英语选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists巩固练习

这是一份英语选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists巩固练习，共12页。

1. My jb is smewhere between a secretary and a persnal assistant(助手).
2. She culd trace (追踪)her family tree back t the 16th century.
3. Stephen Hawking was knwn as an utstanding (突出的)physicist.
4. We may talk f beautiful things but beauty itself is abstract(抽象的).
5. It was a difficult cncept(概念) t grasp, but I sn understd it.
6. It’s hped that the telescpe (望远镜) will enable scientists t see deeper int the universe than ever befre.
7. Never expect him t cme up with a brilliant (绝妙的) idea.
8. The task is urgent; besides/furthermre(而且), there’s nt much time.
9. My father was very upset. He thught it was his fault (过失).
10. She tried t shift (转移)her weight frm ne ft t the ther.
Ⅱ. 选词填空
in charge f, cme dwn, abve all, break ut, switch. . . t, fcus n, be familiar with, take n, trace back t, dream f
1. The Chinese peple celebrate the activity f the Labr Day and can trace back t 1918.
2. N ther rganisatin was able r willing t take n the jb.
3. The talks will fcus n ecnmic develpment f the regin.
4. A fire brke ut last night, which caused a lt f damage.
5. Abve all, I have learned that smile is the key t slving any prblem.
6. She switched frm full-time wrk t part-time wrk after her child was brn.
7. The teacher, wh has taught fr ver 30 years, is in charge f the schl wrk.
8. He came dwn with a severe disease because he was infected with the virus.
9. He is familiar with the telescpe which he has used many times.
10. The assistant dreamed f being a prfessr in this famus university.
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1. There is n dubt that private cars will have a great impact n the ecnmic grwth.
毫无疑问, 私家车对经济的增长起到很大的作用。(have an impact n)
2. Fr ne thing, it nt nly helps t build up ur physical health, but als helps us learn mre efficiently in turn.
一方面, 它不仅有助于我们强身健体, 而且反过来有助于我们更高效地学习。(nt nly. . . but als )
3. While walking alne n the street, I heard my name called.
我独自走在街上时, 听到有人叫我的名字。(状语从句的省略)
4. Cmpared with the size f the earth, the biggest cean des nt seem big at all.
与整个地球相比, 最大的海洋似乎一点也不大。(过去分词作状语)
5. Once the damage is dne, it will take many years fr the farmland t recver.
一旦受损, 农田需要很多年才能恢复。
6. Yu shuld be mre guarded in what yu say t reprters.
你对记者说话应更谨慎些。
Ⅰ. 阅读理解
A
(2021·银川高二检测)
Fr decades, China had wanted a Nbel Prize in science. Tu Yuyu, a researcher wh helped t develp a malaria medicine, finally wn fr the cuntry that hnr.
In fact, Tu is nt the nly scientist in China wh is catching the wrld’s attentin. In 2016, the Nature jurnal published a list f the tp 10 science stars in China. Ga Caixia and Cui Weicheng are tw f them.
Ga Caixia has been devted t genetic engineering fr her whle career. She is knwn fr using CRISPR-Cas9, the revlutinary gene-editing technique that is sweeping thrugh bilgy labs arund the wrld in crps.
At first, Ga was unwilling t take up gene editing using CRISPR-Cas9 because her lab at the Chinese Academy f Sciences’ Institute f Genetics and Develpmental Bilgy in Beijing had already created mutatins(变异)in 82 genes using an lder type f technlgy. But after thinking carefully abut it, she decided t give it a try.
After a year f hard wrk, her lab finally succeeded. Ga wrked n genetic engineering in wheat, a crp that is famus fr being difficult t wrk with. Nw she is cnsidered ne f the best in the wrld at engineering wheat.
Cui Weicheng is the develper f China’s recrd-setting Jialng submersible(潜水器). He is nw a prfessr at West Lake University. In 2012, Cui rde inside China’s Jialng submersible and reached a depth f mre than 7, 000 meters in the pacific.
Thanks t Jialng and the 57-year-ld develper, China is nw ne f nly a few natins that can explre the deep-sea. Jialng can travel deeper than any ther manned research submersible currently in use, which shws China’s increasing ambitin and leadership in deep-sea research.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了《自然》杂志发布了中国十大科学明星名单。高彩霞和崔维成就是其中的两位。
1. Why is Tu Yuyu mentined at the beginning f the passage?
A. T shw ne f China’s lng-held dreams.
B. T stress the imprtance f the Nbel Prize.
C. T praise Tu Yuyu fr her cntributins.
D. T intrduce mre tp Chinese scientists.
【解析】选D。 细节理解题。本段引用屠呦呦的目的是引出另外的中国科学家。D项“为了介绍更多中国顶尖科学家”为正确答案。故答案为D。
2. Why did Ga Caixia wrk n wheat?
A. Because she failed in her attempt t study ther crps.
B. Because she was expert at wheat engineering.
C. Because wheat is hard t be genetically engineered.
D. Because wheat is the mst widely planted crp in China.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据文章第四段可知起初, 高不愿意使用CRISPR-Cas9进行基因编辑, 因为她所在实验室——中国科学院遗传学和发育生物学研究所已经使用一个旧的技术创建82个基因突变。但仔细考虑之后, 她决定试一试。C项“因为小麦很难被基因改造”为正确选项。故答案为C。
3. What is Cui Weicheng’s biggest cntributin t China?
A. He teaches abut sea at a university.
B. He develped Jialng submersible.
C. He is devted t genetic engineering.
D. He reached the bttm f the cean.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章第六段“Cui Weicheng is the develper f China’s recrd-setting Jialng submersible”以及最后一段崔维成的发明对中国的影响来看, B项“他研制了蛟龙潜水器”为正确答案。故答案为B。
4. What is the best title fr the passage?
A. China’s Science Stars
B. China’s Nbel Prize Dream
C. Ga Caixia-China’s Crp Engineer
D. Cui Weicheng-China’s Deep Diver
【解析】选A。标题归纳题。本文讲述了中国高彩霞和崔维成两位科学家及其成就。故A项“中国的科学明星”为正确答案。 B项: 中国的诺贝尔奖梦(主题扩大); C项: 高彩霞——中国的农作物工程师 (以偏概全); D项: 崔维成——中国的深水潜水员(以偏概全)。故答案为A。
B
(2021·邯郸高二检测)
Wmen have been making scientific discveries since ancient times. Dzens f wmen have wn the Nbel Prize in science, ne f the highest hnrs in the wrld. Sme wmen scientists never married, sme wrked with their husbands, and thers raised large families. It has been difficult fr wmen t be successful scientists.
In the early 1800s in England, Mary Anning became ne f the first wmen recgnized fr her discveries abut the ancient histry f the earth. Mary and her father cllected fssils(化石)in their village n the suth cast f Great Britain. Fssils are parts f plants r animals that have been saved in rcks fr millins f years.
When she was nly twelve years ld, Mary became the first persn t find the almst cmplete skeletns (骨架)f several animals that n lnger existed n earth. She didn’t becme famus fr her discveries at that time because she ften sld her fssils t get mney t supprt her family.
In 1891, a yung Plish wman named Marie Skldwska traveled t Paris t study physics. She did s because she culd nt get a cllege educatin in Pland. She began wrking in the labratry f a man named Pierre Curie. Marie and Pierre Curie gt married and made many discveries tgether. They received the Nbel Prize in Physics in 1903 alng with anther scientist. Marie Curie became the first persn t be awarded a secnd Nbel Prize in 1911, this time in Chemistry. Marie Curie was ne f the few wmen at the time that became famus as a scientist.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了以Mary Anning和Marie Curie为代表的女性科学家的故事。
5. What des the authr think f wmen scientists accrding t Paragraph 1?
A. They g thrugh difficulties t be successful.
B. They cannt get the highest hnrs in the wrld.
C. They had better pay mre attentin t their families.
D. They have mre pprtunities t becme successful.
【解析】选A。 细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句“It has been difficult fr wmen t be successful scientists. ”可知, 在作者看来, 女性成为成功的科学家是很难的。故选A项。
6. Why did Mary fail t be famus fr her discveries f fssils?
A. She didn’t want t be knwn t anyne.
B. They weren’t wrth studying.
C. Nbdy recgnized them.
D. She sld them fr mney.
【解析】选D。 细节理解题。根据文章第三段最后一句可知, 她当时并没有因为发现化石而出名是因为她经常卖掉化石来赚钱养家。故选D项。
7. What can we knw abut Marie Curie?
A. She finished her cllege educatin in Pland.
B. She was the first wman t win tw Nbel Prizes.
C. She wn the first Nbel Prize befre getting married.
D. She and her husband wn the Nbel Prize in Chemistry.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章第四段倒数第二、三句可知, 1903年, 居里夫妇和另一位科学家一起获得了诺贝尔物理学奖。1911年, 居里夫人成为第一个获得第二个诺贝尔奖的人, 这次是在化学领域。因此可知, 她是第一位两次获得诺贝尔奖的女性。故选B项。
8. What’s the text mainly abut?
A. Ancient discveries f scientists.
B. Sme stries f wmen scientists.
C. Successful marriages f wmen scientists.
D. Sme wmen scientists winning the Nbel Prize.
【解析】选B。主旨大意题。文章为总分结构, 第一段提及了本文的中心话题。文章主要讲述了女性科学家的故事。故选B项。
C
Stephen Hawking was regarded as ne f the mst brilliant physicists in histry. His wrk n the rigins and structure f the universe, frm the Big Bang t black hles, changed the field greatly. His best-selling bks als appealed t a number f readers.
Stephen Hawking had a challenging life. He was brn in England n Jan. 8, 1942—300 years t the day after the death f the astrnmer Galile Galilei. He attended University Cllege, Oxfrd, where he studied physics, despite his father’s urging t fcus n medicine. Hawking went n t Cambridge t research csmlgy.
In early 1963, just befre his 21st birthday, Hawking suffered frm a serius disease, mre cmmnly knwn as Lu Gehrig’s disease. He was nt expected t live mre than tw years. Cmpleting his dctr’s degree did nt appear likely. Yet, Hawking had vercme the great difficulty, nt nly attaining his Ph. D. but als building new rads int the understanding f the universe in the decades since.
Hawking cntinued at Cambridge after his graduatin, serving as a research fellw and later as a prfessinal fellw. In 1974, he was inducted(正式就职)int the Ryal Sciety, a wrldwide fellwship f scientists. In 1979, he was appinted Lucasian Prfessr f Mathematics at Cambridge, the mst famus academic chair in the wrld.
As the disease spread, Hawking became less mbile and began using a wheelchair. Talking grew mre challenging and, in 1985, an emergency trachetmy(气管切开术)caused his ttal lss f speech. A speech-generating device was cnstructed at Cambridge, cmbined with a sftware prgram, serving as his electrnic vice and allwing Hawking t select his wrds by mving the muscles in his cheek. Hawking died n March 14, 2018.
【文章大意】本文是一篇人物传记。文章介绍了杰出的物理学家霍金以及他的一些事情。
9. What greatly influenced the field Stephen Hawking studied?
A. Stephen Hawking’s best-selling bks.
B. His research n the Big Bang and black hles.
C. Stephen Hawking’s talent.
D. The rigins and structure f the universe.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知他对宇宙起源和结构的研究, 从大爆炸到黑洞, 极大地改变了这个领域。由此可推知, 斯蒂芬·霍金对大爆炸和黑洞的研究极大地影响了研究的这个领域。故选B。
10. What des the underlined wrd “csmlgy” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. A study abut universe.
B. A subject f medicine.
C. A research n time.
D. A prject in Cambridge.
【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句可知他对宇宙起源和结构的研究, 从大爆炸到黑洞, 极大地改变了这个领域。由此可知画线词的意思是“对宇宙的研究”。故选A。
11. What happened t Stephen Hawking in early 1963?
A. He became wrld famus.
B. He achieved his dctr’s degree.
C. He was badly affected by a serius disease.
D. He built new rads int the understanding f the universe.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知1963年初, 就在霍金21岁生日前夕, 他患上了一种严重的疾病, 即众所周知的卢伽雷氏症。故选C。
12. Hw did Stephen Hawking express himself finally?
A. By using bdy language.
B. With the help f an peratin.
C. By using a speech-generating device.
D. With the help f sme peple.
【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段中A speech-generating device was cnstructed at Cambridge, cmbined with a sftware prgram, serving as his electrnic vice and allwing Hawking t select his wrds by mving the muscles in his cheek. 可知, 斯蒂芬·霍金最后通过使用语音产生装置来表达。故选C。
Ⅱ. 语法填空
Sweet wrmwd(青蒿)is a cmmn plant in China, but it has the pwer t cure the deadly disease 1 (call) malaria(疟疾). Tu Yuyu 2 (be)the wman wh uses the plant’s special pwer t save millins f lives. The Chinese scientist wn a Nbel Prize because f her great cntributin.
On Octber 5th, Tu 3 (award) the 2015 Nbel Prize in Physilgy r Medicine. She shared the prize with tw ther scientists frm the US and Japan. Tu is the first native Chinese persn 4 (receive)a Nbel Prize in natural science. Tu was mdest abut receiving the award, “It’s a success f the whle research team. ”She als think 5 is scientist’s duty t fight fr the health f all humans.
When Tu jined the natinal research team t find the medicine 6 culd fight against malaria in the 1960s and 1970s, things were hard. The team didn’t have advanced equipment then. Tu used t test medicines by eating them herself. Her team searched ld medicine bks at hand and tested ver 2, 000 traditinal 7 (recipe).
Finally, Tu fund artemisinin(青蒿素)in sweet wrmwd in 1971. She spent the next decades 8 (try) t imprve the medicine. Accrding t Wrld Health Organizatin, abut 200 millin peple suffer 9 malaria arund the wrld, and abut half a millin die each year. Artemisinin is still the mst 10 (effect)treatment against malaria knwn tday in the wrld.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。屠呦呦是中国第一个获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家, 她带领她的团队发现了青蒿素, 从而挽救了数百万人的生命。
1. 【解析】called。考查非谓语动词。分析可知disease 和call之间是被动关系, 故填called。
2. 【解析】is。考查时态和主谓一致。根据该句中的“wh uses the plant’s special pwer”可知, 该句应用一般现在时。又因主语为 Tu Yuyu, 所以谓语动词用单数。故填is。
3. 【解析】was awarded。考查时态和语态。根据句中时间状语“On Octber 5th”可知, 用一般过去时。主语Tu与动词award之间为被动关系, 所以用被动语态。故填was awarded。
4. 【解析】t receive。考查动词不定式。当名词前有序数词修饰时, 要用动词不定式作后置定语。根据该句中的“the first native Chinese persn”可以判断, 该句应用动词不定式作 persn的后置定语。故填t receive。
5. 【解析】it。考查it的用法。分析该句结构可知, 动词不定式短语“t fight fr the health f all humans”作真正的主语, it作形式主语。故填it。
6. 【解析】which /that。考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知, 该句为定语从句, 先行词为 medicine, 设空处在从句中作主语, 指物, 所以用 which或that引导该定语从句。故填which /that。
7. 【解析】recipes。考查名词的数。名词recipe为可数名词, 根据前面的数词2, 000可知, 用复数形式。故填recipes。
8. 【解析】trying。考查非谓语动词。 spend time ding sth. 为固定搭配, 意为“花费时间做某事”, 所以用v. -ing形式。故填trying。
9. 【解析】frm。考查介词。句意: 根据世界卫生组织的数据, 全世界大约有2亿人患有疟疾, 每年大约有50万人死于疟疾。 suffer frm为固定搭配, 意为“(因疾病、痛苦等)受折磨”。故填frm。
10. 【解析】effective。考查形容词。句意: 青蒿素仍然是当今世界已知的最有效的治疗疟疾的药物。根据定冠词the, 并结合句意可知, 这里用形容词形式。故填effective。
Ⅲ. 应用文写作
(2021·台州高二检测)
假定你是李华, 你的英国朋友Jim发邮件询问你敬佩的科学家。请你回复邮件, 内容包括:
1. 人物简介;
2. 敬佩的原因。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Dear Jim,
In respnse t yur letter inquiring abut the scientists I admire, I’m mre than delighted t brief yu n the ne I respect mst - Zhng Nanshan.
Brn in Nanjing in Octber 1936, Zhng Nanshan is a leading mdel f sciety as well as an academic acknwledged universally. Withut his exquisite medical skills and dgged persistence, China culdn’t have made grundbreaking achievements in the battle against the deadly COVID-19. Such is Zhng Nanshan, wh is definitely wrthy f my heartfelt admiratin and respect.
Hw abut yurs? Lking frward t yur reply.
Yurs,
Li Hua
(2021·温州高二检测)
假定你是李华, 你想写封邮件邀请你校留学生Rbert 和你们全班同学在周六一起去Green Village感受美丽乡村。请根据以下内容完成这封邮件:
1. 乡村介绍;
2. 活动安排;
3. 往返时间、方式。
注意:
1. 词数80左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
Dear Rbert,
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear Rbert,
I’m Li Hua. I’m writing t invite yu t visit Green Village, a charming village in this area. Here’s a lk at it.
Green Village, whse villagers are friendly, is surrunded by green fields and thick frests. We’re ging t spend tw hurs explring the lcal museum t learn abut the lng histry f the village. After that, we shall travel thrugh the village by urselves.
We plan t meet at the schl gate at 9 a. m. this Saturday and cme back in the afternn by bus. If yu will jin, please email me sn.
Yurs,
Li Hua