高中英语外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 6 Survival精品练习

选择性必修第二册练习

Unit 6 Survival

Starting out & Understanding ideas

Ⅰ.单句填空

1.Without 　　　　　(hesitate),I decided to be a volunteer in the organization. 

2.The design of the earphones are more 　　　　　(appeal) to young people. 

3.Dequina studies the area carefully,　　　　　(figure) out where the eggs have been buried. 

4.It is worthwhile to spend 　　　　　great amount of time on reading. 

5.　　　　　 (adapt) to school life quickly is important for freshmen. 

6.The parents expressed their　　　　　 (appreciate) to the police for their missing son. 

Ⅱ.短语填空

throw away;crash into;pulled out of;a means of;out of reach

1.That’s just the deal.A higher price will be 　　　　　　　　　　. 

2.The citizens are recycling many things which they 　　　　　in the past. 

3.A car whose driver was drunk went out of control,and 　　　　　the back of the bus. 

4.The old man moves furniture as 　　　　　living. 

5.The government 　　　　　the army 　　　　　the trouble spot. 

Ⅲ.完成句子

1.只有当你每天练习几个小时的英语时,你才能够掌握英语。

Only when you practise English a few hours every day 　　　　　　　　　　　master English. 

2.只有通过努力工作,一个人才能克服困难并最终取得巨大成功。

Only by working hard 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　and eventually achieve great success. 

3.如果有一台电脑出故障,整个网络系统都会瘫痪。

If one of the computers broke down,the whole networks would 　　　　　　　　　　　　. 

4.采纳哪一项计划还没有定,因此,我们别无选择只能等着。

It has not been decided which plan to be adopted;therefore/thus,we 　　　　　　　　　　　　. 

5.只有当我们对彼此有了更好的了解,我们才能获得真正有意义的友谊。

Only when we 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　each other can we gain in authentic and meaningful friendships. 

IV. 阅读理解 

A

Dogs can smell things at concentrations of one part in a trillion—equal to a single drop in a pond the size of 20 Olympic swimming pools. That ability is put to good use by human beings. Trained dogs can sniff out explosives and drugs, even tracking missing people. They can also detect (发现) illnesses, including cancer, malaria, Parkinson's disease and COVID-19, before obvious symptoms appear. A study published in 2019,for example, suggested that trained dogs detect (发现) illnesses, including cancer, malaria, Parkinson's disease and COVID-19, before obvious symptoms appear. A study published in 2019, for example, suggested that trained dogs were able, 97% of the time, to identify blood samples taken from patients with lung cancer.

Training dogs, however, takes time. Trainers must be paid. The animals themselves get tired and bored. Dogs are not, then, a practical answer to the question of how to detect illness quickly. But fruit flies might be. Unlike dogs, they are cheap and disposable--and their senses are just as good. Along with technology tailored to their talents, they could provide economical and easy ways of detecting cancer, and also offer an alternative to laboratory tests for COVID that might be welcome in countries with limited budgets.

Giovanni Galizia is one leading researcher of the University of Konstanz, in Germany. Fruit flies smell things using their feelers, and Dr Galizia has genetically modified  (改变) his flies. When the flies get the smell of the cells with illness, a change in their brain activity can be seen under a microscope. With the help of machine learning, Dr Galizia can recognize the patterns to detect illness.

Whether this idea will come to fruition remains to be seen. Medical regulators will have to be convinced that what may seem wacky at first glance is actually practical. But doctors have been encouraged to use animals' noses to assist diagnosis (诊断) since ancient times. Having a little assistance from fruit flies might be no bad thing.

1.What do dogs and fruit flies have in common?           

A.They do not cost money.

B.They can detect drugs.

C.They have equally good senses.

D.They offer practical ways to detect illness quickly.

2.What does the underlined word "wacky" in the last paragraph mean?           

A.Strange.

B.Interesting.

C.Amazing.

D.Harmful.

3.Which of the following is the best title for the text?           

A.Animals' special Functions

B.Easy Ways of Detecting Cancer

C.Human Beings' Great Helpers

D.A New Approach to Detecting Illness

B

The "junk DNA" may be useful in developing future cancer treatments, according to a new report in the journal Nature Immunology. The discovery was led by Wilmot Cancer Institute investigators and University of Rochester biologists Vera Gorbunova, Ph.D., and Andrei Seluanov, Ph.D..

The DNA elements under research are known as retrotransposons (逆转录转座子). The bad side of them is that if left to run amok, they can give rise to tumors (肿瘤). Researchers, however, discovered that if they are kept in the correct balance and controlled properly, retrotransposons can cause the immune system to destroy cancer.

Much of the Gorbunova and Seluanov lab's work involves the blind mole rat (鼹鼠), which lives underground and seems unaffected by cancer. In the latest scientific paper, researchers found that the anti-cancer approaches behind retrotransposons are present in human cells, and planned to use the information to find new ways to stop cancer cell growth.

They focus on rats because they are genetically similar to humans and have a diverse range of lifespans (寿命). Gorbunova and Seluanov previously discovered that blind mole rats prevent cancer by activating "concerted cell death," but the approaches at play were a mystery. Now, the researchers believe retrotransposons may be one key piece to the puzzle. Why? Because they discovered that blind mole rats have evolved to retrotransposons to their advantage to kill cancer cells.

At first the researchers believed the approaches behind retrotransposons were unique to blind mole rats. However, they found the same approaches at work in human tissue cells. The researchers still need to figure out exactly how blind mole rats have achieved the balance between activating and controlling retrotransposons. For now, though, they will focus on the power of selfish genetic elements to be, well, not so selfish.

4.What is one of reasons for rats to be chosen as study topic?           

A.They are unaffected by cancer.

B.They have overlong lifespans.

C.Their genes are alike to humans.

D.Their retrotransposons are unique.

5.What does the underlined "amok" in paragraph 2 mean?           

A.Unbelievably.

B.Unreasonably.

C.Insensitively.

D.Independently.

6.What can we know about the lab's research?           

A.It developed possible treatments for cancer.

B.It transplanted retrotransposons into human.

C.It succeeded in balancing retrotransposons.

D.It removed junk genes from rats effectively.

7.Which is the most suitable title for the text?           

A.Blind Mole Rats Fight against Cancer

B."Junk DNA" is a Double-Edged Sword

C.Blind Mole Rats: Close Friends of Humanity

D.Selfish Genetic Elements Have Great Power

C

A new study published this week in the journal Nature Communications has concluded that a 100 percent change to organic food production in England and Wales would actually lead to a great increase in greenhouse gas emissions (排放). In turn, this would contribute to further climate change.

Although organic farming directly pours out fewer emissions than conventional farming—around 20 percent lower for crops and 4 percent for farm animals—it produces notably less food. As to this study's findings, total organic agriculture in England and Wales would produce 40 percent less food. With less food in the market, the countries would need to increase food imports, which would produce more global greenhouse gas emissions.

Organic farming also increases the amount of absorbing carbon, a process where carbon dioxide (CO2) is "absorbed" out of the atmosphere and captured by plants and stored in the soil. However, even a total change to organic farming would only be equal to a tiny part of the higher emissions from overseas land use.

"We predict a drop in total food production of 40 percent under a fully organic farming process, compared to conventional farming, if we keep to the same national diet," Dr Adrian Williams, lead author and reader in Agri-Environmental Systems at Cranfield University, said in a statement. "This results from lower crop quantity, because output is limited by a lower supply of nitrogen, which is mainly from other crops or solid waste from cattle on the grassland."

Nevertheless, it is important to note that organic farming still holds some useful benefits for the environment, such as reducing exposure to chemicals and improving the varieties of creatures. In conclusion, the study suggests that organic farming will continue to play a key role in resolving the world's environmental problems. However, it's just one part of a much wider solution.

8.What will total organic agriculture bring to England?           

A.More main food.

B.More species crop.

C.More food imports.

D.More fresh oxygen.

9.How does organic farming increase the amount of absorbing carbon?           

A.By taking in CO2

B.By changing CO2

C.By giving off CO2

D.By producing CO2

10.What is the last paragraph mainly about?           

A.The ways to reduce organic farming.

B.The results caused by organic farming.

C.The solution to the environment problems.

D.The advantages of organic farming.

11.Which of the following is the best title of the text?           

A.Organic farming, green food

B.Organic farming, our hope in future

C.Organic farming, a mistake we made

D.Organic farming, a double-edged sword

V. 任务型阅读

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 

We've noticed our kids put on some extra weight during this pandemic（疫情）. Here are what doctors and specialists say about what to do to get the family back on track.

36.      

In the mess of the pandemic, sleep and wakeup times slid later and later for lots of kids, says Dr. Nazrat Mirza, medical director of the pediatric (小儿科）weight management clinic in Washington, D. C. Research has linked regular, adequate sleep to improved mental and physical health in kids. If sleep routines have become a problem in your family, try to move kids' bedtimes back by 15 minutes every two or three nights. 37.      

Create more structure around meal times.

38.       It was also the case with some trained experts. "It was sort of this buffet-style experience where they were eating throughout the day," says Stacey Rosenfeld, a specialist in eating disorders, whose kid ended up gaining 20 pounds. 39.       While putting kids on a restricted diet can lead to unintended consequences, creating and sticking to set meal and snack. times can help kids control their appetites and develop sensible eating habits, experts say.

Have sympathy for yourself, and model it for your kids.

We've all been through an incredibly stressful and tiring year and a half, and it's not over. And some families have been especially hard hit by this pandemic. "We have to show ourselves little pity and it's not going to happen with a snap of the fingers," says Has sink. 40.       Even if your kids didn't gain weight, teach them not to tease others. Eventually, "We want to be building our kids up. We want to be focusing on who they are outside of their bodies," says Rosenfeld.

A. Get bedtimes back on track.

B. Do the same thing with wake-up times, she says.

C. Have sympathy for your kids and your life will be easy.

D. As things calmed down, she decided it was time for a reset.

E. Bedtimes play a vital role in improving the quality of sleep.

F. That sympathy is something we should also foster in our children.

G. All-day-long, unmonitored eating became a habit in many families of the pandemic.

VI. 完形填空

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 

Jane Goodall, the well-known scientist, is starting Trees for Jane on Tuesday, joining a global campaign to fight   51   change by planting a trillion trees by 2030.

Goodall made it   52   that planting is just one part of Trees for Jane. "The key is   53   existing forest because those big trees   54   have stored CO2,"she said in a National Geographic interview.    55   to Trees for Jane will support local groups working to stop destroying trees. And those who plant are asked to agree to   56   the trees and monitor them   57   they're mature.

Of course, tree planting is not a   58   for reducing emissions(排放）, said Susan Cook-Patton, senior forest restoration scientist for The Nature Conservancy. " The most important action is to reduce fossil fuel emissions.    59   ,even if we rapidly reduce emissions, we're still going to need to   60   carbon from the atmosphere to prevent catastrophic warming. That's   61   carbon removal approaches like re-growing trees remain important. "

Some tree-planting   62   have come under fire from some scientists as being   63   ,since many programs don't plant native species, essentially creating tree farms, not helping forests. And Cook-Patton's   64   is clear: "Plant the right trees, in the right places, in the right way. " This means planting native trees where they   65   lived.

Goodall said this   66   with the goal of Trees for Jane. She, noting that Trees for Jane   67   people to plant trees themselves or donate to support global efforts, said her love for   68   dates back to her childhood. Nearly eight decades later, she is   69   tirelessly and selflessly to share the   70   of trees with the entire world, for the good of the planet.

VII. 语法填空

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 

Earthquake can not be prevented or even predicted. 101.       our chances of survival are much better if we make full 102.      (prepare) in advance and we know 103.       to do in case an earthquake strikes. Before an earthquake we should be aware of the exits 104.       the safe places. When 105.       is an earthquake, we should find our shelters by some hard walls or under some strong stable 106.       (furniture), such as beds and desks. At the same time, do remember to protect our heads and never be panic 107.       (jump) out of the window or take the lift. After the earthquake, we should be patient and hopeful. Usually, some 108.       (small) earthquakes may follow and it may be a long time 109.       help comes. During this time, keeping our 110.       (strong) by calling for help with a whistle and being brave is the right thing to do.

答案解析

I

1. hesitation
2. appealing
3. figuring
4. a
5. Adapting
6. appreciation

II

1．out of reach

2．would have thrown away

3．crashed into

4．a means of

5．pulled;out of

III

1. will you be able to
2. can a person overcome difficulties
3. be powerless to work
4. have no choice but to wait
5. get a better understanding of

IV

A

【答案】 1.C

2.A

3.D  

【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家正在研究利用动物敏锐的来帮助诊断疾病。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

1.考查细节理解。根据“ Trained dogs can sniff out explosives and drugs, even tracking missing people. ”训练有素的狗可以嗅出爆炸物和毒品，甚至可以追踪失踪人员；以及第三段中的“Fruit flies smell things using their feelers, and Dr Galizia has genetically modified (改变) his flies. When the flies get the smell of the cells with illness, a change in their brain activity can be seen under a microscope. With the help of machine learning, Dr Galizia can recognize the patterns to detect illness.”果蝇用它们的触角嗅到东西，Galizia 博士对他的果蝇进行了基因改造（改变）。当苍蝇闻到患病细胞的气味时，可以在显微镜下看到它们大脑活动的变化。在机器学习的帮助下，Galizia 博士可以识别疾病检测模式。可知它们的感官同样敏锐。故选C。

2.考查词义猜测。根据最后一段中的“Medical regulators will have to be convinced that what may seem wacky at first glance is actually practical. ”医疗监管机构必须确信，乍一看似乎古怪的东西实际上是实用的。可推知 wacky是“古怪的，奇怪的”之意，故选A。

3.考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文以狗灵敏的嗅觉和果蝇敏感的触觉为例，介绍了科学家正在研究利用动物敏锐的来帮助诊断疾病。故选D。

B【答案】     4.C

5.B

6.A

7.B

【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了“junk DNA”对于潜在的癌症治疗的积极意义和消极影响，指出“junk DNA”是一把双刃剑，需谨慎对待，取得平衡。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4.考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“They focus on rats because they are genetically similar to humans and have a diverse range of lifespans (寿命).”他们研究鼹鼠因为他们的基因与人类相似，并且寿命不一。可知，研究选择鼹鼠是出于基因相似的考虑。故选C。

5.考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的“they can give rise to tumors (肿瘤).”它们会导致肿瘤，可知，这是逆转录转座子不好的一面。由此推知，“The bad side of them is that if left to run amok, they can give rise to tumors (肿瘤).”意为“它们不好的一面是，如果它们转录不合理的话，会导致肿瘤。”unreasonably“不合理地”为完全的否定词，否定某种做法的合理性，因为其会导致不良后果。故选B。

6.考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“The ‘junk DNA’ may be useful in developing future cancer treatments.”“junk DNA”在未来癌症治疗中是有帮助的；以及第四段中的“Because they discovered that blind mole rats have evolved to retrotransposons to their advantage to kill cancer cells.”因为他们发现失明的鼹鼠进化至逆转录转座子实现杀死癌细胞的优势。可知，实验室的研究为治疗癌症提供了可能性。故选A。

7.考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，“junk DNA”有积极意义也有负面影响。根据最后一段中的“The researchers still need to figure out exactly how blind mole rats have achieved the balance between activating and controlling retrotransposons.”研究者们仍然需要得出失明的鼹鼠是如何实现促进和控制转录的平衡的。可知“junk DNA”是一把双刃剑，需要谨慎对待，文章主要在讨论这个问题。故选B。

C

【答案】     8.C

9.A

10.D

11.D

【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了有机农业的优缺点。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，段落大意和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

8.考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“As to this study's findings, total organic agriculture in England and Wales would produce 40 percent less food. With less food in the market, the countries would need to increase food imports, which would produce more global greenhouse gas emissions.”根据这项研究的结果，英格兰和威尔士的有机农业总产量将减少40%。随着市场上粮食的减少，这些国家将需要增加粮食进口，这将产生更多的全球温室气体排放。可知全有机农业将给英国带来更多的食品进口。故选C。

9.考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“ Organic farming also increases the amount of absorbing carbon, a process where carbon dioxide (CO2) is ‘absorbed’ out of the atmosphere and captured by plants and stored in the soil.”有机农业也增加了碳的吸收量，这个过程中二氧化碳从大气中"吸收"出来，被植物吸收并储存在土壤中。可知有机农业通过吸收二氧化碳增加吸收碳的量。故选A。

10.考查段落大意。根据最后一段"Nevertheless， it is important to note that organic farming still holds some useful benefits for the environment， such as reducing exposure to chemicals and improving the varieties of creatures. In conclusion， the study suggests that organic farming will continue to play a key role in resolving the world's environmental problems. However， it's just one part of a much wider solution.”然而，有机农业仍然对环境有一些有益的好处，例如减少接触化学物质和改善生物品种。总之，这项研究表明，有机农业将继续在解决世界环境问题方面发挥关键作用。然而，这只是更广泛解决方案的一部分。可知最后一段主要讲述了有机农业的优势。故选D。

11.考查主旨大意。根据第一段"A new study published this week in the journal Nature Communications has concluded that a 100 percent change to organic （有机的） food production in England and Wales would actually lead to a great increase in greenhouse gas emissions （排放）. In turn， this would contribute to further climate change.”本周发表在《自然通讯》杂志上的一项新研究得出结论：英格兰和威尔士的有机食品生产百分之百的改变实际上会导致温室气体排放量的大幅增加。反过来，这将有助于进一步的气候变化。可知本文主要讲述了有机农业的好处以及其带来的问题，“有机农业，一把双刃剑。"作为题目最合适。故选D。

V

【答案】 A；B；G；D；F  

【解析】本文是一篇说明文，疫情流行造成孩子的体重增加，作者介绍了如何让家庭重回正轨。

 A. 让就寝时间回到正轨。

 B. 她说，对起床时间做同样的事情。

 C. 同情你的孩子，你的生活会很轻松。

 D. 随着事情平静下来，她决定是时候重新开始了。

 E. 就寝时间在提高睡眠质量方面起着至关重要的作用。

 F. 这种同情心也是我们应该在孩子身上培养的。

 G. 在大流行的许多家庭中，全天不受监控的饮食已成为一种习惯。

【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇生活类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

36.根据空后“In the mess of the pandemic, sleep and wakeup times slid later and later for lots of kids, says Dr. Nazrat Mirza, medical director of the pediatric (小儿科）weight management clinic in Washington, D. C. Research has linked regular, adequate sleep to improved mental and physical health in kids.”华盛顿特区儿科体重管理诊所的医学主任 Nazrat Mirza 博士说，在大流行的混乱中，许多孩子的睡眠和起床时间越来越晚，研究将规律、充足的睡眠与改善孩子的心理和身体健康联系起来。可知本段指让睡眠时间回到正轨，A. Get bedtimes back on track.“让睡觉时间回到正轨。”符合语境，故选A。

37.根据空前“ If sleep routines have become a problem in your family, try to move kids' bedtimes back by 15 minutes every two or three nights.”如果睡眠习惯已成为您家庭的一个问题，请尝试每两到三晚将孩子的就寝时间推迟 15 分钟。B. Do the same thing with wake-up times, she says.“她说起床时间也是这样。”承接上文，与睡眠有关，符合语境，故选B。

38.根据本段小标题“Create more structure around meal times.”围绕用餐时间创建更多结构；以及空后“It was also the case with some trained experts. "It was sort of this buffet-style experience where they were eating throughout the day”一些训练有素的专家也是如此。可知G. All-day-long, unmonitored eating became a habit in many families of the pandemic.“一整天不受控制的饮食成为了许多疫情家庭的习惯。”与饮食有关，承接下文，呼应标题，符合语境，故选G。

39.根据空前“‘It was sort of this buffet-style experience where they were eating throughout the day,’ says Stacey Rosenfeld, a specialist in eating disorders, whose kid ended up gaining 20 pounds. ”“这是一种自助式的体验，他们全天都在吃东西，”饮食失调专家斯泰西罗森菲尔德说，他的孩子最终增加了 20 磅；以及空后“ While putting kids on a restricted diet can lead to unintended consequences, creating and sticking to set meal and snack. ”虽然限制孩子的饮食会导致意想不到的后果，但创造并坚持套餐和零食。可知D. As things calmed down, she decided it was time for a reset.“随着事情平静下来，她决定是时候重新设置了。”承上启下，符合语境，故选D。

40.根据本段小标题“Have sympathy for yourself, and model it for your kids.”同情你自己，并为你的孩子树立榜样；空前“ ‘We have to show ourselves little pity and it's not going to happen with a snap of the fingers,’ says Has sink.”“我们必须表现出一点同情心，这不会发生在弹指之间，”Has sink 说；以及空后“ Even if your kids didn't gain weight, teach them not to tease others. ”即使您的孩子体重没有增加，也要教导他们不要取笑他人。可知F. That sympathy is something we should also foster in our children.“我们也应该在孩子身上培养这种同情心。”符合语境，故选F。

VI

【答案】 51.A；52.C；53.B；54.C；55.D；56.A；57.B；58.D；59.C；60.B；61.A；62.C；63.B；64.A；65.D；66.B；67.C；68.D；69.A；70.A；  

【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了著名科学家Jane Goodall启动Trees for Jane 活动，以应对气候变暖。

【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，连词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。

51.句意：著名科学家Jane Goodall将于周二启动Trees for Jane 活动，加入到 2030 年种植 1 万亿棵树以应对气候变化的全球运动的活动。A：climate“气候”；B：policy“政策”；C：weather“天气”；D：culture“文化”。根据下文“The most important action is to reduce fossil fuel emissions.      9      ,even if we rapidly reduce emissions, we're still going to need to   10       carbon from the atmosphere to prevent catastrophic warming. ”最重要的行动是减少化石燃料的排放。然而，即使我们迅速减少排放，我们仍然需要从大气中去除碳以防止灾难性变暖。可知是为了应对气候变化，故选A。

52.句意：Goodall明确表示，种植只是Trees for Jane 的一部分。A：important“重要的”；B：cautious“小心的，谨慎的”；C：clear“清楚的”；D：necessary“必要的”。根据下文“The key is   3     existing forest because those big trees   4      have stored CO2”关键是保护现有的森林，因为那些大树已经储存了二氧化碳，可知她阐明种植只是活动的一部分，故选C。

53.句意：关键是保护现有的森林，因为那些大树已经储存了二氧化碳。A：ruining“毁坏”；B：protecting“保护”；C：moving“移动”；D：developing“发展”。根据下文“    5     to Trees for Jane will support local groups working to stop destroying trees. ”为 Trees for Jane捐赠的树木将支持当地团体工作以停止破坏树木。可知植树是为了保护森林，故选B。

54.句意：关键是保护现有的森林，因为那些大树已经储存了二氧化碳。A：even“甚至”；B：mostly“大部分地”；C：already“已经”；D：just“刚才，仅仅”。根据下文“we're still going to need to   10     carbon from the atmosphere to prevent catastrophic warming. ”我们仍然需要从大气中去除碳以防止灾难性变暖。可知大树已经储存了二氧化碳，故选C。

55.

句意：为 Trees for Jane捐赠的树木将支持当地团体工作以停止破坏树木。A：Introductions“介绍”；B：Changes“变化”；C：Adjustments“调整”；D：Donations“捐赠”。根据下文“noting that Trees for Janepeople to plant trees themselves or donate to support

 global efforts ”指出Trees for Jane鼓励人们自己植树或捐赠以支持全球努力，故选D。

56.句意：种植者被要求同意照顾树木并监控它们直到它们成熟。A：care for“关心，照顾”；B：speak for“为.....代言”；C：make for“走向，前往”；D：stand for“代表”。根据空后“and monitor them   7      they're mature.”监控它们直到它们成熟，可知此处指照顾这些树木，故选A。

57.句意：种植者被要求同意照顾树木并监控它们直到它们成熟。A：because“因为”；B：until“直到”；C：while“当......时候”；D：once“一旦”。根据语境可推知此处指监控中的树直到它们成熟，故选B。

58.句意：当然，植树不能替代减少排放，大自然保护协会的高级森林恢复科学家Susan Cook-Patton说。A：choice“选择”；B：schedule“日程”；C：chance“机会”；D：substitute“替代品”。根据下文“even if we rapidly reduce emissions, we're still going to need to   10     carbon from the atmosphere to prevent catastrophic warming. ”即使我们迅速减少排放，我们仍然需要从大气中去除碳以防止灾难性变暖。可知植树不能替代减少排放，故选D。

59.句意：然而，最重要的行动是减少化石燃料的排放。A：Thus“这样”；B：Besides“而且”；C：However“然而”；D：Somehow“用某种方法，以某种方式，出于某种原因，莫名其妙地”。前后内容是转折关系，故选C。

60.句意：然而，即使我们迅速减少排放，我们仍然需要从大气中去除碳以防止灾难性变暖。A：regain“重新获得”；B：remove“移除，除掉”；C：make“制造，使”；D：save“挽救，节省”。根据下文“That's   11    carbon removal approaches like re-growing trees remain important. ”这就是为什么重新种植树木等碳去除方法仍然存在的原因重要的。 可知选B。

61.句意：这就是为什么重新种植树木等碳去除方法仍然存在的原因重要的。A：why“为什么”；B：how“怎样”；C：when“什么时候”；D：where“在哪里”。此处表原因，是why引导的表语从句，故选A。

62.句意：一些植树努力因无效而受到一些科学家的抨击，因为许多计划不种植本地物种，基本上是创建林场，而不是帮助森林。A：profits“利润”；B：difficulties“困难”；C：efforts“努力”；D：tools“工具”。根据空后“since many programs don't plant native species, essentially creating tree farms, not helping forests. ”因为许多计划不种植本地物种，基本上是创建林场，而不是帮助森林。可知植树付出的努力是没有效果的，故选C。

63.句意：一些植树努力因无效而受到一些科学家的抨击，因为许多计划不种植本地物种，基本上是创建林场，而不是帮助森林。A：artificial“人造的”；B：ineffective“无效的”；C：fruitful“硕果累累的”；D：meaningful“有意义的”。根据空前“ under fire from some scientists ”遭到一些科学家的攻击，说明种树没有效果，故选B。

64.句意：Cook-Patton的信息很明确：“在正确的地方、以正确的方式种植正确的树木。”A：message“信息”；B：order“命令，订单”；C：news“新闻”；D：lesson“课，教训”。根据空后“Plant the right trees, in the right places, in the right way.”在正确的地方、以正确的方式种植正确的树木。是信息的内容，故选A。

65.句意：这意味着在它们历史悠久的地方种植本地树木。A：rarely“几乎不”；B：finally“最后”；C：basically“基本的”；D：historically“历史的”。根据语境可知在本地树木长期生长的地方栽种本地树木，故选D。

66.句意：Goodall 说这与Trees for Jane的目标一致。A：begins“开始”；B：agrees“同意”；C：competes“比赛”；D：conflicts“冲突”。agree with固定短语，“与....一致”，故选B。

67.句意：她，指出Trees for Jane鼓励人们自己植树或捐赠以支持全球努力，说她对树木的热爱可以追溯到她的童年。A：forces“强迫”；B：appoints“任命，委派”；C：encourages“鼓励”；D：commands“命令，指挥”。根据上文“      5      to Trees for Jane will support local groups working to stop destroying trees. ”为 Trees for Jane捐赠的树木将支持当地团体努力停止破坏树木，可知Trees for Jane鼓励人们自己植树或捐赠，encourage sb.to do固定短语，“鼓励某人做......”，故选C。

68.句意：她，指出Trees for Jane鼓励人们自己植树或捐赠以支持全球努力，说她对树木的热爱可以追溯到她的童年。A：children“孩子”；B：animals“动物”；C：books“书”；D：trees“树”。根据上文可知她爱树，故选D。

69.句意：将近八十年之后，为了地球的利益，她不知疲倦地无私地工作，与全世界分享树木的礼物。A：working“工作”；B：complaining“抱怨”；C：thinking“认为”；D：studying“研究，学习”。根据上文“Jane Goodall, the well-known scientist, is starting Trees for Jane on Tuesday, joining a global campaign to fight   1      change by planting a trillion trees by 2030.”著名科学家Jane Goodall将于周二启动Trees for Jane 活动，加入到 2030 年种植 1 万亿棵树以应对气候变化的全球运动的活动。可知此处指她不知疲倦地无私地工作，故选A。

70.句意：将近八十年之后，为了地球的利益，她不知疲倦地无私地工作，与全世界分享树木的礼物。A：gift“礼物”；B：root“根”；C：name“名字”；D：honor“荣誉”。根据语境可知此处指现在种下的树，80年后会给整个世界带来益处，故选A。

VII【答案】     But；preparations；what；to；there；furniture；to jump；smaller；before；strength

【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一些防震减灾的小常识。

【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及连词，名词，介词，副词，非谓语动词，形容词，状语从句以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。