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人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists导学案
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这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists导学案，共7页。
阅读P7－9教材课文，选择最佳答案。
1．Why did Qian Xuesen change his majr t aviatin?
A．Because he was nt interested in his frmer majr.
B．Because he culd get a well paid jb in the future.
C．Because he felt it his duty t help his hmeland.
D．Because the cuntry asked him t d s.
2．What made Qian Xuesen s creative and utstanding accrding t the passage?
A．His strng interest in art like music and drawing.
B．His research in the United States.
C．His friends' encuragement.
D．His habit f reading a lt.
3．Hw lng did Qian Xuesen stay in the United States?
A．Abut 15 years.B．Abut 20 years.
C．Abut 25 years. D．Abut 30 years.
4．Hw was Hawking's wn thery prved crrect?
A．Fred Hyle admitted the mistake himself.
B．He wrked with thers t prve it true.
C．He pinted ut and crrected Fred Hyle's mistake in the maths.
D．Hawking was ne f the mst famus scientists in physics at the mment.
5．What's the main idea f the passage?
A．Being careful is the key t success.
B．A great scientist is a man wh wrks hard.
C．A great scientist shuld be hardwrking，determined and full f lve.
D．As lng as a persn is intelligent and brilliant，he will make a great scientist.
[答案] 1－5 CABCC
Wrds and Phrases
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点1) pur vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)
(教材P7) A nnNewtnian fluid is strange because yu can pur it like a liquid，but if yu put any pressure n it，it suddenly becmes hard as cncrete.
非牛顿流体很奇怪，因为你可以把它像液体一样倒出来，但如果你对它施加压力，它会突然变得像混凝土一样硬。
[例1] After the meeting the peple pured ut in crwds.
散会后人们成群地涌出来。
[例2] Peple pured int the hall.
人们涌进大厅。
[知识拓展]
pur in 涌进
pur int 涌进……
pur ut 倒出；涌出；倾诉
pur ut f... 从……中涌出来
pur dwn (雨)倾盆而降
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The rays f the sun pured in thrugh the windw.
②The river purs int the sea.
③Sbbing，she pured ut the whle stry.
④He was seriusly wunded.Bld pured ut f the wund.
⑤The strm cluds gathered and the rain pured dwn．
乌云密布，下起了倾盆大雨。
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点2) break ut(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发
(教材P7) Hwever，after the Snghu Battle brke ut in 1932，Qian made the decisin t switch his majr t aviatin because he realised that China needed its wn pwerful air frce t prtect and defend the cuntry.
然而，在1932年“淞沪会战”爆发后，钱学森决定转学航空专业，因为他意识到中国需要自己强大的空军来保护和保卫国家。
[例1] Smething unexpected always breaks ut in this area.
在这一地区总有意想不到的事情发生。
[例2] The Secnd Wrld War brke ut in September 1939.
第二次世界大战爆发于1939年9月。
[知识拓展]
break in 强行进入；打断
break thrugh 突破；冲破
break up 破碎；解散；分手
break ff 断开；中断；停顿
break away frm 逃脱；脱离
break int 强行闯入；突然开始
break dwn 出故障；垮掉
[即学即练] 完成句子
①He brke int my huse and stle my mney.
他闯进我家偷了我的钱。
②The meeting brke up at eleven 'clck.
在11点钟散会。
③Once yu jin them，yu can never break away frm them.
一旦你入了他们的伙，你就永远不能脱离他们。
④If yu g n wrking like that，yu will break dwn sner r later.
如果你继续像那样工作的话，你迟早会累垮的。
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点3) in charge f主管；掌管
(教材P8) He received a her's welcme frm his hmeland and was put in charge f nt nly develping China's rcket science but als its space and missile prgramme.
他受到了来自祖国的英雄般的欢迎，不仅负责发展中国的火箭科学，还负责中国的太空和导弹计划。
[例1] I'll be in charge f the whle factry next week when the directr is away.
下周厂长不在时，我将负责整个工厂。
[例2] The ck is in charge f the kitchen helper.
这位厨师负责管理帮厨工。
[知识拓展]
take charge f 掌管/负责……
in charge f 控制/管理……
free f charge 免费
in sb.'s charge＝in the charge f sb.
由……主管(含被动意义)
[即学即练] 完成句子/一句多译
①The cmpany was badly rganized until she tk charge f it.
公司管理很差，直到她掌管为止。
②The perfrmers have all ffered their services free f charge.
演员们都愿意免费出演。
③The teacher is in charge f the class．
这位教师负责这个班。
④The cmpany is in the charge f Tm when the bss is away.
＝Tm is in charge f the cmpany when the bss is away.
当老板不在的时候由汤姆负责公司业务。
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点4) fault n. 弱点；过错
(教材P9) Abve all，Hawking was willing t admit his faults.
最重要的是，霍金愿意承认自己的错误。
[例1] It was all my fault.
这都是我的错。
[例2] There is a fault in this machine.
这台机器出了故障。
[知识拓展]
find fault with sb. 挑某人的毛病；对某人吹毛求疵
find fault in 看出……的缺点；找出……的毛病
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He is always finding fault with me，which makes me very angry.
②I can't find fault in yur paper.It is perfect.
③Her greatest fault is that she talks t much.
她最大的缺点是话太多。
Sentence Pattern
eq \a\vs4\al(重点句式) “否定词＋比较级”表示最高级
(教材P7) Perhaps n ther scientist has had a greater impact n China's aerspace science than Qian Xuesen.
也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。
句式分析：句中为“否定词＋形容词/副词比较级＋than”结构，表示最高级。
[例1] Unfrtunately，the technlgy f climate change is n simpler than anything else.
不幸的是，改变气候的科技比任何事情都要复杂。
[例2] What a wnderful nvel！I have never read a mre mving ne.
多么好的一本小说啊！我从未读过比这更感人的了。
[知识拓展]
表示最高级意义的其他常见结构：
never＋比较级
nthing/n＋s＋原级＋as...
nthing/n＋比较级＋than...
比较级＋than＋eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(any＋单数名词,any ther＋单数名词,all（the）ther＋复数名词,anyne else,any f the ther＋复数名词,the rest f＋复数名词或不可数名词))
[即学即练] 完成句子
①I have never spent a mre wrrying day．
我从来没有经历过比这更令人担忧的一天了。
②Tm is mre intelligent than any ther student/all the ther students in his class.
汤姆是他班上最聪明的学生。
③Nthing is as/s imprtant as(＝mre imprtant than) practice.
实践最重要。
④N ther bk has had a greater effect n my life.
再没有别的书对我的生活有更大的影响了。
数据信息题——“加减乘除”法
[典例剖析]
In a recycling ecnmy，we wuld make ne set f 100 cans t start with，then replace them ver and ver again with recycled cans.Since almst 3% f the metal is lst during reprcessing，we'd have t make an extra 10 cans each year.eq \x(But in all，nly 150 cans will be used) eq \x(up ver the cat's lifetime)—and we'll still have 100 left ver fr the next cat.
Hw many cans will be used up in a cat's 15year lifetime in a recycling ecnmy?
A．50. B．100. C．150. D．250.
★试题特点
数据信息题一般需要根据阅读材料中给出的有关数据，通过计算(加减乘除)，得出正确的结论。
★解题思路
Step 1：确定题干中的关键词(题干黑体部分)；
Step 2：根据关键词定位信息句(Ｋ中部分)；
Step 3：尝试解答——根据信息句可知，在循环经济中，要养活一只存活15年的猫需要用掉150个罐。故选C。
★名师点津
(1)简单的数据可采用“推算法”，即以有关数据为基础，进行简单的运算。
(2)数据较多的文章，通常采用“列表法”，即按一定的规律将数据分门别类地列出，化模糊为清晰，为计算打下基础。
[即学即练]
A
If Kangkang wants t learn English n Saturday，it'll cst him a day.
A．￥50 B．￥100 C．￥150 D．￥200
C [浏览题目后可知，答案应该在第二个表格City English Center内寻找。阅读表格内信息可以得知，英语课一小时50元，从8：00～11：00一天上课3小时。题目中问康康在周六学英语，一天需花费多少钱？通过分析可得50元/小时×3小时＝150元。因此答案选择C。]
B
“Let's g dwn ne mre，push yur enter key...” says a vlunteer helping senir citizens wrk a web sessin n the Internet.
David Lansdale has fund a way t light up the lives f the elderly.He gets them wired t the Internet.“If yu hit yur enter key，it will bring up this particular email...”
Pauline Allen is ne f thse wh has started using the Internet.“I thught I was thrugh with life，I was ready fr a rcking chair，because I was 86 years ld.And I haven't fund the rcking chair yet.”“Yu fund the keybard？” asks the reprter.“That's right，I fund the keybard.”
The average age f Lansdale's students is arund 68.All are in nursing r assisted care hmes.He used family relatinships t intrduce them t the Wrld Wide Web.
David Lansdale says，“Here they are in Califrnia，the family was back in New Yrk，the pprtunity t cnnect，t crss the time and space，was incredibly precius pprtunity t them.”
“I hear yu are s beautiful.” Lillian Sher writes an email t a newbrn great granddaughter.
Wrking with ne anther，the senir learn as a grup.They learn t master the Internet and t vercme what Lansdale calls the maladies f the institutinalized：lneliness，helplessness，bredm，and lss f memry.
Mary Harvey says，“Bing just desn't interest me.But this des，believe me，this des.”
Ninetyfur year ld Ruth Hyman is a star pupil and instructr.She says，“When I send a letter t my grandchildren，and great grandchildren，they hang it up in their ffices，just like I used t hang their drawings n my refrigeratr.Ha，ha.”
David Lansdale says，“There's a cllective benefit.There is an element f treatment.Remember we started as a supprt grup.”
Dixn Mrehuse says，“I just wish I was 15 years ld and getting t learn all this.” The senir call their weekly meetings Mnday Night Live.And many say the meetings have given them new life.
Ruth Hyman says，“Three years ag，they tld me I wasn't ging t live.But I shwed them，and gt wrk，and I've wrked ever since.”
Hw many examples des the writer give t prve that the senir enjy the Internet?
A．Fur. B．Five. C．Six. D．Seven.
B [本文主要讲述老年人学习上网的情况，其中David Lansdale是这一活动的举办者，不应算在本题所要求的数目之内，末段的Ruth Hyman前文已经出现，不应重复计数，故文章中所列实例分别是：Pauline Allen、Lillian Sher、Mary Harvey、Ruth Hyman和Dixn Mrehuse共五人。故选项B正确。]
Fr Sale(出售)
Onebedrm apartment
It's near N.1 High Schl.
There is a park，a library and a supermarket near here.Right price.
Tel：86825044
Time：10：00 a．m.4：00 p．m.
City English Center
Gd English teachers give classes frm 8：00 a．m. t 11：00 a．m.n weekends.Classes are ￥50 an hur.
Please call Lisa at 53545156 n weekdays.
Time：9：00 a．m.4：00 p．m.
Fr Rent
One hundred bikes.
All bikes are new and clrful.It's near the Center Hspital.
Ten yuan a day.
Fund
Call Mr.Li at 33843535 every day.
A green MP4 n the playgrund n Mnday evening.
See Lin Ta in Class 4，Grade 7.
Rm 518，Building B.
阅读P7－9教材课文，选择最佳答案。
1．Why did Qian Xuesen change his majr t aviatin?
A．Because he was nt interested in his frmer majr.
B．Because he culd get a well paid jb in the future.
C．Because he felt it his duty t help his hmeland.
D．Because the cuntry asked him t d s.
2．What made Qian Xuesen s creative and utstanding accrding t the passage?
A．His strng interest in art like music and drawing.
B．His research in the United States.
C．His friends' encuragement.
D．His habit f reading a lt.
3．Hw lng did Qian Xuesen stay in the United States?
A．Abut 15 years.B．Abut 20 years.
C．Abut 25 years. D．Abut 30 years.
4．Hw was Hawking's wn thery prved crrect?
A．Fred Hyle admitted the mistake himself.
B．He wrked with thers t prve it true.
C．He pinted ut and crrected Fred Hyle's mistake in the maths.
D．Hawking was ne f the mst famus scientists in physics at the mment.
5．What's the main idea f the passage?
A．Being careful is the key t success.
B．A great scientist is a man wh wrks hard.
C．A great scientist shuld be hardwrking，determined and full f lve.
D．As lng as a persn is intelligent and brilliant，he will make a great scientist.
[答案] 1－5 CABCC
Wrds and Phrases
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点1) pur vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)
(教材P7) A nnNewtnian fluid is strange because yu can pur it like a liquid，but if yu put any pressure n it，it suddenly becmes hard as cncrete.
非牛顿流体很奇怪，因为你可以把它像液体一样倒出来，但如果你对它施加压力，它会突然变得像混凝土一样硬。
[例1] After the meeting the peple pured ut in crwds.
散会后人们成群地涌出来。
[例2] Peple pured int the hall.
人们涌进大厅。
[知识拓展]
pur in 涌进
pur int 涌进……
pur ut 倒出；涌出；倾诉
pur ut f... 从……中涌出来
pur dwn (雨)倾盆而降
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①The rays f the sun pured in thrugh the windw.
②The river purs int the sea.
③Sbbing，she pured ut the whle stry.
④He was seriusly wunded.Bld pured ut f the wund.
⑤The strm cluds gathered and the rain pured dwn．
乌云密布，下起了倾盆大雨。
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点2) break ut(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发
(教材P7) Hwever，after the Snghu Battle brke ut in 1932，Qian made the decisin t switch his majr t aviatin because he realised that China needed its wn pwerful air frce t prtect and defend the cuntry.
然而，在1932年“淞沪会战”爆发后，钱学森决定转学航空专业，因为他意识到中国需要自己强大的空军来保护和保卫国家。
[例1] Smething unexpected always breaks ut in this area.
在这一地区总有意想不到的事情发生。
[例2] The Secnd Wrld War brke ut in September 1939.
第二次世界大战爆发于1939年9月。
[知识拓展]
break in 强行进入；打断
break thrugh 突破；冲破
break up 破碎；解散；分手
break ff 断开；中断；停顿
break away frm 逃脱；脱离
break int 强行闯入；突然开始
break dwn 出故障；垮掉
[即学即练] 完成句子
①He brke int my huse and stle my mney.
他闯进我家偷了我的钱。
②The meeting brke up at eleven 'clck.
在11点钟散会。
③Once yu jin them，yu can never break away frm them.
一旦你入了他们的伙，你就永远不能脱离他们。
④If yu g n wrking like that，yu will break dwn sner r later.
如果你继续像那样工作的话，你迟早会累垮的。
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点3) in charge f主管；掌管
(教材P8) He received a her's welcme frm his hmeland and was put in charge f nt nly develping China's rcket science but als its space and missile prgramme.
他受到了来自祖国的英雄般的欢迎，不仅负责发展中国的火箭科学，还负责中国的太空和导弹计划。
[例1] I'll be in charge f the whle factry next week when the directr is away.
下周厂长不在时，我将负责整个工厂。
[例2] The ck is in charge f the kitchen helper.
这位厨师负责管理帮厨工。
[知识拓展]
take charge f 掌管/负责……
in charge f 控制/管理……
free f charge 免费
in sb.'s charge＝in the charge f sb.
由……主管(含被动意义)
[即学即练] 完成句子/一句多译
①The cmpany was badly rganized until she tk charge f it.
公司管理很差，直到她掌管为止。
②The perfrmers have all ffered their services free f charge.
演员们都愿意免费出演。
③The teacher is in charge f the class．
这位教师负责这个班。
④The cmpany is in the charge f Tm when the bss is away.
＝Tm is in charge f the cmpany when the bss is away.
当老板不在的时候由汤姆负责公司业务。
eq \a\vs4\al(知识要点4) fault n. 弱点；过错
(教材P9) Abve all，Hawking was willing t admit his faults.
最重要的是，霍金愿意承认自己的错误。
[例1] It was all my fault.
这都是我的错。
[例2] There is a fault in this machine.
这台机器出了故障。
[知识拓展]
find fault with sb. 挑某人的毛病；对某人吹毛求疵
find fault in 看出……的缺点；找出……的毛病
[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子
①He is always finding fault with me，which makes me very angry.
②I can't find fault in yur paper.It is perfect.
③Her greatest fault is that she talks t much.
她最大的缺点是话太多。
Sentence Pattern
eq \a\vs4\al(重点句式) “否定词＋比较级”表示最高级
(教材P7) Perhaps n ther scientist has had a greater impact n China's aerspace science than Qian Xuesen.
也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。
句式分析：句中为“否定词＋形容词/副词比较级＋than”结构，表示最高级。
[例1] Unfrtunately，the technlgy f climate change is n simpler than anything else.
不幸的是，改变气候的科技比任何事情都要复杂。
[例2] What a wnderful nvel！I have never read a mre mving ne.
多么好的一本小说啊！我从未读过比这更感人的了。
[知识拓展]
表示最高级意义的其他常见结构：
never＋比较级
nthing/n＋s＋原级＋as...
nthing/n＋比较级＋than...
比较级＋than＋eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(any＋单数名词,any ther＋单数名词,all（the）ther＋复数名词,anyne else,any f the ther＋复数名词,the rest f＋复数名词或不可数名词))
[即学即练] 完成句子
①I have never spent a mre wrrying day．
我从来没有经历过比这更令人担忧的一天了。
②Tm is mre intelligent than any ther student/all the ther students in his class.
汤姆是他班上最聪明的学生。
③Nthing is as/s imprtant as(＝mre imprtant than) practice.
实践最重要。
④N ther bk has had a greater effect n my life.
再没有别的书对我的生活有更大的影响了。
数据信息题——“加减乘除”法
[典例剖析]
In a recycling ecnmy，we wuld make ne set f 100 cans t start with，then replace them ver and ver again with recycled cans.Since almst 3% f the metal is lst during reprcessing，we'd have t make an extra 10 cans each year.eq \x(But in all，nly 150 cans will be used) eq \x(up ver the cat's lifetime)—and we'll still have 100 left ver fr the next cat.
Hw many cans will be used up in a cat's 15year lifetime in a recycling ecnmy?
A．50. B．100. C．150. D．250.
★试题特点
数据信息题一般需要根据阅读材料中给出的有关数据，通过计算(加减乘除)，得出正确的结论。
★解题思路
Step 1：确定题干中的关键词(题干黑体部分)；
Step 2：根据关键词定位信息句(Ｋ中部分)；
Step 3：尝试解答——根据信息句可知，在循环经济中，要养活一只存活15年的猫需要用掉150个罐。故选C。
★名师点津
(1)简单的数据可采用“推算法”，即以有关数据为基础，进行简单的运算。
(2)数据较多的文章，通常采用“列表法”，即按一定的规律将数据分门别类地列出，化模糊为清晰，为计算打下基础。
[即学即练]
A
If Kangkang wants t learn English n Saturday，it'll cst him a day.
A．￥50 B．￥100 C．￥150 D．￥200
C [浏览题目后可知，答案应该在第二个表格City English Center内寻找。阅读表格内信息可以得知，英语课一小时50元，从8：00～11：00一天上课3小时。题目中问康康在周六学英语，一天需花费多少钱？通过分析可得50元/小时×3小时＝150元。因此答案选择C。]
B
“Let's g dwn ne mre，push yur enter key...” says a vlunteer helping senir citizens wrk a web sessin n the Internet.
David Lansdale has fund a way t light up the lives f the elderly.He gets them wired t the Internet.“If yu hit yur enter key，it will bring up this particular email...”
Pauline Allen is ne f thse wh has started using the Internet.“I thught I was thrugh with life，I was ready fr a rcking chair，because I was 86 years ld.And I haven't fund the rcking chair yet.”“Yu fund the keybard？” asks the reprter.“That's right，I fund the keybard.”
The average age f Lansdale's students is arund 68.All are in nursing r assisted care hmes.He used family relatinships t intrduce them t the Wrld Wide Web.
David Lansdale says，“Here they are in Califrnia，the family was back in New Yrk，the pprtunity t cnnect，t crss the time and space，was incredibly precius pprtunity t them.”
“I hear yu are s beautiful.” Lillian Sher writes an email t a newbrn great granddaughter.
Wrking with ne anther，the senir learn as a grup.They learn t master the Internet and t vercme what Lansdale calls the maladies f the institutinalized：lneliness，helplessness，bredm，and lss f memry.
Mary Harvey says，“Bing just desn't interest me.But this des，believe me，this des.”
Ninetyfur year ld Ruth Hyman is a star pupil and instructr.She says，“When I send a letter t my grandchildren，and great grandchildren，they hang it up in their ffices，just like I used t hang their drawings n my refrigeratr.Ha，ha.”
David Lansdale says，“There's a cllective benefit.There is an element f treatment.Remember we started as a supprt grup.”
Dixn Mrehuse says，“I just wish I was 15 years ld and getting t learn all this.” The senir call their weekly meetings Mnday Night Live.And many say the meetings have given them new life.
Ruth Hyman says，“Three years ag，they tld me I wasn't ging t live.But I shwed them，and gt wrk，and I've wrked ever since.”
Hw many examples des the writer give t prve that the senir enjy the Internet?
A．Fur. B．Five. C．Six. D．Seven.
B [本文主要讲述老年人学习上网的情况，其中David Lansdale是这一活动的举办者，不应算在本题所要求的数目之内，末段的Ruth Hyman前文已经出现，不应重复计数，故文章中所列实例分别是：Pauline Allen、Lillian Sher、Mary Harvey、Ruth Hyman和Dixn Mrehuse共五人。故选项B正确。]
Fr Sale(出售)
Onebedrm apartment
It's near N.1 High Schl.
There is a park，a library and a supermarket near here.Right price.
Tel：86825044
Time：10：00 a．m.4：00 p．m.
City English Center
Gd English teachers give classes frm 8：00 a．m. t 11：00 a．m.n weekends.Classes are ￥50 an hur.
Please call Lisa at 53545156 n weekdays.
Time：9：00 a．m.4：00 p．m.
Fr Rent
One hundred bikes.
All bikes are new and clrful.It's near the Center Hspital.
Ten yuan a day.
Fund
Call Mr.Li at 33843535 every day.
A green MP4 n the playgrund n Mnday evening.
See Lin Ta in Class 4，Grade 7.
Rm 518，Building B.
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