人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 5 Languages around the world学案

单元素养培优(六) Unit 5

Ⅰ. 单词拼写

1. Australians are justly proud of their native(当地的) wildlife.

2. They’ve spent nearly a billion (十亿) dollars on the research already.

3. What is the specific(确切的) aim of your working so hard?

4. Despite(尽管) the bad weather,  she still worked in the field.

5. The main factor (因素) in deciding whether or not to do so is the size of your project.

6. Mandela has become a symbol (象征) of the blacks fighting against the whites in South Africa.

7. There are two mainly different political parties to play an important part in the state affairs (事务) in this country.

8. The majority of us feel worried if we walk through a subway (地铁).

9. Most of the apartments(公寓)in the high-rise building have heat in winter.

10. China has always insisted that all countries,  big or small,  should be equal(平等的).

Ⅱ. 单句语法填空

1. This is an old building dating(date) back to the 14th century.

2. They joined us in the discussion on how to stop global (globe) warming.

3. Beijing is filled with people from varieties(variety) of parts of China.

4. I would appreciate it if you can recommend a pen pal to me.

5. He graduated from Taiwan University in 1952,  majoring(major) in Foreign Language.

6. I wrote down the name and phone number of the hotel for future reference(refer).

7. My teacher demanded that the papers (should) be handed(hand) in in 40 minutes.  

8. I think that your advice is of great importance for my English study.

9. Some friends suggest I watch movies based(base) on the books instead.

Ⅲ. 选词填空

refer to, ups and downs, date back to, relate to, play an important role in, all the way, lead to, point of view, be based on

1. What he said at the meeting didn’t refer to you.  

2. Robots are playing an important role in industrial production.  

3. We plan to put on a play named Alice in Wonderland,  which is based on a movie of the same title.  

4. Generally speaking,  we will experience ups and downs before we succeed.  

5. As far as I know,  most of the Great Wall dates back to the Ming Dynasty.  

6. Long-term stress(压力) can lead to a variety of serious mental illnesses.  

7. Breathing the fresh air,  we three talked and laughed all the way.  

8. This law relates to our daily life.  

9. From my point of view,  we should do some voluntary work in our free time.  

Ⅳ. 用本单元的语法知识填空

1. This was a period when we Chinese went through a lot of sufferings.

2. The gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.

3. I will never forget the scene where you risked(冒险) your life to save the injured.

4. Paul’s friend didn’t know the real reason for which he looked so sad today.

5. The picture always reminds me of the moments which/that we spent together in the high school.

6. They explained the way to us which/that can greatly reduce energy waste.

7. I don’t know the reason why he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday.

8. Yesterday we visited the Baotu Spring for which Jinan is famous.

Ⅴ. 阅读理解

A

(2021·余姚高一检测)

　　If English means endless new words,  difficult grammar and sometimes strange pronunciation,  you are wrong. Haven’t you noticed that you have become smarter since you started to learn a language?

According to a new study by a British university,  learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brain power. Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter. This is the area of the brain which processes information. It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles.

The study also found the effect is greater when the younger people learn a second language.  A team led by Dr. Andrea Mechelli,  from London University,  took a group of Britain people who only spoke English. They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals” who had learnt a second language before the age of five,  as well as a number of later learners.

Scans showed that grey matter density in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language. But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language,  the smaller the difference was.

“Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language, ” said the scientists. It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn.

Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales has researched the link between bilingualism and math skill. “Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible, ” he said. “You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas. ”

The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a second language between the ages of 2 and 34. Reading,  writing and comprehension were all tested. The results showed that the younger they started to learn,  the better. “Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world, ” explained the scientists.

【文章大意】研究显示, 学习一门外语能够增强脑力, 增强人的学习能力, 这是因为学习外语改变了大脑的灰质, 大脑灰质负责对信息的处理。研究还发现, 越早学习一门外语, 学习能力越强。

1. What’s the main subject talked about in this passage?

A. Science on learning a second language.

B. Man’s ability of learning a second language.

C. Language can help brain power.

D. Language learning and math study.

【解析】选C。主旨大意题。由第二段可知, 根据英国一所大学的一项新研究, 学习第二语言可以提高你的脑力。结合下文, 通过一些科学研究和科学家的实验都证明了这个观点。所以本文主要讨论的主题是语言有助于增强脑力。故选C。

2. In the second paragraph,  the writer mentions “exercise” in order to 　　　.  

A. say language is also a kind of physical labor

B. prove that one needs more practice when he/she is learning a language

C. show the importance of using the language when you learn the language

D. make people believe language learning helps grey matter work well

【解析】选D。推理判断题。由第二段可知, 研究人员发现, 学习其他语言会改变大脑的灰质。这是大脑中处理信息的区域, 这与锻炼肌肉的方式类似。作者认为语言学习对大脑的促进作用和锻炼对肌肉的促进作用一样, 即只要学习一门语言就会促进大脑灰质发挥作用。由此推知, 在第二段中作者提到“exercise”是为了让人们相信, 语言学习促进大脑灰质很好地发挥它的作用。故选D。

3. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?

A. Learning a second language is the same as studying math.

B. Early learning of a second language helps you a great deal in study other subjects.

C. Italian is the best choice for you as a second language.

D. We’d better choose the ages between 2 and 34 to learn a second language.

【解析】选B。推理判断题。由最后一段可知, 研究人员对以意大利语为母语,  在2岁至34岁之间将英语作为第二语言的人进行了调查。他们对阅读、写作和理解都进行了测试。结果表明, 他们越早学习一门语言, 对学习其他科目的效果就越好。所以通过研究结果可以判断出, 作者想告诉我们, 早些学习一门语言对学习其他科目有很大帮助。故选B。

B

(2021·青岛高一检测)

　　Online,  English has become a common language for users from around the world. In the process,  the language itself is changing. There are now thought to be some 4. 5 billion web pages worldwide. Some language experts predict that within 10 years English will occupy the Internet — but in forms it is very different to what we accept and recognize as English today.

That’s because people who speak English as a second language already outnumber native speakers. And increasingly,  they use it to communicate with other non-native speakers,  particularly on the Internet where less attention is paid to grammar and spelling and users don’t have to worry about their accent (口音).

Users of Facebook already socialize in a number of different “Englishes” including Indian English,  Spanish English and Korean English. While these different styles have long existed within their cultures,  they’re now expanding and coming online. Technology companies are introducing newly-developed English words with products aimed at enabling users to add words that are not already in the English dictionary. And most large companies have English websites,  while smaller businesses are learning that they need a common language — English — to reach global customers.

The increasing popularity of the Internet allows more languages to develop quickly.

“Most people actually speak several languages—it’s less common to only speak one, ” says Mr Munro. “English has taken its place as the world’s common language,  but it’s not pushing out other languages. ” Instead,  other languages are pushing their way into English,  and in the process creating something new.

【文章大意】英语在网上应用频繁, 在这个过程中语言在改变, 专家预测10年内, 英语会在网上占主要地位, 但形式会与现在的英语不同。

4. What does the text mainly talk about?

A. English is a common language around the world.

B. There are now many different language styles.

C. English language is developing with the Internet.

D. Smaller businesses are learning a common language.

【解析】选C。主旨大意题。由第一段可知, 在网上, 英语成为世界范围内用户的普遍语言。在这个过程中, 语言自己也在改变。现在有45亿网页。一些专家预测在10年内, 英语会占据网络, 但形式会与我们现在接受和认为的英语不同。由此可以推断出文章谈论的是英语随着网络的发展。故选C。

5. Which of the following is NOT true about online communication?

A. People need to spell exactly.

B. Grammar is not so important.

C. People do not care about their accent.

D. Most English-speakers are not native speakers.

【解析】选A。细节理解题。由第二段可知, 逐渐地, 他们使用英语与非本地人交流, 尤其是在网上, 语法、拼写和口音都不必太在意。由此可以看出: 网上交流时, 人们不需要拼写完全正确也可以。故在网上交流时“人们需要准确拼写”与原文不符。故选A。

6. What can we infer from the text?

A. We can only communicate online in English.

B. It’s impossible to find all the English words in the dictionary.

C. Some technology companies start to publish English dictionaries.

D. Smaller businesses are not allowed to have English websites.

【解析】选B。细节理解题。由第三段可知, 因为产品, 技术公司会介绍新发展的英语单词, 这是为了用户能理解英语字典中没有的单词。所以, 不可能在字典中查到所有的单词。故选B。

7. What can we learn from what Mr Munro said?

A. The other languages are enriching English.

B. One can’t live well without speaking several languages.

C. English will become the only language in the world.

D. Chinese used to be the world’s common language.

【解析】选A。细节理解题。由最后一段中的“other languages are pushing their way into English,  and in the process creating something new. ”可知, 其他语言在进入英语, 在这个过程中创造了一些新的东西。也就是说其他的语言与英语融合, 丰富了英语, 故选A。

C

(2021·桂林高一检测)

　　When Faith Wanjiku graduated from the Technical University of Kenya last year,  she immediately enrolled (注册) at the Confucius Institute in Kenyatta University. She wanted to learn Chinese,  as she believed that it would help her land a good job.

She has just completed the Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi (HSK) 3 exam. HSK is a test of Chinese language level for non-native speakers,  organized by the Confucius Institute Headquarters.

However,  this level isn’t enough for Wanjiku,  who plans to pass HSK 6. She wanted to increase her level of Chinese and improve her spoken Chinese. And Wanjiku isn’t alone. The number of people taking the HSK reached 6. 8 million in 2018 and went up 4. 6 percent from a year earlier,  the Ministry of Education said on May 31.  

Chinese is becoming an increasingly popular choice of language to study around the world. Currently,  middle school students in Russia can take Chinese as an elective language test in the country’s national college entrance exam,  Sputnik News reported.

In May,  Zambia became the fourth country in Africa—after Kenya,  Uganda and South Africa—to introduce Chinese language to its schools.

And many English-speaking countries have shown an interest in allowing their students to learn Chinese. The US government announced the launch of “1 Million Strong” in 2015,  a plan that aims to bring the total number of learners of Chinese to l million by 2020.

Behind the growing popularity of Chinese language learning is the international community’s positive attitude toward China’s future development,  as well as the people’s longing to learn about Chinese civilization and culture.

Indeed,  it’s as the former president of South Africa Nelson Mandela put it,  “if you talk to a man in a language he understands,  that goes to his head. If you talk to him in his own language,  that goes to his heart. ”

【文章大意】Wanjiku毕业后想学汉语。HSK是由孔子学院总部组织的针对非母语人士的汉语水平测试。汉语正成为世界各地越来越受欢迎的语言学习选择。

8. What did Wanjiku do after graduating from university?

A. She went abroad.

B. She learned Chinese.

C. She found a job.

D. She travelled to China.

【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段中She wanted to learn Chinese,  as she believed that it would help her land a good job. “她想学汉语, 因为她相信这会帮助她找到一份好工作。”可知, 毕业后Wanjiku想学汉语。故选B。

9. HSK is a test for 　　　.  

A. non-native speakers

B. native speakers

C. middle school students

D. college students

【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段中HSK is a test of Chinese language level for non-native speakers,  organized by the Confucius Institute Headquarters. “HSK是由孔子学院总部组织的针对非母语人士的汉语水平测试。”可知, 汉语水平考试是一项针对非母语人士的考试。故选A。

10. What does the underlined sentence mean?

A. Wanjiku has lots of friends.

B. Lots of people want to pass HSK6 exam.

C. Wanjiku has passed HSK3 exam.

D. Many people want to live in China.

【解析】选B。句意猜测题。根据第三段中The number of people taking the HSK reached 6. 8 million in 2018 and went up 4. 6 percent from a year earlier,  the Ministry of Education said on May 31. “教育部5月31日表示, 2018年参加HSK考试的人数达到680万, 同比增长4. 6%。”由此推知, 画线句子的意思是“很多人都想通过HSK6考试。”故选B。

11. What may be the best title for the text?

A. Chinese Language Study Takes Off

B. Chinese Plays an Important Role in Economy

C. People Share the Experience of Learning Chinese

D. Different Opinions about the Function of Chinese

【解析】选A。标题归纳题。根据第四段可知, 汉语正成为世界各地越来越受欢迎的语言学习选择。根据俄罗斯卫星新闻报道, 目前, 俄罗斯的中学生可以在全国大学入学考试中选修汉语。由此可知, 汉语学习正在腾飞。故选A。

Ⅵ. 完形填空

(2021·重庆高一检测)

　　My daughter loved dance,  until she didn’t. After a(n) 　1　 first year,  I noticed her interest disappearing week by week. Then,  one day,  she slowly 　2　 to me before class and asked if she could just drop it.  

My first reaction was to 　3　 her to “finish what you start”. After all,  sticking with something difficult can teach determination,  discipline and 　4　. But watching my first-grader drag (勉强) herself into each ballet position,  I started to 　5　 how much that “blanket advice” meant. Is it really in my kid’s best interest,  or even practical,  to make her stick to every promise through until she reaches a bitter 　6　?  What if there are different but 　7　 valuable qualities,  which can be gained by giving up the things that are not right for her?  

With the winter show coming near,  I realized she needed to either drop her class or devote herself to it. After a few days’ 　8　,  she decided dance wasn’t for her — a(n) 　9　 I supported. Quitting is never a black-and-white problem. Sometimes,  it means 　10　 a barrier in your way to love something else. In my daughter’s case,  ending dance made space for her new 　11　,  such as horseback riding and Girl Scouts. She’s into them for now,  but it is okay if that still changes.  

As adults,  we are used to 　12　 the power of saying yes,  but what about saying no?  The ability to recognize when something isn’t a(n) 　13　 investment (投资) of our time or energy is also important. As my daughter gets older,  I want her to feel confident to 　14　 something that’s no longer meeting her needs. She shouldn’t be held back by the thought that she must 　15　 something at any cost simply because she has started.  

【文章大意】文章主要通过讲述作者让女儿学习舞蹈这件事告诉我们要懂得适时放弃, 才能更好追求适合自己的。而且家长还要尊重孩子的喜好。

1. A. annoying　　　 B. independent

C. enthusiastic   D. confusing

【解析】选C。句意: 第一年她很热情, 之后我注意到她的兴趣一点点地减退。 annoying 令人恼火的; independent 独立的; enthusiastic 热情的; confusing 令人困惑的。根据前文“My daughter loved dance,  until she didn’t”以及后文“I noticed her interest disappearing week by week. ”可知女儿开始是喜欢舞蹈的, 后来兴趣才慢慢减退, 所以开始的一年应该是有热情的, 故选C。

2. A. ran　 　B. jumped　 C. climbed　 D. walked

【解析】选D。句意: 然后, 有一天, 她在上课前慢慢地走到我面前, 问我是否可以不跳舞。空格前有副词slowly“慢慢地”修饰, 而且女儿是想要征求作者同意放弃跳舞, 内心也是紧张不安的, 所以应该是慢慢走到作者跟前, 故选D。

3. A. advise B. invite C. allow D. order

【解析】选A。句意: 我的第一反应是建议她: “完成你开始做的事”。根据第5空后“how much that ‘blanket advice’ meant”, 可知, 作者开始质疑这个意见的意义, 所以上文作者给女儿的是建议, 这里的“advice”为提示词, 故选A。

4. A. worry B. confidence

C. fright  D. kindness

【解析】选B。句意: 毕竟, 坚持做一些困难的事情可以培养毅力、纪律和信心。一般来说, 坚持做困难的事, 会培养人的毅力, 增强信心, 带来的是积极方面的改变, 结合选项, 故选B。

5. A. answer B. question C. agree D. accept

【解析】选B。句意: 但看着我的这个一年级学生勉强做出每一个芭蕾舞姿势, 我开始质疑这个“笼统的建议”到底有多少意义。看着自己的女儿这么不情愿跳舞, 作者肯定会怀疑自己当初让女儿坚持的这个建议究竟有多少意义。结合选项, 故选B。

6. A. end  B. space

C. side   D. direction

【解析】选A。句意: 让她坚持每一个承诺, 直到她走到痛苦的尽头, 这真的对我的孩子最有利吗? 分析句子结构, 所填名词应与之前动词reach搭配, reach the bitter end, “到达痛苦的终点”, 而且一般来说, 既然stick to“坚持”, 就要坚持到最后。作者是在反思让女儿这么不情愿地坚持跳舞到最后, 真的是可取的吗? 结合选项, 故选A。

7. A. partly  B. hardly

C. equally  D. obviously

【解析】选C。句意: 如果有不同但同样有价值的品质, 这些品质可以通过放手不适合她的事情来获得, 那会怎样呢?  partly 部分地;  hardly几乎不; equally 同等地; obviously 明显地。空格是副词来修饰形容词valuable, 根据句意和语境可知, 作者在这里将舞蹈与其他技能相对比: 不同但价值等同, 结合选项, 故选C。

8. A. description  B. consideration

C. observation   D. imagination

【解析】选B。句意: 经过几天的考虑, 她认为跳舞不适合她——我支持这个选择。description 描述; consideration 考虑; observation 观察; imagination 想象。根据上文“With the winter show coming near,  I realized she needed to either drop her class or devote herself to it. ”, 可知, 作者意识到女儿需要选择是放弃舞蹈还是全身心地跳下去。结合选项, 女儿是经过几天的考虑, 作出了选择, 故选B。

9. A. challenge  B. chance

C. choice   D. failure

【解析】选C。challenge 挑战; chance 机会; choice 选择; failure 失败。根据“she decided dance wasn’t for her”可知, 女儿决定不再跳舞, 这是她做出的选择, 故选C。

10. A. setting  B. forgetting

C. building  D. clearing

【解析】选D。句意: 有时候, 这意味着扫除你培养其他爱好路上的障碍。根据上文可知, 女儿放弃跳舞, 下文中“ending dance made space for her new　　　”, 结束舞蹈为她新的爱好腾地儿了, 这句话的made space“腾出空间”与clear barrier“清理障碍物”含义一致, 故选D。 

11. A. ideas B. camps

C. courses  D. hobbies

【解析】选D。句意: 在我女儿这件事中, 结束舞蹈为她新的爱好腾出空间了, 比如骑马和参加女童子军。根据上文女儿放弃舞蹈, 去追求的应该是自己喜欢的, 而且空格后的例子是骑马和参加女童子军, 再结合选项, 应该指的是爱好, 故选D。

12. A. warning   B. doubting

C. stressing   D. ignoring

【解析】选C。句意: 作为成年人, 我们习惯于强调说“是”的力量, 但说“不”呢? 结合上文, 我们常常劝孩子坚持一件事, 不管是否喜欢, 都不愿意选择放弃, 再结合下文“The ability to recognize when something isn’t a(n)　　　investment of our time or energy is also important. ”知道什么时候不适合投入我们的时间和精力也很重要, 也就是说“不”的能力也重要, 空格前后两句用“but”连接, 表示转折关系, 所以我们强调的是“是”的力量, 故选C。 

13. A. suitable  B. unfair

C. extra   D. informal

【解析】选A。句意: 意识到什么时候不适合投入我们的时间和精力也很重要。 suitable 合适的; unfair 不公平的; extra 额外的; informal 非正式的。根据前文“saying no”可知, 我们要重视说“不”的力量, 所以这里应是指要知道哪些是不合适的时间投资和精力投入, 然后说“不”。故选A。

14. A. hold  B. quit  C. value D. accept

【解析】选B。句意: 随着我女儿的成长, 我希望她能自信地放弃一些不再满足她需求的东西。 hold 拿着; quit 放弃; value 珍惜; accept 接受。空格后宾语是不再满足她需要的东西, 再结合上文要对不适合投入的事情“saying no”, 结合选项意思, 故选B。

15. A. spare B. change  C. admit D. finish

【解析】选D。句意: 她不应该因为已经开始就认为必须不惜任何代价完成某件事而裹足不前。根据前文“finish what you start”完成你已经开始做的, 此句是说不应该因为已经开始就认为必须不惜任何代价完成某件事。用finish与前面的start相呼应。故选D。

Ⅶ. 语法填空

　　A week ago,  when I went down the stairs,  my neighbor Ivy stood at her door.  She asked me why I had stopped 1. 　　　　(visit) her family,  as they had been waiting for me to come to play with them.  I didn’t want to tell her the fact because my dad and mom 2. 　　　　(warn) me of the danger of going into a neighbor’s house.  

3. 　　　　(final),  I decided to follow her into her house because my dad and mom were going on their business at that time.  I wanted to find out the “danger”

4. 　　　　my own.  There were four people in her family—Ivy,  her mother,  her husband,  and her son 5. 　　　　was two years and a half 6. 　　　　(young) than me.  I played with her son all the afternoon and we kept laughing and shouting.  I was so happy that I even forgot 7. 　　　　time.  Ivy invited me

8. 　　　　(have) dinner with them.  I just couldn’t refuse her and we had another good time while having dinner.  

I 9. 　　　　(want) to tell my parents of the truth that I didn’t find the “danger” in our neighbor’s house.  Instead,  what I really got were 10. 　　　　(kind) and warmth from the whole family.  

【文章大意】主要记叙了作者一周前不顾爸爸妈妈的警告, 进入了邻居Ivy的家里, 作者和她的儿子玩了一下午, 一直有说有笑甚至忘了时间。最后与他们一起共进晚餐。作者想要告诉父母自己并没有在邻居的房子里发现“危险”。相反, 真正得到的是来自整个家庭的温暖和善良。

1. 【解析】visiting。考查非谓语动词。根据短语stop doing sth. 表示“停止做某事”。故填visiting。

2. 【解析】had warned。考查时态。句意: 因为我的爸爸妈妈之前警告过我去邻居家的危险。作者去邻居家是过去时, 之前爸爸妈妈的警告应用过去完成时。故填had warned。

3. 【解析】Finally。考查副词。修饰后文整个句子应用副词finally, 表示“最后”, 句首字母要大写。故填Finally。

4. 【解析】on。考查介词。根据短语on one’s own表示“独自地”。故填on。

5. 【解析】who/that。考查定语从句。此处为定语从句修饰先行词son, 且先行词在从句中作主语, 指人, 故用关系代词who或that。故填who/that。

6. 【解析】younger。考查比较级。根据后文than me可知应用形容词比较级。故填younger。

7. 【解析】the。考查冠词。句意: 我很高兴, 甚至忘记了时间。此处time “时间”为特指, 应用定冠词the。故填the。

8. 【解析】to have。考查非谓语动词。根据短语invite sb.  to do sth. 表示“邀请某人做某事”, 后跟不定式。故填to have。

9. 【解析】wanted。考查时态。句意: 我想要告诉爸爸妈妈的事实是并没有在邻居家的房子里发现“危险”。作者想要告诉爸爸妈妈是过去发生的事且整篇时态为过去时。故填wanted。

10. 【解析】kindness。考查名词。根据后文and warmth可知应填名词kindness, 表示“善良”。故填kindness。

Ⅷ. 读后续写

　　阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。

　　For many years I have been feeling pity for orphans(孤儿). They lack the love of their parents and need the love and help of others. So I am doing what I can to help them. I visited them many times to experience their daily life.

Three years ago I even lived with the orphans on the street. These kids would mostly beg through the day to buy some food for themselves or eat the food given to them by the people passing by. One unusual incident happened during my second week of staying with them on the sidewalk.

I sat with them and shared the meal I had bought for them from a nearby restaurant. They sat with me in a circle and happily started eating. Suddenly one of them, a twelve-year-old boy, caught my hand, looked at me and removed my watch. I neither refused nor said a word. This boy suddenly ran away with my watch, and I continued eating the meal without turning around to see where the little boy ran with my watch.

After about forty-five minutes he showed up and sat beside me again. I just looked at him and smiled without saying anything about the watch. The little boy took a small packet from his pocket, opened it, had a bite of the bread and offered the same bread to me. I took it and ate it willingly. As soon as I finished eating the bread, a smile appeared on his face. Slowly he put his hand in his pocket and returned my watch. I smiled at him and wore my watch once again. The little boy later on told me that I passed the test.

注意: 续写词数应为150个左右。

I was a little surprised and asked him what test I passed.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

　　Then I asked him why he gave me food to eat.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【参考范文】

　　I was a little surprised and asked him what test I passed.  He told me that he took the watch and ran away to see my reaction and for that good forty-five minutes he was hiding in a building and watching my expressions. He said that I simply kept quiet. There was no sign of anger or disappointment on my face. Nor did I start to catch up with him angrily. He said that meant I was generous and regarded him as one of my family members.

Then I asked him why he gave me food to eat. He told me that when I gave them something to eat,  they ate happily so he wanted to see whether I was happy to eat what he gave me. I happily ate the food he gave me in his presence. He was greatly moved and felt that I did not mind his dirt. I am one of them. I realized these kids are hungry for love and trust.

阅读理解

(2021·济宁高一检测)

　　After traveling ten years and hundreds of millions of kilometers,  a small probe (探测器) called Philae has for the first time landed on the surface of a comet,  a solar system object made of ice and rock.

Philae was sent from the European Space Agency’s main Rosetta spaceship early Wednesday,  November 12,  2014. Originally,  the mission of the spaceship was to target Comet 46P but when the launch was delayed due to problems with the Ariane 5 launch vehicle,  the mission was redirected to Comet 67P,  to study the appearance and materials that make up Comet 67P.

The Philae research probe left its mother ship Rosetta and then began a trip toward the comet and landed on its surface hours later. The effort to land on the comet was considered dangerous because just before the planned landing,  scientists identified problems in Philae’s active descent system thruster (推进器) used to land the probe.

Rosetta has been orbiting Comet 67P since August 2014. However,  it was sent up into space in March of 2004. The spaceship circled the sun until it was in position to meet with the comet.

Comets are the most primitive (原始的) objects in the solar system. Scientists think that they have kept a record of the physical and chemical processes that occurred during the early period when planets were formed. By studying Comet 67P’s make-up and history,  scientists wish to unlock the secret of the solar system and even the origin of human lives.

The Philae probe did a series of scientific experiments. Philae examined the materials that make up the comet looking for organic,  or carbon-based materials,  and inorganic materials. It lasted until March 2015,  when the comet was too close to the sun and the surface temperature was too high for Philae to operate.

【文章大意】短文报道了一个名为Philae航天器历史性着陆彗星的事件。

1. What was Rosetta launched to do?

A. To send Philae to Comet 67P safely.

B. To study the appearance of Comet 46P.

C. To collect information about Comet 67P.

D. To research on the make-up of the solar system.

【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段可知, 此项任务改为降落到67P号彗星, 研究67P号彗星的外观和物质构成。由此判断出发射Rosetta是为了收集彗星67P的信息。故选C。

2. Why was it hard for Philae to land on Comet 67P?

A. Due to technological issues.

B. As a result of power failure.

C. Because of lack of experience.

D. Due to problems in radio systems.

【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段可知, 登陆彗星的努力被认为是危险的, 因为就在计划的着陆之前, 科学家们发现了Philae用于着陆探测器的主动下降系统推进器存在问题。由此可知, 为什么“Philae”很难在67P彗星上着陆是由于技术问题。故选A。

3. What do scientists think of the research on comets?

A. Challenging.  B. Satisfying.

C. Meaningful.  D. Impractical.

【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知, 通过研究67P彗星的组成和历史, 科学家们希望解开太阳系的秘密, 甚至人类生命的起源。由此判断出, 科学家认为对彗星的研究是有意义的。故选C。

4. What may be the best title for the text?

A. Philae landing on Comet 67P

B. Another comet found in space

C. One step further in geography research

D. Great improvement in spaceship design

【解析】选A。主旨大意题。本文主要报道了一个名为Philae航天器历史性着陆彗星的事件。故选A。