高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists练习

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists练习，共12页。

1. If untreated, the illness can becme severe(严重的).
2. I have tw cntradictry(相互矛盾的) respnses t that questin.
3. Jhn brught the abslute prf(证据) that we needed.
4. In the rainfrest, we have multiple (多种多样的)plants and wild animals.
5. There was n water in the building, just a pump (水泵)in the curtyard.
6. Many husehld (家用的)prducts are ptentially harmful.
7. The drug is suspected (怀疑)f causing ver 200 deaths.
8. We can handle(处理)up t 500 calls an hur at ur new ffices.
9. It is said that drinking much pure(纯净的) water is gd fr health.
10. Peple shuld decrease(减少) the amunt f fat they eat.
Ⅱ. 选词填空
nce and fr all, subscribe t, be t blame, thanks t, die frm, in time, attend t, in general, find ut, as a result f
1. He might get there in time, but I can’t be sure.
2. Thanks t the wife’s care, his health has really picked up.
3. As a result f his carelessness, he made a severe mistake.
4. After the accident, the main thing is t attend t the injured.
5. We have t handle this matter nce and fr all t avid truble.
6. The reprt reveals that human fault was t blame fr the accident.
7. I want yu t d everything yu can t find ut wh is respnsible.
8. If yu subscribe t this newspaper, yu’ll get an extra magazine.
9. Frty thusand children die frm the infectin f this kind f germs a day.
10. In general, the peple wh take regular exercise are healthier than thse wh dn’t.
Ⅲ. 结合课文主题, 使用本单元词汇与句型写一篇80词左右的短文
1. 2020年, 全球突然爆发了(break ut)新冠肺炎疫情。
2. 形势非常严峻(severe), 以至于住户(husehld)不能外出, 只能待在家里。
3. 有证据(prf)表明这种病毒是可以人传染人的。
4. 根据统计(statistics), 全球一亿多人被感染(infect)新冠肺炎。
5. 多亏了(thanks t)无数优秀的科学家们, 一些国家的疫情得到了有效控制。
6. 人们同意(subscribe t)这个观点: 这种病毒是人类共同的敌人, 不能责备(blame)任何一个国家。
7. 所有的国家都应该转变(transfrm )态度, 团结起来, 共同抗击疫情。
In 2020, COVID-19 brke ut in the whle wrld. The situatin was s severe that husehlds culdn’t g ut and had t stay at hme. There is a prf that the virus can pass frm persn t persn. Accrding t the statistics, mre than 100 millin peple have been infected with COVID-19. Thanks t numerus utstanding scientists, the epidemic has been effectively cntrlled in sme cuntries. Peple subscribe t the pinin that the virus is the enemy f human beings and n cuntry can be blamed. All cuntries shuld transfrm their attitude and wrk tgether t fight with the epidemic.
完成句子
1. The sng sunds s sweet that I want t listen t it again and again. (s. . . that结构)
这首歌曲听起来如此优美, 以至于我想一遍又一遍地听。
2. Tm is ging t have his cmputer repaired this afternn. (have+宾语+过去分词)
汤姆打算今天下午修理他的电脑。
3. Her parents made sacrifices s that she culd have a gd educatin. (s that)
为了让她受到良好的教育, 她的父母做了很多牺牲。
4. It is bvius that it can enhance peple’s cnsciusness f health, but it is mre likely t result in ver-anxiety. (be likely t)
很明显, 它可以提高人们的健康意识, 但更有可能导致焦虑过度。
5. I dn’t like the way Tm speaks t his parents. (the way作先行词)
我不喜欢汤姆同他的父母说话的方式。
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
(2021·丽江高二检测)
Yu prbably knw wh Marie Curie was, but yu may nt have heard f Rachel Carsn. Of the utstanding ladies listed belw, wh d yu think was the mst imprtant wman f the past 100 years?
Jane Addams (1860-1935)
Anyne wh has ever been helped by a scial wrker has Jane Addams t thank. Addams helped the pr and wrked fr peace. She encuraged a sense f cmmunity (社区) by creating shelters and prmting educatin and services fr peple in need. In 1931, Addams became the first American wman t win the Nbel Peace Prize.
Rachel Carsn (1907-1964)
If it weren’t fr Rachel Carsn, the envirnmental mvement might nt exist tday. Her ppular 1962 bk Silent Spring raised awareness f the danger f pllutin and the harmful effects f chemicals n humans and n the wrld’s lakes and ceans.
Sandra Day O’Cnnr (1930-present)
When Sandra Day O’Cnnr finished third in her class at Stanfrd Law Schl in 1952, she culd nt find wrk at a law firm because she was a wman. She became an Arizna state senatr (参议员) in 1981, the first wman t jin the US Supreme Curt. O’Cnnr gave the deciding vte in many imprtant cases during her 24 years n the tp curt.
Rsa Parks (1913-2005)
On December 1, 1955, in Mntgmery, Alabama, Rsa Parks did nt give up her seat n a bus t a white passenger. Her simple act landed Parks in prisn. But it als set ff the Mntgmery bus byctt. It lasted fr mre than a year, and kicked ff the civil-rights mvement. “The nly tired I was, was tired f giving in. ” said Parks.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四位伟大又有影响力的女性, 以及她们在各自领域的成就。
1. What was the reasn fr O’Cnnr’s being rejected by the law firm?
A. Her lack f prper training in law.
B. Her little wrk experience in curt.
C. The discriminatin against wmen.
D. The pr financial cnditins.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据Sandra Day O’Cnnr部分的第一句可知, 因为是女性, 她在律师事务所找不到工作。由此可知, 桑德拉•戴•奥康纳被律师公司拒绝是因为对妇女的歧视。故选C。
2. Wh made a great cntributin t the equal rights f the citizens?
A. Jane Addams.
B. Rachel Carsn.
C. Sandra Day O’Cnnr.
D. Rsa Parks.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据Rsa Parks部分可知, 罗莎·帕克斯没有在公共汽车上给白人乘客让座。她的简单行为使自己进了监狱。但这也引发了蒙哥马利的公车抵制运动。它持续了一年多, 拉开了民权运动的序幕。由此可知, 罗莎•帕克斯对美国民权运动做出了巨大的贡献。故选D。
3. What can we infer abut the wmen mentined in the text?
A. They are highly educated.
B. They are truly creative.
C. They are pineers.
D. They are peace-lvers.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据文章内容可知: 珍妮•亚当斯是第一个获得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性; 雷切尔•卡森的作品《寂静的春天》提高了人们对污染的危险性和化学物质对人类和世界湖泊和海洋的危害性的认识; 桑德拉•戴•奥康纳是美国首位联邦最高法院女法官; 罗莎•帕克斯在公共汽车上拒绝为白人让座, 拉开了民权运动的序幕。由此推知, 文中提到的几位女性都是先锋人物。故选C。
B
(2021·丽江高二检测)
He Zehui, a Chinese nuclear physicist, accmplished great things in physics and became an utstanding scientist.
Her family is famus fr prducing three famus wmen scientists, including her tw sisters. She graduated frm Tsinghua University in 1936 with a degree in physics, and then went n t study at the Technical University f Berlin, where she was the tp in her class, utperfrming her future husband Qian Sanqiang—China’s “father f the atmic bmb”. In 1940, she earned a Ph. D. in Engineering.
The cuple made great discveries in the field f uranium fissin(铀核裂变), which drew glbal attentin and earned them wrldwide reputatins, als marking a milestne in the develpment f China’s experimental fissin physics. Many Western media called the cuple the “Marie Curie and Pierre Curie f China”.
As ne f the pineers in nuclear science and technlgy in China, Prfessr He cntributed a great deal t nuclear physics. During the 1950s, she started the research and develpment f nuclear emulsins(核乳胶)in China and their research reached the advanced wrld level at that time. He and her research grup tk the lead in building China’s first nuclear reactr and acceleratr. She was awarded the first Award f the Natinal Prize f Natural Sciences fr making utstanding achievements in supprting the natinal prgram f nuclear weapn develpment.
Thrughut her career, He cnquered many bstacles, and was always n the frnt lines f China’s science-related wrk. She published dzens f papers yet placed little value n persnal fame. The wrld’s tp physicists recgnized He as a famus scientist—“ Chinese Madame Curie”.
He passed away in Beijing in 2011 at the age f 97, nearly 20 years after Qian Sanqiang. She dedicated herself t science, living a simple life, always nurturing yung researchers and maintaining the highest standards that she had always valued. She lved her cuntry and science; t bth she is nw an icn.
【文章大意】本文是一篇人物传记。文章介绍了“中国的居里夫人”何泽慧及其成就。
4. What is the fcus f Paragraph 2 abut He Zehui?
A. Identity backgrund.
B. Character persnalities.
C. Educatin experiences.
D. Prfessin cmpetence.
【解析】选C。主旨大意题。根据文章第二段介绍了何泽慧毕业于清华大学物理系, 随后进入柏林工业大学学习……1940年, 她获得了工程学博士学位。可知, 本段主要介绍何泽慧的教育经历。故选C。
5. What d we knw abut Qian Sanqiang?
A. He died fllwing his wife in 1991.
B. He wn the Natinal Prize f Natural Sciences.
C. He assisted He Zehui t develp fissin physics.
D. He is als a remarkable Chinese scientist.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章第二段后半部分(她的成绩超越了她未来的丈夫、中国的“原子弹之父”钱三强, 成为班上的第一名。)和第三段介绍的夫妻俩的成就可知, 其丈夫钱三强也是一位伟大的中国科学家。故选D。
6. Why is He Zehui acknwledged as “The Chinese Marie Curie”?
A. Fr her great cntributins t nuclear physics.
B. Fr her accmplishment in the atmic bmb.
C. Fr her cntinuus achievements in natural science.
D. Fr her research f nuclear emulsins.
【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一段可知中国核物理学家何泽慧在物理学上做出了巨大成就, 成为一名杰出的科学家。根据第三段的最后一句可知许多西方媒体称这对夫妇为“中国居里夫人和皮埃尔·居里”。根据第四段的第一句可知作为我国核科学技术的开拓者之一, 何教授对核物理做出了重要贡献。可推知, 因何泽慧对中国的核物理做出了巨大贡献, 西方媒体称其为“中国的居里夫人”。故选A。
7. Hw can we fittingly describe He Zehui?
A. Ambitius, talented, cnservative and determined.
B. Unselfish, patritic, indifferent t fame and devted t science.
C. Aggressive, imaginative, strng in mind and kind in heart.
D. Knwledgeable, awesme, creative and sciable.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段倒数第二句可知她发表了几十篇论文, 但并不看重个人名声。根据最后一段第二、三句可知她献身于科学, 过着简朴的生活, 总是培养年轻的研究人员, 保持着她一直以来所重视的最高标准。她爱她的国家和科学。可推知, 何泽慧淡泊名利、爱国、乐于助人, 献身于中国的科学事业, 有极高的科研素养, 对中国的核物理的研究和发展做出了极大的贡献。故选B。
【阅读多维训练】
1. 句式仿写
She was awarded the first Award f the Natinal Prize f Natural Sciences fr making utstanding achievements in supprting the natinal prgram f nuclear weapn develpment.
因在支持国家核武器发展计划方面取得突出成绩, 她被授予国家自然科学奖一等奖。
句式仿写:
Tu Yuyu was awarded the Nbel Prize in Physilgy r Medicine fr her utstanding achievements in medicine.
屠呦呦因在医学方面的突出成就被授予诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。
2. 长难句分析:
She graduated frm Tsinghua University in 1936 with a degree in physics, and then went n t study at the Technical University f Berlin, where she was the tp in her class, utperfrming her future husband Qian Sanqiang—China’s “father f the atmic bmb”.
分析: 本句是一个复合句。句子的主语是She, 谓语是graduated和went, the Technical University f Berlin是先行词, 其后是定语从句。
译文: 1936年, 她毕业于清华大学, 获得物理学学位, 然后继续在柏林工业大学学习, 在那里她是班上第一名, 成绩超过了她未来的丈夫钱三强——中国的“原子弹之父”。
Ⅱ. 阅读填句
(2021·威海高二检测)
Franklin’s Experiment: Hw Much Is True?
Benjamin Franklin’s famus lightning experiment has intrduced generatins f children t science. 1 .
The well-knwn stry is that Franklin flew a kite during a strm in 1752. At that time, there was much interest in electricity. Peple wanted t knw if lightning was really prduced by electricity. 2 . He raised the kite with a piece f string tied t it. A metal key was attached t the string. A flash f lightning hit the kite, and electricity was cnducted thrugh the string t the key. 3 . “This”, he said, “prved that lightning was a frm f electricity”.
Fr years, schls have taught this stry and it has inspired us and taught us that scientific experiments are imprtant t establish the truth and t cntribute twards later scientific discveries and inventins.
Hwever, neither the stry nr the details f the experiment are entirely true. Althugh it has been prved that Franklin’s experiment tk place, mre than ne scientist has questined what really happened. 4 . But scientists all agree that if Franklin had actually tuched the key, he wuld certainly have died frm the electric shck.
Scientists ften questin accepted ideas because they want t establish the facts. Sme have even questined the stry abut the apple that fell n Newtn’s head and led him t cme up with his thery f gravity.
5 . But in science, facts shuld be prved by experiments and research, and we shuld nt always believe everything we read r hear — even if it is a great stry.
A. Franklin was ne f them.
B. The detail abut the string and the key is true.
C. It’s true that many discveries start with an experiment.
D. Admittedly, fictin is ften mre interesting than the truth.
E. Franklin then tuched the key with his finger and gt an electric shck.
F. Hwever, new research suggests that the stry may be fictin instead f fact.
G. This experiment prves beynd any dubt that lightning is an electric phenmenn.
【文章大意】这是一篇讨论文。文章主要讨论了富兰克林的实验有多少是真的? 因为在科学中, 事实应该通过实验和研究来证明, 不应该依据一个伟大的故事。
1. 【解析】选F。 根据文章标题“富兰克林的实验: 多少是真的? ”和第四段前两句“然而, 这个故事和实验的细节都不是完全真实的。尽管富兰克林的实验已经被证明发生过, 但不止一位科学家质疑到底发生了什么。”可知, 富兰克林著名的闪电实验虽然让孩子们认识到了科学, 但这个故事可能是假的, 故选F。
2. 【解析】选A。 根据前两句“那时, 人们对电很感兴趣。人们想知道闪电是否真的是由电产生的。”再根据后面富兰克林开展了闪电实验, 说明他对电很感兴趣。A选项“富兰克林就是其中之一。”切题。故选A。
3. 【解析】选E。根据前两句“一把金属钥匙系在绳子上。一道闪电击中了风筝, 电通过绳子传导到了钥匙上。”和下一句“他说, 这证明了闪电是电的一种形式。”可推断出, 富兰克林通过自己触电来证明电的存在。E选项中的the key和an electric shck对应上文的the key和A flash f lightning hit。故选E。
4. 【解析】选B。根据前两句“然而, 这个故事和实验的细节都不是完全真实的。尽管富兰克林的实验已经被证明发生过, 但不止一位科学家质疑到底发生了什么。”可知, 承接上文, 富兰克林的实验虽不是完全真实, 但确实发生过, 可得出有关绳子和钥匙的内容是真的。故选B。
5. 【解析】选D。由下一句“但是在科学中, 事实应该通过实验和研究来证明, 我们不应该总是相信我们所读或听到的一切, 即使它是一个伟大的故事。”可知, 承接下文, D选项“诚然, 虚构往往比事实更有趣。”切题。上下两句是转折关系, 虚构虽比事实有趣, 但科学要严谨, 应该通过实验和研究来证明。故选D。
Ⅲ. 完形填空
(2021·抚顺高二检测)
Lydia Dentn felt very sad when she learned abut the incidents, in which many children died in the ht cars because they were accidentally left behind. But n ne has cme up with a gd way t deal with the 1 . The little girl, wh wuld enter the seventh grade, decided t find a 2 .
Tw years later, the 12-year-ld girl frm Nrth Carlina wn a $20, 000 prize fr her 3 , the Beat The Heat Car Seat, a car seat device measuring the 4 f a car. The device is able t 5 the parents f the danger when the inside f the car 6 reaches 38. 9℃.
Lydia used part f her $20, 000 t cntinue t 7 her device with the hpe f getting it t market as sn as pssible 8 it can be smething that will save lives and smething that mst peple can 9 t get it.
With her 14-year-ld brther and 10-year-ld sister, Lydia als 10 sme f her prize mney. They als helped bring the 11 in the car seat device. Her brther was really great at cding(编程), and her little sister wuld 12 them with sme sweets r cakes.
Lydia’s mm, a science teacher, said it was 13 t watch her three kids cperate t think ut a way t the prblem that has 14 fr years. “They have prven that time and time again nthing is 15 . I am really prud f them, ” she added.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文, 讲述了一个小女孩得知许多儿童被留在闷热的汽车里, 因高温而致死时, 她感到非常难过, 决定寻找破解的办法。经过两年的努力, 她凭借自己发明的一种能测量汽车内温度的装置获得了两万美元的奖金。
1. A. discussin B. idea
C. prblemD. experience
【解析】选C。当Lydia Dentn得知许多儿童因被意外地遗忘在闷热的汽车里窒息死亡的事件时, 她感到非常难过, 但是还没有人想出好的方法来解决这一问题。 discussin讨论; idea主意; prblem问题; experience经验。故选C。
2. A. prcessB. slutin
C. respnseD. decisin
【解析】选B。没人想出好的办法解决这个问题, 所以Lydia决定自己找解决办法。 prcess过程; slutin解决办法; respnse回答; decisin决定。故选B。
3. A. educatinB. suggestin
C. instructinD. inventin
【解析】选D。两年后, Lydia Dentn因发明了汽车座椅装置而获得了两万美元的奖金。 educatin教育; suggestin建议; instructin说明书; inventin发明。故选D。
4. A. temperatureB. cnditin
C. beautyD. quality
【解析】选A。由下文中“reaches 38. 9℃”可知, 此装置能测量车内的温度。 temperature温度; cnditin条件; beauty美丽; quality质量。故选A。
5. A. cnvinceB. persuade
C. warnD. cure
【解析】选C。设计这个装置是为了检测温度, 所以当车内温度接近38. 9摄氏度时, 这个装置就会警告父母有危险。 cnvince说服; persuade劝; warn警告; cure治愈。故选C。
6. A. neverB. almst
C. alwaysD. seldm
【解析】选B。根据“reaches 38. 9℃”及“ the parents f the danger”可推测, 这个装置是在温度达到一个临界值才会报警。 never从不; almst几乎; always总是; seldm很少。故选B。
7. A. changeB. remember
C. describeD. develp
【解析】选D。Lydia想使汽车装置成为既能挽救生命又能买得起的发明, 所以需要继续研发。 change改变; remember记住; describe描述; develp发展。故选D。
8. A. s thatB. even if
C. as ifD. nw that
【解析】选A。Lydia用她的部分奖金继续研发她的装置, 希望能尽快投入市场, 这样它就可以挽救一些儿童的生命。 s that以便, 所以; even if即使; as if好像; nw that既然。故选A。
9. A. happenB. help
C. pretendD. affrd
【解析】选D。Lydia继续研发, 是为了帮助更多的人, 挽救更多的生命, 使大多数人都可以买得起。 happen发生; help帮助; pretend假装; affrd负担得起。故选D。
10. A. sharedB. exchanged
C. suppliedD. cllected
【解析】选A。根据With her 14-year-ld brther and 10-year-ld sister可知Lydia和她十四岁的哥哥以及十岁的妹妹共同分享了这笔奖金。share with和……分享。 shared分享; exchanged交换; supplied提供; cllected收集。故选A。
11. A. varietyB. imprvement
C. prductinD. advantage
【解析】选B。根据下文可知, 哥哥和妹妹他们也在帮助Lydia改进这个汽车座椅装置。 variety多样性, 变化; imprvement改进; prductin生产; advantage优点。故选B。
12. A. presentB. leave
C. serveD. charge
【解析】选C。她的妹妹会帮忙端上一些糖果或蛋糕。 present提出; leave离开; serve服务, 端上; charge充电。故选C。
13. A. relaxingB. embarrassing
C. inspiringD. bring
【解析】选C。这个问题已经存在多年, 未被解决。现在被三个孩子解决了, 所以很鼓舞人心。 relaxing令人放松的; embarrassing使人尴尬的; inspiring鼓舞人心的; bring无聊的。由“think ut a way t the prblem that has fr years. ”可知选C。
14. A. disappearedB. existed
C. appliedD. recvered
【解析】选B。根据上文可知这是存在了很多年的难题。 disappeared消失; existed存在; applied应用; recvered恢复。故选B。
15. A. impssibleB. traditinal
C. perfectD. necessary
【解析】选A。虽然问题存在多年, 但终被解决, 所以说没什么事是不能被解决的, 一切皆有可能。 impssible不可能的; traditinal传统的; perfect完美的; necessary必要的。故选A。