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高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle教学ppt课件
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这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle教学ppt课件，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了Ⅰ 课文翻译，Ⅱ 词汇拓展，dependent，dominate，repeatedly，psychology，rely，examine，Ⅲ 情境词块，参与 作为一部分等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1. ______________ /ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/ adj. 独立的；自主的；自治的→ ________________ /ˌɪndɪˈpendəntli/ adv. 独立地；自立地→ _______________ /ˌɪndɪˈpendəns/ n. 独立→ ____________ /dɪˈpendənt/adj. 依赖的；依靠的
independent
independently
independence
2. ___________ /'dɒmɪneɪt/ vt. & vi. 支配；控制；占有优势→ dminatin /ˌdɒmɪ'neɪʃn/ n. 支配；控制
3. _____________ /rɪˈpiːtɪdli/ adv. 重复地→ repeat /rɪˈpiːt/ v. 重复→ repeated /rɪˈpiːtɪd/ adj. 重复的
4. _____________ /saɪˈkɒlədʒi/ n. 心理学；心理；心理影响→ psychlgical /ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ adj. 心理的→ psychlgically /ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪkəli/ adv. 心理上地；精神上地→ psychlgist /saɪˈkɒlədʒɪst/ n. 心理学家
5. _______ /rɪˈlaɪ/ vi. 依赖；依靠；信赖→ reliable /rɪˈlaɪəbl/ adj. 可信赖的；可依靠的
6. __________ /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/ vt. （仔细）检查；审查；测验→ examinatin /ɪɡˌzæmɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 检查；审查；考试
1. becme invlved in ___________________
2. make a chice _________
3. prevent…frm ding sth. _________________
4. act as _______________
5. rely n ___________________
6. aside frm _____________
7. 回答; 答复 _________________
in respnse t
8. 而不是 ______________
rather than
9. 立即; 马上 ________________
straight away
10. 决定; 选定 ____________
Stay with psitive peple while wrking twards yur gals.
T finish the wrk within ten minutes is very hard.
Nw, I feel much mre cnfident.
1. Reading fr the main idea.What’s the main idea f the text?( )A. Hw the “habit cycle” wrks.B. Why bad habits shuld be changed.C. Frming gd habits fr a healthy lifestyle is beneficial t a teenager’s life.D. There are n shrtcuts t changing bad habits.
2. Reading fr the structure.Fill in the fllwing blanks with prper wrds.
Reading fr the details.
1. Hw can a teenager prevent bad habits frm ruling his r her life?( )A. By leaving them unchecked.B. By being aware f bad habits and making prper changes.C. By being mre independent.D. By talking t their parents and teachers.
2. Why des the authr qute Aristtle’s wrds?( )A. T shw changing bad habits is never easy.B. T imply that we always d useless things.C. T tell us t make preparatins in advance.D. T tell us nly we urselves can dminate ur life.
3. Which f the fllwing is cnsidered as the “reward”?( )A. Yu decide t brrw tw bks frm the city library.B. Yu take a walk arund the schl in the mrning.C. Yu are willing t vlunteer in yur cmmunity this weekend.D. Yu find yurself excited after a talk with yur friend.
4. What is the authr’s attitude t changing bad habits?( )A. Objective.B. Skeptical.C. Psitive.D. Pessimistic.
1. The gd news is that we can change, if we understand hw habits wrk.【分析】 本句是一个主从复合句。其中that we can change为that引导的 ___________ , if we understand…为if引导的 _______________ , hw habits wrk为hw引导的 ___________。【译文】 ___________________________________________________________
好消息是如果我们了解习惯是如何运作的, 我们就能做出改变。
2. S, when we feel unhappy again (cue), rather than eat snacks, we culd listen t sme f ur favurite music instead (rutine), which will make us feel relaxed (reward).【分析】 本句是一个主从复合句。when we feel unhappy again为when引导的 ___________ 从句, which will make us feel relaxed为which引导的 ___________________ , 修饰整个主句的内容。【译文】 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
所以, 当我们再次感到不开心时(提示), 与其吃零食, 不如听一些我们最喜欢的音乐(惯例), 这会使我们感到放松(奖励)。
Step 1 Questin Answering
根据课文内容回答下列问题。
1. What kind f bad habits d teenagers usually frm?___________________________________________________________________
Teenagers tend t frm bad habits like tbacc r alchl abuse.
2. What damage can these bad habits d t teenagers? _________________________________________________
They can lead t physical and mental prblems.
3. What shuld teenagers d t prevent these bad habits frm dminating their life? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
T prevent these bad habits frm dminating their life, they have t learn t recgnize them and make prper changes.
4. What can help them t change?_______________________________________________
Understanding the “habit cycles” can help.
5. What shuld we d t change a bad habit? ___________________________________________________________
We need t examine ur bad habit cycles and change them.
6. Can we change the bad habits suddenly? _____________________________________________________________________________
We can’t change the bad habits suddenly but need t shw sme discipline.
Step 2 Sentence Rewriting
1. 用定语从句合并第1、2句。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Teenagers tend t frm bad habits like tbacc r alchl abuse, which can lead t physical and mental prblems.
2. 用becme aware f改写第3句。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
T prevent these bad habits frm dminating their life, they have t becme aware f them and make prper changes.
3. 用含主语从句的复合句改写第5句。_____________________________________________________________________
What we need t d is examine ur bad habit cycles and change them.
4. 用get rid f和all f a sudden改写第6句。________________________________________________________________________________________
We can’t get rid f the bad habits all f a sudden but need t shw sme discipline.
Step 3 Summary Writing
1. 将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的文章概要。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Teenagers tend t frm bad habits like tbacc r alchl abuse, which can lead t physical
and mental prblems. T prevent these bad habits frm dminating their life, they have t becme aware f them and make prper changes. Much t ur delight, understanding the “habit cycles” can help. What we need t d is examine ur bad habit cycles and change them. Hwever, we can’t get rid f the bad habits all f a sudden but need t shw sme discipline.
1. abuse n. 滥用；虐待；辱骂 vt. 滥用；虐待；辱骂Fr example, sme f them may becme invlved in tbacc r alchl abuse, which can lead t physical and mental health prblems. 例如, 有些青少年会吸烟成瘾或酗酒, 造成生理和心理健康问题。（教材P14）
① The case has brught the prblem f child abuse int fcus. _______________________________________
这个案子已使虐待儿童成为了焦点问题。
② Much f the crime in this area is related t drug abuse. ___________________________________
这一地区的许多犯罪都与吸毒有关。
③ Gvernment fficials shuldn’t abuse their pwers. ___________________________
政府官员不应该滥用职权。
④ It is said that the jurnalists, wh cvered the case last week, have been threatened and abused. _________________________________________________
据说，上周报道这个事件的记者遭到了恐吓和辱骂。
（1）虐待儿童 ______________酗酒/嗜毒 _____________________（2）滥用职权 _____________________
child abuse
alchl/drug abuse
abuse ne’s pwer
① He came t the help f anther driver wh was being racially _________ (abuse) by three white passengers.
② It is said that _________________________ （嗜毒和酗酒） cntributed t Brian’s early death.
drug and alchl abuse
③ He was accused f ___________________（虐待妻子） last week.
abusing his wife
2. in respnse t 回答；答复Secndly, there is a “rutine”, the regular actin yu take in respnse t the cue. 其次，形成“惯例”，即你响应提示采取的有规律的行动。（教材P14）
① With the help f his teammate, the peratr made a quick respnse t the event._________________________________________________________
在他的队友的帮助下, 这个操作员对事件作出了快速的反应。
② They made n respnse t ur call fr help, which disappinted us. ___________________________________________
他们没有回应我们的求助，这让我们很失望。
③ During the utbreak f the nvel crnavirus pneumnia disease, China rse up t the challenge and respnded t it bravely.___________________________________________________________________
在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情暴发期间，中国迎难而上, 勇敢应对此次挑战。
（1）对……作出回应 ____________________________________ 没有回应 ___________________（2）v. 回答；作出反应 __________ 回答; 对……作出回应 _____________
make a respnse t/in respnse t
make n respnse
① Knwing basic first-aid techniques will help yu respnd quickly _____ emergencies.
（2） 完成句子那个画家至今没有对这个问题作出回应。
② S far, the artist _______________________ the questin. (respnd)
has nt respnded t
③ S far, the artist __________________________ the questin. (respnse)
has made n respnse t
④ S far, the artist has dne nthing _________________ the questin. (respnse)
3. reward n. 回报；奖励；报酬 vt. 奖励；奖赏；给以报酬Thirdly, there is the “reward”, the gd thing r feeling we get frm the rutine. 第三, 有“奖励”，即我们从惯例中得到的好处或感觉。（教材P14）
① The bss rewarded him with a trip t China fr his cntributins. _________________________________________
因为他的贡献, 老板奖励他一次中国之旅。
② The sldier received a medal in reward fr his bravery in fighting the frest fire that brke ut in Liangshan, Sichuan Prvince. ___________________________________________________________________
这名战士因在爆发于四川凉山的森林大火中的英勇表现而获得了一枚奖章。
③ The cmpany gave/ffered a reward t him fr his psitive attitude. ___________________________________
公司因他积极的态度给予了他奖励。
④ There is really nthing mre rewarding in the wrld than helping thers live a happy life. _____________________________________________________________
世界上真的没有什么事情比帮助别人过上幸福的生活更值得做了。
（1）因(做)某事用某物奖励某人 _______________________________________（2）作为（对……的）回报 __________________________________________为某事而给某人奖励 ______________________________________（3）adj. 有益的; 值得做的 ____________
reward sb. with sth. fr (ding) sth.
in reward (fr) a reward (fr)...
give/ffer a reward t sb. fr sth.
A ＄100 reward has been ffered fr the return f the necklace. 已悬赏100美元寻找这条项链。The Scttish girl with blue eyes wn first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech cntest.
这位蓝眼睛的苏格兰女孩在第五届汉语演讲比赛中获得一等奖。His mvie wn several awards at the film festival.他的电影在电影节上赢得了几个奖项。
① [2020浙江7月] It is ____________(reward) t try new things.
② The students have been wrking hard n their lessns and their effrts will be rewarded _______ success in the end.
③ 作为通过考试的奖励, 她从父母那儿得到了一辆新自行车。 _________________________________________________________________________
As a reward fr passing the exam, she gt a new bike frm her parents.
4. rely n 依赖；依靠；信赖The reward makes us much mre likely t cntinue the cycle, and the bad habit f relying n unhealthy snacks is frmed. 这种奖励使我们更有可能继续这一循环, 从而形成了依赖不健康零食的坏习惯。（教材P15）
① Farmers can rely n ducks t prtect their crps. _________________________________
农民们可以依靠鸭子来保护庄稼。
② Yu may rely n it that she can achieve her ambitin. ___________________________
你可以相信她能实现抱负。
③ Trains are safe, reliable, cheap and best fr lng-distance jurneys. ___________________________________________
火车安全可靠、费用低廉, 最适宜长途旅行。
（1）依赖/依靠某人做某事 _________________________相信……；指望…… _____________________（2）adj. 可依靠的；可信赖的 ___________
rely n sb./t d sth.
rely n it that...
① We shuld rely n _____ that everything will g well.
② [2019北京] Sme students dn’t have a ___________ (rely) car, while thers have t share vehicles with parents wh wrk six days a week.
③ 你可以相信我会为你保守秘密。__________________________________________
Yu can rely n me t keep yur secret.
5. decide n 决定；选定Hwever, there is n “magic pill” r delete buttn that will help yu; yu have t think abut yur bad habits and decide n sme changes. 然而, 并没有“灵丹妙药”或删除按钮可以帮助你; 你必须思考你的坏习惯, 然后下定决心做出一些改变。（教材P15）
① In the end, he decided n spending his summer hliday by the sea. _____________________________
最后，他决定在海边过暑假。
② If yu are determined t succeed, please grasp the pprtunity ffered by ur cmpany. _______________________________________________
如果你决心要成功，请抓住我们公司提供的机会。
③ They decided/determined t mve abrad and make a fresh start. ___________________________________
他们决定移居国外，开始新的生活。
④ Jane has made a decisin t study abrad. _________________________
简已经决定要出国留学。
决定/决心做某事的其他常用表达： ___________________________ ； ______________________________ ； _____________________________； _________________________________ 。
be determined t d sth.
decide/determine t d sth.
make a decisin t d sth.
make up ne’s mind t d sth.
① I dn’t want t make the wrng ___________ (decide) and regret it later.
② At tday’s meeting, we are t discuss and decide _____ the mst effective apprach t the study f mathematics.
③ Later Mrs Smith __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（决定买）this kind f clth because she was tld that the clth washed very well.
decided t buy/decided n buying/made a decisin t buy/determined t buy/was determined t buy/made up her mind t buy
6. make up ne’s mind 下定决心We need t make up ur minds and shw sme discipline, and make small changes ver time. 我们需要下定决心, 表现出一定的自制力, 并渐渐地作出一些小的改变。（教材P16）
① She made up her mind t pass dwn traditinal Beijing Opera. ___________________________________
她下定决心要将传统京剧传承下去。
② S stubbrn is the ld man that he wn’t change his mind whatever yu say. ___________________________________________________
这个老人很固执, 不管你说什么他都不会改变主意的。
③ Remain true t ur riginal aspiratin and keep/bear ur missin firmly in mind. _______________________
不忘初心, 牢记使命。
④ Suddenly a lgical thught came int my mind. _________________________________
我突然有了一个合乎逻辑的想法。
（1）下定决心做某事 _________________________________ （2）改变某人的主意 _____________________ （3）记住…… ____________________（4）突然想起 ___________________________ 使想起bring sth. t mind
change ne’s mind
cme int/t ne’s mind
keep/bear sth. in mind
① We made up ur mind ________ (g) t the cuntry fr ur hliday.
② 这张照片让我想起了我的密友。________________________________________________
The picture brught my clse friends t mind.
③ 要记住，安全总是在第一位的。_______________________________________________
Always keep in mind that safety cmes first.
7. cmpse vt. & vi. 组成；作曲；撰写Life is cmpsed f many elements, such as family, friends, study, wrk, entertainment, and s n. 生活是由许多元素组成的, 如家庭、朋友、学习、工作、娱乐等。（教材P16）
① The China Greater Bay Area is cmpsed f/is made up f/cnsists f nine cities in Guangdng Prvince as well as Hng Kng and Maca. _________________________________________
中国大湾区由广东九市和香港、澳门组成。
② On a freezing day, the cmpser cmpsed a very beautiful piece f music. ___________________________________________________________
在一个寒冷的日子里，这位作曲家创作了一首非常优美的曲子。
③ The jurnals cntain accunts f literary cmpsitin._________________________________
这些期刊中有对文学创作的描述。
（1）由……组成 _________________ = _____________ = ________________（2）n. 作曲家；创作者 ___________（3）cmpsitin n. 构成；作曲；创作
be cmpsed f
be made up f
① He is a famus ___________ f pp music and _______________ mre than 200 pieces f music already. (cmpse)
② This is my favrite meldy and it is ne f Beethven’s greatest ______________ (cmpse).
③ 这个委员会由十人组成。 _______________________________________ . = ______________________________________ . = ____________________________________ .
The cmmittee is cmpsed f ten men
The cmmittee is made up f ten men
The cmmittee cnsists f ten men
1. as 引导时间状语从句As teenagers grw up, they becme mre independent and start making their wn decisins. 青少年在成长过程中, 会变得更加独立并且开始自己作决定。（教材P14）
① As I waited fr the bus at the stp, I heard the news that the annual dragn bat race wuld be held the next mnth.___________________________________________________________________________________
当我在车站等公交车的时候，我听到一则新闻——一年一度的赛龙舟比赛将在下个月举行。
② Her eyesight was failing as she grew lder._________________________________
她的视力随着年龄的增长而衰退。
③ With time ging by, I develped a preference fr sprts.___________________________________
随着时间的流逝，我开始喜欢运动。
（1）as 引导时间状语从句时, 意为“ ___________________ ”，多强调主句和从句中的动作同时发生，从句可放在主句前也可放在主句后。（2）随着时间的流逝 _____________________________________
as time ges by/with time ging by
① As the ppulatin ____________(increase), mre land is needed.
② With the ppulatin _____________(increase), mre land is needed.
③ We all have t accept that as we get lder, ur reactins slw dwn. _____________________________________________________________________________
We all have t accept that with us getting lder, ur reactins slw dwn.
2. 状语从句的省略These bad habits, if left unchecked, culd lead t mre serius nes when they becme adults. 如果放任不管, 这些坏习惯，在他们成年后会导致更为严重的有害习惯。（教材P14）
① When (she was) asked the meaning f “green with envy”, she smiled._______________________________________
当被问到“柠檬精”的意思时，她笑了。
② Even if (I am) invited, I wn’t g t his birthday party._____________________________________________
即使被邀请了，我也不会去参加他的生日聚会。
③ If (it is) necessary, I’ll cme tmrrw.___________________________
如果有必要，我明天会来。
（1）在时间、地点、条件、方式和让步状语从句中, 如果主从句的_______ 一致，且从句的谓语动词还有_____动词时，可以省略从句的主语和be 动词。（2）当从句的主语是_____，从句的谓语中又含有_____动词时，可以省略从句中的it和be动词。
① The medicine is quite effective if ________ (take) n time.
② [2020天津] Harriet Stwe, mther f six, wrte parts f Uncle Tm’s Cabin while __________ (ck).
③ ______________（如果可能）, I’ll learn t carve.
④ It sunds like smething is wrng with the car’s engine. ________（如果这样）, we’d better take it t the garage immediately.
3. rather than连接两个并列成分S, when we feel unhappy again (cue), rather than eat snacks, we culd listen t sme f ur favurite music instead (rutine), which will make us feel relaxed (reward). （教材P15）所以，当我们再次感到不开心时（提示），与其吃零食, 不如听一些我们最喜欢的音乐（惯例），这会使我们感到放松（奖励）。
① He wuld rather die than give in. _______________________
② He decided t study further rather than wrk. _____________________________
他决定继续深造而不是工作。
③ It is what yu d rather than what yu say that matters. _____________________________________
重要的是你所做的，而不是你所说的。
④ We will have the meeting in the classrm rather than in the hall. _________________________________
我们是在教室开会，不是在大厅。
⑤ Jhn, rather than his rmmates, is t blame. _________________________________________
是约翰，而不是他的室友, 应该受到责备。
（1）rather than 与wuld 连用时，构成wuld rather... than... 结构，意为 _____________________ ，表示主观愿望。（2）rather than不与wuld连用时，表示客观事实，意为___________________ ，连接两个并列成分，如名词、代词、形容词、_________、动词-ing形式、___________、分句等。（3）rather than 连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的成分在人称和数上保持一致，遵循___________。有相同用法的还有 as well as， tgether with，with等。
（4）rather than 连接两个不定式时，后一个常省略t，当rather than 位于句首时，后常跟不带t 的动词不定式。
① What we expect frm yu is wrking hard rather than hardly __________ (wrk).
② Rather than ________(allw) the vegetables t g bad, he sld them at half price.
③ 是你而不是我要去野营。_______________________________________
Yu rather than I are ging camping.
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1. The gvernment impsed a ban n __________（烟草） advertising.
2. A decisin made by a persn wh is under the influence f __________（酒精） is generally nt very gd.
3. Thse wh lve animals hld the view that animal ________（虐待） needs t be taken seriusly.
4. [2020江苏徐州期中] The center has a strng team which cnsists f tp medical experts in _____________（心理学）.
5. Take the ____________ （自动扶梯） t the third flr and the entry f the last ffice is n the left.
6. [2020浙江嘉兴一中月考] With children, it is imprtant t achieve the right balance between lve and _____________ （纪律）.
7. The new airprt will _____________（促进） the develpment f turism.
8. They appeared surprisingly ______________ （悲观的）abut their chances f winning.
pessimistic
9. The crisis had a ___________（消极的） effect n trade.
10. The actrs nt perfrming sit at the side f the stage in full view, waiting fr their _______ （提示）.
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。in respnse t; decide n; rely n; straight away; ver and ver again; make up ne’s mind; be cmpsed f; be invlved in; cme up with; aside frm
1. _____________ being fun, swimming is an imprtant fitness activity.
2. On hearing the news, the dctr rushed t the disaster area ________________ t treat the patients.
3. Yu may __________ it that he will cme t see yu.
4. We must ____________a fit place fr the meeting.
5. The manager has already _______________a suitable slutin.
cme up with
6. He cntributed ne hundred dllars t the charity _________________ my request.
7. When taking a test, yu’d better check yur paper ______________________ s that yu might reduce the mistakes.
ver and ver again
8. Mved by the lvely children, he ___________________t dnate mre mney t the hmeless.
made up his mind
9. I’m very afraid that yur sn may _________________ the crime.
be invlved in
10. Water _________________ hydrgen and xygen.
is cmpsed f
With teenagers grwing up, 1.______can be easy fr sme t frm bad habits. Fr example, sme f them may becme 2.________ (invlve) in tbacc r alchl abuse. If 3.________ (leave) unchecked, these bad habits culd lead t mre serius nes. T change harmful habits, teenagers must learn t understand hw habits wrk-the “habit cycle”. Then adapt the bad habit cycles by cmbining the infrmatin frm ur habit cycles 4.______ur wn psitive ideas. Dn’t try t change bad habits quickly, fr the mst successful way t change is ver a perid f time. As the Chinese
philspher La Zi 5. ________(write), “A jurney f a thusand miles begins with a single step.”6. __________(reach) the gal f change, a persn must shw sme discipline and 7. __________ (repeat) take many small steps.The gd news is 8.__________ there is plenty f time fr yung peple t change bad habits. Hwever, there is n “magic pill” and yu have t think abut yur bad habits and decide n sme 9.__________ (change). Yu have the pwer t build a happy and 10. __________ (health) life that is full f gd habits!
1. Having grwn nt nly _____________ (physical) but als mentally in the past few years, I am beynd recgnitin in the pht.
2. Our travel agency is ___________ (rely), and we try t describe ur centers as realistically as pssible.
3. [2019天津] Fd webs may _______________ (dminate) by many weak links because that arrangement is mre stable ver the lng term.
be dminated
4. My parents have _____________ (repeat) stressed that scial educatin is the key t success in the future.
5. The number f “likes” and “fllwers” cannt cmpare t having lng-term and ____________ (reward) friendships.
6. It is generally recgnized that educatin shuldn’t be measured nly by ______________ (examine) results.
7. S far, the new plicy has ______________ (facilitate) the develpment f ur plan.
facilitated
8. Many yung peple vlunteered t wrk in remte muntainus areas in ___________ (respnd) t the call f the cuntry.
rely n; straight away; facilitate; aside frm; make up ne’s mind; be cmpsed f; rather than; cme up with
1. Babies depend entirely n thers fr fd. __________
2. I tld him what I thugh，at f the matter at nce. ________________
3. We’ve been asked t think f sme new ideas. __________t _______
4. In the petry cmpetitin, apart frm Hass, there are fur ther cmpetitrs. _____________
5. He is determined t vercme_____ his shrtcmings. ____________________
makes up his mind
6. The cmmittee is made up f representatives frm every state. _________________
7. The new trade agreement shuldhis prmte mre rapid ecnmic grwth. _____________
8. I think yu’d better call it a lecture inprstead f a talk. ______________
1. 如果Cindy的作品在这次展览会上展出，我肯定它们会备受好评。（状语从句的省略） _________________________________ , the wrks f Cindy, I’m sure, will be widely acclaimed.
If exhibited in the exhibitin
2. 除了这两本书外，他还写了一些剧本和电影剧本。（aside frm） _____________________________ , his has written sme plays and film scripts.
Aside frm these tw bks
3. 我宁愿早开始也不愿把所有的事情都留到最后。 （rather than）I prefer t start early __________________________________________________ .
rather than leave everything t the last minute
4. 随着她获得了一流厨师的声誉，越来越多的崇拜者慕名而来。（as引导时间状语从句） _________________________________ as a first-class ck, there were mre and mre admirers cming t the restaurant.
As she acquired the reputatin
[2020全国新高考Ⅰ] Accrding t a recent study in the Jurnal f Cnsumer Research, bth the size and cnsumptin habits f ur eating cmpanins can influence ur fd intake. And cntrary t existing research that says yu shuld avid eating with heavier peple wh rder large prtins (份), it’s the beanples with big appetites yu really need t avid.T test the effect f scial influence n eating habits, the
researchers cnducted tw experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate wmen were individually invited int a lab t stensibly（表面上）participate in a study abut mvie viewership. Befre the film began, each wman was asked t help herself t a snack. An actr hired by the researchers grabbed her fd first. In her natural state, the actr weighed 105 punds. But in half the cases she wre a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight t 180 punds.Bth the fat and thin versins f the actr tk a large amunt f fd. The participants fllwed suit, taking mre fd than they
nrmally wuld have. Hwever, they tk significantly mre when the actr was thin.Fr the secnd test, in ne case the thin actr tk tw pieces f candy frm the snack bwls. In the ther case, she tk 30 pieces. The results were similar t the first test：the participants fllwed suit but tk significantly mre candy when the thin actr tk 30 pieces.The tests shw that the scial envirnment is extremely influential when we’re making decisins. If this fellw participant is ging t eat mre, s will I. Call it the “I’ll
have what she’s having” effect. Hwever, we’ll adjust the influence. If an verweight persn is having a large prtin, I’ll hld back a bit because I see the results f his eating habits. But if a thin persn eats a lt, I’ll fllw suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can’t I?
1. What is the recent study mainly abut?( )A. Fd safety.B. Mvie viewership.C. Cnsumer demand.D. Eating behavir.
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项关于就餐同伴会影响人们食物摄取量的研究，结果表明“我跟着她吃”的影响的确存在，但人们也会根据自身对他人的看法有所调整。【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第一段第一句“Accrding t a recent study…can influence ur fd intake.” 可知，《消费者研究杂志》最近的一项研究显示，我们的饮食同伴的体型和消费习惯都会影响我们的饮食，这表明这项最新研究主要是关于饮食行为的。
2. What des the underlined wrd “beanples” in paragraph 1 refer t?( )A. Big eaters.B. Overweight persns.C. Picky eaters.D. Tall thin persns.
[解析] 【命题立意】词义猜测题。【解题思路】根据第一段第二句“And cntrary t existing…yu really need t avid.”可知，现行的研究宣称, 你应该避免和吃得多且发福的人一起吃饭，这项研究与之相反，你真正需要避免的是那些食欲大的人。此处的beanples 意思应与 heavier peple相反，故D项“高而瘦的人”与之意义最接近。
3. Why did the researchers hire the actr?( )A. T see hw she wuld affect the participants.B. T test if the participants culd recgnize her.C. T find ut what she wuld d in the tw tests.D. T study why she culd keep her weight dwn.
[解析] 【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第二段第一句“T test the effect f scial influence n…”及第四句“An actr hired by the researchers grabbed her fd first.”可知，研究者雇用这位演员是为了观察她的饮食行为是如何影响这些参与者的。
4. On what basis d we “adjust the influence” accrding t the last paragraph?( )A. Hw hungry we are.B. Hw slim we want t be.C. Hw we perceive thers.D. Hw we feel abut the fd.
[解析] 【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据最后一段最后两句“But if a thin persn eats a lt, I’ll fllw suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can’t I?”可知，如果一个瘦的人吃得多，“我”也会这么做。如果他可以在吃得多的同时保持苗条，“我”为什么不能？这说明我们是靠观察别人的行为来调整自己所受的外来影响的。
深度解析词汇积累1. cnsumptin n. （能量、食物或材料的）消耗；消耗量 2. cntrary t 与……相反 3. undergraduate n. 本科生 4. individually adv. 分别地；单独地 5. versin n. 版本 6. perceive v. 注意到；认为难句分析原句: And cntrary t existing research that says yu shuld avid eating with heavier peple wh rder large prtins（份），it’s
the beanples with big appetites yu really need t avid. 现有的研究宣称，你应该避免和吃得多且发福的人一起吃饭，实际上恰恰相反，你需要避免的是跟大胃口而且又高又瘦的人一起进餐。分析：本句是主从复合句。cntrary t existing.. . large prtins是形容词短语作状语；it’s the beanples with big appetites yu really need t avid是主干。that says. . . large prtins为定语从句，修饰先行词research，其中包括wh引导的定语从句，修饰先行词peple; yu reallyneed t avid是定语从句，修饰beanples。
[2020山东六地市部分学校高三月考] Have yu seen peple wh take pictures f fd fr mre than 10 minutes befre eating? My friend Stella is such an example. Every time we went t a restaurant, she wuld nt take a bite until all the dishes we 1 were n the table. Then she wuld spend five minutes in 2 the dishes seemingly at randm but in fact 3 rder. Then the mst imprtant part: taking pictures. After that, she wuld chse ne f the 4 and click in the filter（滤镜）app. The fd eventually lked 10 times mre delicius than it really was,
but we had n 5 t really enjy it-it all went cld. Actually Stella’s real life is much less elegant. Fr example, she hates t wash the dishes, s she leaves them in the sink fr days.Many peple care t much abut thers’ pinins and try t hard t 6 thers. They find it hard t be 7 and t accept themselves, and thus they are afraid t shw their 8 life n scial media. What they are trying t prve is 9 what they lack in reality. But this will nt bring any 10 t reality, as they still 11 the same ld
pattern f life.If they really want an elegant life, they shuld put mre 12 int achieving it 13 fabricating （伪造） it. Being mre cnfident, 14 themselves and trying their best t be better are much mre meaningful than 15 their life n scial media.
1. ( )A. rderedB. servedC. fferedD. prepared
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇议论文。文章以朋友总是饭前拍照发到社交媒体上导入，最后得出结论，要想过上真正优雅的生活，需要自己创造而不是伪造。根据上文的restaurant可知，此处指在餐馆点菜。
2. ( )A. ckingB. washingC. settingD. cllecting
[解析] 此处指她会花五分钟的时间用一种看似随意的方式去摆放盘子。set放；置。
3. ( )A. messyB. arrangedC. casualD. missing
[解析] 此处指将菜按顺序排列。arrange安排。
4. ( )A. dishesB. restaurantsC. tablesD. pictures
[解析] 根据上文taking pictures 可知，此处是指朋友选取照片中的一张。
5. ( )A. chanceB. chiceC. excuseD. reasn
[解析] 根据下文的it all went cld 可知，刻意放置好的食物看起来比它本来的样子要美味十倍，但是他们已经没有机会享用了。
6. ( )A. cmfrtB. pleaseC. inspireD. discurage
[解析] 根据上文 Many peple care t much abut thers’ pinins 可知，此处表示许多人太在意别人的看法而努力去取悦别人。
7. ( )A. independentB. generusC. respnsibleD. cnfident
[解析] 此处指他们发现很难变得自信并且接受自己。cnfident自信的。
8. ( )A. realB. secretC. peacefulD. healthy
[解析] 根据上文可知，此处表示他们害怕在社交媒体上展示自己的真实生活。
9. ( )A. rarelyB. hardlyC. exactlyD. nearly
[解析] 句意：他们想要证明的恰恰是他们在现实中所缺乏的。exactly确切地。
10. ( )A. difficultyB. changeC. guidanceD. harm
[解析] 根据下文 the same ld pattern f life 可知，此处表示这样并不会带来任何变化。
11. ( )A. questinB. dislikeC. dubtD. fllw
[解析] 根据下文 pattern f life 可知搭配动词fllw“遵循”。
12. ( )A. effrtB. ambitinsC. feelingsD. mney
[解析] . 此处指如果他们真的想过优雅的生活，那么他们应该付出更多的努力去实现它。
13. ( )A. ther thanB. mre thanC. rather thanD. less than
[解析] 句意：如果他们真的想过优雅的生活，那么他们就应该付出更多的努力去实现它，而不是伪造它。rather than而不是。
14. ( )A. identifyingB. acceptingC. persuadingD. amusing
[解析] 句意：更自信, 接受自己，尽自己最大的努力变得更好，这比在社交媒体上美化自己的生活更有意义。
15. ( )A. simplifyingB. ruiningC. beautifyingD. wrsening
[解析] 句意见上题。beautify美化；使变美丽。
深度解析词汇积累1. randm adj. 随机的；任意的 2. sink n. 洗碗槽 3. elegant adj. 优美的；文雅的
[2018课标全国Ⅰ] Accrding t a review f evidence in a medical jurnal, runners live three years 1. (lng) than nn-runners. Yu dn’t have t run fast r fr lng 2. (see) the benefit. Yu may drink, smke, be verweight and still reduce yur risk f 3. (die) early by running.
While running regularly can’t make yu live frever, the review says it 4. (be) mre effective at lengthening life 5. .walking, cycling r swimming. Tw f the authrs f the review als made a study published in 2014 6. shwed a mere five t 10 minutes a day f running reduced the risk f heart disease and early deaths frm all 7. (cause).The best exercise is ne that yu enjy and will d. But therwise…it’s prbably running. T avid knee pain, yu can run
n sft surfaces, d exercises t 8. (strength) yur leg muscles(肌肉), avid hills and get gd running shes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 9. (energy). If yu are time pr, yu need run fr nly half the time t get the same benefits as ther sprts, s perhaps we shuld all give 10. a try.
1. _________
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章介绍了跑步对人们保持身体健康的好处。考查副词比较级。 根据题干中的than可知设空处需用副词比较级形式，故填lnger。
2. _________
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。由句意可知，此处在句中作目的状语，主语yu 与动词see为主动关系，故填不定式的主动形式t see。
3. ________
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。介词f后需用动名词形式作宾语，根据提示词die 可知设空处填 dying。
[解析] 考查主谓一致和时态。设空处所在从句被用来介绍一种理论，需用一般现在时；再根据主语it及提示词be可知设空处填is。
[解析] 考查介词。根据题干中的“mre effective”可知设空处需填介词than。
6. _____________
[解析] 考查定语从句。从句缺主语且先行词为study，指“物”，故填that或which。
7. _________
[解析] 考查名词的“数”。cause 作“原因”讲，为可数名词；根据设空处前的all 可知设空处填名词复数形式，故填causes。
8. _____________
[解析] 考查词性变换。设空处作目的状语，需用不定式形式，故在不定式符号t后填动词原形 strengthen。
1. ______________ /ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/ adj. 独立的；自主的；自治的→ ________________ /ˌɪndɪˈpendəntli/ adv. 独立地；自立地→ _______________ /ˌɪndɪˈpendəns/ n. 独立→ ____________ /dɪˈpendənt/adj. 依赖的；依靠的
independent
independently
independence
2. ___________ /'dɒmɪneɪt/ vt. & vi. 支配；控制；占有优势→ dminatin /ˌdɒmɪ'neɪʃn/ n. 支配；控制
3. _____________ /rɪˈpiːtɪdli/ adv. 重复地→ repeat /rɪˈpiːt/ v. 重复→ repeated /rɪˈpiːtɪd/ adj. 重复的
4. _____________ /saɪˈkɒlədʒi/ n. 心理学；心理；心理影响→ psychlgical /ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ adj. 心理的→ psychlgically /ˌsaɪkəˈlɒdʒɪkəli/ adv. 心理上地；精神上地→ psychlgist /saɪˈkɒlədʒɪst/ n. 心理学家
5. _______ /rɪˈlaɪ/ vi. 依赖；依靠；信赖→ reliable /rɪˈlaɪəbl/ adj. 可信赖的；可依靠的
6. __________ /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/ vt. （仔细）检查；审查；测验→ examinatin /ɪɡˌzæmɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 检查；审查；考试
1. becme invlved in ___________________
2. make a chice _________
3. prevent…frm ding sth. _________________
4. act as _______________
5. rely n ___________________
6. aside frm _____________
7. 回答; 答复 _________________
in respnse t
8. 而不是 ______________
rather than
9. 立即; 马上 ________________
straight away
10. 决定; 选定 ____________
Stay with psitive peple while wrking twards yur gals.
T finish the wrk within ten minutes is very hard.
Nw, I feel much mre cnfident.
1. Reading fr the main idea.What’s the main idea f the text?( )A. Hw the “habit cycle” wrks.B. Why bad habits shuld be changed.C. Frming gd habits fr a healthy lifestyle is beneficial t a teenager’s life.D. There are n shrtcuts t changing bad habits.
2. Reading fr the structure.Fill in the fllwing blanks with prper wrds.
Reading fr the details.
1. Hw can a teenager prevent bad habits frm ruling his r her life?( )A. By leaving them unchecked.B. By being aware f bad habits and making prper changes.C. By being mre independent.D. By talking t their parents and teachers.
2. Why des the authr qute Aristtle’s wrds?( )A. T shw changing bad habits is never easy.B. T imply that we always d useless things.C. T tell us t make preparatins in advance.D. T tell us nly we urselves can dminate ur life.
3. Which f the fllwing is cnsidered as the “reward”?( )A. Yu decide t brrw tw bks frm the city library.B. Yu take a walk arund the schl in the mrning.C. Yu are willing t vlunteer in yur cmmunity this weekend.D. Yu find yurself excited after a talk with yur friend.
4. What is the authr’s attitude t changing bad habits?( )A. Objective.B. Skeptical.C. Psitive.D. Pessimistic.
1. The gd news is that we can change, if we understand hw habits wrk.【分析】 本句是一个主从复合句。其中that we can change为that引导的 ___________ , if we understand…为if引导的 _______________ , hw habits wrk为hw引导的 ___________。【译文】 ___________________________________________________________
好消息是如果我们了解习惯是如何运作的, 我们就能做出改变。
2. S, when we feel unhappy again (cue), rather than eat snacks, we culd listen t sme f ur favurite music instead (rutine), which will make us feel relaxed (reward).【分析】 本句是一个主从复合句。when we feel unhappy again为when引导的 ___________ 从句, which will make us feel relaxed为which引导的 ___________________ , 修饰整个主句的内容。【译文】 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
所以, 当我们再次感到不开心时(提示), 与其吃零食, 不如听一些我们最喜欢的音乐(惯例), 这会使我们感到放松(奖励)。
Step 1 Questin Answering
根据课文内容回答下列问题。
1. What kind f bad habits d teenagers usually frm?___________________________________________________________________
Teenagers tend t frm bad habits like tbacc r alchl abuse.
2. What damage can these bad habits d t teenagers? _________________________________________________
They can lead t physical and mental prblems.
3. What shuld teenagers d t prevent these bad habits frm dminating their life? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
T prevent these bad habits frm dminating their life, they have t learn t recgnize them and make prper changes.
4. What can help them t change?_______________________________________________
Understanding the “habit cycles” can help.
5. What shuld we d t change a bad habit? ___________________________________________________________
We need t examine ur bad habit cycles and change them.
6. Can we change the bad habits suddenly? _____________________________________________________________________________
We can’t change the bad habits suddenly but need t shw sme discipline.
Step 2 Sentence Rewriting
1. 用定语从句合并第1、2句。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Teenagers tend t frm bad habits like tbacc r alchl abuse, which can lead t physical and mental prblems.
2. 用becme aware f改写第3句。 _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
T prevent these bad habits frm dminating their life, they have t becme aware f them and make prper changes.
3. 用含主语从句的复合句改写第5句。_____________________________________________________________________
What we need t d is examine ur bad habit cycles and change them.
4. 用get rid f和all f a sudden改写第6句。________________________________________________________________________________________
We can’t get rid f the bad habits all f a sudden but need t shw sme discipline.
Step 3 Summary Writing
1. 将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的文章概要。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Teenagers tend t frm bad habits like tbacc r alchl abuse, which can lead t physical
and mental prblems. T prevent these bad habits frm dminating their life, they have t becme aware f them and make prper changes. Much t ur delight, understanding the “habit cycles” can help. What we need t d is examine ur bad habit cycles and change them. Hwever, we can’t get rid f the bad habits all f a sudden but need t shw sme discipline.
1. abuse n. 滥用；虐待；辱骂 vt. 滥用；虐待；辱骂Fr example, sme f them may becme invlved in tbacc r alchl abuse, which can lead t physical and mental health prblems. 例如, 有些青少年会吸烟成瘾或酗酒, 造成生理和心理健康问题。（教材P14）
① The case has brught the prblem f child abuse int fcus. _______________________________________
这个案子已使虐待儿童成为了焦点问题。
② Much f the crime in this area is related t drug abuse. ___________________________________
这一地区的许多犯罪都与吸毒有关。
③ Gvernment fficials shuldn’t abuse their pwers. ___________________________
政府官员不应该滥用职权。
④ It is said that the jurnalists, wh cvered the case last week, have been threatened and abused. _________________________________________________
据说，上周报道这个事件的记者遭到了恐吓和辱骂。
（1）虐待儿童 ______________酗酒/嗜毒 _____________________（2）滥用职权 _____________________
child abuse
alchl/drug abuse
abuse ne’s pwer
① He came t the help f anther driver wh was being racially _________ (abuse) by three white passengers.
② It is said that _________________________ （嗜毒和酗酒） cntributed t Brian’s early death.
drug and alchl abuse
③ He was accused f ___________________（虐待妻子） last week.
abusing his wife
2. in respnse t 回答；答复Secndly, there is a “rutine”, the regular actin yu take in respnse t the cue. 其次，形成“惯例”，即你响应提示采取的有规律的行动。（教材P14）
① With the help f his teammate, the peratr made a quick respnse t the event._________________________________________________________
在他的队友的帮助下, 这个操作员对事件作出了快速的反应。
② They made n respnse t ur call fr help, which disappinted us. ___________________________________________
他们没有回应我们的求助，这让我们很失望。
③ During the utbreak f the nvel crnavirus pneumnia disease, China rse up t the challenge and respnded t it bravely.___________________________________________________________________
在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情暴发期间，中国迎难而上, 勇敢应对此次挑战。
（1）对……作出回应 ____________________________________ 没有回应 ___________________（2）v. 回答；作出反应 __________ 回答; 对……作出回应 _____________
make a respnse t/in respnse t
make n respnse
① Knwing basic first-aid techniques will help yu respnd quickly _____ emergencies.
（2） 完成句子那个画家至今没有对这个问题作出回应。
② S far, the artist _______________________ the questin. (respnd)
has nt respnded t
③ S far, the artist __________________________ the questin. (respnse)
has made n respnse t
④ S far, the artist has dne nthing _________________ the questin. (respnse)
3. reward n. 回报；奖励；报酬 vt. 奖励；奖赏；给以报酬Thirdly, there is the “reward”, the gd thing r feeling we get frm the rutine. 第三, 有“奖励”，即我们从惯例中得到的好处或感觉。（教材P14）
① The bss rewarded him with a trip t China fr his cntributins. _________________________________________
因为他的贡献, 老板奖励他一次中国之旅。
② The sldier received a medal in reward fr his bravery in fighting the frest fire that brke ut in Liangshan, Sichuan Prvince. ___________________________________________________________________
这名战士因在爆发于四川凉山的森林大火中的英勇表现而获得了一枚奖章。
③ The cmpany gave/ffered a reward t him fr his psitive attitude. ___________________________________
公司因他积极的态度给予了他奖励。
④ There is really nthing mre rewarding in the wrld than helping thers live a happy life. _____________________________________________________________
世界上真的没有什么事情比帮助别人过上幸福的生活更值得做了。
（1）因(做)某事用某物奖励某人 _______________________________________（2）作为（对……的）回报 __________________________________________为某事而给某人奖励 ______________________________________（3）adj. 有益的; 值得做的 ____________
reward sb. with sth. fr (ding) sth.
in reward (fr) a reward (fr)...
give/ffer a reward t sb. fr sth.
A ＄100 reward has been ffered fr the return f the necklace. 已悬赏100美元寻找这条项链。The Scttish girl with blue eyes wn first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech cntest.
这位蓝眼睛的苏格兰女孩在第五届汉语演讲比赛中获得一等奖。His mvie wn several awards at the film festival.他的电影在电影节上赢得了几个奖项。
① [2020浙江7月] It is ____________(reward) t try new things.
② The students have been wrking hard n their lessns and their effrts will be rewarded _______ success in the end.
③ 作为通过考试的奖励, 她从父母那儿得到了一辆新自行车。 _________________________________________________________________________
As a reward fr passing the exam, she gt a new bike frm her parents.
4. rely n 依赖；依靠；信赖The reward makes us much mre likely t cntinue the cycle, and the bad habit f relying n unhealthy snacks is frmed. 这种奖励使我们更有可能继续这一循环, 从而形成了依赖不健康零食的坏习惯。（教材P15）
① Farmers can rely n ducks t prtect their crps. _________________________________
农民们可以依靠鸭子来保护庄稼。
② Yu may rely n it that she can achieve her ambitin. ___________________________
你可以相信她能实现抱负。
③ Trains are safe, reliable, cheap and best fr lng-distance jurneys. ___________________________________________
火车安全可靠、费用低廉, 最适宜长途旅行。
（1）依赖/依靠某人做某事 _________________________相信……；指望…… _____________________（2）adj. 可依靠的；可信赖的 ___________
rely n sb./t d sth.
rely n it that...
① We shuld rely n _____ that everything will g well.
② [2019北京] Sme students dn’t have a ___________ (rely) car, while thers have t share vehicles with parents wh wrk six days a week.
③ 你可以相信我会为你保守秘密。__________________________________________
Yu can rely n me t keep yur secret.
5. decide n 决定；选定Hwever, there is n “magic pill” r delete buttn that will help yu; yu have t think abut yur bad habits and decide n sme changes. 然而, 并没有“灵丹妙药”或删除按钮可以帮助你; 你必须思考你的坏习惯, 然后下定决心做出一些改变。（教材P15）
① In the end, he decided n spending his summer hliday by the sea. _____________________________
最后，他决定在海边过暑假。
② If yu are determined t succeed, please grasp the pprtunity ffered by ur cmpany. _______________________________________________
如果你决心要成功，请抓住我们公司提供的机会。
③ They decided/determined t mve abrad and make a fresh start. ___________________________________
他们决定移居国外，开始新的生活。
④ Jane has made a decisin t study abrad. _________________________
简已经决定要出国留学。
决定/决心做某事的其他常用表达： ___________________________ ； ______________________________ ； _____________________________； _________________________________ 。
be determined t d sth.
decide/determine t d sth.
make a decisin t d sth.
make up ne’s mind t d sth.
① I dn’t want t make the wrng ___________ (decide) and regret it later.
② At tday’s meeting, we are t discuss and decide _____ the mst effective apprach t the study f mathematics.
③ Later Mrs Smith __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________（决定买）this kind f clth because she was tld that the clth washed very well.
decided t buy/decided n buying/made a decisin t buy/determined t buy/was determined t buy/made up her mind t buy
6. make up ne’s mind 下定决心We need t make up ur minds and shw sme discipline, and make small changes ver time. 我们需要下定决心, 表现出一定的自制力, 并渐渐地作出一些小的改变。（教材P16）
① She made up her mind t pass dwn traditinal Beijing Opera. ___________________________________
她下定决心要将传统京剧传承下去。
② S stubbrn is the ld man that he wn’t change his mind whatever yu say. ___________________________________________________
这个老人很固执, 不管你说什么他都不会改变主意的。
③ Remain true t ur riginal aspiratin and keep/bear ur missin firmly in mind. _______________________
不忘初心, 牢记使命。
④ Suddenly a lgical thught came int my mind. _________________________________
我突然有了一个合乎逻辑的想法。
（1）下定决心做某事 _________________________________ （2）改变某人的主意 _____________________ （3）记住…… ____________________（4）突然想起 ___________________________ 使想起bring sth. t mind
change ne’s mind
cme int/t ne’s mind
keep/bear sth. in mind
① We made up ur mind ________ (g) t the cuntry fr ur hliday.
② 这张照片让我想起了我的密友。________________________________________________
The picture brught my clse friends t mind.
③ 要记住，安全总是在第一位的。_______________________________________________
Always keep in mind that safety cmes first.
7. cmpse vt. & vi. 组成；作曲；撰写Life is cmpsed f many elements, such as family, friends, study, wrk, entertainment, and s n. 生活是由许多元素组成的, 如家庭、朋友、学习、工作、娱乐等。（教材P16）
① The China Greater Bay Area is cmpsed f/is made up f/cnsists f nine cities in Guangdng Prvince as well as Hng Kng and Maca. _________________________________________
中国大湾区由广东九市和香港、澳门组成。
② On a freezing day, the cmpser cmpsed a very beautiful piece f music. ___________________________________________________________
在一个寒冷的日子里，这位作曲家创作了一首非常优美的曲子。
③ The jurnals cntain accunts f literary cmpsitin._________________________________
这些期刊中有对文学创作的描述。
（1）由……组成 _________________ = _____________ = ________________（2）n. 作曲家；创作者 ___________（3）cmpsitin n. 构成；作曲；创作
be cmpsed f
be made up f
① He is a famus ___________ f pp music and _______________ mre than 200 pieces f music already. (cmpse)
② This is my favrite meldy and it is ne f Beethven’s greatest ______________ (cmpse).
③ 这个委员会由十人组成。 _______________________________________ . = ______________________________________ . = ____________________________________ .
The cmmittee is cmpsed f ten men
The cmmittee is made up f ten men
The cmmittee cnsists f ten men
1. as 引导时间状语从句As teenagers grw up, they becme mre independent and start making their wn decisins. 青少年在成长过程中, 会变得更加独立并且开始自己作决定。（教材P14）
① As I waited fr the bus at the stp, I heard the news that the annual dragn bat race wuld be held the next mnth.___________________________________________________________________________________
当我在车站等公交车的时候，我听到一则新闻——一年一度的赛龙舟比赛将在下个月举行。
② Her eyesight was failing as she grew lder._________________________________
她的视力随着年龄的增长而衰退。
③ With time ging by, I develped a preference fr sprts.___________________________________
随着时间的流逝，我开始喜欢运动。
（1）as 引导时间状语从句时, 意为“ ___________________ ”，多强调主句和从句中的动作同时发生，从句可放在主句前也可放在主句后。（2）随着时间的流逝 _____________________________________
as time ges by/with time ging by
① As the ppulatin ____________(increase), mre land is needed.
② With the ppulatin _____________(increase), mre land is needed.
③ We all have t accept that as we get lder, ur reactins slw dwn. _____________________________________________________________________________
We all have t accept that with us getting lder, ur reactins slw dwn.
2. 状语从句的省略These bad habits, if left unchecked, culd lead t mre serius nes when they becme adults. 如果放任不管, 这些坏习惯，在他们成年后会导致更为严重的有害习惯。（教材P14）
① When (she was) asked the meaning f “green with envy”, she smiled._______________________________________
当被问到“柠檬精”的意思时，她笑了。
② Even if (I am) invited, I wn’t g t his birthday party._____________________________________________
即使被邀请了，我也不会去参加他的生日聚会。
③ If (it is) necessary, I’ll cme tmrrw.___________________________
如果有必要，我明天会来。
（1）在时间、地点、条件、方式和让步状语从句中, 如果主从句的_______ 一致，且从句的谓语动词还有_____动词时，可以省略从句的主语和be 动词。（2）当从句的主语是_____，从句的谓语中又含有_____动词时，可以省略从句中的it和be动词。
① The medicine is quite effective if ________ (take) n time.
② [2020天津] Harriet Stwe, mther f six, wrte parts f Uncle Tm’s Cabin while __________ (ck).
③ ______________（如果可能）, I’ll learn t carve.
④ It sunds like smething is wrng with the car’s engine. ________（如果这样）, we’d better take it t the garage immediately.
3. rather than连接两个并列成分S, when we feel unhappy again (cue), rather than eat snacks, we culd listen t sme f ur favurite music instead (rutine), which will make us feel relaxed (reward). （教材P15）所以，当我们再次感到不开心时（提示），与其吃零食, 不如听一些我们最喜欢的音乐（惯例），这会使我们感到放松（奖励）。
① He wuld rather die than give in. _______________________
② He decided t study further rather than wrk. _____________________________
他决定继续深造而不是工作。
③ It is what yu d rather than what yu say that matters. _____________________________________
重要的是你所做的，而不是你所说的。
④ We will have the meeting in the classrm rather than in the hall. _________________________________
我们是在教室开会，不是在大厅。
⑤ Jhn, rather than his rmmates, is t blame. _________________________________________
是约翰，而不是他的室友, 应该受到责备。
（1）rather than 与wuld 连用时，构成wuld rather... than... 结构，意为 _____________________ ，表示主观愿望。（2）rather than不与wuld连用时，表示客观事实，意为___________________ ，连接两个并列成分，如名词、代词、形容词、_________、动词-ing形式、___________、分句等。（3）rather than 连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的成分在人称和数上保持一致，遵循___________。有相同用法的还有 as well as， tgether with，with等。
（4）rather than 连接两个不定式时，后一个常省略t，当rather than 位于句首时，后常跟不带t 的动词不定式。
① What we expect frm yu is wrking hard rather than hardly __________ (wrk).
② Rather than ________(allw) the vegetables t g bad, he sld them at half price.
③ 是你而不是我要去野营。_______________________________________
Yu rather than I are ging camping.
根据语境和汉语提示写出单词的正确形式。
1. The gvernment impsed a ban n __________（烟草） advertising.
2. A decisin made by a persn wh is under the influence f __________（酒精） is generally nt very gd.
3. Thse wh lve animals hld the view that animal ________（虐待） needs t be taken seriusly.
4. [2020江苏徐州期中] The center has a strng team which cnsists f tp medical experts in _____________（心理学）.
5. Take the ____________ （自动扶梯） t the third flr and the entry f the last ffice is n the left.
6. [2020浙江嘉兴一中月考] With children, it is imprtant t achieve the right balance between lve and _____________ （纪律）.
7. The new airprt will _____________（促进） the develpment f turism.
8. They appeared surprisingly ______________ （悲观的）abut their chances f winning.
pessimistic
9. The crisis had a ___________（消极的） effect n trade.
10. The actrs nt perfrming sit at the side f the stage in full view, waiting fr their _______ （提示）.
根据语境用方框内短语的正确形式填空。in respnse t; decide n; rely n; straight away; ver and ver again; make up ne’s mind; be cmpsed f; be invlved in; cme up with; aside frm
1. _____________ being fun, swimming is an imprtant fitness activity.
2. On hearing the news, the dctr rushed t the disaster area ________________ t treat the patients.
3. Yu may __________ it that he will cme t see yu.
4. We must ____________a fit place fr the meeting.
5. The manager has already _______________a suitable slutin.
cme up with
6. He cntributed ne hundred dllars t the charity _________________ my request.
7. When taking a test, yu’d better check yur paper ______________________ s that yu might reduce the mistakes.
ver and ver again
8. Mved by the lvely children, he ___________________t dnate mre mney t the hmeless.
made up his mind
9. I’m very afraid that yur sn may _________________ the crime.
be invlved in
10. Water _________________ hydrgen and xygen.
is cmpsed f
With teenagers grwing up, 1.______can be easy fr sme t frm bad habits. Fr example, sme f them may becme 2.________ (invlve) in tbacc r alchl abuse. If 3.________ (leave) unchecked, these bad habits culd lead t mre serius nes. T change harmful habits, teenagers must learn t understand hw habits wrk-the “habit cycle”. Then adapt the bad habit cycles by cmbining the infrmatin frm ur habit cycles 4.______ur wn psitive ideas. Dn’t try t change bad habits quickly, fr the mst successful way t change is ver a perid f time. As the Chinese
philspher La Zi 5. ________(write), “A jurney f a thusand miles begins with a single step.”6. __________(reach) the gal f change, a persn must shw sme discipline and 7. __________ (repeat) take many small steps.The gd news is 8.__________ there is plenty f time fr yung peple t change bad habits. Hwever, there is n “magic pill” and yu have t think abut yur bad habits and decide n sme 9.__________ (change). Yu have the pwer t build a happy and 10. __________ (health) life that is full f gd habits!
1. Having grwn nt nly _____________ (physical) but als mentally in the past few years, I am beynd recgnitin in the pht.
2. Our travel agency is ___________ (rely), and we try t describe ur centers as realistically as pssible.
3. [2019天津] Fd webs may _______________ (dminate) by many weak links because that arrangement is mre stable ver the lng term.
be dminated
4. My parents have _____________ (repeat) stressed that scial educatin is the key t success in the future.
5. The number f “likes” and “fllwers” cannt cmpare t having lng-term and ____________ (reward) friendships.
6. It is generally recgnized that educatin shuldn’t be measured nly by ______________ (examine) results.
7. S far, the new plicy has ______________ (facilitate) the develpment f ur plan.
facilitated
8. Many yung peple vlunteered t wrk in remte muntainus areas in ___________ (respnd) t the call f the cuntry.
rely n; straight away; facilitate; aside frm; make up ne’s mind; be cmpsed f; rather than; cme up with
1. Babies depend entirely n thers fr fd. __________
2. I tld him what I thugh，at f the matter at nce. ________________
3. We’ve been asked t think f sme new ideas. __________t _______
4. In the petry cmpetitin, apart frm Hass, there are fur ther cmpetitrs. _____________
5. He is determined t vercme_____ his shrtcmings. ____________________
makes up his mind
6. The cmmittee is made up f representatives frm every state. _________________
7. The new trade agreement shuldhis prmte mre rapid ecnmic grwth. _____________
8. I think yu’d better call it a lecture inprstead f a talk. ______________
1. 如果Cindy的作品在这次展览会上展出，我肯定它们会备受好评。（状语从句的省略） _________________________________ , the wrks f Cindy, I’m sure, will be widely acclaimed.
If exhibited in the exhibitin
2. 除了这两本书外，他还写了一些剧本和电影剧本。（aside frm） _____________________________ , his has written sme plays and film scripts.
Aside frm these tw bks
3. 我宁愿早开始也不愿把所有的事情都留到最后。 （rather than）I prefer t start early __________________________________________________ .
rather than leave everything t the last minute
4. 随着她获得了一流厨师的声誉，越来越多的崇拜者慕名而来。（as引导时间状语从句） _________________________________ as a first-class ck, there were mre and mre admirers cming t the restaurant.
As she acquired the reputatin
[2020全国新高考Ⅰ] Accrding t a recent study in the Jurnal f Cnsumer Research, bth the size and cnsumptin habits f ur eating cmpanins can influence ur fd intake. And cntrary t existing research that says yu shuld avid eating with heavier peple wh rder large prtins (份), it’s the beanples with big appetites yu really need t avid.T test the effect f scial influence n eating habits, the
researchers cnducted tw experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate wmen were individually invited int a lab t stensibly（表面上）participate in a study abut mvie viewership. Befre the film began, each wman was asked t help herself t a snack. An actr hired by the researchers grabbed her fd first. In her natural state, the actr weighed 105 punds. But in half the cases she wre a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight t 180 punds.Bth the fat and thin versins f the actr tk a large amunt f fd. The participants fllwed suit, taking mre fd than they
nrmally wuld have. Hwever, they tk significantly mre when the actr was thin.Fr the secnd test, in ne case the thin actr tk tw pieces f candy frm the snack bwls. In the ther case, she tk 30 pieces. The results were similar t the first test：the participants fllwed suit but tk significantly mre candy when the thin actr tk 30 pieces.The tests shw that the scial envirnment is extremely influential when we’re making decisins. If this fellw participant is ging t eat mre, s will I. Call it the “I’ll
have what she’s having” effect. Hwever, we’ll adjust the influence. If an verweight persn is having a large prtin, I’ll hld back a bit because I see the results f his eating habits. But if a thin persn eats a lt, I’ll fllw suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can’t I?
1. What is the recent study mainly abut?( )A. Fd safety.B. Mvie viewership.C. Cnsumer demand.D. Eating behavir.
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项关于就餐同伴会影响人们食物摄取量的研究，结果表明“我跟着她吃”的影响的确存在，但人们也会根据自身对他人的看法有所调整。【命题立意】细节理解题。【解题思路】根据第一段第一句“Accrding t a recent study…can influence ur fd intake.” 可知，《消费者研究杂志》最近的一项研究显示，我们的饮食同伴的体型和消费习惯都会影响我们的饮食，这表明这项最新研究主要是关于饮食行为的。
2. What des the underlined wrd “beanples” in paragraph 1 refer t?( )A. Big eaters.B. Overweight persns.C. Picky eaters.D. Tall thin persns.
[解析] 【命题立意】词义猜测题。【解题思路】根据第一段第二句“And cntrary t existing…yu really need t avid.”可知，现行的研究宣称, 你应该避免和吃得多且发福的人一起吃饭，这项研究与之相反，你真正需要避免的是那些食欲大的人。此处的beanples 意思应与 heavier peple相反，故D项“高而瘦的人”与之意义最接近。
3. Why did the researchers hire the actr?( )A. T see hw she wuld affect the participants.B. T test if the participants culd recgnize her.C. T find ut what she wuld d in the tw tests.D. T study why she culd keep her weight dwn.
[解析] 【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第二段第一句“T test the effect f scial influence n…”及第四句“An actr hired by the researchers grabbed her fd first.”可知，研究者雇用这位演员是为了观察她的饮食行为是如何影响这些参与者的。
4. On what basis d we “adjust the influence” accrding t the last paragraph?( )A. Hw hungry we are.B. Hw slim we want t be.C. Hw we perceive thers.D. Hw we feel abut the fd.
[解析] 【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据最后一段最后两句“But if a thin persn eats a lt, I’ll fllw suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can’t I?”可知，如果一个瘦的人吃得多，“我”也会这么做。如果他可以在吃得多的同时保持苗条，“我”为什么不能？这说明我们是靠观察别人的行为来调整自己所受的外来影响的。
深度解析词汇积累1. cnsumptin n. （能量、食物或材料的）消耗；消耗量 2. cntrary t 与……相反 3. undergraduate n. 本科生 4. individually adv. 分别地；单独地 5. versin n. 版本 6. perceive v. 注意到；认为难句分析原句: And cntrary t existing research that says yu shuld avid eating with heavier peple wh rder large prtins（份），it’s
the beanples with big appetites yu really need t avid. 现有的研究宣称，你应该避免和吃得多且发福的人一起吃饭，实际上恰恰相反，你需要避免的是跟大胃口而且又高又瘦的人一起进餐。分析：本句是主从复合句。cntrary t existing.. . large prtins是形容词短语作状语；it’s the beanples with big appetites yu really need t avid是主干。that says. . . large prtins为定语从句，修饰先行词research，其中包括wh引导的定语从句，修饰先行词peple; yu reallyneed t avid是定语从句，修饰beanples。
[2020山东六地市部分学校高三月考] Have yu seen peple wh take pictures f fd fr mre than 10 minutes befre eating? My friend Stella is such an example. Every time we went t a restaurant, she wuld nt take a bite until all the dishes we 1 were n the table. Then she wuld spend five minutes in 2 the dishes seemingly at randm but in fact 3 rder. Then the mst imprtant part: taking pictures. After that, she wuld chse ne f the 4 and click in the filter（滤镜）app. The fd eventually lked 10 times mre delicius than it really was,
but we had n 5 t really enjy it-it all went cld. Actually Stella’s real life is much less elegant. Fr example, she hates t wash the dishes, s she leaves them in the sink fr days.Many peple care t much abut thers’ pinins and try t hard t 6 thers. They find it hard t be 7 and t accept themselves, and thus they are afraid t shw their 8 life n scial media. What they are trying t prve is 9 what they lack in reality. But this will nt bring any 10 t reality, as they still 11 the same ld
pattern f life.If they really want an elegant life, they shuld put mre 12 int achieving it 13 fabricating （伪造） it. Being mre cnfident, 14 themselves and trying their best t be better are much mre meaningful than 15 their life n scial media.
1. ( )A. rderedB. servedC. fferedD. prepared
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文是一篇议论文。文章以朋友总是饭前拍照发到社交媒体上导入，最后得出结论，要想过上真正优雅的生活，需要自己创造而不是伪造。根据上文的restaurant可知，此处指在餐馆点菜。
2. ( )A. ckingB. washingC. settingD. cllecting
[解析] 此处指她会花五分钟的时间用一种看似随意的方式去摆放盘子。set放；置。
3. ( )A. messyB. arrangedC. casualD. missing
[解析] 此处指将菜按顺序排列。arrange安排。
4. ( )A. dishesB. restaurantsC. tablesD. pictures
[解析] 根据上文taking pictures 可知，此处是指朋友选取照片中的一张。
5. ( )A. chanceB. chiceC. excuseD. reasn
[解析] 根据下文的it all went cld 可知，刻意放置好的食物看起来比它本来的样子要美味十倍，但是他们已经没有机会享用了。
6. ( )A. cmfrtB. pleaseC. inspireD. discurage
[解析] 根据上文 Many peple care t much abut thers’ pinins 可知，此处表示许多人太在意别人的看法而努力去取悦别人。
7. ( )A. independentB. generusC. respnsibleD. cnfident
[解析] 此处指他们发现很难变得自信并且接受自己。cnfident自信的。
8. ( )A. realB. secretC. peacefulD. healthy
[解析] 根据上文可知，此处表示他们害怕在社交媒体上展示自己的真实生活。
9. ( )A. rarelyB. hardlyC. exactlyD. nearly
[解析] 句意：他们想要证明的恰恰是他们在现实中所缺乏的。exactly确切地。
10. ( )A. difficultyB. changeC. guidanceD. harm
[解析] 根据下文 the same ld pattern f life 可知，此处表示这样并不会带来任何变化。
11. ( )A. questinB. dislikeC. dubtD. fllw
[解析] 根据下文 pattern f life 可知搭配动词fllw“遵循”。
12. ( )A. effrtB. ambitinsC. feelingsD. mney
[解析] . 此处指如果他们真的想过优雅的生活，那么他们应该付出更多的努力去实现它。
13. ( )A. ther thanB. mre thanC. rather thanD. less than
[解析] 句意：如果他们真的想过优雅的生活，那么他们就应该付出更多的努力去实现它，而不是伪造它。rather than而不是。
14. ( )A. identifyingB. acceptingC. persuadingD. amusing
[解析] 句意：更自信, 接受自己，尽自己最大的努力变得更好，这比在社交媒体上美化自己的生活更有意义。
15. ( )A. simplifyingB. ruiningC. beautifyingD. wrsening
[解析] 句意见上题。beautify美化；使变美丽。
深度解析词汇积累1. randm adj. 随机的；任意的 2. sink n. 洗碗槽 3. elegant adj. 优美的；文雅的
[2018课标全国Ⅰ] Accrding t a review f evidence in a medical jurnal, runners live three years 1. (lng) than nn-runners. Yu dn’t have t run fast r fr lng 2. (see) the benefit. Yu may drink, smke, be verweight and still reduce yur risk f 3. (die) early by running.
While running regularly can’t make yu live frever, the review says it 4. (be) mre effective at lengthening life 5. .walking, cycling r swimming. Tw f the authrs f the review als made a study published in 2014 6. shwed a mere five t 10 minutes a day f running reduced the risk f heart disease and early deaths frm all 7. (cause).The best exercise is ne that yu enjy and will d. But therwise…it’s prbably running. T avid knee pain, yu can run
n sft surfaces, d exercises t 8. (strength) yur leg muscles(肌肉), avid hills and get gd running shes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 9. (energy). If yu are time pr, yu need run fr nly half the time t get the same benefits as ther sprts, s perhaps we shuld all give 10. a try.
1. _________
[解析] [语篇解读] 本文为说明文。文章介绍了跑步对人们保持身体健康的好处。考查副词比较级。 根据题干中的than可知设空处需用副词比较级形式，故填lnger。
2. _________
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。由句意可知，此处在句中作目的状语，主语yu 与动词see为主动关系，故填不定式的主动形式t see。
3. ________
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。介词f后需用动名词形式作宾语，根据提示词die 可知设空处填 dying。
[解析] 考查主谓一致和时态。设空处所在从句被用来介绍一种理论，需用一般现在时；再根据主语it及提示词be可知设空处填is。
[解析] 考查介词。根据题干中的“mre effective”可知设空处需填介词than。
6. _____________
[解析] 考查定语从句。从句缺主语且先行词为study，指“物”，故填that或which。
7. _________
[解析] 考查名词的“数”。cause 作“原因”讲，为可数名词；根据设空处前的all 可知设空处填名词复数形式，故填causes。
8. _____________
[解析] 考查词性变换。设空处作目的状语，需用不定式形式，故在不定式符号t后填动词原形 strengthen。
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