人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Working the Land精品课后复习题

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Reading and Thinking

目标导航jing


重点
词汇
1．leaflet n．散页印刷品；传单；小册子
2．toxin n. 毒素(尤指细菌产生的致病物质)
3．fabric n. 织物；布料；(社会、机构等的)结构
4．layer n. 层；表层；层次
5．blister n. (皮肤上因摩擦、烫伤等引起的)水疱；(金属等表面的)气泡、水泡
6．technique n. 技能；技术；技艺
7．acid n. 酸adj. 酸的；酸性的
8．millimetre n. 毫米；千分之一米
9．victim n. 受害者；患者
10．underneath prep.& adv. 在……底下；隐藏在下面
11．organ n. (人或动植物的)器官
12．ray n. 光线；光束；(热、电等)射线
13．swallow vt.& vi. 吞下；咽下
14．paramedic n. 急救医生；护理人员
15．electric adj. 电的；用电的；电动的
词汇
拓展
1．radiation n．辐射；放射线→radiate v．(使品质或情感)显出，流露；(使热、光、能量)辐射，放射
2．minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的→minority n．少数；少数民族→major adj.主要的；重要的
3．swollen adj.(身体部位)肿起的；肿胀的→swell vi.(过去式swelled，过去分词swollen)膨胀；肿胀
4．nerve n．神经→nervous adj.焦虑的；神经质的；神经系统的
5．loose adj.松的；未系紧的；宽松的→loosely adv.宽松地；松散地；不精确地
6．urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的→urgency n．紧迫；急迫
7．ease v．减轻；缓解；使容易些；使顺利些 n．容易；舒适；自在→easy adj.容易的；舒适的→easily adv.容易地；轻易地
重点
词组
1．first and most important首先也是最重要的2．stick to... 粘到……上
3．apply...to 将……涂在……上4．send out 发出(光信号；声音等)
5．along with 与……一起6．come into contact with 与……接触
7．have trouble (in) doing... 做……有困难




重点
句型
1.It also helps control your body temperature，prevents your body from losing too much water，warns you when things are too hot or cold，and gives you your sense of touch.(教材P50)它还有助于控制你的体温，防止你的身体失去太多的水分，当东西太热或太冷时给你警告，还能给你触觉。
2.As you can imagine，getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.(教材P50)可想而知，烧伤会导致非常严重的伤害。
三． If the victim is suffering from second or third－degree burns，there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.(教材P51)如果患者是二度或三度烧伤，急需立即把他/她送到医院。
四．Well, if the car hadn’t been in an accident，that would be a good price，but it has a few minor problems.(教材P52)哦，如果这辆小汽车不是发生了车祸，那会是个好价钱，但是它有一些小毛病。

知识点睛jing



原文呈现
FIRST AID FOR BURNS①
The skin is an essential② part of your body and is its largest organ③.Your skin acts as a barrier against disease, toxins④， and the sun’s rays⑤.It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold，and gives you your sense of touch⑥.As you can imagine【1】，getting burnt【2】 can lead to very serious injuries⑦.The first and most important⑧ step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid【3】．
【1】此处为as引导的非限制性定语从句，as指代后面的主句。
【2】【3】处均为动词－ing形式的用法。getting burnt为动词－ing形式作主语，giving first aid为动词－ing形式作表语。
CAUSES OF BURNS
You can get burnt by a variety of things: hot liquids，steam, fire, radiation⑨， the sun, electricity, acids⑩， or other chemicals.
TYPES OF BURNS
Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage【4】．
【4】此处为现在分词短语作方式状语。
·First－degree burns These affect only the top few millimetres⑪ of the skin.These burns are not serious.Examples include mild sunburn⑫ and burns caused by other minor⑬ household incidents.
·Second－degree burns These go below the top layer⑭ of the skin.They are serious and take a few weeks to get better.Examples include burns caused by hot liquids.
·Third－degree burns These affect every layer of the skin, and sometimes the tissue⑮ under it.Examples include burns caused by electric⑯ shocks, burning clothes, or petrol fires.These burns cause very severe internal injuries⑰ and the victim⑱ must go to the hospital at once.
CHARACTERISTICS OF BURNS
First－degree burns
·dry, red, and mildly swollen⑲
·mildly painful
·turn white when pressed
Second－degree burns
·red and swollen; blisters⑳； watery surface
·extremely painful
Third－degree burns
·black and white
·swollen; the tissue underneath can often be seen
·little or no pain if nerves are damaged; may be painful around the edges of the burn
FIRST－AID TREATMENT
1 Place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes.The cool water stops the burning process and reduces the pain and swelling.
2 Dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth.
3 Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin【5】．
4 Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth.Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection【6】．
5 If burns are on the face, make sure the victim can still breathe.
6 If the victim is suffering from second or third－degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once【7】．
【5】本句为主从复合句。其中主句为Remove any clothes。using scissors为现在分词短语作方式状语；if necessary为if型省略句，其完整形式为if it is necessary；unless you...skin为unless引导的条件状语从句。
【6】此处为as引导的原因状语从句。
【7】画线部分为“There is a/no need to do sth”句型，该句型表示“有/没有必要做某事”。
课文译文
烧伤急救
皮肤是人体的重要组成部分，也是人体最大的器官。皮肤是抵御疾病、毒素和太阳光线的屏障。它还有助于控制体温，防止你的身体失去太多的水分，当事物过热或过冷时给你警告，还能让你有触觉。正如你所想的，皮肤烧伤会导致非常严重的伤害。治疗烧伤的第一步也是最重要的一步就是施行急救。
烧伤的原因
你可能会被各种各样的东西烧伤：灼热的液体、水蒸气、火、辐射、太阳、电、酸或其他化学物质。
烧伤的类型
根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤可分为三种类型。
·一度烧伤：这类烧伤只伤及皮肤表层几毫米。这些烧伤并不严重。例如轻微的晒伤和其他轻微的家务事故造成的灼伤。
·二度烧伤：这类烧伤伤及皮肤表层以下。它们是严重的，需要几个星期才能好起来。例如由热液引起的灼伤。
·三度烧伤：这类烧伤会伤及皮肤的每一层，有时还会影响皮下组织。例如由电击、衣服燃烧或汽油着火引起的烧伤。这类烧伤会造成非常严重的内伤，受伤者必须马上去医院。
烧伤的特点
一度烧伤：
·干燥，发红，轻度肿胀
·轻度疼痛
·按压时变白
二度烧伤：
·又红又肿；有水疱；表面有液体
·极其疼痛
三度烧伤
·(皮肤)发黑和变白
·肿胀；常常可见皮下组织
·如果神经受损，轻微疼痛或完全无痛感；烧伤处周围可感疼痛
急救治疗
1．将烧伤部位放在流动的冷水下，特别是在烧伤后的前十分钟内。冷水可以终止烧灼过程，减少疼痛和肿胀。
2．用干净的布轻轻擦干烧伤部位。
3．如有必要，用剪刀剪掉衣服，除非你看到布料已粘在烧伤的皮肤上。
4．用一块宽松干净透气的布覆盖住烧伤部位。在受伤部位涂油是个坏主意，因为这会阻碍伤口散热，并可能导致感染。
5．如果是脸部烧伤，确保伤者还能呼吸。
6．如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤，急需立即送他/她去医院。
知识解析
一.minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的
Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents.(教材P50)例子包括轻微的晒伤和其他轻微的家庭事故造成的烧伤。
【精讲】(1)minority n．　少数，少部分
a minority of 少数的……
(2)major adj. 主要的；重要的；主修的vi. 主修
①Friendship falls apart easily even for minor incidents.
甚至一些小事都会很轻易地使友谊分崩离析。
②Though our school makes it clear that phones are not allowed，a minority of students tend to ignore it.
尽管我们学校明确不允许带手机，但是少数学生会忽视这项规定。
二.urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的
If the victim is suffering from second or third－degree burns，there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.(教材P51)如果患者是二度或三度烧伤，急需立即把他/她送到医院。
【精讲】(1)in urgent need of...　　　急需……
(2)urgently adv. 紧急地；迫切地
(3)urgency n. 紧急；迫切
a matter of great urgency 极为迫切的问题
(4)urge vt. 竭力主张；大力推荐；敦促
urge sb to do sth 敦促某人做某事
urge sth on/upon sb 强烈要求某人某事
[名师提醒]　It is urgent that...从句中用虚拟语气，即谓语动词使用should＋动词原形，should可以省略。
①With smog getting increasingly serious, environmental protection has become an urgent issue for human beings.
随着雾霾越来越严重，环保已经变成人类的一个紧迫问题。
②It is urgent that we (should) take (take) measures to travel in a civilized way.
我们应该采取措施文明出游是当务之急。
③New York officials said they urgently (urgent) needed masks and respirators.
纽约官员说他们急需口罩和呼吸机。
三.ease v．减轻；缓解；使容易些；使顺利些 n．容易；舒适；自在
Putting butter or oil on burns helps because it may reduce swelling and ease discomfort.(教材P51)在烧伤处涂黄油或食用油有助于消肿和缓解不适。
【精讲】ease the pain/stress/tension　　减轻/缓解痛苦/压力/紧张
at ease 舒适；自在
with ease 轻易；毫不费劲
put/set sb at ease 使某人放松/自在
put/set one’s mind at ease/rest 使宽心，使放心
①We live in an age when more information is available with greater ease than ever before.我们生活在一个比以前任何时候都能更轻松地获取更多信息的时代。
②Now he can set his mind at ease because he has passed the examination with ease.现在他可以放心了，因为他已经轻松通过了考试。
③I suggest that you listen to some soft music，which helps ease your sense of urgency.我建议你应该听一些舒缓的音乐，这有助于缓解你的紧迫感。
④I don’t feel at ease in the strange place.在这个陌生的地方，我觉得很不自在。
四.sense of touch触觉
It also helps control your body temperature，prevents your body from losing too much water，warns you when things are too hot or cold，and gives you your sense of touch.(教材P50)它还有助于控制你的体温，防止你的身体失去太多的水分，当东西太热或太冷时给你警告，还能给你触觉。
【精讲】(1)sense v．意识到，感觉到n. 意识，感觉；理智
make sense 有道理，讲得通
in a sense 从某种意义上来讲
There is no sense of doing sth 做某事是没有意义的。
(2)sensitive adj. 敏感的
be sensitive to 对……敏感
①He looked around，sensing danger.
他环顾四周，觉察到了危险。
②Our school is trying to teach young people to develop a sense of responsibility．我们的学校正努力教育年轻人培养责任感。
③What you say is true in a sense．你说的话在某种意义上是真的。
④What you say doesn’t make sense to me.我不能理解你说的话。
五．As you can imagine，getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.(教材P50)可想而知，烧伤会导致非常严重的伤害。
【精讲】as引导非限制性定语从句
as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，对其进行说明，有“正如……，就像……”之意。as在非限制性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，通常由逗号将其引导的从句与主句隔开。
①As is known to Americans，Mark Twain was a great American writer.
美国人都知道，马克·吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。(as在从句中作主语)
②He is absorbed in work，as he often is.他正在全神贯注地工作，像往常一样。(as在从句中作表语)
③As we all know，the earth is round.众所周知，地球是圆的。
as引导非限制性定语从句的常见搭配：
as is known(to all)/as we all know众所周知
as is said/reported/expected正如所说的/正如所报道的/正如所期待的
as is mentioned above正如上面提到的
as I can see/remember正如我所看到的/正如我所记得的
as is often the case像往常情况一样
as often happens正如经常发生的那样
[名师提醒]　as可指主句提到的事实或情况，因此引导的非限制性定语从句位置比较灵活，可以放在主句前或主句后，也可插入主句之中；而which引导的非限制性定语从句不能位于主句之前。
④As she hoped，she won the championship.
她如愿以偿获得了冠军。
⑤Oxygen，as we know，is gas.
正如我们所知，氧气是气体。
六． If the victim is suffering from second or third－degree burns，there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.(教材P51)如果患者是二度或三度烧伤，急需立即把他/她送到医院。
【精讲】本句是一个复合句。句中含有一个if引导的条件状语从句；there is a need to do sth意为“有必要做某事”。
①There is a need to balance your study and life in order to make your life colorful and meaningful.
你有必要平衡你的学习和生活，以使你的生活丰富而有意义。
there is no need (for sb)to do sth(某人)没有必要做某事
②Actually，there is no need to worry about whether you will win or lose.
事实上，你没必要担忧是否会成功。
[链接写作]　补全句子
③When we fall ill, there is no need to go to the hospital because our robots can examine us.
当我们生病的时候，没有必要去医院，因为我们的机器人就可以为我们做检查。
④There is an urgent need to prevent our earth from being polluted.
急需阻止我们的地球被污染。
七．Well, if the car hadn’t been in an accident，that would be a good price，but it has a few minor problems.(教材P52)哦，如果这辆小汽车不是发生了车祸，那会是个好价钱，但是它有一些小毛病。
【精讲】错综时间条件句
在错综时间条件句中，虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致，所以主句和从句的谓语动词可根据各自所表示的不同时间选用适当的形式。此处只讲教材语境中出现的情况。其具体用法如下表：

情况
谓语形式
从句
与过去事实相反
had＋过去分词
主句
与现在事实相反
would/should/could/
might＋动词原形
①If you had taken (take) the doctor’s advice, you might be all right now.
如果你听了医生的劝告，你现在也许就好了。
②If I had taken (take) my umbrella with me when I came out this morning, I should not be wet now.
如果我今天早上出来时带了伞，现在就不会被淋湿了。

分层练习

题组A 基础过关练
Ⅰ.根据首字母或汉语提示拼写单词
1．The researchers hope they can prevent feelings of loneliness and sadness among (年老的) people.
2．The old man is in danger and we need to call the (救护车) at once.
3．In freezing weather, snow can turn into ice, which is easy to (滑倒) on.
4．The train due to arrive at 10 am was (推迟) for 2 hours because of the storm.
5．Evidence shows that smoking harms nearly every (器官) of the body.
6．You must chew your food well before you it.
7．She a handkerchief around her bleeding palm (手掌) in an effort to protect it then.
8．Emergency line must always stay calm and make sure they get all the information they need to send help.
9．I waited outside till he came out, fearing spotting the with my muddy boots.
10．He is one of the of the accident.
11．After the fall, her ankle began to and she could hardly walk a single step.
12．With the average person using 130kg of plastic every year，there is an need of better ways of processing it.
【答案】1.elderly 2.ambulance 3.slip 4.delayed 6.swallow 7.wrapped 8.operators 9.carpet 10.victims 11.swell 12.urgent
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Establishing a study plan and sticking it can also help boost your self－control.
2．The dishes in the menu, otherwise stated, will serve two or three people.
3． (know) basic first－aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
4．Mrs White found her husband surrounded by some strangers and (look) pale.
5．The boy got his foot and leg burnt by the (boil) water on the stove.
6．Only a (minor) of children are fond of natural scenery while most of them like amusement parks.
7．He felt dizzy and sick because of an mild (electricity) shock.
8．Sending an (urgency) message in a bottle would not typically be considered a sensible strategy.
9．An excellent company is good at providing its employees with sense of belonging, which makes them feel at home.
10．Communication is very important, putting people ease by letting them know what to expect.
【答案】1.to 2.unless 3.Knowing 4.looking 5.boiling 6.minority 7.electric 8.urgent 9.a 10.at

题组B 能力提升练
Ⅲ.选词填空
suffer from, electric shock, act as, prevent...from，depend on, at once, stick to, make sure, a variety of
1．It also your body losing too much water.
2．Some lose their appetites and the others even sleep problems.
3．Burns are divided into three types, the depth of skin damage.
4．The victims must go to the hospital ．
5．You can attend activities.
6．Some fabric may the burnt skin.
7．Your skin a barrier against disease, toxins，and the sun’s rays.
8．If burns are on the face, the victim can still breathe.
9．Examples include burns caused by ．
【答案】1.prevents ，from 2.suffer from3.depending on4.at once5.a variety of6. stick to7.acts as8.make sure9.electric shock
Ⅳ.补全句子
1． , it can be very serious.
你可以想象，如果你的皮肤被烧伤，情况会很严重。
2．With an outbreak of the COVID －19, large numbers of masks.
随着一场新型冠状病毒的爆发，迫切需要生产大量口罩。
3．The technique may work with humans， to be preserved when oxygen supply is limited.
这项技术可能适用于人类，当氧气供应有限时，该技术使得器官功能得以保留。
4．If the electric shock has been caused by an external power line， and to anybody are much greater.
如果是外部电线造成的触电，对于受害者和其他急救者的危害会大得多。
5． , place a small cushion or fabrics behind the curve of your lower back.
如果有必要，在你的腰部后面放一个小垫子或织物。
6．We should prepare some necessary medicine of when playing basketball.
打篮球时，我们应该准备一些必要的消肿止痛的药。
7． ，designed for children，is an important qualification for the job.
学习过专为孩子设计的计算机课程是担任这项工作的一项重要条件。
8．You can stop bleeding by ．
你可以通过按压受伤部位来止血。
【答案】1.As you can imagine, if your skin gets burnt2.there is an urgent need to produce3.allowing organ function4.the dangers to the victim，providing first aid5.If necessary6.reducing the swelling and easing the pain7.Having studied computer lessons8.applying pressure to the injured area

题组C 培优拔尖练
Ⅴ.课文语法填空
The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ, 1. acts as a barrier against disease, toxins and the sun’s rays.Its functions are very complex: it is where you feel cold, heat or pain and it 2. (give) you your sense of touch.But when your skin gets burnt, it can be very serious.So it is very important
3. (know) first aid for burns.
You can get burnt by a 4. (various) of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation and so on.Burns 5. (divide) into three types—first, second or third－degree burns, 6. (depend) on which layers of the skin are burnt.Different burns have different 7. (characteristic)．When giving first aid, you can remove the clothes using scissors if necessary unless you see the fabric sticking to the burn.Place burns
8. (immediate) under cool running water.Cover the burnt area with a dry, clean bandage that will not stick 9. the skin.If the injuries are second or third－degree burns, there is an urgent need to take 10. victim to the hospital at once.
1.which　【解析】设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词skin，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，所以应用which。
2．gives　【解析】设空处是谓语动词，主语是it，所以应用第三人称单数形式。时态为一般现在时，故填gives。
3．to know　【解析】It is important to do sth意为“做某事很重要”。故填to know。
4．variety　【解析】根据空前的a和空后的of可知，此处应填名词。a variety of意为“各种各样的”。故填variety。
5．are divided　【解析】分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语，与主语Burns构成被动关系，且此处描述的是一般事实，主语为复数，故用一般现在时的被动语态，故填are divided。
6．depending　【解析】分析句子结构可知，设空处应用非谓语动词作状语，depend与主语是逻辑上的主动关系，所以应用现在分词。故填depending。
7．characteristics　【解析】characteristic是可数名词，前有different修饰，所以应用复数形式。故填characteristics。
8．immediately　【解析】修饰动词Place应用副词形式。
9．to　【解析】stick to粘到……上，为固定搭配。
10．the　【解析】此处特指烧伤的患者，所以victim前应用定冠词。故填the。
Ⅲ.语法填空
If you get injured in a sport, what should you do? The best way 1. (deal) with sports injuries is to keep them from happening in the first place.Knowing the rules of the game and using right 2. (equip) can help you avoid injuries.If you’ve got injured, pull 3. (you) out of the game or stop doing your activity.Let your coach or parents know what 4. (happen) in case you need to see a doctor.Serious head and neck injuries happen most often to athletes 5. play sports like football.Keep the injured person still with his or her head 6. (hold) straight while someone calls for medical help.If the person 7. (lie) on the ground, do not try to move him or her.
Your first question after a sports injury will 8. (probable) be, “When can I play again？” This depends on the injury and 9. your doctor tells you.Even if you can’t return to your sport right away, the doctor might have advice on what you can do to stay healthy.Always talk with your doctor 10. trying any activity following an injury.
【语篇解读】　本文是说明文，主要讲的是当有人在运动中受伤时，如何自救或救助他人。
1．to deal　【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：应对运动损伤的最好方法就是在一开始就避免它们的发生。此处用动词不定式作way的后置定语。
2．equipment　【解析】考查词性转换。句意：了解比赛规则和使用正确的设备可以帮助你避免受伤。use为及物动词，后面缺少宾语，故使用名词形式equipment。
3．yourself　【解析】考查反身代词。句意：如果你受伤了，就退出比赛或者停止运动。“pull out of the game”为祈使句，省略了主语you，pull为及物动词，故后面使用反身代词yourself作宾语。
4．happened/has happened　【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：让你的教练或父母知道发生了什么事情，以防你需要看医生。根据句意，应该是知道已经发生了的事情，故使用一般过去时或现在完成时。
5．who/that　【解析】考查定语从句。句意：严重的头部和颈部损伤最常发生在进行像足球这样的体育运动的运动员身上。设空处引导定语从句，athletes为先行词，指人，从句缺少主语，故使用who或that。
6．held　【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当有人打电话请求医疗救助时，保持伤者不动，头部挺直。主句为祈使句，且已有谓语动词Keep，故此处应填非谓语动词形式，又因hold和his or her head构成逻辑上的被动关系，故使用过去分词held。此处为with的复合结构，held作宾补。
7．is lying　【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：如果这个人正躺在地上，不要试图移动他或她。此处If引导条件状语从句，从句缺少谓语，根据句意，此处强调的是这个人正躺在地上时的应对措施，故使用现在进行时is lying。
8．probably　【解析】考查副词。此处指你在运动受伤后的第一个问题很可能是……。修饰系动词be应使用副词，故填probably。
9．what　【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：这取决于你的伤势和医生告诉你的情况。设空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作tells的直接宾语，意为“告诉你的情况”，故填what。
10．before　【解析】考查介词。句意：受伤后尝试任何活动之前总是要和你的医生谈谈。根据句意可知应填介词before。