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高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 5 Languages around the world单元测试练习
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这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 5 Languages around the world单元测试练习，共20页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分37等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
AMTRAK TURNS 50
Amtrak, America’s natinal railrad netwrk, was set up half a century ag. We celebrate Amtrak’s rutes (路线) ver US railways.
LOS ANGELES
65 HRS 20 MINS, Texas Eagle, 2, 728 miles
EMERYVILLE
51 HRS 20 MINS, Califrnia Zephyr, 2,438 miles
PORTLAND
46 HRS, Empire Builder, 2,255 miles
SEATTLE
46 HRS, Empire Builder, 2,205 miles
21. Which f the fllwing rutes is the lngest?
A. LOS ANGELES-CHICAGO.
B. EMERYVILLE-CHICAGO.
C. PORTLAND-CHICAGO.
D. SEATTLE-CHICAGO.
22. What des the number “21,000” refer t?
A. Daily Amtrak passengers.
B. Places Amtrak has visited.
C. Mney Amtrak made in 2019.
D. Rute miles cvered by Amtrak.
23. What d we knw abut Amtrak?
A. It allws peple t crss the US n ne train.
B. It sent passengers t New Yrk City at first.
C. Its service cvers the U.S. nly.
D. Its first train set ut in 1971.
B
When I first mved t China in 1998, I thught I wuld impress my class by using sme Chinese in my speech abut American weddings (婚礼). I tld them everyne brings a gift t the wedding fr the cuple. As sn as I said this, all f the students lked surprised. I knew I had said smething wrng. I realized that instead f telling them that everybdy brings gifts t the hun li fr the cuple, I had said peple bring gifts fr them at the li hun!
I get laughs frm sme f my students because I ften make mistakes and my Chinese sunds strange at times. But I tell them that smetimes their English is really strange t.
One asks, “What are yu like t d in yur free time?” And the ther answers, “I very like basketball.” I find that even gd English speakers make such mistakes. The secnd is by far the mst cmmn mistake I have heard amng Chinese English speakers. It is a result f first thinking in Chinese and then translating each wrd in the sentence int English. This, f curse, makes sme Chinese peple’s English sund strange.
“We shuld get ff the car here,” a student tld me. My schl had asked tw students t shw me arund the city by taxi. In English cuntries, we “get ff ” a bike, bus, r train. Hwever, when we leave a car, we say “get ut f the car”. Perhaps the student had learned “get ff ” means xia in Chinese and he thught the phrase (短语) culd be fllwed by any means f transprtatin. T avid such mistakes, yu shuld take cllcatins (搭配) seriusly. Only learning vcabulary and grammar is nt enugh.
Sme f my students sund mre like a bk r machine than a human. Perhaps they have gtten used t depending n bks. Yu can als read English bks ut lud r use a CD, but yu need the real thing. If yu have a chance t hear a native speaker frm an English-speaking cuntry, practice repeating what yu hear. They can teach yu hw t have a cnversatin.
24. Why did the students feel surprised?
A. American weddings are difficult t rganize.
B. The authr’s Chinese was as fluent as Chinese.
C. The authr used a cmpletely wrng Chinese wrd.
D. Everyne must bring a gift t an American wedding.
25. What can cause strange English in China accrding t the authr?
A. Spelling mistakes.
B. Direct translatin.
C. Cultural difference.
D. Wrng prnunciatins.
26. What can we infer abut the student wh said “We shuld ... here”?
A. He might be pr at vcabulary.
B. He might mistake “car” fr “taxi”.
C. He might knw very little abut the city.
D. He might pay little attentin t cllcatins.
27. What des the authr want t share in the last paragraph？
A. Cmmn mistakes made by Chinese English learners.
B. Differences between Chinese and American culture.
C. Suggestins n imprving cnversatinal skills.
D. His experience f learning English.
C
Experts believe the basis f the German language, Prt-Germanic, began t develp abut 2000 BCE, as peple began t live in western areas f the Baltic Sea. One f the first ever recrds f the German language dates back t the 1st century BCE when the Rmans came acrss peple frm the Rhine-Danube area.
The mdern German we knw tday is likely t be unrecgnisable frm the language that the Rmans first experienced. It has gne thrugh many changes, frm Old High German (frm abut 700 CE t the eleventh century),Middle High German (frm abut 1050 t 1350), Early New High German (1350 t 1600) t New High German (frm abut 1600 t the present).
As with many languages, German has develped alng with sciety and sciplitical (社会政治的) factrs have helped shape the language int what it is tday. New wrds frm ther languages have been adpted (采纳) by German speakers. Others have been intrduced int the German language because f mre cmmunicatins with freigners either because f migratin (移民), trade, war, r the develpment f new technlgy frm cinema t the Internet. Fr example, tday Germans will have “brainstrming sessins” — using the English term. Similarly, mst speakers have adpted English wrds related t technlgy like the Internet r email, as it happens in several ther languages.
German is an interesting language because f the dminance (优势) f dialects, which appeared because f the fact that there was n cultural centre, like Paris in France. By the end f the Middle Ages actin was taken t create a “Standard German language”, s that peple frm different areas culd cmmunicate mre easily with each ther. A majr influence n the standardizatin f German was Martin Luther’s German translatin f an influential bk in 1522. That “style” was largely based n the language used at the Saxn curt. This became the basis f what we knw as German tday.
28. When d experts think German started t develp first？
A. In the 1st century BCE.
B. Abut 2000 BCE.
C. Abut 1350.
D. In 700 CE.
29. The authr lists the example in paragraph 3 t _____.
A. stress that learning the German language is helpful
B. prve that the German language has a lng histry
C. explain why the German language is difficult t learn
D. shw that many factrs have helped shape the language
30. What did Martin Luther d？
A. He helped set the basis f German tday.
B. He did a lt f research n German dialects.
C. He wrte a bk in bth German and English.
D. He shaped German with the help f the French.
31. What is this text mainly abut?
A. A brief histry f the German language.
B. Hw the German language spread wrldwide.
C. The influence f technlgy n the German language.
D. Hw the German language influenced ther languages.
D
Handwritten Chinese characters can be beautiful. I still remember lking at Chinese and nt understanding anything it said and yet feeling a strng attractin. In fact, sme students start learning Chinese because f the characters. After having studied Chinese fr a while, I realised that handwriting in Chinese takes a very lng time t learn.
Living as we d in a digital era (数字时代) with smartphnes and cmputers, mst students sner r later ask themselves this questin: Is it really necessary t learn hw t write by hand in Chinese? When using smartphnes r cmputers, we can use phnetic input (语音输入) systems, which chse the characters we want fr us as lng as we can remember hw they are prnunced. Since we enter different characters, we seldm need t be able t recgnise the difference between individual (每个) characters in detail; the cmputer makes the right chices fr us. D we really need t write Chinese by hand at all?
I think mst peple agree that yu shuld learn t write at least sme characters at sme pint as a student f Chinese, althugh nt necessarily straight away and nt necessarily all the characters that yu can say. But unless yu dn’t care abut written language at all, yu shuld learn the basics f handwriting. Withut it, it will be very hard t understand characters. Yu dn’t need t be a calligraphy master, but yu d need basic handwriting skills t d this. Simply lking at things is, as usual, a bad way f learning.
I think learning the mst cmmn 500 characters r s is a gd idea fr all students. If yu actually want t write by hand, extend (扩大) that t 1,000. Then learn t handwrite characters utside f the 1, 000 mst cmmn n a need-t-knw basis.
32. What des the authr think f Chinese characters?
A. They are less cmmunicative than English wrds.
B. They attract sme freigners t learn Chinese.
C. They shw the greatness f Chinese culture.
D. They are nt really that difficult.
33. What can we infer abut characters in paragraph 2?
A. Characters are very difficult fr freigners t learn.
B. Peple believe learning t write characters is imprtant.
C. Peple dubt the necessity f learning t write characters.
D. Characters may disappear with the develpment f sciety.
34. What des the underlined wrd “this” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Understanding characters.
B. Being a calligraphy master.
C. Keeping a gd learning habit.
D. Learning basic handwriting skills.
35. What is the authr’s attitude t learning t write characters in the digital age?
A. Wrried. B. Uncaring. C. Surprised. D. Supprtive.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Learning a secnd language is really helpful fr us. 36
1. Yu becme smarter.
Learning a secnd language imprves yur memry (记忆). Becming bilingual (双语的) exercises yur brain, challenges yu t cncentrate, and imprves yur prblem-slving skills. 37 Learning a secnd language als imprves yur native language, as it teaches yu the structures (结构) behind any language — nt just new languages.
2. It’s great fr traveling.
Austrian philspher Ludwig Wittgenstein said that “the limits (限制) f yur language are the limits f yur wrld,” and he was right. 38 Traveling thrugh a freign cuntry becmes much easier if yu can speak the language f that cuntry.
3. 39
Researchers are als saying that peple wh can speak different languages are mre creative than mnlingual (仅懂一种语言的) speakers. Learning a freign language imprves nt nly yur ability t slve prblems, it als makes yu experiment with new wrds.
4. It builds up yur self-cnfidence.
Yu’re abut t teach yurself t believe, “Yes, I can.” Cnfidence increases when a new skill is mastered, and learning a freign language is n different. 40 The way yu use t develp a secnd tngue results in a greater sense f pen-mindedness.
A. It increases yur creativity.
B. Yu can share it with yur new friends.
C. Learning a secnd language is easier as a child.
D. There are many advantages f learning a freign language.
E. Bilingual students are likely t scre higher than mnlingual students.
F. Knwing mre than ne language pens up yur vacatin pssibilities.
G. Cnfident peple are mre interesting than thse wh are unsure f themselves.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I’ve always been fascinated (迷住) by languages, but I’ve never been any gd at learning them. I remember sitting in my French lessns, I never 41 what I was being taught. My teacher wasn’t 42 .
But ne f my A Levels was English Language, and that was where my interest in 43 started. Over the last few years, I’ve started learning mre languages than I can 44 . They include Latin, Russian, Spanish, and prbably several thers. Nne f them stuck.
And then came lckdwn. While I was 45 enugh t still be able t wrk frm hme, n evenings and weekends, I fund myself getting 46 and lking thrugh Netflix fr smething t watch. That’s hw I 47 a Chinese fantasy drama (玄幻剧) filled with cmplex (复杂的) relatinships.
But by the time I gt abut halfway thrugh the shw, I 48 that in sme cases, the wrds being spken in Chinese didn’t match the wrds being said in the English translatins. 49 , a character was being called shijie instead f by her name. I went nline, did sme 50 and met a difficulty.
Shijie, which I learned can be translated as “martial sister”, intrduced me t the cmplexities f Chinese 51 . S many different wrds fr “aunt”, “uncle” and “grandfather”! Characters with mre than ne name!
I was 52 by the way the language is s intertwined (紧密相连) with the culture, and hw petic and 53 it is. I wanted t be able t 54 the surce material (原始资料), even if it was ging t take me a lng while 55 I gt t that pint.
41. A. lked ut fr B. depended n C. laughed at D. paid attentin t
42. A. angry B. relaxed C. happy D. nervus
43. A. language B. cultureC. schlD. histry
44. A. enjy B. remember C. suggest D. chse
45. A. lucky B. wrried C. mad D. surprised
46. A. dubtfulB. pleased C. bred D. helpful
47. A. frgt B. fund C. created D. directed
48. A. expected B. decided C. realized D. hped
49. A. At first B. Abve all C. In additin D. Fr example
50. A. research B. business C. interviews D. tests
51. A. families B. relatinships C. dramas D. lifestyles
52. A. hurt B. saddened C. encuraged D. attracted
53. A. strangeB. difficult C. beautiful D. satisfying
54. A. believe B. understand C. accept D. imagine
55. A. thugh B. unless C. nce D. befre
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Pinyin is a Rmanizatin system 56. ________ (use) t learn Mandarin (普通话). It describes the sunds f Mandarin using the Western (Rman) alphabet (字母表). Cmmnly, Pinyin is used fr 57. ________ (teach) schl children t read. And it is als 58. ________ (wide) used in teaching Westerners wh wish t learn Mandarin.
Pinyin was develped in the 1950s and is nw the fficial Rmanizatin system f China, Singapre, and the American Library Assciatin. Library standards make it 59. ________ (easy) t find Chinese language materials than befre. A wrldwide standard als helps the exchange f infrmatin between rganizatins in varius 60. ________ (cuntry).
Learning Pinyin is imprtant. Pinyin prvides a cmfrtable base 61. ________ anyne trying t learn Mandarin: it lks familiar (熟悉的). It ffers a way 62. ________ (read) Chinese withut using Chinese characters — a majr 63. ________ (difficult) fr freigners wh want t learn Mandarin. Pinyin is nt perfect. It uses many letter cmbinatins (组合) 64. ________ are unknwn in English and ther Western languages. Anyne wh has nt studied Pinyin is likely t misprnunce the spellings. Althugh there are sme disadvantages f Pinyin, 65. ________ is best t have a single system f Rmanizatin fr the Mandarin language.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假定你是李华，你所在的学校将举办以“汉字的演变”为主题的活动。请给你的留学生朋友Elsa写封邮件邀请她参加，内容包括：
1. 活动的时间以及地点；
2. 活动的内容。
注意：写作词数应为80左右。
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第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My family hadn’t dne anything different in frever. S when my aunt Jen invited us t the utdr spring celebratin at her farm last mnth, I was s excited that I decided t make an extra-special treat. “Yummy!” my little sister said, stealing a sweet.
“That’s enugh, Indi!” I said. “I need thse fr my lambs (羔羊)!”
“I didn’t knw lambs liked sweets,” She laughed.
I laughed t. “I’m nt feeding them t the lambs. I’m making lamb decratins (装饰) fr my cupcakes.” “I want t help!” she said.
“Me t!” said my brther.
“OK,” I said. “I guess yu tw can decrate yur wn.”
Of curse, they used way t many sweets.
“I have the fluffiest (最蓬松的) sheep f all!” said Tex.
“Mine is fluffier!” said Indi.
“They lk equally fluffy t me,” I said. “Maybe they’re twins, just like yu.”
“Okey-dkey!” said my dad. “The picnic ges frm twelve t three. We’d better get a mve n!” First, we had t wait fr Tex t find his shes. Next, as we were driving dwn the rad, we had t g back t the huse because my mm frgt her wallet. Then, abut halfway t Aunt Jen’s huse, we had t drive far ut f ur way t find a place fr Indi t use the restrm. After that, my parents decided it’d be quicker t take this ne little side rad as a shrtcut. But the shrtcut ended up turning int a lng cut! We drve frever n a winding rad, and just when we were in the middle f nwhere, ur car started making a strange nise.
“Srry,” said my mm. “We’re ging t have t pull ver and call radside services.”
“N!” I said. “We’re already late.”
“Dn’t wrry,” said my dad. “I’m sure help will arrive sn.”
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
But as yu can prbably guess by the way this stry has gne s far, help did nt arrive sn at all. ______________________________________________________
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At first, we kids weren’t exactly jumping up and dwn abut picnicking there.
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参考答案
1-20 略
21-25 ADDCB 26-30 DCBDA 31-35 ABCAD 36-40 DEFAG
41-45 DCABA 46-50 CBCDA 51-55 BDCBD
56. used 57. teaching 58. widely
59. easier 60. cuntries 61. fr / t
62. t read 63. difficulty 64. that / which 65. it
写作
第一节
One pssible versin:
Dear Elsa,
I’m writing t invite yu t take part in an activity held by ur schl next Friday frm 4 p.m. t 6 p.m. in the schl hall.
The activity will fcus n the histry and develpment f Chinese characters. Related pictures and films will be shwn during the perid. Besides, I heard sme experts wuld be invited t give speeches. I knw yu’re interested in Chinese culture s I believe yu will like it.
I am lking frward t yur reply.
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节
One pssible versin:
But as yu can prbably guess by the way this stry has gne s far, help did nt arrive sn at all. “We’re ging t miss everything!” said Tex. “Nt fair!” said Indi. “Lk n the bright side,” said Dad. “Our car culdn’t have picked a prettier place t break dwn.” “I agree,” Mm said. “Hw abut we walk ver t that wildflwer field and have ur wn springtime celebratin? I’m sure Aunt Jen wuldn’t mind if we ate the ptat salad and fruit.”
At first, we kids weren’t exactly jumping up and dwn abut picnicking there. But as we started lking arund, cl things started happening. “Lk!” Mm pinted at tw rabbits happily eating grass. “We’re nt the nly nes wh think this is a gd place fr a picnic.” Just then, we heard a big sund, and hundreds f birds rse up ut f the trees, and flew int the sky! I said, “That is the mst magical thing I’ve ever seen in my life!” All in all, it was a pretty special picnic.
部分解析
阅读
第一节
A篇
主题语境：人与社会——历史、社会与文化
本文是应用文。文章介绍了美国国家铁路客运公司（Amtrak）的概况。
21. A。细节理解题。对比四条线路的距离可知，洛杉矶——芝加哥这一路线是最长的。四条线路中的Texas Eagle、Califrnia Zephyr、Empire Builder均为列车名。
22. D。细节理解题。根据第一个表格中的21,000 The number f rute miles cvered by Amtrak. It takes in 46 states, as well as Washingtn, D. C. and three Canadian prvinces可知，21,000代表Amtrak的火车所行驶的英里数。
23. D。细节理解题。根据第二个表格中的The first train run by Amtrak in 1971 was The Clcker可知，Amtrak公司的第一辆火车于1971年开始运行。
补充说明：
Amtrak：美国国家铁路客运公司（Natinal Railrad Passenger Crpratin f the USA），常用商标为Amtrak，简称美国国铁或美铁，是美国唯一一家长途和城际铁路客运公司，创立于1971年5月1日，总部位于美国哥伦比亚特区华盛顿联合车站。Amtrak是一个由英文美国（America）和铁轨（track）组成的混成词。
leaf-peeping：赏叶
B篇
主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习
本文是夹叙夹议文。作者是来自美国的外教，他觉得中国人讲的英语有时候很奇怪。
24. C。细节理解题。根据第一段中的As sn as I said this, all f the students lked surprised. I knew I had said smething wrng. I realized that instead f telling them that everybdy brings gifts t the hun li fr the cuple, I had said peple bring gifts fr them at the li hun!可知，学生们感到惊讶是因为作者把“婚礼”说成了“离婚”。
25. B。推理判断题。根据第三段中的It is a result f first thinking in Chinese and then translating each wrd in the sentence int English可知，作者认为中国人有时讲的英语很奇怪的一个原因是用汉语思考，再逐字翻译成英语。
26. D。细节理解题。根据第四段中的Hwever, when we leave a car, we say “get ut f the car”. Perhaps the student had learned “get ff ” means xia in Chinese and he thught the phrase culd be fllwed by any means f transprtatin. T avid such mistakes, yu shuld take cllcatins seriusly可知，作者认为这个学生之所以那么说是因为在平常学习时没有注意词语的搭配。
27. C。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的If yu have a chance t hear a native speaker frm an English-speaking cuntry, practice repeating what yu hear. They can teach yu hw t have a cnversatin可知，作者给想要提高会话技能的英语学习者提供了建议——要多跟来自英语国家的人学习。
C篇
主题语境：人与社会——历史、社会与文化
本文是说明文。文章介绍了德语发展的历史。
28. B。细节理解题。根据第一段中的Experts believe the basis f the German language, Prt - Germanic, began t develp abut 2000 BCE, as peple began t live in western areas f the Baltic Sea可知，专家认为德语最先是由约公元前2000年的原始日耳曼语发展而来的。
29. D。写作目的题。第三段中的As with many languages, German has develped alng with sciety and sciplitical factrs have helped shape the language int what it is tday为本段中心句，指出德语的发展受到了多种因素的影响，包括其他语言、移民、战争、贸易以及科技发展，之后作者用具体的事例对这一观点进行了解释说明。
30. A。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的A majr influence n the standardizatin f German was Martin Luther’s German translatin f an influential bk in 1522. That “style” was largely based n the language used at the Saxn curt. This became the basis f what we knw as German tday可知，马丁·路德翻译的著作为当代德语的发展奠定了基础。
31. A。主旨大意题。文章介绍了德语从原始日耳曼语发展为当代德语的过程，并指出了发展过程中的影响因素。由此可知，本文主要介绍的是德语发展的历史。
补充说明：
Prt-Germanic：原始日耳曼语，或共同日耳曼语 (Cmmn Germanic)，是猜想中存在的一个所有日耳曼语族语言的共同祖先。
D篇
主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习
本文是议论文。作者认为，在数字化时代，学习书写汉字仍是十分必要的。
32. B。细节理解题。根据第一段中的I still remember lking at Chinese and nt understanding anything it said and yet feeling a strng attractin. In fact, sme students start learning Chinese because f the characters可知，作者认为汉字吸引了一部分外国人学习汉语。
33. C。推理判断题。第二段中作者提出Is it really necessary t learn hw t write by hand in Chinese?这一问题，之后提到When using smartphnes r cmputers, we can use phnetic input systems, which chse the characters we want fr us as lng as we can remember hw they are prnunced，指出人们在手机或者电脑上借助语音输入系统就可以找到对应的汉字，因此可以推断有人质疑在电子时代学习书写汉字的必要性。
34. A。篇章结构题。根据第三段中的But unless yu dn’t care abut written language at all, yu shuld learn the basics f handwriting. Withut it, it will be very hard t understand characters可知，作者认为，如果不了解书法的基本知识，理解汉字会很难，人们需要通过掌握一些基本的书写知识来进一步理解汉字。因此，此处this指代“理解汉字”。
35. D。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为，汉语学习者应该掌握最基本的500个汉字，甚至可以根据自己的需要扩大到1,000个。因此可以推断，作者支持汉语学习者学习书写汉字。
第二节
主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习
本文是说明文。文章介绍了学习第二语言的好处。
36. D。D项总领全文，指出学习第二语言有很多好处，下文作了具体介绍。
37. E。E项与上文中的Learning a secnd language imprves yur memry. Becming bilingual exercises yur brain, challenges yu t cncentrate, and imprves yur prblem-slving skills为语义上的顺承关系，指出学习第二语言可以增强记忆、强化大脑、提高成绩。且该项与本部分小标题Yu becme smarter相照应。
38. F。F项与下文中的Traveling thrugh a freign cuntry becmes much easier if yu can speak the language f that cuntry为语义上的顺承关系，指出学习第二语言可以帮助人们拓宽旅行的目的地。F项中的vacatin与本部分中的traveling为近义词复现关系。
39. A。下文中的Researchers are als saying that peple wh can speak different languages are mre creative than mnlingual speakers指出，学习外语可以使人变得更有创造性。本句中的creative与A项中的creativity为原词复现关系，故A项为此处小标题。
40. G。G项中的Cnfident与上文Cnfidence increases when a new skill is mastered, and learning a freign language is n different中的Cnfidence为原词复现关系，指出学习外语可以让人变得更有自信。
补充说明：
Ludwig Wittgenstein：路德维希•维特根斯坦，出生于奥地利，后入英国籍。维特根斯坦是20世纪最有影响力的哲学家之一，其研究领域主要在数学哲学、精神哲学和语言哲学等方面。
语言运用
第一节
主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习
本文是记叙文。作者被一部中国的玄幻剧吸引，感受到了中文的魅力，并决定开始学习中文。
41. D。42. C。根据上文中的I’ve always been fascinated by languages, but I’ve never been any gd at learning them可知，作者虽然总是被语言吸引，但是并不擅长学习它们。在法语课上，作者从不“注意（paid attentin t）”课上所学知识，因此老师对作者的表现感到很不“高兴（happy）”。
43. A。根据下文中的I’ve started ... several thers可知，此处是在讲述作者对“语言（language）”的兴趣是从何时开始的。
44. B。根据下文中的They include Latin, Russian, Spanish, and prbably several thers. Nne f them stuck可知，作者学习了很多语言，包括拉丁语、俄语、西班牙语以及其他语言，所学语言多到自己都不“记得（remember）”，但是没有一门语言坚持学习了下来。
45. A。根据空前的And then came lckdwn以及空后的still be able t wrk frm hme可知，封城后，作者因为能够继续居家办公而感到很“幸运（lucky）”。
46. C。47. B。根据语境可知，当晚上或者周末作者感到“无聊（bred）”的时候，他就会浏览一些电视节目来看。这也让作者“发现了（fund）”一部人物关系复杂的中国玄幻剧。
48. C。49. D。根据语境可知，作者看到一半时“意识到（realized）”很多中文台词和英文翻译是不匹配的。“例如（Fr example）”，一个演员不是直接被称呼名字，而是被叫做“师姐”。
50. A。根据语境可知，作者进行了一些“研究（research）”，发现自己遇到了困难。
51. B。根据上文中的a Chinese fantasy drama filled with cmplex relatinships、空前的Shijie, which I learned can be translated as “martial sister”，以及下文中的S many different wrds fr “aunt”, “uncle” and “grandfather”! Characters with mre than ne name可知，这部电视剧的人物关系很复杂，而“师姐”这一称谓让作者见识到了中国人物“关系（relatinships）”的复杂性。诸如“aunt”、“uncle”以及“grandfather”都有不同的称谓。
52. D。53. C。根据语境可知，作者不仅因为中文和文化有着紧密的联系而被“吸引（attracted）”，同时他还认为中文是一门富有诗意的、“美丽的（beautiful）”语言。
54. B。55. D。根据语境可知，作者不想看翻译的语言，想要“理解（understand）”最原始的资料，哪怕在实现这一目标“之前（befre）”需要花费很长时间。
第二节
主题语境：人与社会——历史、社会与文化
本文是说明文。文章介绍了汉语拼音。
56. used。考查动词-ed形式作定语。此处表示“用于学习普通话的体系”，Rmanizatin system与use之间为被动关系，故填动词-ed形式作后置定语修饰Rmanizatin system。
57. teaching。考查动词-ing形式作宾语。设空处作介词fr的宾语，故填teaching。
58. widely。考查副词。设空处修饰动词used，故填widely。
59. easier。考查形容词比较级。根据下文中的than befre可知，此处应用形容词比较级，故填easier。
60. cuntries。考查可数名词复数。cuntry意为“国家”，为可数名词，根据空前的varius可知，此处应用名词的复数形式，故填cuntries。
61. fr / t。考查固定搭配。prvide sth fr / t sb为某人提供某物。
62. t read。考查动词不定式作定语。way后常跟动词不定式作定语，表示“做某事的方法”，故填t read。
63. difficulty。考查名词。根据空前的不定冠词a可知，此处应填名词difficulty。
64. that / which。考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词letter cmbinatins，且在从句中作主语，故填关系代词that / which。
65. it。考查it的用法。设空处作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式结构，故填it。
In numbers
184
The number f Amtrak trains running each day in 1971. Tday, it runs 300 daily, carrying nearly 85,700 passengers.
32.5m
The number f Amtrak passenger trips made in the 2019 fiscal year (财政年度).
21,000
The number f rute miles cvered by Amtrak. It takes in 46 states, as well as Washingtn, D.C. and three Canadian prvinces (省).
Built in 1955, Amtrak’s ld-style Great Dme railcar shwed landscapes (风景) in Califrnia, New Mexic, Arizna and — its final tur f duty ( 责任) in 2019 — Albany t Mntreal, a prize ticket in leaf-peeping seasn.
All change: Yu can’t crss the US n ne train. Rutes that travel east and west end in Chicag r New Orleans.
The first train run by Amtrak in 1971 was The Clcker, which headed t Philadelphia frm New Yrk City shrtly after midnight.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
AMTRAK TURNS 50
Amtrak, America’s natinal railrad netwrk, was set up half a century ag. We celebrate Amtrak’s rutes (路线) ver US railways.
LOS ANGELES
65 HRS 20 MINS, Texas Eagle, 2, 728 miles
EMERYVILLE
51 HRS 20 MINS, Califrnia Zephyr, 2,438 miles
PORTLAND
46 HRS, Empire Builder, 2,255 miles
SEATTLE
46 HRS, Empire Builder, 2,205 miles
21. Which f the fllwing rutes is the lngest?
A. LOS ANGELES-CHICAGO.
B. EMERYVILLE-CHICAGO.
C. PORTLAND-CHICAGO.
D. SEATTLE-CHICAGO.
22. What des the number “21,000” refer t?
A. Daily Amtrak passengers.
B. Places Amtrak has visited.
C. Mney Amtrak made in 2019.
D. Rute miles cvered by Amtrak.
23. What d we knw abut Amtrak?
A. It allws peple t crss the US n ne train.
B. It sent passengers t New Yrk City at first.
C. Its service cvers the U.S. nly.
D. Its first train set ut in 1971.
B
When I first mved t China in 1998, I thught I wuld impress my class by using sme Chinese in my speech abut American weddings (婚礼). I tld them everyne brings a gift t the wedding fr the cuple. As sn as I said this, all f the students lked surprised. I knew I had said smething wrng. I realized that instead f telling them that everybdy brings gifts t the hun li fr the cuple, I had said peple bring gifts fr them at the li hun!
I get laughs frm sme f my students because I ften make mistakes and my Chinese sunds strange at times. But I tell them that smetimes their English is really strange t.
One asks, “What are yu like t d in yur free time?” And the ther answers, “I very like basketball.” I find that even gd English speakers make such mistakes. The secnd is by far the mst cmmn mistake I have heard amng Chinese English speakers. It is a result f first thinking in Chinese and then translating each wrd in the sentence int English. This, f curse, makes sme Chinese peple’s English sund strange.
“We shuld get ff the car here,” a student tld me. My schl had asked tw students t shw me arund the city by taxi. In English cuntries, we “get ff ” a bike, bus, r train. Hwever, when we leave a car, we say “get ut f the car”. Perhaps the student had learned “get ff ” means xia in Chinese and he thught the phrase (短语) culd be fllwed by any means f transprtatin. T avid such mistakes, yu shuld take cllcatins (搭配) seriusly. Only learning vcabulary and grammar is nt enugh.
Sme f my students sund mre like a bk r machine than a human. Perhaps they have gtten used t depending n bks. Yu can als read English bks ut lud r use a CD, but yu need the real thing. If yu have a chance t hear a native speaker frm an English-speaking cuntry, practice repeating what yu hear. They can teach yu hw t have a cnversatin.
24. Why did the students feel surprised?
A. American weddings are difficult t rganize.
B. The authr’s Chinese was as fluent as Chinese.
C. The authr used a cmpletely wrng Chinese wrd.
D. Everyne must bring a gift t an American wedding.
25. What can cause strange English in China accrding t the authr?
A. Spelling mistakes.
B. Direct translatin.
C. Cultural difference.
D. Wrng prnunciatins.
26. What can we infer abut the student wh said “We shuld ... here”?
A. He might be pr at vcabulary.
B. He might mistake “car” fr “taxi”.
C. He might knw very little abut the city.
D. He might pay little attentin t cllcatins.
27. What des the authr want t share in the last paragraph？
A. Cmmn mistakes made by Chinese English learners.
B. Differences between Chinese and American culture.
C. Suggestins n imprving cnversatinal skills.
D. His experience f learning English.
C
Experts believe the basis f the German language, Prt-Germanic, began t develp abut 2000 BCE, as peple began t live in western areas f the Baltic Sea. One f the first ever recrds f the German language dates back t the 1st century BCE when the Rmans came acrss peple frm the Rhine-Danube area.
The mdern German we knw tday is likely t be unrecgnisable frm the language that the Rmans first experienced. It has gne thrugh many changes, frm Old High German (frm abut 700 CE t the eleventh century),Middle High German (frm abut 1050 t 1350), Early New High German (1350 t 1600) t New High German (frm abut 1600 t the present).
As with many languages, German has develped alng with sciety and sciplitical (社会政治的) factrs have helped shape the language int what it is tday. New wrds frm ther languages have been adpted (采纳) by German speakers. Others have been intrduced int the German language because f mre cmmunicatins with freigners either because f migratin (移民), trade, war, r the develpment f new technlgy frm cinema t the Internet. Fr example, tday Germans will have “brainstrming sessins” — using the English term. Similarly, mst speakers have adpted English wrds related t technlgy like the Internet r email, as it happens in several ther languages.
German is an interesting language because f the dminance (优势) f dialects, which appeared because f the fact that there was n cultural centre, like Paris in France. By the end f the Middle Ages actin was taken t create a “Standard German language”, s that peple frm different areas culd cmmunicate mre easily with each ther. A majr influence n the standardizatin f German was Martin Luther’s German translatin f an influential bk in 1522. That “style” was largely based n the language used at the Saxn curt. This became the basis f what we knw as German tday.
28. When d experts think German started t develp first？
A. In the 1st century BCE.
B. Abut 2000 BCE.
C. Abut 1350.
D. In 700 CE.
29. The authr lists the example in paragraph 3 t _____.
A. stress that learning the German language is helpful
B. prve that the German language has a lng histry
C. explain why the German language is difficult t learn
D. shw that many factrs have helped shape the language
30. What did Martin Luther d？
A. He helped set the basis f German tday.
B. He did a lt f research n German dialects.
C. He wrte a bk in bth German and English.
D. He shaped German with the help f the French.
31. What is this text mainly abut?
A. A brief histry f the German language.
B. Hw the German language spread wrldwide.
C. The influence f technlgy n the German language.
D. Hw the German language influenced ther languages.
D
Handwritten Chinese characters can be beautiful. I still remember lking at Chinese and nt understanding anything it said and yet feeling a strng attractin. In fact, sme students start learning Chinese because f the characters. After having studied Chinese fr a while, I realised that handwriting in Chinese takes a very lng time t learn.
Living as we d in a digital era (数字时代) with smartphnes and cmputers, mst students sner r later ask themselves this questin: Is it really necessary t learn hw t write by hand in Chinese? When using smartphnes r cmputers, we can use phnetic input (语音输入) systems, which chse the characters we want fr us as lng as we can remember hw they are prnunced. Since we enter different characters, we seldm need t be able t recgnise the difference between individual (每个) characters in detail; the cmputer makes the right chices fr us. D we really need t write Chinese by hand at all?
I think mst peple agree that yu shuld learn t write at least sme characters at sme pint as a student f Chinese, althugh nt necessarily straight away and nt necessarily all the characters that yu can say. But unless yu dn’t care abut written language at all, yu shuld learn the basics f handwriting. Withut it, it will be very hard t understand characters. Yu dn’t need t be a calligraphy master, but yu d need basic handwriting skills t d this. Simply lking at things is, as usual, a bad way f learning.
I think learning the mst cmmn 500 characters r s is a gd idea fr all students. If yu actually want t write by hand, extend (扩大) that t 1,000. Then learn t handwrite characters utside f the 1, 000 mst cmmn n a need-t-knw basis.
32. What des the authr think f Chinese characters?
A. They are less cmmunicative than English wrds.
B. They attract sme freigners t learn Chinese.
C. They shw the greatness f Chinese culture.
D. They are nt really that difficult.
33. What can we infer abut characters in paragraph 2?
A. Characters are very difficult fr freigners t learn.
B. Peple believe learning t write characters is imprtant.
C. Peple dubt the necessity f learning t write characters.
D. Characters may disappear with the develpment f sciety.
34. What des the underlined wrd “this” in paragraph 3 refer t?
A. Understanding characters.
B. Being a calligraphy master.
C. Keeping a gd learning habit.
D. Learning basic handwriting skills.
35. What is the authr’s attitude t learning t write characters in the digital age?
A. Wrried. B. Uncaring. C. Surprised. D. Supprtive.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Learning a secnd language is really helpful fr us. 36
1. Yu becme smarter.
Learning a secnd language imprves yur memry (记忆). Becming bilingual (双语的) exercises yur brain, challenges yu t cncentrate, and imprves yur prblem-slving skills. 37 Learning a secnd language als imprves yur native language, as it teaches yu the structures (结构) behind any language — nt just new languages.
2. It’s great fr traveling.
Austrian philspher Ludwig Wittgenstein said that “the limits (限制) f yur language are the limits f yur wrld,” and he was right. 38 Traveling thrugh a freign cuntry becmes much easier if yu can speak the language f that cuntry.
3. 39
Researchers are als saying that peple wh can speak different languages are mre creative than mnlingual (仅懂一种语言的) speakers. Learning a freign language imprves nt nly yur ability t slve prblems, it als makes yu experiment with new wrds.
4. It builds up yur self-cnfidence.
Yu’re abut t teach yurself t believe, “Yes, I can.” Cnfidence increases when a new skill is mastered, and learning a freign language is n different. 40 The way yu use t develp a secnd tngue results in a greater sense f pen-mindedness.
A. It increases yur creativity.
B. Yu can share it with yur new friends.
C. Learning a secnd language is easier as a child.
D. There are many advantages f learning a freign language.
E. Bilingual students are likely t scre higher than mnlingual students.
F. Knwing mre than ne language pens up yur vacatin pssibilities.
G. Cnfident peple are mre interesting than thse wh are unsure f themselves.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I’ve always been fascinated (迷住) by languages, but I’ve never been any gd at learning them. I remember sitting in my French lessns, I never 41 what I was being taught. My teacher wasn’t 42 .
But ne f my A Levels was English Language, and that was where my interest in 43 started. Over the last few years, I’ve started learning mre languages than I can 44 . They include Latin, Russian, Spanish, and prbably several thers. Nne f them stuck.
And then came lckdwn. While I was 45 enugh t still be able t wrk frm hme, n evenings and weekends, I fund myself getting 46 and lking thrugh Netflix fr smething t watch. That’s hw I 47 a Chinese fantasy drama (玄幻剧) filled with cmplex (复杂的) relatinships.
But by the time I gt abut halfway thrugh the shw, I 48 that in sme cases, the wrds being spken in Chinese didn’t match the wrds being said in the English translatins. 49 , a character was being called shijie instead f by her name. I went nline, did sme 50 and met a difficulty.
Shijie, which I learned can be translated as “martial sister”, intrduced me t the cmplexities f Chinese 51 . S many different wrds fr “aunt”, “uncle” and “grandfather”! Characters with mre than ne name!
I was 52 by the way the language is s intertwined (紧密相连) with the culture, and hw petic and 53 it is. I wanted t be able t 54 the surce material (原始资料), even if it was ging t take me a lng while 55 I gt t that pint.
41. A. lked ut fr B. depended n C. laughed at D. paid attentin t
42. A. angry B. relaxed C. happy D. nervus
43. A. language B. cultureC. schlD. histry
44. A. enjy B. remember C. suggest D. chse
45. A. lucky B. wrried C. mad D. surprised
46. A. dubtfulB. pleased C. bred D. helpful
47. A. frgt B. fund C. created D. directed
48. A. expected B. decided C. realized D. hped
49. A. At first B. Abve all C. In additin D. Fr example
50. A. research B. business C. interviews D. tests
51. A. families B. relatinships C. dramas D. lifestyles
52. A. hurt B. saddened C. encuraged D. attracted
53. A. strangeB. difficult C. beautiful D. satisfying
54. A. believe B. understand C. accept D. imagine
55. A. thugh B. unless C. nce D. befre
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Pinyin is a Rmanizatin system 56. ________ (use) t learn Mandarin (普通话). It describes the sunds f Mandarin using the Western (Rman) alphabet (字母表). Cmmnly, Pinyin is used fr 57. ________ (teach) schl children t read. And it is als 58. ________ (wide) used in teaching Westerners wh wish t learn Mandarin.
Pinyin was develped in the 1950s and is nw the fficial Rmanizatin system f China, Singapre, and the American Library Assciatin. Library standards make it 59. ________ (easy) t find Chinese language materials than befre. A wrldwide standard als helps the exchange f infrmatin between rganizatins in varius 60. ________ (cuntry).
Learning Pinyin is imprtant. Pinyin prvides a cmfrtable base 61. ________ anyne trying t learn Mandarin: it lks familiar (熟悉的). It ffers a way 62. ________ (read) Chinese withut using Chinese characters — a majr 63. ________ (difficult) fr freigners wh want t learn Mandarin. Pinyin is nt perfect. It uses many letter cmbinatins (组合) 64. ________ are unknwn in English and ther Western languages. Anyne wh has nt studied Pinyin is likely t misprnunce the spellings. Althugh there are sme disadvantages f Pinyin, 65. ________ is best t have a single system f Rmanizatin fr the Mandarin language.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
假定你是李华，你所在的学校将举办以“汉字的演变”为主题的活动。请给你的留学生朋友Elsa写封邮件邀请她参加，内容包括：
1. 活动的时间以及地点；
2. 活动的内容。
注意：写作词数应为80左右。
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第二节（满分25分）
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My family hadn’t dne anything different in frever. S when my aunt Jen invited us t the utdr spring celebratin at her farm last mnth, I was s excited that I decided t make an extra-special treat. “Yummy!” my little sister said, stealing a sweet.
“That’s enugh, Indi!” I said. “I need thse fr my lambs (羔羊)!”
“I didn’t knw lambs liked sweets,” She laughed.
I laughed t. “I’m nt feeding them t the lambs. I’m making lamb decratins (装饰) fr my cupcakes.” “I want t help!” she said.
“Me t!” said my brther.
“OK,” I said. “I guess yu tw can decrate yur wn.”
Of curse, they used way t many sweets.
“I have the fluffiest (最蓬松的) sheep f all!” said Tex.
“Mine is fluffier!” said Indi.
“They lk equally fluffy t me,” I said. “Maybe they’re twins, just like yu.”
“Okey-dkey!” said my dad. “The picnic ges frm twelve t three. We’d better get a mve n!” First, we had t wait fr Tex t find his shes. Next, as we were driving dwn the rad, we had t g back t the huse because my mm frgt her wallet. Then, abut halfway t Aunt Jen’s huse, we had t drive far ut f ur way t find a place fr Indi t use the restrm. After that, my parents decided it’d be quicker t take this ne little side rad as a shrtcut. But the shrtcut ended up turning int a lng cut! We drve frever n a winding rad, and just when we were in the middle f nwhere, ur car started making a strange nise.
“Srry,” said my mm. “We’re ging t have t pull ver and call radside services.”
“N!” I said. “We’re already late.”
“Dn’t wrry,” said my dad. “I’m sure help will arrive sn.”
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
But as yu can prbably guess by the way this stry has gne s far, help did nt arrive sn at all. ______________________________________________________
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At first, we kids weren’t exactly jumping up and dwn abut picnicking there.
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参考答案
1-20 略
21-25 ADDCB 26-30 DCBDA 31-35 ABCAD 36-40 DEFAG
41-45 DCABA 46-50 CBCDA 51-55 BDCBD
56. used 57. teaching 58. widely
59. easier 60. cuntries 61. fr / t
62. t read 63. difficulty 64. that / which 65. it
写作
第一节
One pssible versin:
Dear Elsa,
I’m writing t invite yu t take part in an activity held by ur schl next Friday frm 4 p.m. t 6 p.m. in the schl hall.
The activity will fcus n the histry and develpment f Chinese characters. Related pictures and films will be shwn during the perid. Besides, I heard sme experts wuld be invited t give speeches. I knw yu’re interested in Chinese culture s I believe yu will like it.
I am lking frward t yur reply.
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节
One pssible versin:
But as yu can prbably guess by the way this stry has gne s far, help did nt arrive sn at all. “We’re ging t miss everything!” said Tex. “Nt fair!” said Indi. “Lk n the bright side,” said Dad. “Our car culdn’t have picked a prettier place t break dwn.” “I agree,” Mm said. “Hw abut we walk ver t that wildflwer field and have ur wn springtime celebratin? I’m sure Aunt Jen wuldn’t mind if we ate the ptat salad and fruit.”
At first, we kids weren’t exactly jumping up and dwn abut picnicking there. But as we started lking arund, cl things started happening. “Lk!” Mm pinted at tw rabbits happily eating grass. “We’re nt the nly nes wh think this is a gd place fr a picnic.” Just then, we heard a big sund, and hundreds f birds rse up ut f the trees, and flew int the sky! I said, “That is the mst magical thing I’ve ever seen in my life!” All in all, it was a pretty special picnic.
部分解析
阅读
第一节
A篇
主题语境：人与社会——历史、社会与文化
本文是应用文。文章介绍了美国国家铁路客运公司（Amtrak）的概况。
21. A。细节理解题。对比四条线路的距离可知，洛杉矶——芝加哥这一路线是最长的。四条线路中的Texas Eagle、Califrnia Zephyr、Empire Builder均为列车名。
22. D。细节理解题。根据第一个表格中的21,000 The number f rute miles cvered by Amtrak. It takes in 46 states, as well as Washingtn, D. C. and three Canadian prvinces可知，21,000代表Amtrak的火车所行驶的英里数。
23. D。细节理解题。根据第二个表格中的The first train run by Amtrak in 1971 was The Clcker可知，Amtrak公司的第一辆火车于1971年开始运行。
补充说明：
Amtrak：美国国家铁路客运公司（Natinal Railrad Passenger Crpratin f the USA），常用商标为Amtrak，简称美国国铁或美铁，是美国唯一一家长途和城际铁路客运公司，创立于1971年5月1日，总部位于美国哥伦比亚特区华盛顿联合车站。Amtrak是一个由英文美国（America）和铁轨（track）组成的混成词。
leaf-peeping：赏叶
B篇
主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习
本文是夹叙夹议文。作者是来自美国的外教，他觉得中国人讲的英语有时候很奇怪。
24. C。细节理解题。根据第一段中的As sn as I said this, all f the students lked surprised. I knew I had said smething wrng. I realized that instead f telling them that everybdy brings gifts t the hun li fr the cuple, I had said peple bring gifts fr them at the li hun!可知，学生们感到惊讶是因为作者把“婚礼”说成了“离婚”。
25. B。推理判断题。根据第三段中的It is a result f first thinking in Chinese and then translating each wrd in the sentence int English可知，作者认为中国人有时讲的英语很奇怪的一个原因是用汉语思考，再逐字翻译成英语。
26. D。细节理解题。根据第四段中的Hwever, when we leave a car, we say “get ut f the car”. Perhaps the student had learned “get ff ” means xia in Chinese and he thught the phrase culd be fllwed by any means f transprtatin. T avid such mistakes, yu shuld take cllcatins seriusly可知，作者认为这个学生之所以那么说是因为在平常学习时没有注意词语的搭配。
27. C。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的If yu have a chance t hear a native speaker frm an English-speaking cuntry, practice repeating what yu hear. They can teach yu hw t have a cnversatin可知，作者给想要提高会话技能的英语学习者提供了建议——要多跟来自英语国家的人学习。
C篇
主题语境：人与社会——历史、社会与文化
本文是说明文。文章介绍了德语发展的历史。
28. B。细节理解题。根据第一段中的Experts believe the basis f the German language, Prt - Germanic, began t develp abut 2000 BCE, as peple began t live in western areas f the Baltic Sea可知，专家认为德语最先是由约公元前2000年的原始日耳曼语发展而来的。
29. D。写作目的题。第三段中的As with many languages, German has develped alng with sciety and sciplitical factrs have helped shape the language int what it is tday为本段中心句，指出德语的发展受到了多种因素的影响，包括其他语言、移民、战争、贸易以及科技发展，之后作者用具体的事例对这一观点进行了解释说明。
30. A。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的A majr influence n the standardizatin f German was Martin Luther’s German translatin f an influential bk in 1522. That “style” was largely based n the language used at the Saxn curt. This became the basis f what we knw as German tday可知，马丁·路德翻译的著作为当代德语的发展奠定了基础。
31. A。主旨大意题。文章介绍了德语从原始日耳曼语发展为当代德语的过程，并指出了发展过程中的影响因素。由此可知，本文主要介绍的是德语发展的历史。
补充说明：
Prt-Germanic：原始日耳曼语，或共同日耳曼语 (Cmmn Germanic)，是猜想中存在的一个所有日耳曼语族语言的共同祖先。
D篇
主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习
本文是议论文。作者认为，在数字化时代，学习书写汉字仍是十分必要的。
32. B。细节理解题。根据第一段中的I still remember lking at Chinese and nt understanding anything it said and yet feeling a strng attractin. In fact, sme students start learning Chinese because f the characters可知，作者认为汉字吸引了一部分外国人学习汉语。
33. C。推理判断题。第二段中作者提出Is it really necessary t learn hw t write by hand in Chinese?这一问题，之后提到When using smartphnes r cmputers, we can use phnetic input systems, which chse the characters we want fr us as lng as we can remember hw they are prnunced，指出人们在手机或者电脑上借助语音输入系统就可以找到对应的汉字，因此可以推断有人质疑在电子时代学习书写汉字的必要性。
34. A。篇章结构题。根据第三段中的But unless yu dn’t care abut written language at all, yu shuld learn the basics f handwriting. Withut it, it will be very hard t understand characters可知，作者认为，如果不了解书法的基本知识，理解汉字会很难，人们需要通过掌握一些基本的书写知识来进一步理解汉字。因此，此处this指代“理解汉字”。
35. D。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为，汉语学习者应该掌握最基本的500个汉字，甚至可以根据自己的需要扩大到1,000个。因此可以推断，作者支持汉语学习者学习书写汉字。
第二节
主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习
本文是说明文。文章介绍了学习第二语言的好处。
36. D。D项总领全文，指出学习第二语言有很多好处，下文作了具体介绍。
37. E。E项与上文中的Learning a secnd language imprves yur memry. Becming bilingual exercises yur brain, challenges yu t cncentrate, and imprves yur prblem-slving skills为语义上的顺承关系，指出学习第二语言可以增强记忆、强化大脑、提高成绩。且该项与本部分小标题Yu becme smarter相照应。
38. F。F项与下文中的Traveling thrugh a freign cuntry becmes much easier if yu can speak the language f that cuntry为语义上的顺承关系，指出学习第二语言可以帮助人们拓宽旅行的目的地。F项中的vacatin与本部分中的traveling为近义词复现关系。
39. A。下文中的Researchers are als saying that peple wh can speak different languages are mre creative than mnlingual speakers指出，学习外语可以使人变得更有创造性。本句中的creative与A项中的creativity为原词复现关系，故A项为此处小标题。
40. G。G项中的Cnfident与上文Cnfidence increases when a new skill is mastered, and learning a freign language is n different中的Cnfidence为原词复现关系，指出学习外语可以让人变得更有自信。
补充说明：
Ludwig Wittgenstein：路德维希•维特根斯坦，出生于奥地利，后入英国籍。维特根斯坦是20世纪最有影响力的哲学家之一，其研究领域主要在数学哲学、精神哲学和语言哲学等方面。
语言运用
第一节
主题语境：人与自我——生活与学习
本文是记叙文。作者被一部中国的玄幻剧吸引，感受到了中文的魅力，并决定开始学习中文。
41. D。42. C。根据上文中的I’ve always been fascinated by languages, but I’ve never been any gd at learning them可知，作者虽然总是被语言吸引，但是并不擅长学习它们。在法语课上，作者从不“注意（paid attentin t）”课上所学知识，因此老师对作者的表现感到很不“高兴（happy）”。
43. A。根据下文中的I’ve started ... several thers可知，此处是在讲述作者对“语言（language）”的兴趣是从何时开始的。
44. B。根据下文中的They include Latin, Russian, Spanish, and prbably several thers. Nne f them stuck可知，作者学习了很多语言，包括拉丁语、俄语、西班牙语以及其他语言，所学语言多到自己都不“记得（remember）”，但是没有一门语言坚持学习了下来。
45. A。根据空前的And then came lckdwn以及空后的still be able t wrk frm hme可知，封城后，作者因为能够继续居家办公而感到很“幸运（lucky）”。
46. C。47. B。根据语境可知，当晚上或者周末作者感到“无聊（bred）”的时候，他就会浏览一些电视节目来看。这也让作者“发现了（fund）”一部人物关系复杂的中国玄幻剧。
48. C。49. D。根据语境可知，作者看到一半时“意识到（realized）”很多中文台词和英文翻译是不匹配的。“例如（Fr example）”，一个演员不是直接被称呼名字，而是被叫做“师姐”。
50. A。根据语境可知，作者进行了一些“研究（research）”，发现自己遇到了困难。
51. B。根据上文中的a Chinese fantasy drama filled with cmplex relatinships、空前的Shijie, which I learned can be translated as “martial sister”，以及下文中的S many different wrds fr “aunt”, “uncle” and “grandfather”! Characters with mre than ne name可知，这部电视剧的人物关系很复杂，而“师姐”这一称谓让作者见识到了中国人物“关系（relatinships）”的复杂性。诸如“aunt”、“uncle”以及“grandfather”都有不同的称谓。
52. D。53. C。根据语境可知，作者不仅因为中文和文化有着紧密的联系而被“吸引（attracted）”，同时他还认为中文是一门富有诗意的、“美丽的（beautiful）”语言。
54. B。55. D。根据语境可知，作者不想看翻译的语言，想要“理解（understand）”最原始的资料，哪怕在实现这一目标“之前（befre）”需要花费很长时间。
第二节
主题语境：人与社会——历史、社会与文化
本文是说明文。文章介绍了汉语拼音。
56. used。考查动词-ed形式作定语。此处表示“用于学习普通话的体系”，Rmanizatin system与use之间为被动关系，故填动词-ed形式作后置定语修饰Rmanizatin system。
57. teaching。考查动词-ing形式作宾语。设空处作介词fr的宾语，故填teaching。
58. widely。考查副词。设空处修饰动词used，故填widely。
59. easier。考查形容词比较级。根据下文中的than befre可知，此处应用形容词比较级，故填easier。
60. cuntries。考查可数名词复数。cuntry意为“国家”，为可数名词，根据空前的varius可知，此处应用名词的复数形式，故填cuntries。
61. fr / t。考查固定搭配。prvide sth fr / t sb为某人提供某物。
62. t read。考查动词不定式作定语。way后常跟动词不定式作定语，表示“做某事的方法”，故填t read。
63. difficulty。考查名词。根据空前的不定冠词a可知，此处应填名词difficulty。
64. that / which。考查关系代词。设空处引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词letter cmbinatins，且在从句中作主语，故填关系代词that / which。
65. it。考查it的用法。设空处作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式结构，故填it。
In numbers
184
The number f Amtrak trains running each day in 1971. Tday, it runs 300 daily, carrying nearly 85,700 passengers.
32.5m
The number f Amtrak passenger trips made in the 2019 fiscal year (财政年度).
21,000
The number f rute miles cvered by Amtrak. It takes in 46 states, as well as Washingtn, D.C. and three Canadian prvinces (省).
Built in 1955, Amtrak’s ld-style Great Dme railcar shwed landscapes (风景) in Califrnia, New Mexic, Arizna and — its final tur f duty ( 责任) in 2019 — Albany t Mntreal, a prize ticket in leaf-peeping seasn.
All change: Yu can’t crss the US n ne train. Rutes that travel east and west end in Chicag r New Orleans.
The first train run by Amtrak in 1971 was The Clcker, which headed t Philadelphia frm New Yrk City shrtly after midnight.
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