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高中英语Unit 5 Poems集体备课课件ppt
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这是一份高中英语Unit 5 Poems集体备课课件ppt，文件包含UNIT5Period2pptx、UNIT5Period2DOC等2份课件配套教学资源，其中PPT共60页， 欢迎下载使用。
1．好些；许多____________________2．被要求做某事____________________3．随着……的临近____________________4．尽管____________________5．在玩耍____________________6．在休息____________________7．在欢笑____________________
quite a few be required t d sth. at the apprach f… in spite f at play at rest in laughter
8．在哭泣____________________9．引起某人的赞赏____________________10．爱上____________________11．确信某事____________________12．说服某人做某事____________________13．执行；履行____________________14．对……有影响____________________15．与某人相爱____________________
in tears attract ne’s admiratin fall in lve with be sure abut sth. cnvince sb. t d sth. carry ut have influence n… be in lve with sb.
1．It seems incredible t me ________ the questin f hw best t arrange bks n shelves culd cause a lively nline discussin. 在我看来，如何最好地安排书架上的书的问题竟会在网上引起热烈的讨论，这似乎令人难以置信。
2．The reasn is ________ they can feel the warmth f lve and enjy the inncence f childhd. 因为他们可以感受到爱的温暖，享受童年的纯真。3．He was brn during the mid-Tang Dynasty, ________ was a perid f rebuilding and recvery fr the Tang Empire. 他出生在唐朝中期，这是唐朝帝国重建和恢复的时期。【答案】1．that 2．that 3．which
复习定语从句(Review f relative clauses)1．This is the lab ________ was built last year. 2．Yu must watch carefully everything ________ the teacher shws in class. 3．This is the very bk ________ I am lking fr. 4．Which is the bk ________ yu want?
5．They talked abut the peple and the things ________ they can remember. 6．___________ yu knw, Lily is an excellent student in this class. 7．He is a gd cmrade(伙伴), ________ makes us happy. 8．I have the same clthes ________ yu have.
9．I have never seen such an interesting film ________ this ne is. 10．This is the dctr f ________ we usually hear. 【答案】1．which/that 2．that 3．that 4．that 5．that 6．As 7．which 8．as 9．as 10．whm
1．cre n. 核心；精髓；(水果的)核儿(P52)The purpse f literary criticism is t get t the cre f the text and discver what message the authr is attempting t cnvey. 【翻译】文学批评的目的就是要触及文章的核心，发现作者试图表达出来的信息。
cre f the apple苹果核the earth’s cre 地核the cre f the argument争论的核心t the cre直至核心；十足；透顶
She was shaken t the cre by the news. 这消息使她大为震惊。The by ate the apple and threw the cre away. 男孩吃了苹果，把核扔掉了。Cncern fr the envirnment is at the cre f ur plicies. 对环境的关注是我们政策的核心。
[针对练习]完成句子(1)The ________________ jujubes are t hard t digest. 枣子核太硬，不能消化。(2)She is ________________ . 她是这个队的核心成员。
(3)He’s a plitician ________________ . 他是个十足的政客。【答案】(1)cres f (2)the cre f the team(3)t the cre
2．blank adj. 空白的；无图画(或韵律、装饰)的；没表情的n. 空白；空格(P52)Blank verse is prbably ne f the mst cmmn and influential frms f English petry. 【翻译】无韵诗可能是英语诗歌中最常见和最具影响力的形式之一。
blank adj. 空白的； 空的；不理解的；不感兴趣的a blank sheet一张白纸blank walls光秃秃的墙blank expressin木然的表情ne’s mind ges blank脑子里突然一片空白
Suddenly the screen went blank. 屏幕突然变成一片空白。Sign yur name in the blank space belw. 把名字签在下面的空白处。
Write n ne side f the paper and leave the ther side blank. 写在纸的一面，把另一面空出来。Steve lked blank and said he had n idea what I was talking abut. 史蒂夫显得很迷惑，说他不知道我在说什么。
【易混辨析】empty, vacant, hllw, bare与blank都有“空白”之意。(1)empty “空的”，指某物缺少其常有的东西。也可引申为“空洞的，空虚的”。The rm is empty f furniture. (2)vacant “空着的；未被占用的”，常指房子、座位、职位等。The rm is vacant.
(3)hllw “中空的；空心的”，与slid相对。A water pipe is hllw. (4)bare “(房间、柜子等)空的；裸露的；无遮盖的”。a bare rm, bare arm, bare walls(5)blank 表面没有任何东西或表面是空白的，也可引申为“没表情的”。a blank wall, a blank expressin
【答案】(1)a blank page (2)went blank(3)blank expressin
3．sympathetic adj. 同情的；有同情心的；赞同的(P53)In these pems the pet Tagre shws a sympathetic understanding f children’s feelings. 【翻译】在这些诗中，诗人泰戈尔表达了对孩子们感情的同情和理解。
(1)a sympathetic listener一个体恤别人的听众be sympathetic t/twards sb. /sth. 对某人/物同情；赞同、支持某人/某事
(2)sympathy n. 同情； 赞同；支持have n sympathy fr sb. 对某人没有同情心feel/shw/express sympathy fr对某人感到/表现出/表达同情in sympathy with sb. 为支持某人in sympathy with因某事而发生ut f sympathy with不赞成某事
I’m here if yu need a sympathetic ear. 要是你想诉诉苦，那就跟我说吧。I did nt feel at all sympathetic twards Kate. 我对凯特一点也不同情。I have n sympathy fr Jane. It’s all her wn fault. 我不同情简，这全是她自己的错。
I wish he’d shw a little mre sympathy fr these peple. 我希望他对这些人多一点同情。Russian newspapers are largely sympathetic t the president. 俄罗斯报纸大都支持总统。Big flds struck ur village in sympathy with the heavy rain. 因为暴雨不断，大洪水袭击了我们村。
The citizens went n strike in sympathy with (＝t shw their supprt fr) the wrkers. 为表示对工人们的支持，公民们举行了罢工。Many peple stayed ut f sympathy with the strike because it brught much truble t them. 许多人对罢工不表示同情，因为它给他们带来了很多麻烦。
[针对练习]单句语法填空(1)The bss had n sympathy ________ the injured wrker and laid him ff. (2)All the wrkers went n strike ________ sympathy with the senir wrkers wh had been laid ff. (3)The wden building fell ff in sympathy ________ the big fire.
(4)At the meeting mst peple were ut f sympathy ________ new prpsal. (5)Mike is a ________ (sympathy) persn in his daily life. (6)She is never sympathetic ________ thers when they are in truble. 【答案】(1)fr (2)in (3)with (4)with(5)sympathetic (6)t/twards
4．inncence n. 单纯；无罪；天真(P53)The reasn is that they can feel the warmth f lve and enjy the inncence f childhd. 【翻译】因为他们可以感受到爱的温暖，享受童年的纯真。
(1)inncent adj. 天真的；无罪的；纯洁的(2)inncently adv. 天真地；若无其事地；纯洁地；无罪地ask inncently装作若无其事地；满脸无辜地btain/get/receive sth. inncently清白地得到某物
She prtested her inncence. 她一再申明自己是无辜的。They have imprisned an inncent man. 他们监禁了一名无辜的男子。He walked casually int the stre and inncently ffered t buy the cat fr 2 dllars. 他若无其事地走进商店，天真地提出以2美元的价格买下这只猫。
[针对练习]完成句子(1)She was fund ________________ (没有任何罪状). (2)This new evidence will ____________ (证明他们的清白). (3)Children ________________ (失去了天真) as they grw lder. (4)“What d yu mean？” Annie ________________ (若无其事地问道).
【答案】(1)inncent f any crime (2)prve their inncence(3)lst their inncence (4)asked inncently
5．sw vt. &vi. 播种；种(P53)These letters bviusly helped sw the seeds f lve between the tw. 【翻译】这些信件显然在两人之间播下了爱的种子。
(1)swed(过去式), swn/swed过去分词(2)灌输、散布(某个消息)；激起、煽动(某种情感)sw the seeds播种sw dubt in sb. ’s mind使某人心怀疑虑sw cnfusin制造混乱sw the seeds f… 成为……的肇端；播下……的种子(通常用于不愉快的事情)
Farmers sw their seeds in spring. 农民们春天播种。Hw can yu sw truble amng the villagers?你怎么能在村民中制造麻烦呢？Their quarrel swed the seeds f hatred amng the tw families. 他们的争吵在这两个家庭之间中埋下了仇恨的种子。
[针对练习]完成句子(1)His wrds ____________________________ . 他的话让我心存疑虑。(2)The news ________________ amng the citizens. 这种消息在市民中引发了混乱。
(3)His carelessness ________________________ the accident afterwards. 他的粗心为后来的事故埋下了祸根。【答案】(1)swed dubt in my mind(2)swed cnfusin (3)swed the seeds f
6．crrespndence n. 来往信件；通信联系(P53)Brwning fell in lve with her petry and then they entered int persnal crrespndence. 【翻译】勃朗宁爱上了她的诗歌，然后他们开始了私人通信。
(1)persnal/private crrespndences私人来往信件the crrespndence clumn/page (in a newspaper)(报纸上的)读者来信专栏(2)enter int crrespndence with sb. 开始与某人通信keep up a crrespndence保持通信联系be in crrespndence保持通信联系
(3)the crrespndence between A and B A和B之间的关系(4)crrespnd v. 符合；与……一致；相当；通信crrespnd t/with… 与……相符、一致crrespnd t…与……相当；相当于……crrespnd with sb. 与某人通信
We have been in crrespndence fr mnths. 我们通信几个月了。We kept up a crrespndence fr many years. 我们保持了很多年的通信联系。The cpy des nt crrespnd with the riginal. 抄本与原文不符。
The arms f a man crrespnd t the wings f a bird. 人的手臂相当于鸟的翅膀。There is a clse crrespndence between the tw extracts. 这两段摘录如出一辙。The editr welcmes crrespndence frm readers n any subject. 编辑欢迎读者有关任何问题的来信。
I refused t enter int any crrespndence with him abut it. 我拒绝就此问题与他通信联系。If we crrespnd regularly with each ther, we wn’t have been ut f tuch fr years. 若我们常通信，就不会失去联系很多年。
[针对练习]单句语法填空(1)I still keep the persnal ________ (crrespnd) with my wife. (2)We entered ________ crrespndence with each ther in the early 1985．(3)They had been ________ crrespndence fr tw years befre they gt married.
(4)I wasn’t aware f the crrespndence ________ Mike and Jane. (5)These gds d nt crrespnd ________ the list f thse I rdered. (6)Red lines n the map crrespnd ________ majr rads. (7)I want a pen pal t crrespnd ________ . 【答案】(1)crrespndence (2)int (3)in(4)between (5)t/with (6)t (7)with
7．dminant adj. 首要的；占支配地位的；显著的(P53)It was because Barrett’s father was a dminant and selfish man. 【翻译】那是因为巴雷特的父亲是一个独断的、自私的人。
dminance n. 优势；统治；支配dminate vt. 控制；支配；占优势；在……中占主要地位
He tended t dminate the cnversatin. 他往往左右着交谈的内容。As a child, he was dminated by his father. 他小时候由父亲主宰一切。The dminant feature f the rm was the large fireplace. 这间屋子要数那个大壁炉最显眼了。
She always says a lt in meetings, but she desn’t dminate. 她在会上总是滔滔不绝，但她的话没什么影响。The firm has achieved a dminant psitin in the wrld market. 这家公司在国际市场上占有举足轻重的地位。
[针对练习]完成句子(1)Mr Smith is a ________________ in this cmpany. 在这个公司史密斯是非常独断专行的人物。(2)Of all the applicants, Lily has the ________________ ver thers. 在所有的求职者中，李丽有着压倒性的优势。
(3)Frm beginning t end, the match __________________ ur team. 自始至终我们队控制着比赛场上的主动权。【答案】(1)dminant figure/persn(2)dminant advantages(3)was dminated by
1．(P52)It seems incredible t me that the questin f hw best t arrange bks n shelves culd cause a lively nline discussin. 【翻译】在我看来，如何最好地安排书架上的书的问题竟会在网上引起热烈的讨论，这似乎令人难以置信。
【句式剖析】本句中的it是一个形式主语，其后的“seems incredible t me”则是一个系表结构。后面的that引导的从句则是句中真正的主语。
【归纳拓展】(1)it后面的系动词最常用的是be，也可以是seem, appear, lk等。(2)“It is＋形容词＋that从句”这个句型中的代词it在句中是一个形式主语，后面的形容词在句中作表语，而后面的that clause则是一个真正的主语。
(3)出现在这个句型中的形容词通常有：imprtant, necessary, wrng, pssible, impssible, basic, fundamental, vital, natural, cmmn, strange, nrmal等。(4)“it is＋adj. ＋that从句”可以转化为“It is＋adj. ＋fr sb. t d sth. ”
It is impssible that they shuld have finished s much wrk in such a shrt time. ＝It is impssible fr them t have finished s much wrk in such a shrt time. It is quite necessary that each ne f us shuld keep t the traffic rules. ＝It is quite necessary fr each ne f us t keep t the traffic rules.
[针对练习]单句语法填空(1) ________ is impssible that the small by shuld have driven the car t the ther end f the city. (2)It was quite true ________ Mike had gt the first prize in the speech cntest last week.
(3)It is necessary ________ yu t give up smking in rder t keep healthy. (4)It is vital fr us ________ (keep) the envirnment clean. 【答案】(1)It (2)that (3)fr (4)t keep
2．(P53)The reasn is that they can feel the warmth f lve and enjy the inncence f childhd. 【翻译】因为他们可以感受到爱的温暖，享受童年的纯真。【句式剖析】本句中的that引导一个从句，从句在整个句子中作表语。
【归纳拓展】(1)that引导表语从句时，常常用于解释主语的内容。(2)that不在从句中充当任何成分，只起引导从句的作用，但不能省略。
The prblem is that we can’t get the mney we need. 问题是我们不能得到我们所需要的钱。The advantage is that if there is a new illness, sme f these animals may die. 其优点是如果发生了某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死掉。
The drawback f the ppularity f cars is that it brings abut s much air pllutin. 汽车普及的缺点是它带来了严重的空气污染。
[针对练习]完成句子(1)My suggestin is ___________________ (我们明天开一个会议). (2)Their prpsal is ___________________ (在这里修建一座桥梁). (3)The advantage is that ________________ (我们很好地掌握了英语).
【答案】(1)that we hld a meeting tmrrw(2)that a bridge shuld be built here(3)we have a gd cmmand f English
3．(P53)He was brn during the mid-Tang Dynasty, which was a perid f rebuilding and recvery fr the Tang Empire. 【翻译】他出生在唐朝中期，这是唐朝帝国重建和恢复的时期。【句式剖析】本句中的which是一个关系代词，在本句中引导一个非限制性的定语从句，对前面的先行词mid-Tang Dynasty进行一个补充说明。
【归纳拓展】which引导非限制性定语从句时，其用法注意如下三点：(1)非限制性定语从句只对先行词作补充说明，不作限定的作用。(2)其先行词可以是一个词， 也可以是一个句子。(3)非限制性定语从句或它的先行词指物时，只能用which引导这个定语从句，不可用that。
Over time, a lt f sil has been remved, which has caused serius ersin f the land alng the river. 经年累月，大量的泥土被冲走，导致河流两岸严重的水土流失。(a lt f sil has been remved是主句，which has…alng the river是非限制性定语从句，which指代前面一整个句子。)
Mike gt his car stlen last night, which made him very sad. 迈克的汽车昨晚被偷了，这使得他很难过。(本句中的which代指的就是前面“汽车被偷”这件事，其先行词是一个句子，而不是一个名词。)
The bridge, which was built in 1950s, gt destryed in a heavy rain last mnth. 这座桥建于二十世纪五十年代。在上个月的大雨中，它被冲毁了。(在本句中，定语从句对bridge做出一个补充说明，因此，译成中文时，定语从句翻译成另外一个句子，而不译成定语。)
[针对练习]单句语法填空(1)She refused t live with male cranes, and even had a reputatin(名声)fr killing sme f them, ________ made it impssible fr her t becme a mther.
(2)I culd nly have left it n the G9 bus, ________ was nw speeding in the dark t sme unknwn statin. (3)I enjyed sharing my dlls and jkes, ________ allwed me t keep my high scial status. 【答案】(1)which (2)which (3)which
完成句子(4)The little dg lks smart, _______________ (它是我上周买的). (5)The little by did very well in the exam， _________(这使得他的父母很高兴). (6)The pet cat finally returned hme，_________(我上周花了很多钱买的).
【答案】(4)which I bught last week(5)which made his parents very happy(6)which I paid a lt f mney fr
【例句观察】1．The by wh is playing n the grass is my brther. 2．I dn’t knw the reasn why he didn’t help me. 3．Can yu tell me the way in which yu learn English?4．This is the schl where I studied 10 years ag. 5．My brther, wh is an engineer, is thirty-tw.
【我的领悟】一、从句中的关联词语在句中所起的作用有：1．本句中的wh是一个关系 ______，引导后面的定语从句，并在从句中作 ______ 。2．本句中的why是一个关系 ______，引导后面的定语从句，并在从句中作 ______ 。3．本句中的which是一个关系 ______，引导后面的定语从句，并在从句中作 ______ 。
4．本句中的where是一个关系 ______，引导后面的定语从句，并在从句中作 ______ 。5．本句中的wh是一个关系 ______，引导后面的定语从句，并在从句中作 ______ 。Keys：1．代词；主语 2．副词；状语 3．代词；宾语4．副词；状语 5．代词；主语
二、综合上面的句子分析，我们可以看出关系词在句中的作用主要有：1．连接主句和 ________ 。2．代替 ________，以免重复。3．在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。关系 ________ 主要在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。关系副词主要在从句中作 ________ 。Keys：1．从句 2．先行词 3．代词；状语
关系词代替先行词并在定语从句中充当句子成分，所以引导词是由先行词的种类和关系词在定语从中所做的成分决定的。具体地讲，要注意下几个方面：
如何确定定语从句的关系词
一、首先找准先行词一般来说，先行词一看即知，但有时候比较复杂，这时找准先行词便成为解题的关键。1．Is this factry ________ we visited last week?2．Is this the factry ________ we visited last week?A．which B．whereC．whatD．the ne
分析：如果把原句还原成陈述句，第一句为：This factry is ________ we visited last week. 缺少先行词，只有D项才能保持主句结构的完整性，the ne代替this factry。第二句为：This is the factry ________ we visited last week. 先行词为the factry, 引导词在定语从句中作visited的宾语。故选A。
3．I read a funny stry when I was at schl, ________ I still remember clearly. A．whichB．whenC．thatD．where分析：本句的先行词为a funny stry, 先行词和定语从句被时间状语从句“when I was at schl”隔开(这就是所谓的“分隔式定语从句”)，答案为A。如误判先行词为schl, 就易误选D。
二、再确定先行词的种类和关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分1．先行词是人，引导词wh/that。The number f peple wh/that lst hmes reached as many as 250,000．The by (whm/wh/that)we saw yesterday was Jhn’s brther.
2．先行词是物，引导词用which/that。It sunded like a train which/that was ging under my huse. The car (which/that)my uncle had just bught was destryed in the earthquake.
3．先行词是时间(如：day, mnth, year), 引导词在定语从句中作状语时，用when(表示“当……时”)；不作状语(比如宾语)时，用which/ that。I still remember the days when we studied tgether. I still remember the days (which/that)we spent tgether.
4．先行词是地点(如：place, huse), 引导词在定语从句中作状语时，用where(表示“在那里；往那里”)；不作状语(比如宾语)时用which/ that。This is the place where we wrked last year. This is the place (which/that) we visited last year.
5．先行词是人或物，引导词如果在定语从句中作定语(表示“……人/物的”)，用whse。We fund the by whse father is a dctr. The tree whse leaves are yellw is dying sn.
6．先行词是the reasn, 引导词如果在定语从句中作状语时，用why(表示“为什么”)，不作状语(比如宾语)时，用which/ that。The reasn why he didn’t cme is nt knwn. The reasn (which/that) he tld us is reasnable.
7．先行词是the way(方法)，引导词如果在定语从句中作状语时，用in which/that，千万不要用hw；不作状语(比如宾语)时，用which/ that。I want t knw the way (in which/that)yu learn English. 8．先行词是整个主句时，用which/as引导非限制性从句。He married her, which/as was natural.
【易混辨析】which和as引导非限制性定语从句时有区别。1．(位置上)as从句可以放在句首、句中和句尾，而which从句不能放在句首。As we had seen, ceans cver mre than 70% percent f the earth.
2．(词义上)as有“正如，好像”之义，习惯上常与表示感知的动词或形容词连用，多构成固定表达，常见的有：As is well knwn，As we knw, As was expected等。而which(这时表示“这”或“这一点”)引导的非限制性定语从句无此惯例。As is knwn t us, the mn ges rund the earth. Jack came late fr schl，which made his teacher angry.
三、特殊情况1．只能用that的情况(1)先行词是不定代词(如：all, everything, nthing, anything, little, much, few, any，nne等)或先行词被all, nly, every, n, sme, any, little, few, very(恰好，正是)等修饰时。(2)先行词既有人又有物时。He talked abut the peples and the cuntries that he had seen.
(3)先行词是序数词，形容词的最高级或被序数词，形容词的最高级(包括first, last)修饰时。The first thing that we shuld d is t wrk ut a plan. He was the secnd (persn) that tld me the secret. He is ne f the richest that live in this area. This is the best bk that I have read this year.
(4)关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。Our village is n lnger the place that it used t be. (5)主句是以wh/ that开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是疑问代词wh时(以免重复)。Which is the rm that Mr Wang lives in?Wh that has seen his wrks desn’t admire him?
(6)被the same修饰的先行词后只用that而不用wh或which. Yesterday I met the same scientist that yu met last year. I fund the same bk that he lent t me yesterday.
2．不能用that的情况(1)引导词在定语从句中作介词宾语且置于该介词之后时，先行词如果是人用whm，先行词如果是物则用which，并且whm和which都不可以省略。The persn at whm the bys are laughing is my brther. The rm in which we live is very clean.
注意：①将介词移至定语从句中或句尾时，whm可换用wh或that也可省去；which可换用that也可省去。The man (whm/wh/that)I spke t just nw is ur manager. The day (which/that)she arrived n was Wednesday.
②在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，动词和介词不可分割，一旦分割开，意思就发生了改变。This is the pen which I’m lking fr. (√)不能变成This is the pen fr which I’m lking. (×)
(2)在非限制性定语从句中。The sun, which is very ht, gives a lt f energy t man. (3)先行词是that时(以免重复)。What’s that which is mving n the table?
3．只能用as的情况先行词是the same, such或被the same, such, as修饰时，引导词只能用as(构成the same…as，such…as和as…as等结构)。Such students as yu have mentined shuld be criticized. I have the same truble in prnunciatin as yu (have).
Pllutin is such a big prblem as cncerns the whle mankind. We have repaired the machine (in)the same way as they (have). He knws as many peple as are present at the meeting.
注意：先行词被the same修饰，可以跟as，也可以跟that作关系代词，但是意义有区别。比较：That’s the same watch as I lst yesterday. 那块手表和我的昨天丢的相似。(不是同一块)That’s the same watch that I lst yesterday. 那就是我昨天丢的手表。(同一块)
四、关系词的省略1．关系词在定语从句中作及物动词的宾语时，或者作介词的宾语且介词放在句尾时，可以省略。The by (whm/wh/that) we saw yesterday was Jhn. Is this the cmputer rm (which/that) yu wrk in?2．引导词that在定语从句中作表语时可以省略。The city is nt the ne (that) it was ten years ag.
五、引导词的转换1．当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词(如：time, mrning, day, the place, huse, the reasn等)，而且关系词又在定语从句中作状语时，一般使用when，where，why，也可以换成相应的“介词＋关系代词”。具体如下：when＝at/in/n/during…which(时间状语)where＝at/in…which(地点状语)why＝fr which(原因状语)
I sill remember the year when (＝in which) I wrked with Mr Smith. He has a small garden where (＝in which) trees may be planted. We didn’t knw the reasn why (＝fr which) he was late again.
注意：①用f短语修饰的名词前应带the，而whse修饰的名词前则不用冠词。②f短语放在被修饰的名词的前后均可，而whse只能放在名词前。
一、用适当的引导词填空1．The lazy by wn the first prize in the cmpetitin, ________ was mre than we culd expect. 2．Whenever I met her, ________ was fairly ften, I liked her sweet and hpeful smile. 3．She is such a gd teacher ________ we all lve and respect.
4．The hurs ________ the children spent in their ne-way relatinship with televisin peple undubtedly affect their relatinships with real life peple. 5．Mre and mre peple are learning English, the imprtance f ________ has drawn much attentin f the public. 6．I met a grup f freigners yesterday, three f ________ were frm Germany.
7．D yu knw the gentleman with ________ ur president is shaking hands?8．His grandfather wrte a lt f instructive stries fr children, f ________ this is ne example. 9．Thugh it is reasnable fr the directr t educate his staff, I dn’t like the way in ________ he spke t us. 10．Our guests haven’t turned up yet because the train n ________ they are traveling is late.
11．The freign guests will be shwn arund schls, factries, hspitals and sme ther places, ________ ther visitrs seldm g. 12．There was a time in my life ________ I hated t g t schl because I didn’t get n well with my classmates. 13．The picture ften reminds me the happy hurs time and time again ________ I was playing happily with my friends during the hlidays.
14．Culd yu tell me the reasn ________ yu were late fr yur wrk yesterday?15．Three divers were t dive t the place ________ lay the sunken ship s as t get sme infrmatin abut the ship. 【答案】1．which 2．as 3．as 4．which/that 5．which 6．whm 7．whm 8．which 9．which 10．which 11．where 12．when 13．when 14．why 15．where
二、易混句练习1．This is the factry ________ we visited last year. This is the factry ________ we wrked tgether last year. 2．I dn’t knw the reasn ________ he didn’t d his hmewrk. I dn’t knw the reasn ________ he tld yu just nw.
3．I still remember the days ________ we wrked tgether in Beijing. I still remember the days ________ we spent tgether in Beijing. 4．Last week we paid a visit t the schl ________ I studied ten years ag. Last week we paid a visit t the schl ________ I studied in ten years ag.
5．D yu knw the by ________ father is the headmaster f this schl?D yu knw the by ________ tk me t see the headmaster f this schl?【答案】1．which/that; where 2．why; which/that3．when; which/that 4．where; which/that5．whse; wh/that
Ⅰ．单词拼写1．There are tw bk ________ (架子) in my rm, where I keep many bks. 2．Culd yu please give me sme ________ (空白的) papers t write n?3．Tw ________ (平民) were killed in the bmb explsin in the city last week.
4．She is nt ________ (同情的) twards the pr peple thugh she used t be pr befre. 5．There is still anther ________ (版本) abut the same stry. 6．The little by always asks his parents sme ________ (天真的) questins. 7．They kept ________ (通信) with each ther fr three years befre getting married.
8．Farmers ________ (播种) their crps in the early spring and harvest their crps in autumn. 9．Mr Green is a very ________ (独断的) figure in this cmpany. 10．If yu put the ________ (果核) in the earth, sn a yung plant will grw ut f the earth.
【答案】1．shelves 2．blank 3．civilians4．sympathetic 5．versin 6．inncent7．crrespnding 8．sw 9．dminant 10．cre
Ⅱ．短语填空quite a few, at the apprach f, in spite f, in laughter, attract the admiratin f, fall in lve with, be sure abut, carry ut, have influence n, have sympathy n1．As a famus medical expert, Zhng Nanshan ________ ______ the peple all ver the cuntry. 2．This kind f Chinese herb ________________ the viruses and can cure peple f such disease.
3．The wealthy businessman ________________ the hmeless peple and ften ffers them sme fd. 4．These peple are all ________________ and they seem t be satisfied with their wrking cnditins. 5．I’ll ________________ my prmise since I have prmised t help yu with the experiment. 6．___________________ his shrtcmings and drawbacks, the by is still regarded as a gd student at schl.
7．Yu must ________________ every step f yur presentatin when yu hst the evening party. 8．All kinds f flwers cme ut ________________ spring, and everything lks s beautiful here. 9．___________________ students have asked me abut this prblem, s I’ll explain it again tmrrw. 10．The yung cuple ________________ each ther at the first sight and sn gt married.
【答案】1．attracts the admiratin f 2．has influence n3．has sympathy n 4．in laughter 5．carry ut6．In spite f 7．be sure abut 8．at the apprach f9．Quite a few 10．fell in lve with
Ⅲ．课文原句填空1．___________________ the questin f hw best t arrange bks n shelves culd cause a lively nline discussin. 在我看来，如何最好地安排书架上的书的问题竟会在网上引起热烈的讨论，这似乎令人难以置信。
2．The reasn is ________ they can feel the warmth f lve and enjy the ________________ . 因为他们可以感受到爱的温暖，享受童年的纯真。3．He was brn during the mid-Tang Dynasty, ________ ________ f rebuilding and recvery fr the Tang Empire. 他出生在唐朝中期，这是唐朝帝国重建和恢复的时期。
4．The purpse f literary criticism is ________________ t the cre f the text and discver that message the authr is attempting t cnvey. 文学批评的目的就是要触及文章的核心，发现作者试图表达出来的信息。
5．___________________ is prbably ne f the mst cmmn and influential frms f English petry. 无韵诗可能是英语诗歌中最常见和最具影响力的形式之一。6．In these pems the pet Tagre ________________ f the children’s feelings. 在这些诗中，诗人泰戈尔表达了对孩子们感情的同情和理解。
7．Brwning ________________ her petry and then they entered int persnal crrespndence. 勃朗宁爱上了她的诗歌，然后他们开始了私人通信。【答案】1．It seems incredible t me that2．that; inncence f childhd 3．which was a perid4．t get 5．Blank verse6．shws a sympathetic understanding7．fell in lve with
1．好些；许多____________________2．被要求做某事____________________3．随着……的临近____________________4．尽管____________________5．在玩耍____________________6．在休息____________________7．在欢笑____________________
quite a few be required t d sth. at the apprach f… in spite f at play at rest in laughter
8．在哭泣____________________9．引起某人的赞赏____________________10．爱上____________________11．确信某事____________________12．说服某人做某事____________________13．执行；履行____________________14．对……有影响____________________15．与某人相爱____________________
in tears attract ne’s admiratin fall in lve with be sure abut sth. cnvince sb. t d sth. carry ut have influence n… be in lve with sb.
1．It seems incredible t me ________ the questin f hw best t arrange bks n shelves culd cause a lively nline discussin. 在我看来，如何最好地安排书架上的书的问题竟会在网上引起热烈的讨论，这似乎令人难以置信。
2．The reasn is ________ they can feel the warmth f lve and enjy the inncence f childhd. 因为他们可以感受到爱的温暖，享受童年的纯真。3．He was brn during the mid-Tang Dynasty, ________ was a perid f rebuilding and recvery fr the Tang Empire. 他出生在唐朝中期，这是唐朝帝国重建和恢复的时期。【答案】1．that 2．that 3．which
复习定语从句(Review f relative clauses)1．This is the lab ________ was built last year. 2．Yu must watch carefully everything ________ the teacher shws in class. 3．This is the very bk ________ I am lking fr. 4．Which is the bk ________ yu want?
5．They talked abut the peple and the things ________ they can remember. 6．___________ yu knw, Lily is an excellent student in this class. 7．He is a gd cmrade(伙伴), ________ makes us happy. 8．I have the same clthes ________ yu have.
9．I have never seen such an interesting film ________ this ne is. 10．This is the dctr f ________ we usually hear. 【答案】1．which/that 2．that 3．that 4．that 5．that 6．As 7．which 8．as 9．as 10．whm
1．cre n. 核心；精髓；(水果的)核儿(P52)The purpse f literary criticism is t get t the cre f the text and discver what message the authr is attempting t cnvey. 【翻译】文学批评的目的就是要触及文章的核心，发现作者试图表达出来的信息。
cre f the apple苹果核the earth’s cre 地核the cre f the argument争论的核心t the cre直至核心；十足；透顶
She was shaken t the cre by the news. 这消息使她大为震惊。The by ate the apple and threw the cre away. 男孩吃了苹果，把核扔掉了。Cncern fr the envirnment is at the cre f ur plicies. 对环境的关注是我们政策的核心。
[针对练习]完成句子(1)The ________________ jujubes are t hard t digest. 枣子核太硬，不能消化。(2)She is ________________ . 她是这个队的核心成员。
(3)He’s a plitician ________________ . 他是个十足的政客。【答案】(1)cres f (2)the cre f the team(3)t the cre
2．blank adj. 空白的；无图画(或韵律、装饰)的；没表情的n. 空白；空格(P52)Blank verse is prbably ne f the mst cmmn and influential frms f English petry. 【翻译】无韵诗可能是英语诗歌中最常见和最具影响力的形式之一。
blank adj. 空白的； 空的；不理解的；不感兴趣的a blank sheet一张白纸blank walls光秃秃的墙blank expressin木然的表情ne’s mind ges blank脑子里突然一片空白
Suddenly the screen went blank. 屏幕突然变成一片空白。Sign yur name in the blank space belw. 把名字签在下面的空白处。
Write n ne side f the paper and leave the ther side blank. 写在纸的一面，把另一面空出来。Steve lked blank and said he had n idea what I was talking abut. 史蒂夫显得很迷惑，说他不知道我在说什么。
【易混辨析】empty, vacant, hllw, bare与blank都有“空白”之意。(1)empty “空的”，指某物缺少其常有的东西。也可引申为“空洞的，空虚的”。The rm is empty f furniture. (2)vacant “空着的；未被占用的”，常指房子、座位、职位等。The rm is vacant.
(3)hllw “中空的；空心的”，与slid相对。A water pipe is hllw. (4)bare “(房间、柜子等)空的；裸露的；无遮盖的”。a bare rm, bare arm, bare walls(5)blank 表面没有任何东西或表面是空白的，也可引申为“没表情的”。a blank wall, a blank expressin
【答案】(1)a blank page (2)went blank(3)blank expressin
3．sympathetic adj. 同情的；有同情心的；赞同的(P53)In these pems the pet Tagre shws a sympathetic understanding f children’s feelings. 【翻译】在这些诗中，诗人泰戈尔表达了对孩子们感情的同情和理解。
(1)a sympathetic listener一个体恤别人的听众be sympathetic t/twards sb. /sth. 对某人/物同情；赞同、支持某人/某事
(2)sympathy n. 同情； 赞同；支持have n sympathy fr sb. 对某人没有同情心feel/shw/express sympathy fr对某人感到/表现出/表达同情in sympathy with sb. 为支持某人in sympathy with因某事而发生ut f sympathy with不赞成某事
I’m here if yu need a sympathetic ear. 要是你想诉诉苦，那就跟我说吧。I did nt feel at all sympathetic twards Kate. 我对凯特一点也不同情。I have n sympathy fr Jane. It’s all her wn fault. 我不同情简，这全是她自己的错。
I wish he’d shw a little mre sympathy fr these peple. 我希望他对这些人多一点同情。Russian newspapers are largely sympathetic t the president. 俄罗斯报纸大都支持总统。Big flds struck ur village in sympathy with the heavy rain. 因为暴雨不断，大洪水袭击了我们村。
The citizens went n strike in sympathy with (＝t shw their supprt fr) the wrkers. 为表示对工人们的支持，公民们举行了罢工。Many peple stayed ut f sympathy with the strike because it brught much truble t them. 许多人对罢工不表示同情，因为它给他们带来了很多麻烦。
[针对练习]单句语法填空(1)The bss had n sympathy ________ the injured wrker and laid him ff. (2)All the wrkers went n strike ________ sympathy with the senir wrkers wh had been laid ff. (3)The wden building fell ff in sympathy ________ the big fire.
(4)At the meeting mst peple were ut f sympathy ________ new prpsal. (5)Mike is a ________ (sympathy) persn in his daily life. (6)She is never sympathetic ________ thers when they are in truble. 【答案】(1)fr (2)in (3)with (4)with(5)sympathetic (6)t/twards
4．inncence n. 单纯；无罪；天真(P53)The reasn is that they can feel the warmth f lve and enjy the inncence f childhd. 【翻译】因为他们可以感受到爱的温暖，享受童年的纯真。
(1)inncent adj. 天真的；无罪的；纯洁的(2)inncently adv. 天真地；若无其事地；纯洁地；无罪地ask inncently装作若无其事地；满脸无辜地btain/get/receive sth. inncently清白地得到某物
She prtested her inncence. 她一再申明自己是无辜的。They have imprisned an inncent man. 他们监禁了一名无辜的男子。He walked casually int the stre and inncently ffered t buy the cat fr 2 dllars. 他若无其事地走进商店，天真地提出以2美元的价格买下这只猫。
[针对练习]完成句子(1)She was fund ________________ (没有任何罪状). (2)This new evidence will ____________ (证明他们的清白). (3)Children ________________ (失去了天真) as they grw lder. (4)“What d yu mean？” Annie ________________ (若无其事地问道).
【答案】(1)inncent f any crime (2)prve their inncence(3)lst their inncence (4)asked inncently
5．sw vt. &vi. 播种；种(P53)These letters bviusly helped sw the seeds f lve between the tw. 【翻译】这些信件显然在两人之间播下了爱的种子。
(1)swed(过去式), swn/swed过去分词(2)灌输、散布(某个消息)；激起、煽动(某种情感)sw the seeds播种sw dubt in sb. ’s mind使某人心怀疑虑sw cnfusin制造混乱sw the seeds f… 成为……的肇端；播下……的种子(通常用于不愉快的事情)
Farmers sw their seeds in spring. 农民们春天播种。Hw can yu sw truble amng the villagers?你怎么能在村民中制造麻烦呢？Their quarrel swed the seeds f hatred amng the tw families. 他们的争吵在这两个家庭之间中埋下了仇恨的种子。
[针对练习]完成句子(1)His wrds ____________________________ . 他的话让我心存疑虑。(2)The news ________________ amng the citizens. 这种消息在市民中引发了混乱。
(3)His carelessness ________________________ the accident afterwards. 他的粗心为后来的事故埋下了祸根。【答案】(1)swed dubt in my mind(2)swed cnfusin (3)swed the seeds f
6．crrespndence n. 来往信件；通信联系(P53)Brwning fell in lve with her petry and then they entered int persnal crrespndence. 【翻译】勃朗宁爱上了她的诗歌，然后他们开始了私人通信。
(1)persnal/private crrespndences私人来往信件the crrespndence clumn/page (in a newspaper)(报纸上的)读者来信专栏(2)enter int crrespndence with sb. 开始与某人通信keep up a crrespndence保持通信联系be in crrespndence保持通信联系
(3)the crrespndence between A and B A和B之间的关系(4)crrespnd v. 符合；与……一致；相当；通信crrespnd t/with… 与……相符、一致crrespnd t…与……相当；相当于……crrespnd with sb. 与某人通信
We have been in crrespndence fr mnths. 我们通信几个月了。We kept up a crrespndence fr many years. 我们保持了很多年的通信联系。The cpy des nt crrespnd with the riginal. 抄本与原文不符。
The arms f a man crrespnd t the wings f a bird. 人的手臂相当于鸟的翅膀。There is a clse crrespndence between the tw extracts. 这两段摘录如出一辙。The editr welcmes crrespndence frm readers n any subject. 编辑欢迎读者有关任何问题的来信。
I refused t enter int any crrespndence with him abut it. 我拒绝就此问题与他通信联系。If we crrespnd regularly with each ther, we wn’t have been ut f tuch fr years. 若我们常通信，就不会失去联系很多年。
[针对练习]单句语法填空(1)I still keep the persnal ________ (crrespnd) with my wife. (2)We entered ________ crrespndence with each ther in the early 1985．(3)They had been ________ crrespndence fr tw years befre they gt married.
(4)I wasn’t aware f the crrespndence ________ Mike and Jane. (5)These gds d nt crrespnd ________ the list f thse I rdered. (6)Red lines n the map crrespnd ________ majr rads. (7)I want a pen pal t crrespnd ________ . 【答案】(1)crrespndence (2)int (3)in(4)between (5)t/with (6)t (7)with
7．dminant adj. 首要的；占支配地位的；显著的(P53)It was because Barrett’s father was a dminant and selfish man. 【翻译】那是因为巴雷特的父亲是一个独断的、自私的人。
dminance n. 优势；统治；支配dminate vt. 控制；支配；占优势；在……中占主要地位
He tended t dminate the cnversatin. 他往往左右着交谈的内容。As a child, he was dminated by his father. 他小时候由父亲主宰一切。The dminant feature f the rm was the large fireplace. 这间屋子要数那个大壁炉最显眼了。
She always says a lt in meetings, but she desn’t dminate. 她在会上总是滔滔不绝，但她的话没什么影响。The firm has achieved a dminant psitin in the wrld market. 这家公司在国际市场上占有举足轻重的地位。
[针对练习]完成句子(1)Mr Smith is a ________________ in this cmpany. 在这个公司史密斯是非常独断专行的人物。(2)Of all the applicants, Lily has the ________________ ver thers. 在所有的求职者中，李丽有着压倒性的优势。
(3)Frm beginning t end, the match __________________ ur team. 自始至终我们队控制着比赛场上的主动权。【答案】(1)dminant figure/persn(2)dminant advantages(3)was dminated by
1．(P52)It seems incredible t me that the questin f hw best t arrange bks n shelves culd cause a lively nline discussin. 【翻译】在我看来，如何最好地安排书架上的书的问题竟会在网上引起热烈的讨论，这似乎令人难以置信。
【句式剖析】本句中的it是一个形式主语，其后的“seems incredible t me”则是一个系表结构。后面的that引导的从句则是句中真正的主语。
【归纳拓展】(1)it后面的系动词最常用的是be，也可以是seem, appear, lk等。(2)“It is＋形容词＋that从句”这个句型中的代词it在句中是一个形式主语，后面的形容词在句中作表语，而后面的that clause则是一个真正的主语。
(3)出现在这个句型中的形容词通常有：imprtant, necessary, wrng, pssible, impssible, basic, fundamental, vital, natural, cmmn, strange, nrmal等。(4)“it is＋adj. ＋that从句”可以转化为“It is＋adj. ＋fr sb. t d sth. ”
It is impssible that they shuld have finished s much wrk in such a shrt time. ＝It is impssible fr them t have finished s much wrk in such a shrt time. It is quite necessary that each ne f us shuld keep t the traffic rules. ＝It is quite necessary fr each ne f us t keep t the traffic rules.
[针对练习]单句语法填空(1) ________ is impssible that the small by shuld have driven the car t the ther end f the city. (2)It was quite true ________ Mike had gt the first prize in the speech cntest last week.
(3)It is necessary ________ yu t give up smking in rder t keep healthy. (4)It is vital fr us ________ (keep) the envirnment clean. 【答案】(1)It (2)that (3)fr (4)t keep
2．(P53)The reasn is that they can feel the warmth f lve and enjy the inncence f childhd. 【翻译】因为他们可以感受到爱的温暖，享受童年的纯真。【句式剖析】本句中的that引导一个从句，从句在整个句子中作表语。
【归纳拓展】(1)that引导表语从句时，常常用于解释主语的内容。(2)that不在从句中充当任何成分，只起引导从句的作用，但不能省略。
The prblem is that we can’t get the mney we need. 问题是我们不能得到我们所需要的钱。The advantage is that if there is a new illness, sme f these animals may die. 其优点是如果发生了某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死掉。
The drawback f the ppularity f cars is that it brings abut s much air pllutin. 汽车普及的缺点是它带来了严重的空气污染。
[针对练习]完成句子(1)My suggestin is ___________________ (我们明天开一个会议). (2)Their prpsal is ___________________ (在这里修建一座桥梁). (3)The advantage is that ________________ (我们很好地掌握了英语).
【答案】(1)that we hld a meeting tmrrw(2)that a bridge shuld be built here(3)we have a gd cmmand f English
3．(P53)He was brn during the mid-Tang Dynasty, which was a perid f rebuilding and recvery fr the Tang Empire. 【翻译】他出生在唐朝中期，这是唐朝帝国重建和恢复的时期。【句式剖析】本句中的which是一个关系代词，在本句中引导一个非限制性的定语从句，对前面的先行词mid-Tang Dynasty进行一个补充说明。
【归纳拓展】which引导非限制性定语从句时，其用法注意如下三点：(1)非限制性定语从句只对先行词作补充说明，不作限定的作用。(2)其先行词可以是一个词， 也可以是一个句子。(3)非限制性定语从句或它的先行词指物时，只能用which引导这个定语从句，不可用that。
Over time, a lt f sil has been remved, which has caused serius ersin f the land alng the river. 经年累月，大量的泥土被冲走，导致河流两岸严重的水土流失。(a lt f sil has been remved是主句，which has…alng the river是非限制性定语从句，which指代前面一整个句子。)
Mike gt his car stlen last night, which made him very sad. 迈克的汽车昨晚被偷了，这使得他很难过。(本句中的which代指的就是前面“汽车被偷”这件事，其先行词是一个句子，而不是一个名词。)
The bridge, which was built in 1950s, gt destryed in a heavy rain last mnth. 这座桥建于二十世纪五十年代。在上个月的大雨中，它被冲毁了。(在本句中，定语从句对bridge做出一个补充说明，因此，译成中文时，定语从句翻译成另外一个句子，而不译成定语。)
[针对练习]单句语法填空(1)She refused t live with male cranes, and even had a reputatin(名声)fr killing sme f them, ________ made it impssible fr her t becme a mther.
(2)I culd nly have left it n the G9 bus, ________ was nw speeding in the dark t sme unknwn statin. (3)I enjyed sharing my dlls and jkes, ________ allwed me t keep my high scial status. 【答案】(1)which (2)which (3)which
完成句子(4)The little dg lks smart, _______________ (它是我上周买的). (5)The little by did very well in the exam， _________(这使得他的父母很高兴). (6)The pet cat finally returned hme，_________(我上周花了很多钱买的).
【答案】(4)which I bught last week(5)which made his parents very happy(6)which I paid a lt f mney fr
【例句观察】1．The by wh is playing n the grass is my brther. 2．I dn’t knw the reasn why he didn’t help me. 3．Can yu tell me the way in which yu learn English?4．This is the schl where I studied 10 years ag. 5．My brther, wh is an engineer, is thirty-tw.
【我的领悟】一、从句中的关联词语在句中所起的作用有：1．本句中的wh是一个关系 ______，引导后面的定语从句，并在从句中作 ______ 。2．本句中的why是一个关系 ______，引导后面的定语从句，并在从句中作 ______ 。3．本句中的which是一个关系 ______，引导后面的定语从句，并在从句中作 ______ 。
4．本句中的where是一个关系 ______，引导后面的定语从句，并在从句中作 ______ 。5．本句中的wh是一个关系 ______，引导后面的定语从句，并在从句中作 ______ 。Keys：1．代词；主语 2．副词；状语 3．代词；宾语4．副词；状语 5．代词；主语
二、综合上面的句子分析，我们可以看出关系词在句中的作用主要有：1．连接主句和 ________ 。2．代替 ________，以免重复。3．在定语从句中充当一定的句子成分。关系 ________ 主要在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。关系副词主要在从句中作 ________ 。Keys：1．从句 2．先行词 3．代词；状语
关系词代替先行词并在定语从句中充当句子成分，所以引导词是由先行词的种类和关系词在定语从中所做的成分决定的。具体地讲，要注意下几个方面：
如何确定定语从句的关系词
一、首先找准先行词一般来说，先行词一看即知，但有时候比较复杂，这时找准先行词便成为解题的关键。1．Is this factry ________ we visited last week?2．Is this the factry ________ we visited last week?A．which B．whereC．whatD．the ne
分析：如果把原句还原成陈述句，第一句为：This factry is ________ we visited last week. 缺少先行词，只有D项才能保持主句结构的完整性，the ne代替this factry。第二句为：This is the factry ________ we visited last week. 先行词为the factry, 引导词在定语从句中作visited的宾语。故选A。
3．I read a funny stry when I was at schl, ________ I still remember clearly. A．whichB．whenC．thatD．where分析：本句的先行词为a funny stry, 先行词和定语从句被时间状语从句“when I was at schl”隔开(这就是所谓的“分隔式定语从句”)，答案为A。如误判先行词为schl, 就易误选D。
二、再确定先行词的种类和关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分1．先行词是人，引导词wh/that。The number f peple wh/that lst hmes reached as many as 250,000．The by (whm/wh/that)we saw yesterday was Jhn’s brther.
2．先行词是物，引导词用which/that。It sunded like a train which/that was ging under my huse. The car (which/that)my uncle had just bught was destryed in the earthquake.
3．先行词是时间(如：day, mnth, year), 引导词在定语从句中作状语时，用when(表示“当……时”)；不作状语(比如宾语)时，用which/ that。I still remember the days when we studied tgether. I still remember the days (which/that)we spent tgether.
4．先行词是地点(如：place, huse), 引导词在定语从句中作状语时，用where(表示“在那里；往那里”)；不作状语(比如宾语)时用which/ that。This is the place where we wrked last year. This is the place (which/that) we visited last year.
5．先行词是人或物，引导词如果在定语从句中作定语(表示“……人/物的”)，用whse。We fund the by whse father is a dctr. The tree whse leaves are yellw is dying sn.
6．先行词是the reasn, 引导词如果在定语从句中作状语时，用why(表示“为什么”)，不作状语(比如宾语)时，用which/ that。The reasn why he didn’t cme is nt knwn. The reasn (which/that) he tld us is reasnable.
7．先行词是the way(方法)，引导词如果在定语从句中作状语时，用in which/that，千万不要用hw；不作状语(比如宾语)时，用which/ that。I want t knw the way (in which/that)yu learn English. 8．先行词是整个主句时，用which/as引导非限制性从句。He married her, which/as was natural.
【易混辨析】which和as引导非限制性定语从句时有区别。1．(位置上)as从句可以放在句首、句中和句尾，而which从句不能放在句首。As we had seen, ceans cver mre than 70% percent f the earth.
2．(词义上)as有“正如，好像”之义，习惯上常与表示感知的动词或形容词连用，多构成固定表达，常见的有：As is well knwn，As we knw, As was expected等。而which(这时表示“这”或“这一点”)引导的非限制性定语从句无此惯例。As is knwn t us, the mn ges rund the earth. Jack came late fr schl，which made his teacher angry.
三、特殊情况1．只能用that的情况(1)先行词是不定代词(如：all, everything, nthing, anything, little, much, few, any，nne等)或先行词被all, nly, every, n, sme, any, little, few, very(恰好，正是)等修饰时。(2)先行词既有人又有物时。He talked abut the peples and the cuntries that he had seen.
(3)先行词是序数词，形容词的最高级或被序数词，形容词的最高级(包括first, last)修饰时。The first thing that we shuld d is t wrk ut a plan. He was the secnd (persn) that tld me the secret. He is ne f the richest that live in this area. This is the best bk that I have read this year.
(4)关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。Our village is n lnger the place that it used t be. (5)主句是以wh/ that开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是疑问代词wh时(以免重复)。Which is the rm that Mr Wang lives in?Wh that has seen his wrks desn’t admire him?
(6)被the same修饰的先行词后只用that而不用wh或which. Yesterday I met the same scientist that yu met last year. I fund the same bk that he lent t me yesterday.
2．不能用that的情况(1)引导词在定语从句中作介词宾语且置于该介词之后时，先行词如果是人用whm，先行词如果是物则用which，并且whm和which都不可以省略。The persn at whm the bys are laughing is my brther. The rm in which we live is very clean.
注意：①将介词移至定语从句中或句尾时，whm可换用wh或that也可省去；which可换用that也可省去。The man (whm/wh/that)I spke t just nw is ur manager. The day (which/that)she arrived n was Wednesday.
②在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，动词和介词不可分割，一旦分割开，意思就发生了改变。This is the pen which I’m lking fr. (√)不能变成This is the pen fr which I’m lking. (×)
(2)在非限制性定语从句中。The sun, which is very ht, gives a lt f energy t man. (3)先行词是that时(以免重复)。What’s that which is mving n the table?
3．只能用as的情况先行词是the same, such或被the same, such, as修饰时，引导词只能用as(构成the same…as，such…as和as…as等结构)。Such students as yu have mentined shuld be criticized. I have the same truble in prnunciatin as yu (have).
Pllutin is such a big prblem as cncerns the whle mankind. We have repaired the machine (in)the same way as they (have). He knws as many peple as are present at the meeting.
注意：先行词被the same修饰，可以跟as，也可以跟that作关系代词，但是意义有区别。比较：That’s the same watch as I lst yesterday. 那块手表和我的昨天丢的相似。(不是同一块)That’s the same watch that I lst yesterday. 那就是我昨天丢的手表。(同一块)
四、关系词的省略1．关系词在定语从句中作及物动词的宾语时，或者作介词的宾语且介词放在句尾时，可以省略。The by (whm/wh/that) we saw yesterday was Jhn. Is this the cmputer rm (which/that) yu wrk in?2．引导词that在定语从句中作表语时可以省略。The city is nt the ne (that) it was ten years ag.
五、引导词的转换1．当先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词(如：time, mrning, day, the place, huse, the reasn等)，而且关系词又在定语从句中作状语时，一般使用when，where，why，也可以换成相应的“介词＋关系代词”。具体如下：when＝at/in/n/during…which(时间状语)where＝at/in…which(地点状语)why＝fr which(原因状语)
I sill remember the year when (＝in which) I wrked with Mr Smith. He has a small garden where (＝in which) trees may be planted. We didn’t knw the reasn why (＝fr which) he was late again.
注意：①用f短语修饰的名词前应带the，而whse修饰的名词前则不用冠词。②f短语放在被修饰的名词的前后均可，而whse只能放在名词前。
一、用适当的引导词填空1．The lazy by wn the first prize in the cmpetitin, ________ was mre than we culd expect. 2．Whenever I met her, ________ was fairly ften, I liked her sweet and hpeful smile. 3．She is such a gd teacher ________ we all lve and respect.
4．The hurs ________ the children spent in their ne-way relatinship with televisin peple undubtedly affect their relatinships with real life peple. 5．Mre and mre peple are learning English, the imprtance f ________ has drawn much attentin f the public. 6．I met a grup f freigners yesterday, three f ________ were frm Germany.
7．D yu knw the gentleman with ________ ur president is shaking hands?8．His grandfather wrte a lt f instructive stries fr children, f ________ this is ne example. 9．Thugh it is reasnable fr the directr t educate his staff, I dn’t like the way in ________ he spke t us. 10．Our guests haven’t turned up yet because the train n ________ they are traveling is late.
11．The freign guests will be shwn arund schls, factries, hspitals and sme ther places, ________ ther visitrs seldm g. 12．There was a time in my life ________ I hated t g t schl because I didn’t get n well with my classmates. 13．The picture ften reminds me the happy hurs time and time again ________ I was playing happily with my friends during the hlidays.
14．Culd yu tell me the reasn ________ yu were late fr yur wrk yesterday?15．Three divers were t dive t the place ________ lay the sunken ship s as t get sme infrmatin abut the ship. 【答案】1．which 2．as 3．as 4．which/that 5．which 6．whm 7．whm 8．which 9．which 10．which 11．where 12．when 13．when 14．why 15．where
二、易混句练习1．This is the factry ________ we visited last year. This is the factry ________ we wrked tgether last year. 2．I dn’t knw the reasn ________ he didn’t d his hmewrk. I dn’t knw the reasn ________ he tld yu just nw.
3．I still remember the days ________ we wrked tgether in Beijing. I still remember the days ________ we spent tgether in Beijing. 4．Last week we paid a visit t the schl ________ I studied ten years ag. Last week we paid a visit t the schl ________ I studied in ten years ag.
5．D yu knw the by ________ father is the headmaster f this schl?D yu knw the by ________ tk me t see the headmaster f this schl?【答案】1．which/that; where 2．why; which/that3．when; which/that 4．where; which/that5．whse; wh/that
Ⅰ．单词拼写1．There are tw bk ________ (架子) in my rm, where I keep many bks. 2．Culd yu please give me sme ________ (空白的) papers t write n?3．Tw ________ (平民) were killed in the bmb explsin in the city last week.
4．She is nt ________ (同情的) twards the pr peple thugh she used t be pr befre. 5．There is still anther ________ (版本) abut the same stry. 6．The little by always asks his parents sme ________ (天真的) questins. 7．They kept ________ (通信) with each ther fr three years befre getting married.
8．Farmers ________ (播种) their crps in the early spring and harvest their crps in autumn. 9．Mr Green is a very ________ (独断的) figure in this cmpany. 10．If yu put the ________ (果核) in the earth, sn a yung plant will grw ut f the earth.
【答案】1．shelves 2．blank 3．civilians4．sympathetic 5．versin 6．inncent7．crrespnding 8．sw 9．dminant 10．cre
Ⅱ．短语填空quite a few, at the apprach f, in spite f, in laughter, attract the admiratin f, fall in lve with, be sure abut, carry ut, have influence n, have sympathy n1．As a famus medical expert, Zhng Nanshan ________ ______ the peple all ver the cuntry. 2．This kind f Chinese herb ________________ the viruses and can cure peple f such disease.
3．The wealthy businessman ________________ the hmeless peple and ften ffers them sme fd. 4．These peple are all ________________ and they seem t be satisfied with their wrking cnditins. 5．I’ll ________________ my prmise since I have prmised t help yu with the experiment. 6．___________________ his shrtcmings and drawbacks, the by is still regarded as a gd student at schl.
7．Yu must ________________ every step f yur presentatin when yu hst the evening party. 8．All kinds f flwers cme ut ________________ spring, and everything lks s beautiful here. 9．___________________ students have asked me abut this prblem, s I’ll explain it again tmrrw. 10．The yung cuple ________________ each ther at the first sight and sn gt married.
【答案】1．attracts the admiratin f 2．has influence n3．has sympathy n 4．in laughter 5．carry ut6．In spite f 7．be sure abut 8．at the apprach f9．Quite a few 10．fell in lve with
Ⅲ．课文原句填空1．___________________ the questin f hw best t arrange bks n shelves culd cause a lively nline discussin. 在我看来，如何最好地安排书架上的书的问题竟会在网上引起热烈的讨论，这似乎令人难以置信。
2．The reasn is ________ they can feel the warmth f lve and enjy the ________________ . 因为他们可以感受到爱的温暖，享受童年的纯真。3．He was brn during the mid-Tang Dynasty, ________ ________ f rebuilding and recvery fr the Tang Empire. 他出生在唐朝中期，这是唐朝帝国重建和恢复的时期。
4．The purpse f literary criticism is ________________ t the cre f the text and discver that message the authr is attempting t cnvey. 文学批评的目的就是要触及文章的核心，发现作者试图表达出来的信息。
5．___________________ is prbably ne f the mst cmmn and influential frms f English petry. 无韵诗可能是英语诗歌中最常见和最具影响力的形式之一。6．In these pems the pet Tagre ________________ f the children’s feelings. 在这些诗中，诗人泰戈尔表达了对孩子们感情的同情和理解。
7．Brwning ________________ her petry and then they entered int persnal crrespndence. 勃朗宁爱上了她的诗歌，然后他们开始了私人通信。【答案】1．It seems incredible t me that2．that; inncence f childhd 3．which was a perid4．t get 5．Blank verse6．shws a sympathetic understanding7．fell in lve with
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