英语选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement精品复习练习题

Unit 1 People of Achievement

Part 1 Reading and Thinking

完成以下名言警句并做好积累。

1. It took me 17 years and 114 days             (become) an overnight success.

我花了17年零114天的时间才在一夜间成功。——梅西

2. There is no such thing             a great talent without great willpower.

没有伟大的意志力，便没有雄才大略。——巴尔扎克

3.             (live) without an aim is like sailing without a compass.

生活没有目标，犹如航海没有罗盘。——罗斯金

4. The most terrible enemy is no strong              (believe).

最可怕的敌人，就是没有坚强的信念。——罗曼·罗兰

5. If I have seen              (far), it is because I stand on the shoulders of giants.

如果说我看得远，那是因为我站在巨人的肩上。——牛顿

6. Many people waste a whole life              (wait) for the chance to meet their desire.

许多人浪费了整整一生去等待符合他们心愿的机会。——尼采

7.             (success), you must accept all the challenges and you can't just accept the ones you like.

要成功，你必须接受遇到的所有挑战，不能只接受你喜欢的那些。——迈克·加拂卡

8. Gods determine             you’re going to be。

人生的奋斗目标决定你将成为怎样的人。——欧文

9. Try not to be a man of success              try to be a man of value.

不要为成功而努力，要为做一个有价值的人而努力。——爱因斯坦

10. A strong man will struggle             the storms of fate.

强者能同命运的风暴抗争。——爱迪生

1.to become；2.as；3. Living；4. belief；5. further；6. waiting；7. To succeed；8. what；9. but；10.with

培优第一阶——基础过关练

I. 单词拼写          

1. The article examines how the special            （特征）of plastic can cause environmental problems.

【答案】properties

2. Knowledge has become a            （关键性的）factor in the progress of a country.

【答案】crucial

3. He had no            （客观的）evidence that anything extraordinary was happening.

【答案】objective

4. Water is            （必不可少的）to keep every living thing alive.

【答案】vital

5. Present at the meeting were 200 people from all walks of life, who were m           advanced workers.

【答案】mostly

6. There’s absolutely no regulation of cigarettes to make sure that they don’t include poisonous s           .

【答案】substances

7. After o           a specific college degree a job applicant can be competitive for previously unavailable jobs.

　　【答案】obtaining

8. The Lakers d           the New Orleans Hornets the day before yesterday.

【答案】defeated

9. Solids（固体）turn to l          at certain temperatures.

【答案】liquids 

II. 短语填空

1. He was not expected to go, but he                  going.

【答案】insisted on

2. I was eating a turkey sandwich and the food just                  in my throat.

【答案】got stuck

3. They                  themselves                  study harder than before.

【答案】committed  to

III. 单句语法填空

1. Lack of sleep can result in attention disorders and poor             (academy) performance.

【答案及详解】academic 考查词性转换。句意：缺乏睡眠会导致注意力紊乱和学习表现差。academic 是形容词，作 performance的定语。

2. He made a very thorough              (analyse) on the situation.

【答案及详解】 analysis 考查词性转换。句意：他对这个形势做了透彻的分析。此处包含短语 make a thorough analysis on...对……做透彻的分析，故填名词analysis。

3. He             (acknowledge) that he had broken the law.

【答案及详解】acknowledged 考查动词的时态。句意：他承认他违背了法律，通过 that 后的 had broken可以判断主句用一般过去时。故填 acknowledged。

4. They are committed to developing a new             (evaluate) system.

【答案及详解】evaluation 专查词性转换。句意：他们承诺开发新的评价体系，evaluation system 评价体系，此处用名词作定语。

5.             (science) management promotes production.

【答案及详解】Scientific 考查词性转换。句意：科学的管理促进生产。scientific 是形容词，意为“科学的”，作management的定语。

6. Have you seen the exhibition at the             (botany) garden?

【答案及详解】botanical 考查词性转换。句意：你看植物园的展览品了吗？botanical 是形容词，意为“植物学的”，作 garden的定语。botanical garden 意为“植物园”。

7. Here’s some             (boil) water. Have a drink whenever you’re thirsty.

【答案及详解】boiled 考查非谓语动词。句意：这是些烧开了的水。你渴了就可以随时喝。boiled是过去分词，表示动作已经完成，boiled water 即“烧开的水”，注意正在沸腾的水（boiling water）不能喝，所以不能使用boiling。

8. Many people make a sharp             (distinct) between humans and other animals.

【答案及详解】distinction 考查词性转换。句意：很多人认为人类和其他动物截然不同。make a distinction between...and...把……和……区别开。故填名词 distinction。

9. Rudolph said no more.            (apparent) he was a man of few words.

【答案及详解】Apparently 考查词性转换。句意：鲁道夫不再说话。看来他是个少言寡语的人。apparently是副词，可放在句首作状语。

IV. 翻译句子

1.被邀请来参加本次夏令营开幕式我深感荣幸。(It is an honor for sb. to do sth.)

【答案】It is a great honor for me to be invited to attend the opening ceremony of the summer camp.

2.普遍认为新鲜食物对我们的健康有益。（It is acknowledged that...)

【答案】It is generally acknowledged that fresh food is beneficial to our health.

3.我们负责任地控制住自己对环境的影响是至关重要的。（It is crucial that...）

【答案】It is crucial that we responsibly manage our impact on the environment.

V. 课文语法填空

Tu Youyou is universally acknowledged as a scientist of great 1             (achieve). Born in Ningbo, China, on 30 December 1930, Tu Youyou graduated from Peking University Medical School in 1955.In 1967, she was chosen for a research team 2            was formed by the government with the aim of discovering a new treatment 3            malaria and two years later she became the head of the project in Beijing. She and her teammates examined over 2,000 old medical texts, 4            (evaluate) 280,000 plants for their medical properties, and tested 380 distinct ancient Chinese medical treatments that showed promise in the fight against malaria. As a 5             (commit) and patient scientist, she never acknowledged defeat whatever difficulty she met. After failing to draw out useful extract by 6             (boil) the sweet wormwood, she began even 7             (careful) thinking and research work. She drew 8             conclusion that boiling the sweet wormwood 9             (destroy) its medical properties. So she used a lower temperature 10             (draw) out the extract and finally she succeeded.

1.                 2.                 3.                  4.                  5.               

6.                 7.                 8.                  9.                 10.               

【答案及详解】

1.achievement 考查词性转换。句意：屠呦呦被普遍认为是一个具有伟大成就的科学家。of后接抽象名词表示某人或某物具有的某种特征或性质，故填 achievement。

2. that/which 考查关系词。此处指她被选入一个由政府成立的科研团队。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为a research team，从句中缺少主语，故填 that或which。

3. for 考查介词。a new treatment for malaria 意为“治疗疟疾的新药”，故填for。

4. evaluated 考查动词的时态。句中的examined，设空处和tested 作并列谓语，用一般过去时，故填evaluated。

5.committed 考查词性转换。committed 为形容词，意为“尽心尽力的”，和 patient一起作 scientist的定语。

6.boiling 考查非谓语动词。by doing sth. 意为“通过做某事”，by 为介词，后接动名词。

7.more careful 考查形容词的比较级。此处指她开始甚至更加仔细的思考和研究工作，故填 more careful。

8.a 考查固定搭配。draw a conclusion that…得出……的结论。

9. destroyed 考查动词时态。由上下文语境可知这是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填destroyed。

10.to draw 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处用动词不定式表示目的。故填 to draw。

培优第二阶——拓展培优练

阅读理解

话题人物：核物理女王——吴健雄      

    Known as the “First Lady of Physics” and Queen of Nuclear (原子核) Research, Chien-Shiung Wu was born in China in 1912 and came to the United States in 1936 to take part in the doctorate(博士) program in nuclear physics at the University of Michigan. After learning that women were disrespected at the University of Michigan, she instead chose to go to the University of California Berkley.

During her earlier life in China, she had been an outstanding student whose love of learning had been encouraged by her father. By the time she arrived in the United States, she had already stood out in her undergraduate academic work and later during post-graduate research. At Berkley, she benefited from working with some of the top physicists in the country at that time. After one year at Berkley, she received a scholarship (奖学金) to Caltech. She completed her doctorate in 1940 and moved to the east coast. Unable to find a research position at a university, Wu became a physics instructor at Princeton University and at Smith College. In 1944, she joined the Manhattan Project where she began work on beta decay and uranium enrichment.

During the 1960’s, while at Columbia University, Wu began working with two other Chinese American scientists, Tsung-Dao Lee and Chen Ning Yang conducting research in the field of particle physics. Wu developed an experiment disproving (反驳) a hypothetical physical law called the conversation of parity. The Wu Experiment smoothed the way for her two colleagues to earn the Nobel Prize, an award for which she was overlooked, she believed, because she is a woman. In 1978, her work was finally recognized when she received the Wolf Prize, a $100,000 international award given to artists and scientists for achievements in the interest of mankind and friendly relations among people... no matter what his nationality, race, color, religion, sex or political views are.

She continued advancing her work in nuclear physics for many years and later joined in protecting women’s rights. She died in 1997 from a stroke.

1. Why did Wu change to study at the University of California Berkley?

A．She needed to join a program. B．She wanted to be treated equally.

C．She could learn physics further. D．She could get the doctorate easily.

2. What can we infer about Wu from Paragraph 2?

A．She had a good performance in study. B．She carried out nuclear research in China.

C．She couldn’t find her position at university. D．She was the first female to join the Project.

3. What does the underlined word “overlooked” in paragraph 3 mean?

A．Accepted. B．Criticized.

C．Praised. D．Removed.

4. Which of the following best describes Wu as a scientist?

A．Gifted. B．Responsible.

C．Devoted. D．Creative.

【答案】BADC

【文章大意】文章主要介绍了被誉为“物理学第一夫人”及“核物理女王”的物理学家吴健雄的信息，受教育经历以及取得的学术成就。

1.细节理解题。根据第一段中“After learning that women were disrespected at the University of Michigan, she instead chose to go to the University of California Berkley.(在得知密歇根大学不尊重女性后，她转而选择了加州大学伯克利分校)”可知，吴健雄选择在加州大学伯克利分校学习的原因是她希望得到平等对待。

2.推理判断题。根据第二段中“During her earlier life in China, she had been an outstanding student whose love of learning had been encouraged by her father. By the time she arrived in the United States, she had already stood out in her undergraduate academic work and later during post-graduate research. At Berkley, she benefited from working with some of the top physicists in the country at that time. (在中国的早期生活中，她是一个优秀的学生，她对学习的热爱得到了父亲的鼓励。当她到达美国时，她已经在本科学术工作中脱颖而出，后来又在研究生研究中脱颖而出。在伯克利大学，她从与当时国内顶尖物理学家的合作中受益匪浅)”可推断出，吴健雄学习成绩很好。

3.词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“The Wu Experiment smoothed the way for her two colleagues to earn the Nobel Prize(吴健雄的实验为她的两位同事获得诺贝尔奖铺平了道路)”和下文“because she is a woman(因为她是一个女人)”可知，吴健雄和两个同事合作，她的两个同事获得了诺贝尔奖，结合划线单词所在句子“an award for which she was overlooked(一个她被……的奖)”可推知，吴健雄和两名男性同事一起合作，但是两名同事获得了诺贝尔奖，而她因为是女性，所以被忽视，没有获得诺贝尔奖，由此可知，划线单词“overlooked”意为“忽略，不考虑”，与D项“Removed.(除去)”意思相近。

4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“She continued advancing her work in nuclear physics for many years and later joined in protecting women’s rights.(她多年来一直致力于核物理研究，后来加入了保护妇女权利的行列)”可知，作为一个科学家，吴健雄是一个全心全意献身于科学的科学家。

七选五

话题人物：科学家——屠呦呦      

Tu Youyou was given the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015 for discovering a new drug for malaria. She is the first Chinese citizen to win a Nobel Prize in science.“____9____” China Daily noted.

Malaria is a disease that infects around 200 million people and kills about half a million people each year, according to The Economist. Tu’s discovery has saved millions of lives, especially in the developing world. ____10____

But the road to this achievement was a tough one to travel. In the late 1960s, Tu joined a government project on which she began research on a new malaria drug. At the beginning, Tu read a lot of old folk remedies, searched texts that were hundreds or thousands of years old and traveled to remote places. Over several months, Tu and her team collected over 600 plants and created a list of almost 380 possible remedies.

“This was the most challenging stage of the project,” Tu told Beijing News. “It was a very labor-demanding and dull job, in particular when you faced one failure after another.”

____11____She and her team tested the remedies on malaria-infected mice. They found that an extract from the plant qinghao seemed to work well.

____12____ The fact that the extract didn’t always work against malaria discouraged some of her teammates. But Tu was ambitious to make a contribution to the world and so she encouraged her teammates to keep going. They decided to start again from the beginning.

In 1971, they were rewarded for their efforts. After nearly 200 failures, Tu finally made an extract that was 100 percent effective against malaria parasites. The extract was called artemisinin（青蒿素）.

Thanks to decades of persistence, Tu and her team had provided humankind with powerful new means to combat these debilitating（削弱）diseases that affect hundreds of millions of people annually, said the Nobel Prize Committee.“____13____”

A．In 2017, an estimated 219 million cases of malaria occurred worldwide and 435,000 people died, mostly in the African Region.

B．It has made a great step forward in this field.

C．It is the pride of the whole Chinese science community, which will inspire more Chinese scientists.

D．Not that the work was easier after that.

E．But the hard work and the dullness failed to break the team’s spirit.

F．According to the World Health Organization, by 2013 malaria deaths had fallen by 47 percent compared with 2000.

G．The consequences in terms of improved human health and reduced suffering are immeasurable.

【答案】C F E D G

【文章大意】文章讲述了屠呦呦及其团队寻找抗疟药的艰辛历程，盛赞屠呦呦及其团队所做的贡献。

9．根据划线前句提到“Tu Youyou was given the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015 for discovering a new drug for malaria. She is the first Chinese citizen to win a Nobel Prize in science.”（屠呦呦因发现疟疾新药而获得2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。 她是第一个获得诺贝尔科学奖的中国公民。）可知，此处强调屠呦呦是第一位获得诺贝尔科学奖的中国公民。因此C项“这是整个中国科学界的骄傲，它将激发更多的中国科学家。”和前句构成因果关系。上下文逻辑为“屠呦呦获奖为整个中国科学界的骄傲，同时将激发更多的科学家”。C项切题。

10．根据划线前句提及“Tu  ’s discovery has saved millions of lives, especially in the developing world.”（屠呦呦的发现拯救了数百万人的生命，尤其是在发展中国家。）可知，此处强调屠呦呦的发现贡献巨大。F项“根据世界卫生组织的数据，到2013年，疟疾死亡人数比2000年下降了47%。”是对前句内容进行补充说明。表示屠呦呦的发现拯救了成千上万的人。F项切题。

11．根据划线前句提及“It was a very labor-demanding and dull job, in particular when you faced one failure after another.”（这是一份非常费力又枯燥的工作，特别是当你面对一个又一个失败的时候。）可知，此处强调这项研究枯燥且费力。再根据划线后句提及“She and her team tested the remedies on malaria-infected mice.”（她和她的团队在感染疟疾的老鼠身上测试了这些疗法。）可知，尽管工作枯燥且费力，但是她和她的同事们并没有因此放弃研究。故E项“但是艰苦的工作和枯燥的生活并没有破坏团队的精神。”和前句构成前后转折且引出下文。上下文逻辑为：尽管工作艰苦，但是她和她的同事们并没有因此放弃。而是继续做实验。E项切题。

12．根据划线前句提及“They found that an extract from the plant qinghao seemed to work well.”（他们发现青蒿植物的提取物似乎效果很好。）可知，他们发现了青蒿的提取物。再根据划线后句“The fact that the extract didn  ’t always work against malaria discouraged some of her teammates.”（提取物并非总是能对抗疟疾，这一事实使她的一些队友感到沮丧。）可知，尽管他们发现了青蒿的提取物，但是作用不好。故D项“但那之后的工作并不容易。”承接上文发现青蒿提取物，和前文构成前后对比。引出下文：提取物并非总能对抗疟疾。且D项中的that指代前句“他们发现了青蒿提取物”。D项切题。

13．根据划线前文提及“Thanks to decades of persistence, Tu and her team had provided humankind with powerful new means to combat these debilitating(削弱）diseases that affect hundreds of millions of people annually, said the Nobel Prize Committee.”（诺贝尔奖委员会说，得益于数十年来的坚持不懈，屠和她的团队为人类提供了强有力的新手段，以应对每年影响数亿人的这些令人衰弱的疾病。）可知，此处强调屠呦呦的团队为人类做出了巨大贡献。因此G项“在改善人类健康和减少痛苦方面的后果是不可估量的。”是对前文提及的屠呦呦的贡献进一步强调。再一次赞扬了屠呦呦的贡献。G项切题。

培优第三阶——高考沙场点兵

阅读理解

主题语境：人与自我   难易度：☆☆☆   语篇类型：记叙文  建议用时：8 min

（2018全国卷III，C篇）

While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts, many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage.

Their efforts have been proven fruitful. Wang Shu, a 49-year-old Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prize — which is often referred to as the Nobel Prize in architecture — on February 28. He is the first Chinese citizen to win this award.

Wang serves as head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art (CAA). His office is located at the Xiangshan campus(校园) of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Many buildings on the campus are his original creations.

The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities. Many visitors were amazed by the complex architectural space and abundant building types. The curves(曲线) of the buildings perfectly match the rise and fall of hills, forming a unique view.

Wang collected more than 7 million abandoned bricks of different ages. He asked the workers to use traditional techniques to make the bricks into walls, roofs and corridors. This creation attracted a lot of attention thanks to its mixture of modern and traditional Chinese elements(元素).

Wang’s works show a deep understanding of modern architecture and a good knowledge of traditions. Through such a balance, he had created a new type of Chinese architecture, said Tadao Ando, the winner of the 1995 Pritzker Prize.

Wang believes traditions should not be sealed in glass boxes at museums. "That is only evidence that traditions once existed," he said.

"Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding of traditions. They think tradition means old things from the past. In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created,” he said.

"Today, many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing on Chinese traditions. Many people tend to talk about traditions without knowing what they really are,” said Wang.

The study of traditions should be combined with practice. Otherwise, the recreation of traditions would be artificial and empty, he said.

1. Wang’s winning of the prize means that Chinese architects are ___________.

A. following the latest world trend

B. getting international recognition

C. working harder than ever before

D. relying on foreign architects

2. What impressed visitors to the CAA Xiangshan campus most?

A. Its hilly environment.         B. Its large size.

C. Its unique style.         D. Its diverse functions.

3. What made Wang’s architectural design a success?

A. The mixture of different shapes.

B. The balance of East and West.

C. The use of popular techniques.

D. The harmony of old and new.

4. What should we do about Chinese traditions according to Wang?

A. Spread them to the world.       B. Preserve them at museums.

C. Teach them in universities.       D. Recreate them in practice.

【词汇积累】

1. abandon v.放弃
2. elements 元素
3. a good knowledge of 掌握……的知识
4. architecture n.建筑设计，建筑风格；建筑学
5. recreation n.娱乐（活动），消遣（活动）
6. artificial adj.人造的，人工的

【答案】BCDD

【文章大意】本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了中国建筑设计师王澍在其作品中融合中国传统建筑文化，获得了建筑界的诺贝尔奖——普利策奖，这让中国建筑现在得到了国际认可。

1.推理判断题。根据文章第二段的内容可知，王澍获得2012年普利策奖，而普利策奖相当于建筑界的诺贝尔奖，他是第一个获此奖的中国人，故推知中国建筑现在得到了国际认可。故B项正确。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第四段对CAA校园的描述可知，它的设计风格独特，与大多数中国大学的校园很不同，许多游客对复杂的建筑空间和丰富的建筑类型感到吃惊，故C正确。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第六段1995年普利策奖的获得者Tadao Ando的评语可知，王澍设计的成功之处是把中国传统元素融入现代设计，并保持两者的和谐，故D正确。

4.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段和倒数第三段中In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created可知，传统的研究要与实践相结合，在实践中进行再创造，否则就会是人工的和空的，故D正确。