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高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle学案
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这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle学案，共22页。
背景导学
“Can I get a light?” This is the cmmnest questin amng smkers. What if this questin is t cme frm an unusual surce? The Natinal Health Prmtin Fundatin upladed （上传） an anti-smking advertisement. The anti-smking ad has quickly been knwn as “the mst pwerful anti-smking ad”.
The anti-smking vide, called “Smking Kid”, features children walking up t adult smkers and asking fr a light. The children in the ad are actrs but the smking adults are unsuspecting participants in the prject.
The vide begins with the statement“Adults knw that smking is harmful, but dn’t remind themselves f this fact”. Once a “smking kid” appraches the adults, every adult asked is shcked that the child with a cigarette in his hand is asking fr a light. The first adult starts by saying, “I’m nt giving it t yu.” Then the vide ges n t state “Every adult filmed said n and reminded the children that smking is bad”.
Befre ging away, the kid hands each adult a bklet after being turned dwn fr a light. The bklet says, “Yu wrry abut me, but why nt abut yurself?” The adults lk arund fr the child as their faces are filled with cnfusin and discmfrt. The vide shws that a few f the smkers quickly threw away their cigarettes r put them away, shwing that this experiment was effective at that mment. The mst influential element in the ad isn’t the use f children r the respnses frm the smking adults. It cmes dwn t smething much simpler than that. Why is it that we wrry abut ther peple, frgetting t wrry abut urselves?
1.What was the adults’ reactin t the children asking fr a light?
A. They lked arund fr the children’s parents.B. They paid n attentin t the children’s request.
C. They quickly threw the children’s cigarettes away.D. They rejected the children’s request and educated them.
答案：D
2.Accrding t the last but ne paragraph, the anti-smking ad is .
A. unusual B. shcking C. influential D. encuraging
答案：C
3.Which culd be the best title f the text?
A. Give up smking fr yur healthB. Keep away frm smking, adults
C. Tell yur children nt t smkeD. Reject a child asking fr a light
答案：A
Sectin Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
自主学习·激发潜能
Ⅰ. 课文翻译
Ⅱ. 词汇拓展
1. independent /ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/ adj. 独立的；自主的；自治的→ independently /ˌɪndɪˈpendəntli/ adv. 独立地；自立地→ independence /ˌɪndɪˈpendəns/ n. 独立→ dependent /dɪˈpendənt/adj. 依赖的；依靠的
2. dminate /'dɒmɪneɪt/ vt. &vi. 支配；控制；占有优势→ dminatin /ˌdɒmɪ'neɪʃn/ n. 支配；控制
3. repeatedly /rɪˈpiːtɪdli/ adv. 重复地→ repeat /rɪˈpiːt/ v. 重复→ repeated /rɪˈpiːtɪd/ adj. 重复的
4. psychlgy /saɪˈkɒlədʒi/ n. 心理学；心理；心理影响→ psychlgical /ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ adj.心理的→ psychlgically /ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪkəli/ adv. 心理上地；精神上地→ psychlgist /saɪˈkɒlədʒɪst/ n.心理学家
5. rely /rɪˈlaɪ/ vi.依赖；依靠；信赖→ reliable /rɪˈlaɪəbl/ adj. 可信赖的；可依靠的
6. examine /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/ vt.（仔细）检查；审查；测验→ examinatin /ɪɡˌzæmɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 检查；审查；考试
Ⅲ. 情境词块
1.becme invlved in 参与; 作为一部分
2.make a chice 做选择
3.prevent…frm ding sth. 阻止……做某事
4.act as 充当; 起作用
5.rely n 依赖; 依靠; 信赖
6.aside frm 除……之外
7.回答; 答复 in respnse t
8.而不是 rather than
9.立即; 马上 straight away
10.决定; 选定 decide n
Ⅳ. 情境佳句
1.
2.
3.
文本互动·合作探究
Ⅰ. 文本理解
1.Reading fr the main idea.
What’s the main idea f the text?
A.Hw the “habit cycle” wrks.
B.Why bad habits shuld be changed.
C.Frming gd habits fr a healthy lifestyle is beneficial t a teenager’s life.
D.There are n shrtcuts t changing bad habits.
答案： C
2.Reading fr the structure.
Fill in the fllwing blanks with prper wrds.
Reading fr the details.
1.Hw can a teenager prevent bad habits frm ruling his r her life?
A.By leaving them unchecked.
B.By being aware f bad habits and making prper changes.
C.By being mre independent.
D.By talking t their parents and teachers.
答案： B
2.Why des the authr qute Aristtle’s wrds?
A.T shw changing bad habits is never easy.
B.T imply that we always d useless things.
C.T tell us t make preparatins in advance.
D.T tell us nly we urselves can dminate ur life.
答案： A
3.Which f the fllwing is cnsidered as the “reward”?
A.Yu decide t brrw tw bks frm the city library.
B.Yu take a walk arund the schl in the mrning.
C.Yu are willing t vlunteer in yur cmmunity this weekend.
D.Yu find yurself excited after a talk with yur friend.
答案： D
4.What is the authr’s attitude t changing bad habits?
答案：C
Ⅱ. 难句突破
1.The gd news is that we can change, if we understand hw habits wrk.
【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。其中that we can change为that引导的表语从句 , if we understand…为if引导的条件状语从句 , hw habits wrk为hw引导的宾语从句。【译文】好消息是如果我们了解习惯是如何运作的, 我们就能做出改变。
2.S, when we feel unhappy again (cue), rather than eat snacks, we culd listen t sme f ur favurite music instead (rutine), which will make us feel relaxed (reward).
【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。when we feel unhappy again为when引导的时间状语从句, which will make us feel relaxed为which引导的非限制性定语从句 , 修饰整个主句的内容。
【译文】所以, 当我们再次感到不开心时(提示), 与其吃零食, 不如听一些我们最喜欢的音乐(惯例), 这会使我们感到放松(奖励)。
Ⅲ. 概要写作
Step 1 Questin Answering
根据课文内容回答下列问题。
1.What kind f bad habits d teenagers usually frm?
Teenagers tend t frm bad habits like tbacc r alchl abuse.
2.What damage can these bad habits d t teenagers?
They can lead t physical and mental prblems.
3.What shuld teenagers d t prevent these bad habits frm dminating their life?
T prevent these bad habits frm dminating their life, they have t learn t recgnize them and make prper changes.
4.What can help them t change?
Understanding the “habit cycles” can help.
5.What shuld we d t change a bad habit?
We need t examine ur bad habit cycles and change them.
6.Can we change the bad habits suddenly?
We can’t change the bad habits suddenly but need t shw sme discipline.
Step 2 Sentence Rewriting
1.用定语从句合并第1、2句。
Teenagers tend t frm bad habits like tbacc r alchl abuse, which can lead t physical and mental prblems.
2.用becme aware f改写第3句。
T prevent these bad habits frm dminating their life, they have t becme aware f them and make prper changes.
3.用含主语从句的复合句改写第5句。
What we need t d is examine ur bad habit cycles and change them.
4.用get rid f和all f a sudden改写第6句。
We can’t get rid f the bad habits all f a sudden but need t shw sme discipline.
Step 3 Summary Writing
1.将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的文章概要。
Teenagers tend t frm bad habits like tbacc r alchl abuse, which can lead t physical and mental prblems. T prevent these bad habits frm dminating their life, they have t becme aware f them and make prper changes. Much t ur delight, understanding the “habit cycles” can help. What we need t d is examine ur bad habit cycles and change them. Hwever, we can’t get rid f the bad habits all f a sudden but need t shw sme discipline.
新知清障·素养构建
核心词汇
1. abuse n.滥用；虐待；辱骂vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂
Fr example, sme f them may becme invlved in tbacc r alchl abuse, which can lead t physical and mental health prblems. 例如, 有些青少年会吸烟成瘾或酗酒, 造成生理和心理健康问题。（教材P14）
典例翻译
①The case has brught the prblem f child abuse int fcus.
这个案子已使虐待儿童成为了焦点问题。
②Much f the crime in this area is related t drug abuse.
这一地区的许多犯罪都与吸毒有关。
③Gvernment fficials shuldn’t abuse their pwers.
政府官员不应该滥用职权。
④It is said that the jurnalists, wh cvered the case last week, have been threatened and abused.
据说，上周报道这个事件的记者遭到了恐吓和辱骂。
归纳拓展
（1）虐待儿童 child abuse
酗酒/嗜毒 alchl/drug abuse
（2）滥用职权 abuse ne’s pwer
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①He came t the help f anther driver wh was being racially abused (abuse) by three white passengers.
（2）完成句子
②It is said that drug and alchl abuse （嗜毒和酗酒） cntributed t Brian’s early death.
③He was accused f abusing his wife （虐待妻子） last week.
2. in respnse t 回答；答复
Secndly, there is a “rutine”, the regular actin yu take in respnse t the cue. 其次，形成“惯例”，即你响应提示采取的有规律的行动。（教材P14）
典例翻译
①With the help f his teammate, the peratr made a quick respnse t the event.
在他的队友的帮助下, 这个操作员对事件作出了快速的反应。
②They made n respnse t ur call fr help, which disappinted us.
他们没有回应我们的求助，这让我们很失望。
③During the utbreak f the nvel crnavirus pneumnia disease, China rse up t the challenge and respnded t it bravely.
在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情暴发期间，中国迎难而上, 勇敢应对此次挑战。
归纳拓展
（1）对……作出回应 make a respnse t/in respnse t
没有回应 make n respnse
（2）v.回答；作出反应 respnd
回答; 对……作出回应 respnd t
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Knwing basic first-aid techniques will help yu respnd quickly t emergencies.
（2）完成句子
那个画家至今没有对这个问题作出回应。
②S far, the artist has nt respnded t the questin. (respnd)
③S far, the artist has made n respnse t the questin. (respnse)
④S far, the artist has dne nthing in respnse t the questin. (respnse)
3. reward n.回报；奖励；报酬vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬
Thirdly, there is the “reward”, the gd thing r feeling we get frm the rutine. 第三, 有“奖励”，即我们从惯例中得到的好处或感觉。（教材P14）
典例翻译
①The bss rewarded him with a trip t China fr his cntributins.
因为他的贡献, 老板奖励他一次中国之旅。
②The sldier received a medal in reward fr his bravery in fighting the frest fire that brke ut in Liangshan, Sichuan Prvince.
这名战士因在爆发于四川凉山的森林大火中的英勇表现而获得了一枚奖章。
③The cmpany gave/ffered a reward t him fr his psitive attitude.
公司因他积极的态度给予了他奖励。
④There is really nthing mre rewarding in the wrld than helping thers live a happy life.
世界上真的没有什么事情比帮助别人过上幸福的生活更值得做了。
归纳拓展
（1）因(做)某事用某物奖励某人 reward sb. with sth. fr (ding) sth.
（2）作为（对……的）回报 in reward (fr) a reward (fr)...
为某事而给某人奖励 give/ffer a reward t sb. fr sth.
（3）adj.有益的; 值得做的 rewarding
易错辨析
A ＄100 reward has been ffered fr the return f the necklace. 已悬赏100美元寻找这条项链。
The Scttish girl with blue eyes wn first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech cntest.
这位蓝眼睛的苏格兰女孩在第五届汉语演讲比赛中获得一等奖。
His mvie wn several awards at the film festival.
他的电影在电影节上赢得了几个奖项。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①（2020浙江7月）It is rewarding (reward) t try new things.
②The students have been wrking hard n their lessns and their effrts will be rewarded with success in the end.
（2）单句写作
③作为通过考试的奖励, 她从父母那儿得到了一辆新自行车。
As a reward fr passing the exam, she gt a new bike frm her parents.
4. rely n 依赖；依靠；信赖
The reward makes us much mre likely t cntinue the cycle, and the bad habit f relying n unhealthy snacks is frmed. 这种奖励使我们更有可能继续这一循环, 从而形成了依赖不健康零食的坏习惯。（教材P15）
典例翻译
①Farmers can rely n ducks t prtect their crps.
农民们可以依靠鸭子来保护庄稼。
②Yu may rely n it that she can achieve her ambitin.
你可以相信她能实现抱负。
③Trains are safe, reliable, cheap and best fr lng-distance jurneys.
火车安全可靠、费用低廉, 最适宜长途旅行。
归纳拓展
（1）依赖/依靠某人做某事 rely n sb./t d sth.
相信……；指望…… rely n it that...
（2）adj.可依靠的；可信赖的 reliable
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①We shuld rely n it that everything will g well.
②（2019北京）Sme students dn’t have a reliable (rely) car, while thers have t share vehicles with parents wh wrk six days a week.
（2）单句写作
③你可以相信我会为你保守秘密。
Yu can rely n me t keep yur secret.
5. decide n 决定；选定Hwever, there is n “magic pill” r delete buttn that will help yu; yu have t think abut yur bad habits and decide n sme changes. 然而, 并没有“灵丹妙药”或删除按钮可以帮助你; 你必须思考你的坏习惯, 然后下定决心做出一些改变。（教材P15）
典例翻译
①In the end, he decided n spending his summer hliday by the sea.
最后，他决定在海边过暑假。
②If yu are determined t succeed, please grasp the pprtunity ffered by ur cmpany.
如果你决心要成功，请抓住我们公司提供的机会。
③They decided/determined t mve abrad and make a fresh start.
他们决定移居国外，开始新的生活。
④Jane has made a decisin t study abrad.
简已经决定要出国留学。
归纳拓展
决定/决心做某事的其他常用表达： be determined t d sth. ； decide/determine t d sth. ； make a decisin t d sth. ； make up ne’s mind t d sth. 。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①I dn’t want t make the wrng decisin (decide) and regret it later.
②At tday’s meeting, we are t discuss and decide n the mst effective apprach t the study f mathematics.
（2）完成句子
③Later Mrs Smith decided t buy/decided n buying/made a decisin t buy/determined t buy/was determined t buy/made up her mind t buy （决定买）this kind f clth because she was tld that the clth washed very well.
6. make up ne’s mind 下定决心
We need t make up ur minds and shw sme discipline, and make small changes ver time. 我们需要下定决心, 表现出一定的自制力, 并渐渐地作出一些小的改变。（教材P16）
典例翻译
①She made up her mind t pass dwn traditinal Beijing Opera.
她下定决心要将传统京剧传承下去。
②S stubbrn is the ld man that he wn’t change his mind whatever yu say.
这个老人很固执, 不管你说什么他都不会改变主意的。
③Remain true t ur riginal aspiratin and keep/bear ur missin firmly in mind.
不忘初心, 牢记使命。
④Suddenly a lgical thught came int my mind.
我突然有了一个合乎逻辑的想法。
归纳拓展
（1）下定决心做某事 make up ne’s mind t d sth.
（2）改变某人的主意 change ne’s mind （3）记住…… keep/bear sth. in mind
（4）突然想起 cme int/t ne’s mind
使想起bring sth. t mind
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①We made up ur mind t g (g) t the cuntry fr ur hliday.
（2）单句写作
②这张照片让我想起了我的密友。
The picture brught my clse friends t mind.
③要记住，安全总是在第一位的。
Always keep in mind that safety cmes first.
7. cmpse vt.&vi.组成；作曲；撰写
Life is cmpsed f many elements, such as family, friends, study, wrk, entertainment, and s n. 生活是由许多元素组成的, 如家庭、朋友、学习、工作、娱乐等。（教材P16）
典例翻译
①The China Greater Bay Area is cmpsed f/is made up f/cnsists f nine cities in Guangdng Prvince as well as Hng Kng and Maca.
中国大湾区由广东九市和香港、澳门组成。
②On a freezing day, the cmpser cmpsed a very beautiful piece f music.
在一个寒冷的日子里，这位作曲家创作了一首非常优美的曲子。
③The jurnals cntain accunts f literary cmpsitin.
这些期刊中有对文学创作的描述。
归纳拓展
（1）由……组成 be cmpsed f = cnsist f = be made up f
（2）n.作曲家；创作者 cmpser
（3）cmpsitin n.构成；作曲；创作
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①He is a famus cmpser f pp music and has cmpsed mre than 200 pieces f music already. (cmpse)
②This is my favrite meldy and it is ne f Beethven’s greatest cmpsitin (cmpse).
（2）一句多译
③这个委员会由十人组成。
The cmmittee is cmpsed f ten men .
= The cmmittee is made up f ten men .
= The cmmittee cnsists f ten men .
重点句型
1. as 引导时间状语从句
As teenagers grw up, they becme mre independent and start making their wn decisins. 青少年在成长过程中, 会变得更加独立并且开始自己作决定。（教材P14）
典例翻译
①As I waited fr the bus at the stp, I heard the news that the annual dragn bat race wuld be held the next mnth.
当我在车站等公交车的时候，我听到一则新闻——一年一度的赛龙舟比赛将在下个月举行。
②Her eyesight was failing as she grew lder.
她的视力随着年龄的增长而衰退。
③With time ging by, I develped a preference fr sprts.
随着时间的流逝，我开始喜欢运动。
归纳拓展
（1）as 引导时间状语从句时, 意为“ 当……时候；随着 ”，多强调主句和从句中的动作同时发生，从句可放在主句前也可放在主句后。
（2）随着时间的流逝 as time ges by/with time ging by
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①As the ppulatin increases (increase), mre land is needed.
②With the ppulatin increasing (increase), mre land is needed.
（2）句型转换
③We all have t accept that as we get lder, ur reactins slw dwn.
We all have t accept that with us getting lder, ur reactins slw dwn.
2. 状语从句的省略
These bad habits, if left unchecked, culd lead t mre serius nes when they becme adults. 如果放任不管, 这些坏习惯，在他们成年后会导致更为严重的有害习惯。（教材P14）
典例翻译
①When (she was) asked the meaning f “green with envy”, she smiled.
当被问到“柠檬精”的意思时，她笑了。
②Even if (I am) invited, I wn’t g t his birthday party.
即使被邀请了，我也不会去参加他的生日聚会。
③If (it is) necessary, I’ll cme tmrrw.
如果有必要，我明天会来。
归纳拓展
（1）在时间、地点、条件、方式和让步状语从句中, 如果主从句的主语一致，且从句的谓语动词还有 be 动词时，可以省略从句的主语和be 动词。
（2）当从句的主语是 it ，从句的谓语中又含有 be 动词时，可以省略从句中的it和be动词。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①The medicine is quite effective if taken (take) n time.
②（2020天津）Harriet Stwe, mther f six, wrte parts f Uncle Tm’s Cabin while cking (ck).
（2）完成句子
③ If pssible （如果可能）, I’ll learn t carve.
④It sunds like smething is wrng with the car’s engine. If s （如果这样）, we’d better take it t the garage immediately.
3. rather than连接两个并列成分
S, when we feel unhappy again (cue), rather than eat snacks, we culd listen t sme f ur favurite music instead (rutine), which will make us feel relaxed (reward). （教材P15）
所以，当我们再次感到不开心时（提示），与其吃零食, 不如听一些我们最喜欢的音乐（惯例），这会使我们感到放松（奖励）。
典例翻译
①He wuld rather die than give in.
他宁愿死也不愿投降。
②He decided t study further rather than wrk.
他决定继续深造而不是工作。
③It is what yu d rather than what yu say that matters.
重要的是你所做的，而不是你所说的。
④We will have the meeting in the classrm rather than in the hall.
我们是在教室开会，不是在大厅。
⑤Jhn, rather than his rmmates, is t blame.
是约翰，而不是他的室友, 应该受到责备。
归纳拓展
（1）rather than 与wuld 连用时，构成wuld rather... than... 结构，意为宁愿……而不愿…… ，表示主观愿望。
（2）rather than不与wuld连用时，表示客观事实，意为是……而不是…… ，连接两个并列成分，如名词、代词、形容词、不定式、动词-ing形式、介词短语、分句等。
（3）rather than 连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的成分在人称和数上保持一致，遵循就远原则。有相同用法的还有 as well as， tgether with，with等。
（4）rather than 连接两个不定式时，后一个常省略t，当rather than 位于句首时，后常跟不带t 的动词不定式。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①What we expect frm yu is wrking hard rather than hardly wrking (wrk).
②Rather than allw (allw) the vegetables t g bad, he sld them at half price.
（2）单句写作
③是你而不是我要去野营。
Yu rather than I are ging camping.
素养达标·迁移创新
Ⅰ. 语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1.The gvernment impsed a ban n tbacc （烟草） advertising.
2.A decisin made by a persn wh is under the influence f alchl （酒精） is generally nt very gd.
3.Thse wh lve animals hld the view that animal abuse （虐待） needs t be taken seriusly.
4.（2020江苏徐州期中）The center has a strng team which cnsists f tp medical experts in psychlgy （心理学）.
5.Take the escalatr （自动扶梯） t the third flr and the entry f the last ffice is n the left.
6.（2020浙江嘉兴一中月考）With children, it is imprtant t achieve the right balance between lve and discipline （纪律）.
7.The new airprt will facilitate （促进） the develpment f turism.
8.They appeared surprisingly pessimistic （悲观的）abut their chances f winning.
9.The crisis had a negative （消极的） effect n trade.
10.The actrs nt perfrming sit at the side f the stage in full view, waiting fr their cues （提示）.
Ⅱ. 语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
in respnse t; decide n; rely n; straight away; ver and ver again; make up ne’s mind; be cmpsed f; be invlved in; cme up with; aside frm
1. Aside frm being fun, swimming is an imprtant fitness activity.
2.On hearing the news, the dctr rushed t the disaster area straight away t treat the patients.
3.Yu may rely n it that he will cme t see yu.
4.We must decide n a fit place fr the meeting.
5.The manager has already cme up with a suitable slutin.
6.He cntributed ne hundred dllars t the charity in respnse t my request.
7.When taking a test, yu’d better check yur paper ver and ver again s that yu might reduce the mistakes.
8.Mved by the lvely children, he made up his mind t dnate mre mney t the hmeless.
9.I’m very afraid that yur sn may be invlved in the crime.
10.Water is cmpsed f hydrgen and xygen.
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空
With teenagers grwing up, 1. can be easy fr sme t frm bad habits. Fr example, sme f them may becme 2. (invlve) in tbacc r alchl abuse. If 3. (leave) unchecked, these bad habits culd lead t mre serius nes. T change harmful habits, teenagers must learn t understand hw habits wrk-the “habit cycle”. Then adapt the bad habit cycles by cmbining the infrmatin frm ur habit cycles 4. ur wn psitive ideas. Dn’t try t change bad habits quickly, fr the mst successful way t change is ver a perid f time. As the Chinese philspher La Zi 5. (write), “A jurney f a thusand miles begins with a single step.”6. (reach) the gal f change, a persn must shw sme discipline and 7. (repeat) take many small steps.
The gd news is 8. there is plenty f time fr yung peple t change bad habits. Hwever, there is n “magic pill” and yu have t think abut yur bad habits and decide n sme 9. (change). Yu have the pwer t build a happy and 10. (health) life that is full f gd habits!
1. it 2. invlved 3. left 4. with 5. wrte 6. T reach 7. repeatedly 8. that 9. changes 10. healthy 主题学习目标
通过本单元学习了解习惯是如何养成的，并且能意识到自身的不良习惯并积极加以改正，养成健康的生活方式。
语言能力目标
核心单词
tbacc, alchl, abuse, dminate, psychlgy, rely, facilitate, examine, negative, pessimistic, discipline, pill, cmpse, surgen, surgery, liberatin, shave, disturb, cigarette, specialist, cnsultant, drug, skip, dizzy, flu, stimulate, dentist, nut, skatebard, dynamic, bwling, cmedy, mnthly, enhance, refresh, absrb
重点词块
in respnse t , rely n , straight away , decide n , make up ne’s mind , be cmpsed f , shave ff , stressed ut , wrn ut
单元语法
动词不定式（短语）作主语
写作能力
根据本单元所学知识能够写一篇语言简洁、结构清晰的建议信。
教材原文
HABITS FOR A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
As teenagers grw up, they becme mre independent and start making their wn decisins. Hwever, during this perid, it can be easy fr sme f them t frm bad habits. These bad habits, if left unchecked, culd lead t mre serius nes when they becme adults. Fr example, sme f them may becme invlved in tbacc r alchlabuse, which can lead t physical and mental health prblems. T prevent harmful habits like these frm dminating a teenager’s life is essential. They must learn t recgnise bad habits early and make apprpriate changes.
T change bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts. There is a famus saying based n the philsphy f Aristtle: “We are what we repeatedly d.” In many ways, ur lifestyle is the sum f chices we have made. We make a chice t d smething, and then we repeat it ver and ver again. Sn that chice becmes autmatic and frms a habit that is much harder t change. The gd news is that we can change, if we understand hw habits wrk.
Accrding t mdern psychlgy, we must first learn abut the “habit cycle”, which wrks like this:
●Firstly, there is a “cue”, an actin, event, r situatin that acts as a signal t d smething.
●Secndly, there is a “rutine”, the regular actin yu take in respnse t the cue.
●Thirdly, there is the “reward”, the gd thing r feeling we get frm the rutine.
Fr example, when we feel unhappy (cue), we eat lts f unhealthy snacks (rutine), which makes us feel happy (reward). The reward makes us much mre likely t cntinue the cycle, and the bad habit f relying n unhealthy snacks is frmed.
T facilitate a psitive change in ur bad habits, we must first examine ur bad habit cycles and then try t adapt them. We can d this by cmbining the infrmatin frm ur habit cycles with ur wn psitive ideas. Fr example, we culd try t replace a negative rutine with smething mre psitive. S, when we feel unhappy again (cue), rather than eat snacks, we culd listen t sme f ur favurite music instead (rutine), which will make us feel relaxed (reward). Aside frm changing bad habits, we can als use the habit cycle t create gd habits. Fr example, when we cme t an escalatr (cue), ur nrmal rutine is t ride it, but we culd change this rutine int smething mre psitive by taking the stairs instead.
Many f us try t change bad habits quickly, and if we are nt successful straight away, we ften becme pessimistic and give up. In fact, the mst successful way t change is nt suddenly, but ver a perid f time. As the Chinese philspher La Zi wrte, “A jurney f a thusand miles begins with a single step.” One step seems small, but it is essential. T reach the gal f change, a persn must shw sme discipline and repeatedly take many small steps. After all, it is nt easy t break bad habits.
Fr yung peple, there is plenty f time t change bad habits. Hwever, there is n “magic pill” r delete buttn that will help yu; yu have t think abut yur bad habits and decide n sme changes. Yu have the pwer t build a happy and healthy life full f gd habits!
教材译文
健康的生活方式需养成的习惯
青少年在成长过程中，会变得更加独立并且开始自己作决定。不过, 他们中的一些人在这期间容易养成坏习惯。如果放任不管，这些坏习惯，在他们成年后会导致更为严重的有害习惯。例如，有些青少年可能会吸烟成瘾或酗酒, 造成生理和心理健康问题。防止此类的有害习惯主宰青少年的生活是至关重要的。他们必须学会及早发现坏习惯，并做出适当的改变。
改变坏习惯并非易事，即使三番五次地尝试。有一条基于亚里士多德哲学思想的名言：“重复的行为造就了我们。”在很多方面, 我们的生活方式是我们做出的选择的总和。我们选择做某事, 然后一遍又一遍地重复。很快，这种选择就变成了无意识的行为，并会发展成一种更加难以改变的习惯。好消息是如果我们了解习惯是如何运作的，我们就能做出改变。
根据现代心理学, 首先我们必须了解“习惯环”。它的运作原理如下：
●首先，有“提示”，即一个动作、事件或情况作为做某事的信号。
●其次, 形成“惯例”，即你响应提示采取的有规律的行动。
●第三，有“奖励”，即我们从惯例中得到的好处或感觉。
例如，当我们不开心时（提示），我们会吃很多不健康的零食（惯例），这会让我们感到快乐（奖励）。这种奖励使我们更有可能继续这一循环, 从而形成了依赖不健康零食的坏习惯。
为了促使我们坏习惯的积极改变，我们首先必须审视我们的坏习惯环，然后尝试去改变它们。通过将习惯环中的信息与我们自己的积极想法相结合，我们就可以改变这些习惯。例如, 我们可以试着用更积极的东西来取代消极惯例。所以, 当我们再次感到不开心时（提示），与其吃零食，不如听一些我们最喜欢的音乐（惯例），这会使我们感到放松（奖励）。除了改变坏习惯，我们也可以用习惯环来创造好习惯。例如，当我们遇到自动扶梯（提示）时，我们通常的做法是乘坐它，但我们可以通过爬楼梯来改变这种惯例，让它变成积极的事情。
我们中有许多人试图快速改变坏习惯, 如果不能马上成功，我们往往会变得悲观并放弃。事实上, 最成功的改变不是一蹴而就的, 而是需要花费一段时间的。正如中国哲学家老子所说：“千里之行, 始于足下。”一步看似微小，却至关重要。为了达到改变的目的，一个人必须表现出一定的自制力，并不断小步前进。毕竟，改掉坏习惯并非易事。
对于年轻人来说，他们有足够的时间来改变坏习惯。然而，并没有“灵丹妙药”或删除按钮可以帮助你；你必须思考你的坏习惯，然后下定决心做出一些改变。你有能力打造一个充满良好习惯、快乐而又健康的生活！
句型公式
状语从句的省略
教材原句
These bad habits, if left unchecked, culd lead t mre serius nes when they becme adults. 如果放任不管, 这些坏习惯, 在他们成年后会导致更为严重的有害习惯。
中文例句
当你朝着你的目标努力时, 你要和积极乐观的人待在一起。
句式仿写
Stay with psitive peple while wrking twards yur gals.
句型公式
不定式作主语
教材原句
T prevent harmful habits like these frm dminating a teenager’s life is essential. 防止此类的有害习惯主宰青少年的生活是至关重要的。
中文例句
十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。
句式仿写
T finish the wrk within ten minutes is very hard.
句型公式
much/a lt+形容词比较级
教材原句
Sn that chice becmes autmatic and frms a habit that is much harder t change. 很快, 这种选择就变成了无意识的行为, 并会发展成一种更加难以改变的习惯。
中文例句
现在我感觉自信多了。
句式仿写
Nw, I feel much mre cnfident.
Main idea
Reasns
Part 1 (para.1)
Why bad habits shuld be changed.
Bad habits can lead t 1. physical and 2. mental health prblems.
Part 2(para. 2—para. 4)
Hw habits 3. are frmed .
●Para. 2: Hw a chice can 4. lead t a habit.
●Para. 3: Hw the “habit cycle”5. wrks and an example abut it.
●Para. 4: Hw t 6. change bad habits and 7. create gd nes.
Part 3(para. 5—para. 6)
Habits shuld be changed gradually.
Para. 5: Breaking bad habits is nt easy. Para. 6: There are n 8. shrtcuts t changing bad habits.
reward
作名词时，多指对某人工作的回报、报酬；作动词时，表示“奖励; 给以报酬”
prize
多指在比赛、竞赛或抽奖中得的奖
award
作名词时，多指官方颁发的奖品、奖项
背景导学
“Can I get a light?” This is the cmmnest questin amng smkers. What if this questin is t cme frm an unusual surce? The Natinal Health Prmtin Fundatin upladed （上传） an anti-smking advertisement. The anti-smking ad has quickly been knwn as “the mst pwerful anti-smking ad”.
The anti-smking vide, called “Smking Kid”, features children walking up t adult smkers and asking fr a light. The children in the ad are actrs but the smking adults are unsuspecting participants in the prject.
The vide begins with the statement“Adults knw that smking is harmful, but dn’t remind themselves f this fact”. Once a “smking kid” appraches the adults, every adult asked is shcked that the child with a cigarette in his hand is asking fr a light. The first adult starts by saying, “I’m nt giving it t yu.” Then the vide ges n t state “Every adult filmed said n and reminded the children that smking is bad”.
Befre ging away, the kid hands each adult a bklet after being turned dwn fr a light. The bklet says, “Yu wrry abut me, but why nt abut yurself?” The adults lk arund fr the child as their faces are filled with cnfusin and discmfrt. The vide shws that a few f the smkers quickly threw away their cigarettes r put them away, shwing that this experiment was effective at that mment. The mst influential element in the ad isn’t the use f children r the respnses frm the smking adults. It cmes dwn t smething much simpler than that. Why is it that we wrry abut ther peple, frgetting t wrry abut urselves?
1.What was the adults’ reactin t the children asking fr a light?
A. They lked arund fr the children’s parents.B. They paid n attentin t the children’s request.
C. They quickly threw the children’s cigarettes away.D. They rejected the children’s request and educated them.
答案：D
2.Accrding t the last but ne paragraph, the anti-smking ad is .
A. unusual B. shcking C. influential D. encuraging
答案：C
3.Which culd be the best title f the text?
A. Give up smking fr yur healthB. Keep away frm smking, adults
C. Tell yur children nt t smkeD. Reject a child asking fr a light
答案：A
Sectin Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
自主学习·激发潜能
Ⅰ. 课文翻译
Ⅱ. 词汇拓展
1. independent /ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/ adj. 独立的；自主的；自治的→ independently /ˌɪndɪˈpendəntli/ adv. 独立地；自立地→ independence /ˌɪndɪˈpendəns/ n. 独立→ dependent /dɪˈpendənt/adj. 依赖的；依靠的
2. dminate /'dɒmɪneɪt/ vt. &vi. 支配；控制；占有优势→ dminatin /ˌdɒmɪ'neɪʃn/ n. 支配；控制
3. repeatedly /rɪˈpiːtɪdli/ adv. 重复地→ repeat /rɪˈpiːt/ v. 重复→ repeated /rɪˈpiːtɪd/ adj. 重复的
4. psychlgy /saɪˈkɒlədʒi/ n. 心理学；心理；心理影响→ psychlgical /ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ adj.心理的→ psychlgically /ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪkəli/ adv. 心理上地；精神上地→ psychlgist /saɪˈkɒlədʒɪst/ n.心理学家
5. rely /rɪˈlaɪ/ vi.依赖；依靠；信赖→ reliable /rɪˈlaɪəbl/ adj. 可信赖的；可依靠的
6. examine /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/ vt.（仔细）检查；审查；测验→ examinatin /ɪɡˌzæmɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 检查；审查；考试
Ⅲ. 情境词块
1.becme invlved in 参与; 作为一部分
2.make a chice 做选择
3.prevent…frm ding sth. 阻止……做某事
4.act as 充当; 起作用
5.rely n 依赖; 依靠; 信赖
6.aside frm 除……之外
7.回答; 答复 in respnse t
8.而不是 rather than
9.立即; 马上 straight away
10.决定; 选定 decide n
Ⅳ. 情境佳句
1.
2.
3.
文本互动·合作探究
Ⅰ. 文本理解
1.Reading fr the main idea.
What’s the main idea f the text?
A.Hw the “habit cycle” wrks.
B.Why bad habits shuld be changed.
C.Frming gd habits fr a healthy lifestyle is beneficial t a teenager’s life.
D.There are n shrtcuts t changing bad habits.
答案： C
2.Reading fr the structure.
Fill in the fllwing blanks with prper wrds.
Reading fr the details.
1.Hw can a teenager prevent bad habits frm ruling his r her life?
A.By leaving them unchecked.
B.By being aware f bad habits and making prper changes.
C.By being mre independent.
D.By talking t their parents and teachers.
答案： B
2.Why des the authr qute Aristtle’s wrds?
A.T shw changing bad habits is never easy.
B.T imply that we always d useless things.
C.T tell us t make preparatins in advance.
D.T tell us nly we urselves can dminate ur life.
答案： A
3.Which f the fllwing is cnsidered as the “reward”?
A.Yu decide t brrw tw bks frm the city library.
B.Yu take a walk arund the schl in the mrning.
C.Yu are willing t vlunteer in yur cmmunity this weekend.
D.Yu find yurself excited after a talk with yur friend.
答案： D
4.What is the authr’s attitude t changing bad habits?
答案：C
Ⅱ. 难句突破
1.The gd news is that we can change, if we understand hw habits wrk.
【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。其中that we can change为that引导的表语从句 , if we understand…为if引导的条件状语从句 , hw habits wrk为hw引导的宾语从句。【译文】好消息是如果我们了解习惯是如何运作的, 我们就能做出改变。
2.S, when we feel unhappy again (cue), rather than eat snacks, we culd listen t sme f ur favurite music instead (rutine), which will make us feel relaxed (reward).
【分析】本句是一个主从复合句。when we feel unhappy again为when引导的时间状语从句, which will make us feel relaxed为which引导的非限制性定语从句 , 修饰整个主句的内容。
【译文】所以, 当我们再次感到不开心时(提示), 与其吃零食, 不如听一些我们最喜欢的音乐(惯例), 这会使我们感到放松(奖励)。
Ⅲ. 概要写作
Step 1 Questin Answering
根据课文内容回答下列问题。
1.What kind f bad habits d teenagers usually frm?
Teenagers tend t frm bad habits like tbacc r alchl abuse.
2.What damage can these bad habits d t teenagers?
They can lead t physical and mental prblems.
3.What shuld teenagers d t prevent these bad habits frm dminating their life?
T prevent these bad habits frm dminating their life, they have t learn t recgnize them and make prper changes.
4.What can help them t change?
Understanding the “habit cycles” can help.
5.What shuld we d t change a bad habit?
We need t examine ur bad habit cycles and change them.
6.Can we change the bad habits suddenly?
We can’t change the bad habits suddenly but need t shw sme discipline.
Step 2 Sentence Rewriting
1.用定语从句合并第1、2句。
Teenagers tend t frm bad habits like tbacc r alchl abuse, which can lead t physical and mental prblems.
2.用becme aware f改写第3句。
T prevent these bad habits frm dminating their life, they have t becme aware f them and make prper changes.
3.用含主语从句的复合句改写第5句。
What we need t d is examine ur bad habit cycles and change them.
4.用get rid f和all f a sudden改写第6句。
We can’t get rid f the bad habits all f a sudden but need t shw sme discipline.
Step 3 Summary Writing
1.将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的文章概要。
Teenagers tend t frm bad habits like tbacc r alchl abuse, which can lead t physical and mental prblems. T prevent these bad habits frm dminating their life, they have t becme aware f them and make prper changes. Much t ur delight, understanding the “habit cycles” can help. What we need t d is examine ur bad habit cycles and change them. Hwever, we can’t get rid f the bad habits all f a sudden but need t shw sme discipline.
新知清障·素养构建
核心词汇
1. abuse n.滥用；虐待；辱骂vt.滥用；虐待；辱骂
Fr example, sme f them may becme invlved in tbacc r alchl abuse, which can lead t physical and mental health prblems. 例如, 有些青少年会吸烟成瘾或酗酒, 造成生理和心理健康问题。（教材P14）
典例翻译
①The case has brught the prblem f child abuse int fcus.
这个案子已使虐待儿童成为了焦点问题。
②Much f the crime in this area is related t drug abuse.
这一地区的许多犯罪都与吸毒有关。
③Gvernment fficials shuldn’t abuse their pwers.
政府官员不应该滥用职权。
④It is said that the jurnalists, wh cvered the case last week, have been threatened and abused.
据说，上周报道这个事件的记者遭到了恐吓和辱骂。
归纳拓展
（1）虐待儿童 child abuse
酗酒/嗜毒 alchl/drug abuse
（2）滥用职权 abuse ne’s pwer
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①He came t the help f anther driver wh was being racially abused (abuse) by three white passengers.
（2）完成句子
②It is said that drug and alchl abuse （嗜毒和酗酒） cntributed t Brian’s early death.
③He was accused f abusing his wife （虐待妻子） last week.
2. in respnse t 回答；答复
Secndly, there is a “rutine”, the regular actin yu take in respnse t the cue. 其次，形成“惯例”，即你响应提示采取的有规律的行动。（教材P14）
典例翻译
①With the help f his teammate, the peratr made a quick respnse t the event.
在他的队友的帮助下, 这个操作员对事件作出了快速的反应。
②They made n respnse t ur call fr help, which disappinted us.
他们没有回应我们的求助，这让我们很失望。
③During the utbreak f the nvel crnavirus pneumnia disease, China rse up t the challenge and respnded t it bravely.
在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情暴发期间，中国迎难而上, 勇敢应对此次挑战。
归纳拓展
（1）对……作出回应 make a respnse t/in respnse t
没有回应 make n respnse
（2）v.回答；作出反应 respnd
回答; 对……作出回应 respnd t
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①Knwing basic first-aid techniques will help yu respnd quickly t emergencies.
（2）完成句子
那个画家至今没有对这个问题作出回应。
②S far, the artist has nt respnded t the questin. (respnd)
③S far, the artist has made n respnse t the questin. (respnse)
④S far, the artist has dne nthing in respnse t the questin. (respnse)
3. reward n.回报；奖励；报酬vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬
Thirdly, there is the “reward”, the gd thing r feeling we get frm the rutine. 第三, 有“奖励”，即我们从惯例中得到的好处或感觉。（教材P14）
典例翻译
①The bss rewarded him with a trip t China fr his cntributins.
因为他的贡献, 老板奖励他一次中国之旅。
②The sldier received a medal in reward fr his bravery in fighting the frest fire that brke ut in Liangshan, Sichuan Prvince.
这名战士因在爆发于四川凉山的森林大火中的英勇表现而获得了一枚奖章。
③The cmpany gave/ffered a reward t him fr his psitive attitude.
公司因他积极的态度给予了他奖励。
④There is really nthing mre rewarding in the wrld than helping thers live a happy life.
世界上真的没有什么事情比帮助别人过上幸福的生活更值得做了。
归纳拓展
（1）因(做)某事用某物奖励某人 reward sb. with sth. fr (ding) sth.
（2）作为（对……的）回报 in reward (fr) a reward (fr)...
为某事而给某人奖励 give/ffer a reward t sb. fr sth.
（3）adj.有益的; 值得做的 rewarding
易错辨析
A ＄100 reward has been ffered fr the return f the necklace. 已悬赏100美元寻找这条项链。
The Scttish girl with blue eyes wn first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech cntest.
这位蓝眼睛的苏格兰女孩在第五届汉语演讲比赛中获得一等奖。
His mvie wn several awards at the film festival.
他的电影在电影节上赢得了几个奖项。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①（2020浙江7月）It is rewarding (reward) t try new things.
②The students have been wrking hard n their lessns and their effrts will be rewarded with success in the end.
（2）单句写作
③作为通过考试的奖励, 她从父母那儿得到了一辆新自行车。
As a reward fr passing the exam, she gt a new bike frm her parents.
4. rely n 依赖；依靠；信赖
The reward makes us much mre likely t cntinue the cycle, and the bad habit f relying n unhealthy snacks is frmed. 这种奖励使我们更有可能继续这一循环, 从而形成了依赖不健康零食的坏习惯。（教材P15）
典例翻译
①Farmers can rely n ducks t prtect their crps.
农民们可以依靠鸭子来保护庄稼。
②Yu may rely n it that she can achieve her ambitin.
你可以相信她能实现抱负。
③Trains are safe, reliable, cheap and best fr lng-distance jurneys.
火车安全可靠、费用低廉, 最适宜长途旅行。
归纳拓展
（1）依赖/依靠某人做某事 rely n sb./t d sth.
相信……；指望…… rely n it that...
（2）adj.可依靠的；可信赖的 reliable
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①We shuld rely n it that everything will g well.
②（2019北京）Sme students dn’t have a reliable (rely) car, while thers have t share vehicles with parents wh wrk six days a week.
（2）单句写作
③你可以相信我会为你保守秘密。
Yu can rely n me t keep yur secret.
5. decide n 决定；选定Hwever, there is n “magic pill” r delete buttn that will help yu; yu have t think abut yur bad habits and decide n sme changes. 然而, 并没有“灵丹妙药”或删除按钮可以帮助你; 你必须思考你的坏习惯, 然后下定决心做出一些改变。（教材P15）
典例翻译
①In the end, he decided n spending his summer hliday by the sea.
最后，他决定在海边过暑假。
②If yu are determined t succeed, please grasp the pprtunity ffered by ur cmpany.
如果你决心要成功，请抓住我们公司提供的机会。
③They decided/determined t mve abrad and make a fresh start.
他们决定移居国外，开始新的生活。
④Jane has made a decisin t study abrad.
简已经决定要出国留学。
归纳拓展
决定/决心做某事的其他常用表达： be determined t d sth. ； decide/determine t d sth. ； make a decisin t d sth. ； make up ne’s mind t d sth. 。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①I dn’t want t make the wrng decisin (decide) and regret it later.
②At tday’s meeting, we are t discuss and decide n the mst effective apprach t the study f mathematics.
（2）完成句子
③Later Mrs Smith decided t buy/decided n buying/made a decisin t buy/determined t buy/was determined t buy/made up her mind t buy （决定买）this kind f clth because she was tld that the clth washed very well.
6. make up ne’s mind 下定决心
We need t make up ur minds and shw sme discipline, and make small changes ver time. 我们需要下定决心, 表现出一定的自制力, 并渐渐地作出一些小的改变。（教材P16）
典例翻译
①She made up her mind t pass dwn traditinal Beijing Opera.
她下定决心要将传统京剧传承下去。
②S stubbrn is the ld man that he wn’t change his mind whatever yu say.
这个老人很固执, 不管你说什么他都不会改变主意的。
③Remain true t ur riginal aspiratin and keep/bear ur missin firmly in mind.
不忘初心, 牢记使命。
④Suddenly a lgical thught came int my mind.
我突然有了一个合乎逻辑的想法。
归纳拓展
（1）下定决心做某事 make up ne’s mind t d sth.
（2）改变某人的主意 change ne’s mind （3）记住…… keep/bear sth. in mind
（4）突然想起 cme int/t ne’s mind
使想起bring sth. t mind
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①We made up ur mind t g (g) t the cuntry fr ur hliday.
（2）单句写作
②这张照片让我想起了我的密友。
The picture brught my clse friends t mind.
③要记住，安全总是在第一位的。
Always keep in mind that safety cmes first.
7. cmpse vt.&vi.组成；作曲；撰写
Life is cmpsed f many elements, such as family, friends, study, wrk, entertainment, and s n. 生活是由许多元素组成的, 如家庭、朋友、学习、工作、娱乐等。（教材P16）
典例翻译
①The China Greater Bay Area is cmpsed f/is made up f/cnsists f nine cities in Guangdng Prvince as well as Hng Kng and Maca.
中国大湾区由广东九市和香港、澳门组成。
②On a freezing day, the cmpser cmpsed a very beautiful piece f music.
在一个寒冷的日子里，这位作曲家创作了一首非常优美的曲子。
③The jurnals cntain accunts f literary cmpsitin.
这些期刊中有对文学创作的描述。
归纳拓展
（1）由……组成 be cmpsed f = cnsist f = be made up f
（2）n.作曲家；创作者 cmpser
（3）cmpsitin n.构成；作曲；创作
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①He is a famus cmpser f pp music and has cmpsed mre than 200 pieces f music already. (cmpse)
②This is my favrite meldy and it is ne f Beethven’s greatest cmpsitin (cmpse).
（2）一句多译
③这个委员会由十人组成。
The cmmittee is cmpsed f ten men .
= The cmmittee is made up f ten men .
= The cmmittee cnsists f ten men .
重点句型
1. as 引导时间状语从句
As teenagers grw up, they becme mre independent and start making their wn decisins. 青少年在成长过程中, 会变得更加独立并且开始自己作决定。（教材P14）
典例翻译
①As I waited fr the bus at the stp, I heard the news that the annual dragn bat race wuld be held the next mnth.
当我在车站等公交车的时候，我听到一则新闻——一年一度的赛龙舟比赛将在下个月举行。
②Her eyesight was failing as she grew lder.
她的视力随着年龄的增长而衰退。
③With time ging by, I develped a preference fr sprts.
随着时间的流逝，我开始喜欢运动。
归纳拓展
（1）as 引导时间状语从句时, 意为“ 当……时候；随着 ”，多强调主句和从句中的动作同时发生，从句可放在主句前也可放在主句后。
（2）随着时间的流逝 as time ges by/with time ging by
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①As the ppulatin increases (increase), mre land is needed.
②With the ppulatin increasing (increase), mre land is needed.
（2）句型转换
③We all have t accept that as we get lder, ur reactins slw dwn.
We all have t accept that with us getting lder, ur reactins slw dwn.
2. 状语从句的省略
These bad habits, if left unchecked, culd lead t mre serius nes when they becme adults. 如果放任不管, 这些坏习惯，在他们成年后会导致更为严重的有害习惯。（教材P14）
典例翻译
①When (she was) asked the meaning f “green with envy”, she smiled.
当被问到“柠檬精”的意思时，她笑了。
②Even if (I am) invited, I wn’t g t his birthday party.
即使被邀请了，我也不会去参加他的生日聚会。
③If (it is) necessary, I’ll cme tmrrw.
如果有必要，我明天会来。
归纳拓展
（1）在时间、地点、条件、方式和让步状语从句中, 如果主从句的主语一致，且从句的谓语动词还有 be 动词时，可以省略从句的主语和be 动词。
（2）当从句的主语是 it ，从句的谓语中又含有 be 动词时，可以省略从句中的it和be动词。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①The medicine is quite effective if taken (take) n time.
②（2020天津）Harriet Stwe, mther f six, wrte parts f Uncle Tm’s Cabin while cking (ck).
（2）完成句子
③ If pssible （如果可能）, I’ll learn t carve.
④It sunds like smething is wrng with the car’s engine. If s （如果这样）, we’d better take it t the garage immediately.
3. rather than连接两个并列成分
S, when we feel unhappy again (cue), rather than eat snacks, we culd listen t sme f ur favurite music instead (rutine), which will make us feel relaxed (reward). （教材P15）
所以，当我们再次感到不开心时（提示），与其吃零食, 不如听一些我们最喜欢的音乐（惯例），这会使我们感到放松（奖励）。
典例翻译
①He wuld rather die than give in.
他宁愿死也不愿投降。
②He decided t study further rather than wrk.
他决定继续深造而不是工作。
③It is what yu d rather than what yu say that matters.
重要的是你所做的，而不是你所说的。
④We will have the meeting in the classrm rather than in the hall.
我们是在教室开会，不是在大厅。
⑤Jhn, rather than his rmmates, is t blame.
是约翰，而不是他的室友, 应该受到责备。
归纳拓展
（1）rather than 与wuld 连用时，构成wuld rather... than... 结构，意为宁愿……而不愿…… ，表示主观愿望。
（2）rather than不与wuld连用时，表示客观事实，意为是……而不是…… ，连接两个并列成分，如名词、代词、形容词、不定式、动词-ing形式、介词短语、分句等。
（3）rather than 连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的成分在人称和数上保持一致，遵循就远原则。有相同用法的还有 as well as， tgether with，with等。
（4）rather than 连接两个不定式时，后一个常省略t，当rather than 位于句首时，后常跟不带t 的动词不定式。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①What we expect frm yu is wrking hard rather than hardly wrking (wrk).
②Rather than allw (allw) the vegetables t g bad, he sld them at half price.
（2）单句写作
③是你而不是我要去野营。
Yu rather than I are ging camping.
素养达标·迁移创新
Ⅰ. 语境填词
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1.The gvernment impsed a ban n tbacc （烟草） advertising.
2.A decisin made by a persn wh is under the influence f alchl （酒精） is generally nt very gd.
3.Thse wh lve animals hld the view that animal abuse （虐待） needs t be taken seriusly.
4.（2020江苏徐州期中）The center has a strng team which cnsists f tp medical experts in psychlgy （心理学）.
5.Take the escalatr （自动扶梯） t the third flr and the entry f the last ffice is n the left.
6.（2020浙江嘉兴一中月考）With children, it is imprtant t achieve the right balance between lve and discipline （纪律）.
7.The new airprt will facilitate （促进） the develpment f turism.
8.They appeared surprisingly pessimistic （悲观的）abut their chances f winning.
9.The crisis had a negative （消极的） effect n trade.
10.The actrs nt perfrming sit at the side f the stage in full view, waiting fr their cues （提示）.
Ⅱ. 语境选词
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。
in respnse t; decide n; rely n; straight away; ver and ver again; make up ne’s mind; be cmpsed f; be invlved in; cme up with; aside frm
1. Aside frm being fun, swimming is an imprtant fitness activity.
2.On hearing the news, the dctr rushed t the disaster area straight away t treat the patients.
3.Yu may rely n it that he will cme t see yu.
4.We must decide n a fit place fr the meeting.
5.The manager has already cme up with a suitable slutin.
6.He cntributed ne hundred dllars t the charity in respnse t my request.
7.When taking a test, yu’d better check yur paper ver and ver again s that yu might reduce the mistakes.
8.Mved by the lvely children, he made up his mind t dnate mre mney t the hmeless.
9.I’m very afraid that yur sn may be invlved in the crime.
10.Water is cmpsed f hydrgen and xygen.
Ⅲ. 课文语法填空
With teenagers grwing up, 1. can be easy fr sme t frm bad habits. Fr example, sme f them may becme 2. (invlve) in tbacc r alchl abuse. If 3. (leave) unchecked, these bad habits culd lead t mre serius nes. T change harmful habits, teenagers must learn t understand hw habits wrk-the “habit cycle”. Then adapt the bad habit cycles by cmbining the infrmatin frm ur habit cycles 4. ur wn psitive ideas. Dn’t try t change bad habits quickly, fr the mst successful way t change is ver a perid f time. As the Chinese philspher La Zi 5. (write), “A jurney f a thusand miles begins with a single step.”6. (reach) the gal f change, a persn must shw sme discipline and 7. (repeat) take many small steps.
The gd news is 8. there is plenty f time fr yung peple t change bad habits. Hwever, there is n “magic pill” and yu have t think abut yur bad habits and decide n sme 9. (change). Yu have the pwer t build a happy and 10. (health) life that is full f gd habits!
1. it 2. invlved 3. left 4. with 5. wrte 6. T reach 7. repeatedly 8. that 9. changes 10. healthy 主题学习目标
通过本单元学习了解习惯是如何养成的，并且能意识到自身的不良习惯并积极加以改正，养成健康的生活方式。
语言能力目标
核心单词
tbacc, alchl, abuse, dminate, psychlgy, rely, facilitate, examine, negative, pessimistic, discipline, pill, cmpse, surgen, surgery, liberatin, shave, disturb, cigarette, specialist, cnsultant, drug, skip, dizzy, flu, stimulate, dentist, nut, skatebard, dynamic, bwling, cmedy, mnthly, enhance, refresh, absrb
重点词块
in respnse t , rely n , straight away , decide n , make up ne’s mind , be cmpsed f , shave ff , stressed ut , wrn ut
单元语法
动词不定式（短语）作主语
写作能力
根据本单元所学知识能够写一篇语言简洁、结构清晰的建议信。
教材原文
HABITS FOR A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
As teenagers grw up, they becme mre independent and start making their wn decisins. Hwever, during this perid, it can be easy fr sme f them t frm bad habits. These bad habits, if left unchecked, culd lead t mre serius nes when they becme adults. Fr example, sme f them may becme invlved in tbacc r alchlabuse, which can lead t physical and mental health prblems. T prevent harmful habits like these frm dminating a teenager’s life is essential. They must learn t recgnise bad habits early and make apprpriate changes.
T change bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts. There is a famus saying based n the philsphy f Aristtle: “We are what we repeatedly d.” In many ways, ur lifestyle is the sum f chices we have made. We make a chice t d smething, and then we repeat it ver and ver again. Sn that chice becmes autmatic and frms a habit that is much harder t change. The gd news is that we can change, if we understand hw habits wrk.
Accrding t mdern psychlgy, we must first learn abut the “habit cycle”, which wrks like this:
●Firstly, there is a “cue”, an actin, event, r situatin that acts as a signal t d smething.
●Secndly, there is a “rutine”, the regular actin yu take in respnse t the cue.
●Thirdly, there is the “reward”, the gd thing r feeling we get frm the rutine.
Fr example, when we feel unhappy (cue), we eat lts f unhealthy snacks (rutine), which makes us feel happy (reward). The reward makes us much mre likely t cntinue the cycle, and the bad habit f relying n unhealthy snacks is frmed.
T facilitate a psitive change in ur bad habits, we must first examine ur bad habit cycles and then try t adapt them. We can d this by cmbining the infrmatin frm ur habit cycles with ur wn psitive ideas. Fr example, we culd try t replace a negative rutine with smething mre psitive. S, when we feel unhappy again (cue), rather than eat snacks, we culd listen t sme f ur favurite music instead (rutine), which will make us feel relaxed (reward). Aside frm changing bad habits, we can als use the habit cycle t create gd habits. Fr example, when we cme t an escalatr (cue), ur nrmal rutine is t ride it, but we culd change this rutine int smething mre psitive by taking the stairs instead.
Many f us try t change bad habits quickly, and if we are nt successful straight away, we ften becme pessimistic and give up. In fact, the mst successful way t change is nt suddenly, but ver a perid f time. As the Chinese philspher La Zi wrte, “A jurney f a thusand miles begins with a single step.” One step seems small, but it is essential. T reach the gal f change, a persn must shw sme discipline and repeatedly take many small steps. After all, it is nt easy t break bad habits.
Fr yung peple, there is plenty f time t change bad habits. Hwever, there is n “magic pill” r delete buttn that will help yu; yu have t think abut yur bad habits and decide n sme changes. Yu have the pwer t build a happy and healthy life full f gd habits!
教材译文
健康的生活方式需养成的习惯
青少年在成长过程中，会变得更加独立并且开始自己作决定。不过, 他们中的一些人在这期间容易养成坏习惯。如果放任不管，这些坏习惯，在他们成年后会导致更为严重的有害习惯。例如，有些青少年可能会吸烟成瘾或酗酒, 造成生理和心理健康问题。防止此类的有害习惯主宰青少年的生活是至关重要的。他们必须学会及早发现坏习惯，并做出适当的改变。
改变坏习惯并非易事，即使三番五次地尝试。有一条基于亚里士多德哲学思想的名言：“重复的行为造就了我们。”在很多方面, 我们的生活方式是我们做出的选择的总和。我们选择做某事, 然后一遍又一遍地重复。很快，这种选择就变成了无意识的行为，并会发展成一种更加难以改变的习惯。好消息是如果我们了解习惯是如何运作的，我们就能做出改变。
根据现代心理学, 首先我们必须了解“习惯环”。它的运作原理如下：
●首先，有“提示”，即一个动作、事件或情况作为做某事的信号。
●其次, 形成“惯例”，即你响应提示采取的有规律的行动。
●第三，有“奖励”，即我们从惯例中得到的好处或感觉。
例如，当我们不开心时（提示），我们会吃很多不健康的零食（惯例），这会让我们感到快乐（奖励）。这种奖励使我们更有可能继续这一循环, 从而形成了依赖不健康零食的坏习惯。
为了促使我们坏习惯的积极改变，我们首先必须审视我们的坏习惯环，然后尝试去改变它们。通过将习惯环中的信息与我们自己的积极想法相结合，我们就可以改变这些习惯。例如, 我们可以试着用更积极的东西来取代消极惯例。所以, 当我们再次感到不开心时（提示），与其吃零食，不如听一些我们最喜欢的音乐（惯例），这会使我们感到放松（奖励）。除了改变坏习惯，我们也可以用习惯环来创造好习惯。例如，当我们遇到自动扶梯（提示）时，我们通常的做法是乘坐它，但我们可以通过爬楼梯来改变这种惯例，让它变成积极的事情。
我们中有许多人试图快速改变坏习惯, 如果不能马上成功，我们往往会变得悲观并放弃。事实上, 最成功的改变不是一蹴而就的, 而是需要花费一段时间的。正如中国哲学家老子所说：“千里之行, 始于足下。”一步看似微小，却至关重要。为了达到改变的目的，一个人必须表现出一定的自制力，并不断小步前进。毕竟，改掉坏习惯并非易事。
对于年轻人来说，他们有足够的时间来改变坏习惯。然而，并没有“灵丹妙药”或删除按钮可以帮助你；你必须思考你的坏习惯，然后下定决心做出一些改变。你有能力打造一个充满良好习惯、快乐而又健康的生活！
句型公式
状语从句的省略
教材原句
These bad habits, if left unchecked, culd lead t mre serius nes when they becme adults. 如果放任不管, 这些坏习惯, 在他们成年后会导致更为严重的有害习惯。
中文例句
当你朝着你的目标努力时, 你要和积极乐观的人待在一起。
句式仿写
Stay with psitive peple while wrking twards yur gals.
句型公式
不定式作主语
教材原句
T prevent harmful habits like these frm dminating a teenager’s life is essential. 防止此类的有害习惯主宰青少年的生活是至关重要的。
中文例句
十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。
句式仿写
T finish the wrk within ten minutes is very hard.
句型公式
much/a lt+形容词比较级
教材原句
Sn that chice becmes autmatic and frms a habit that is much harder t change. 很快, 这种选择就变成了无意识的行为, 并会发展成一种更加难以改变的习惯。
中文例句
现在我感觉自信多了。
句式仿写
Nw, I feel much mre cnfident.
Main idea
Reasns
Part 1 (para.1)
Why bad habits shuld be changed.
Bad habits can lead t 1. physical and 2. mental health prblems.
Part 2(para. 2—para. 4)
Hw habits 3. are frmed .
●Para. 2: Hw a chice can 4. lead t a habit.
●Para. 3: Hw the “habit cycle”5. wrks and an example abut it.
●Para. 4: Hw t 6. change bad habits and 7. create gd nes.
Part 3(para. 5—para. 6)
Habits shuld be changed gradually.
Para. 5: Breaking bad habits is nt easy. Para. 6: There are n 8. shrtcuts t changing bad habits.
reward
作名词时，多指对某人工作的回报、报酬；作动词时，表示“奖励; 给以报酬”
prize
多指在比赛、竞赛或抽奖中得的奖
award
作名词时，多指官方颁发的奖品、奖项
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