选择性必修 第二册Unit 2 Bridging Cultures学案设计

Unit 2　Bridging Cultures Learning About Language

复习名词性从句

观察上面对话, 并类比填空。

1. The problem is that we are still short of money.

2. Who do you guess will teach us Chinese next term?

3. Whether they would support us or not is a problem.

4. Whoever wins the game will be chosen to the school team.

5. Tom is no longer what he used to be.

一、主语从句(subject clause)

1. 在复合句中充当主语的从句称之为主语从句, 一般置于句首。

主语从句引导词有:

(1)连词that和whether, 在主语从句中只起连接作用, 不充当任何成分。

(2)连接代词who, whoever, whom, whose, what, whatever, which, whichever, 在主语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语。

(3)连接副词when, where, how, why, 在主语从句中作状语。

*That he worked out the complex problem astonished other students.

他解决了这个复杂的题目让其他同学感到惊讶。

*When the exam of qualification will be held hasn’t been decided.

资格考试什么时候举行还没决定。

*Whether he will participate in this campus art festival isn’t clear.  

他是否参加这次校园艺术节还不清楚。

*What worried the old couple was that their children got involved in the crime.  

令这对老夫妇担忧的是他们的孩子参与了这次犯罪。

*Whatever happens you may be quite sure that I will not blame you.

不管发生什么事, 你可以确信我不会责备你。

2. 为了防止句子头重脚轻, 通常把形式主语it放在句首位置, 真正主语置于句末。it作形式主语的常见句型有:

(1)It is a (fact, pity, question, wonder, good thing, surprise ) that. . .

(2)It is necessary (important, strange, natural, etc. ) that sb.  should do表达惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气。

(3)It is said (expected, believed, thought, hoped, known, reported, estimated, required. . . )that. . .

(4)It seems(happened/appears/doesn’t matter /makes no difference /occurred. . . )that. . .

*It is well known to all of us that the trees can’t grow without sunlight and water.

众所周知, 树木生长离不开阳光和水。

*It is said that the new adaptation will come out next year .

据说这个新改编本将在明年出版。

*It has yet been decided when the tutor will come to give us a speech.  

这个导师什么时候来给我们做演讲还没定下来。

that引导主语从句的省略原则

　　连词that 的省略原则: 若that引导的主语从句直接位于句首, 则that不能省略; 若使用了形式主语it, 则that有时可以省略。例如:

That you didn’t go to the talk was a pity.

很遗憾你没去听报告。(that不可省)

It was a pity (that) you didn’t go to the talk.

很遗憾你没去听报告。(that可省)

(1)语法填空

①That she has became an artist may have been due to her father’s influence.

②Whether he can get a nursing qualification remains to be seen.

③What will happen in the world is difficult to predict.

④Who will take the place of our original headmaster hasn’t been decided yet.

(2)Where we will have the picnic next week is being discussed.  

我们下周在哪里野餐正在讨论中。

(3)Why he gave up the chance of studying abroad is unknown.  

他为什么放弃出国留学的机会不得而知。

(4)How this happened is not clear to anyone.  

这事怎样发生的, 谁也不清楚。

二、宾语从句(object clause)

1. 定义: 在主从复合句中充当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。它可以作谓语动词的宾语, 也可以作非谓语动词、某些介词或形容词等的宾语。

*It is foolish to believe that one’s race and civilization are superior to others. 认为自己的人种和文明高人一等是愚蠢的。

*(2020·天津高考)But once having met and liked them,  we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance.

但一旦我们认识并喜欢上了他们, 我们就会想, 如果我们错过了这个机会, 那将是多么可怕的事情。

*(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I’m not sure who is more frightened, me or the female gorilla that suddenly appears out of nowhere.

我不知道我和不知从哪里突然冒出来的雌性大猩猩谁更害怕。

*I don’t know whether he can win back the belief of the teacher.

我不知道他是否能赢回老师的信任。

2. 由连接词that引导宾语从句时, that在句中不充当任何成分, 在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去。

(2021· 浙江高考)In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index across 200 countries,  the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier and that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.

在一项对200个国家33年体重指数趋势的研究中, 科学家们发现, 世界各地的人们都在变得越来越重, 而这主要是由于农村地区体重指数的增加。

宾语从句中两种情况中的连接词that不能省略:

①引导的第二个宾语从句前的that不可省;

②在动词+形式宾语it+宾语补足语+that引导的宾语从句中that不能省略

*I believe (that) you will keep your word and that you will turn up at the party on time.  (第二个that不能省)

我相信你会遵守诺言, 准时出现在晚会上。

3. whether/if引导的宾语从句。

whether/if在从句中不充当成分, 但是有“是否”之意, 从句要用陈述语序。

只用whether不用if引导宾语从句

　　在宾语从句中, 引导词whether和if基本一样, 但下面两种情况只能使用whether:

①引导介词后的宾语从句时;

②和or not一起连用时。

(1)I truly believe that beauty comes from within.

(2)The old woman asked me if /whether I knew the way to the hospital.  

(3)John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.

(4)(2019·北京高考)You will question whether the voice you’re hearing is actually real.

4. 连接代词及连接副词引导的宾语从句。

连接代词及连接副词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句, 连接词都在从句中充当一定的成分。

*Is there anything wrong in what I said?

我所说的有错误之处吗?

*We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.

我们许诺, 任何参加这个聚会的人都有跟那个电影明星合影的机会。

*It was a long road to get where Yan Ning is now. 

颜宁花了很长时间, 才有了今天的成就。

(1)Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing where she was heading.

(2)If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate what is below the water surface.

(3)The exhibition tells us why we should do something to stop air pollution.

5. 在insist, demand, order, suggest, propose, advise等表示坚持、要求、命令、建议等意义的动词后, that宾语从句中谓语常用“(should+)动词原形”, 表示虚拟。

*The doctor suggested that I stay in bed for three days.

医生建议我卧床三天。

*He insisted that we stop at a small restaurant just outside of Atlanta.

他坚持让我们在亚特兰大市外不远的一家小餐馆歇歇脚。

【巧学助记】

后接宾语从句常用虚拟语气的动词口诀:

“一二三四”

一个坚持(insist);

两个命令(order,  command);

三条建议(advise,  suggest,  recommend);

四项要求(demand,  desire,  require,  request)

(1)He insisted that I should read his letter.  

他坚持要我看他的信。

(2)I advise that you (should) consult your coach about your strengths and weaknesses.  

我建议你应该向你的教练咨询一下你的优缺点。

(3)(2019·北京高考)He recommended that she do some research.  

他建议她做一些研究。

三、表语从句(predicative clause )

1. 表语从句放在连系动词之后, 充当复合句中的表语。

表语从句的引导词有:

(1)从属连词: that, whether, as though, as if, why, because 不充当任何成分, 只起连接作用

(2)连接代词: who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever在表语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语

(3)连接副词: when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever在表语从句中充当状语

*The trouble is that Henry has no qualifications to teach college students.

麻烦的是亨利不具备教大学生的资格。

*The point at issue is whether we go to the party.

争论点是我们是否去参加聚会。

*The last time we had great fun was when we were visiting the Water Park.

我们最后一次痛快地游玩是我们参观水上公园的时候。

2. 系动词be, appear, seem, look, remain等之后可以跟表语从句。

*It seemed as if he had known the fact already.

他好像早已知道这件事了。

*It appears that some missiles have been moved.

一些导弹似乎已经被移走了。

*It looks as if she had just come back from outer space.

她看起来仿佛刚从外太空回来。

表语从句四点易错提醒

(1)表语从句一定要用陈述语序。

(2)不可以用if, 而用whether 引导表语从句。

(3)that在表语从句中不可以省略。

(4)主句主语是reason时, 表语从句要用that引导, 不可用because。

(1)语法填空

①The most complex problem is that he can’t find enough experienced players to engage in the game.  

②The reason why I’m calling you is that I want to invite you to my birthday party.

③All she’s worried about is whether his son has the qualification to participate in activity.  

④This is what we have been looking forward to for years.

⑤ He has heart disease. That is because he has been smoking too much.

(2)The problem is who will be in charge of this shop.  

问题是谁将接管这家店铺。

(3)That is when I realized the importance of journalism.  

那时我才意识到新闻工作的重要性。

同位语从句

　　同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容和实质的从句。同位语从句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念的名词后面, 用以说明名词所表示的具体内容。可跟同位语从句的名词通常有advice, demand, doubt, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, problem, promise, question, request, suggestion, truth, wish, word(消息)等。

同位语从句和定语从句的区别

定语从句是对先行词的修饰或限制, 属于形容词性从句的范畴; 而同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的具体内容的说明, 属于名词性从句的范畴。

*The news that our team has won the game is true.

我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句, 补充说明news到底是一个什么消息)

*The news that he told me yesterday was true.

昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句, 关系代词that指代news, 在从句中作told的宾语)

*(2019·江苏高考)Scientists have obtained more evidence that plastic is finding its way into the human body.

科学家已经获得更多证据, 塑料正在进入人们的体内。

(1)语法填空

①(2019·天津高考)The opinion that learning is a lifelong process has been expressed by education experts throughout the years.

②The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here.

(2)He often asked me the question why the work was worth doing.  

他经常问我为什么这项工作值得做。

用主语从句或表语从句翻译下列句子, 并组句成篇

1. 我正在大学里学英国文学。(主语从句)

2. 我最大的问题是我不能理解许多英文小说的文化背景。(表语从句)

3. 我是否应该出国留学已经成为我所关心的事情。(主语从句; 表语从句)

4. 很明显, 第一个实际问题是我能否提供学费。(表语从句)

5. 我找老师帮忙, 他的建议是我贷款去国外学习。(表语从句)

　　What I am learning at university is English literature. My biggest problem is that I can’t understand the cultural background of many English novels. So whether I should go abroad to study has become what I’m concerned about. It is clear that the first practical question is whether I can offer the tuition fees. I turned to my teacher and his suggestion is that I get a loan to study abroad.