形式，故填symptoms。
（6）考查非谓语动词。句意：西藏，被称为“世界屋脊”，有很多闻名世界的名胜。动词know和逻辑主语Tibet之间是动宾关系，所以使用过去分词作定语。故填known。
（7）考查冠词。a great many固定短语，“很多”，故填a。
（8）考查形容词。句意：所以当我感觉好一些时，我迫不及待去这些地方。上文提到作者出现高原病症状，此处指“好一些”，暗含与之前的比较，所以使用比较级。故填better。
（9）考查非谓语动词。句意：我很惊讶地发现珠穆朗玛峰顶在七月也被白雪覆盖。be surprised to do sth.固定短语，“对做某事感到惊讶”，故填to find。
（10）考查状语从句。句意：当太阳出来的时候，它变得纯洁又美丽。此处表示“当……时”，且从句中came out表示非延续性动作，应使用when或as引导时间状语从句。故填when/as。
【点评】本题考点涉及时态，副词，代词，名词，非谓语动词，冠词，形容词以及状语从句等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。