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人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Working the Land精品课时训练
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这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 5 Working the Land精品课时训练，共23页。
William Thmsn was brn n 26 June, 1824 in Belfast. He was taught by his father, a prfessr f mathematics. In 1832, the family mved t Glasgw where Thmsn attended university at the age f 10, then studied at Cambridge and Paris Universities. In 1846 he became prfessr f natural philsphy in Glasgw, a pst he 1 fr mre than 50 years.
In Glasgw, Thmsn 2 the first physics labratry in Britain. He was a pineer in many different 3 , particularly electrmagnetism (电磁学) and thermdynamics (热力学). 4 Faraday(法拉第), he was respnsible fr the intrductin f the 5 f an electrmagnetic field where Thmsn develped the wrk f the 6 f the subject, Niclas Carnt and James Jule. One f the mst 7 results f his wrk was his idea f an abslute zer f temperature — the scale based n this is named 8 him.
Thrughut his wrk Thmsn’s main gal was the practical use f science. He achieved 9 thrugh his wrk n submarine telegraphy, a majr practical prblem f the day. He was 10 as a scientific adviser in the laying f the Atlantic telegraph cables in 1857-1858 and 1865-1866,fr which he was knighted in 1866. His 11 in marine issues als inspired him t develp a mariners’ cmpass and 12 a tide machine and depth-measuring equipment. He invented many electrical instruments and his huse in Glasgw was the first t be 13 by electric light.
Thmsn was raised t the nblemen with the 14 f Barn Kelvin f Largs in 1892. The Kelvin was a small river that flwed near Glasgw University and he was president f the ryal Sciety frm 1890 t 1895. He died n 17 December, 1907, in Ayrshire, Sctland and was 15 in Westminster Abbey.
1．A．sughtB．cnfirmedC．admiredD．held
2．A．tk upB．brke upC．set upD．blew up
3．A．fieldsB．cuntriesC．labsD．clleges
4．A．In spite fB．Except frC．Tgether withD．Regardless f
5．A．cmmandB．cnditinC．cntractD．cncept
6．A．learnersB．pineersC．cmpetitrsD．leaders
7．A．imprtantB．bviusC．frtunateD．psitive
8．A．frB．withC．afterD．n
9．A．wealthB．fameC．cntributinD．enthusiasm
10．A．cnsideredB．attractedC．emplyedD．accused
11．A．hbbyB．desireC．successD．interest
12．A．perateB．inventC．cntrlD．prduce
13．A．litB．builtC．decratedD．equipped
14．A．titleB．nameC．hnrD．award
15．A．preservedB．respectedC．admittedD．buried
（2023春·河南新乡·高二统考期末）Ada Lvelace was the daughter f a rmantic pet, Lrd Byrn. She earned her place in histry as the first cmputer 16 —a full century befre tday’s cmputers 17 . And she became an idl(偶像)fr wmen in 18 industry tday. She culdn’t have dne it withut British mathematician Charles Babbage. Their 19 started in the early 1830s. Babbage had 20 plans fr a detailed and cmplicated machine he called the Difference Engine—actually, a giant mechanical calculatr.
In the middle f his wrk n it, Ada 21 Babbage at a party. It was mathematical 22 at first sight. The tw struck up a wrking relatinship and eventual clse friendship that wuld 23 until Ada’s death. Babbage used his Difference Engine t brainstrm a new Analytical Engine. He then 24 an incmplete prttype(雏形)f this machine. Ada saw that engine’s true 25 . The Analytical Engine was mre than a calculatr. When the user 26 its cmmands, the engine culd 27 nearly any mathematical task rdered. Ada even wrte instructins fr 28 a cmplicated math prblem. Many histrians wuld later cnsider thse as the first cmputer prgram and Ada as the first prgrammer. The secnd Tuesday in Octber has becme Ada Lvelace Day, n which the 29 f wmen t science, technlgy, engineering, and mathematics are 30 .
16．A．tutrB．saleswmanC．prgrammerD．accuntant
17．A．brke dwnB．came utC．died utD．shwed ff
18．A．cmputerB．turistC．vehicleD．agriculture
19．A．settlementB．cnflictC．argumentD．cperatin
20．A．shut dwnB．slwed dwnC．fllwed upD．drawn up
21．A．inquiredB．metC．criticizedD．accepted
22．A．lveB．mistakeC．prblemD．addictin
23．A．frmB．lastC．matterD．cunt
24．A．bughtB．restredC．representedD．shwed
25．A．cntextB．ptentialC．bnusD．damage
26．A．beyedB．stppedC．neededD．sent
27．A．perfrmB．inputC．quitD．study
28．A．discveringB．creatingC．slvingD．raising
29．A．beautyB．humrC．cntributinD．secret
30．A．hnredB．pstpnedC．integratedD．adpted
（2021秋·广东汕头·高二校考期中）Stephen Hawking nt nly changed the way peple thught abut science, but he als changed the way peple viewed 31 . Diagnsed (诊断) with mtr neurne disease in his twenties, many f his scientific discveries were made while his bdy was 32 .
When Hawking studied at Oxfrd University, he had a 33 fr being lively, humrus and ppular. 34 , during his final year at Oxfrd, he fell ver fr n particular reasn. When nticing his speech (说话的能力) began t be 35 , Hawking sught medical help. It was then that he was diagnsed with the disease. Dctrs at the time gave him less than tw years t 36 .
Luckily, he survived. Hwever, after his diagnsis, his 37 failed quickly. Thrughut the 1960s, he required a stick t walk, 38 a wheelchair fr many years. It was nly by the end f the 1960s that he 39 accepted he wuld need a full-time mbility aid (助动器).
Despite Hawking’s pr health, he made sme imprtant scientific 40 . It was in 1974 that he discvered what nw is 41 as “Hawking radiatin”. Later, in 1988, Hawking published his bk A Brief Histry f Time.
It was his 42 — fcusing n what was pssible rather than impssible — that defined (定义) his public image. His bks made science easily 43 fr a wider public. Hawking nce said, "My advice t ther peple wuld be: 44 things yur disability desn’t prevent yu frm ding well, and dn’t 45 the things it interferes (干扰) with. Dn’ t be disabled in spirit, as well as physically.”
31．A．natureB．knwledgeC．disabilityD．space
32．A．failingB．recveringC．shakingD．grwing
33．A．nameB．requestC．careerD．fantasy
34．A．HenceB．HweverC．BesidesD．Instead
35．A．inaccurateB．bringC．briefD．unclear
36．A．relaxB．liveC．studyD．adpt
37．A．memryB．mindC．sightD．health
38．A．preparingB．refusingC．btainingD．pushing
39．A．graduallyB．frmallyC．mstlyD．apparently
40．A．experimentsB．achievementsC．cnclusinsD．researches
41．A．persuadedB．inferredC．knwnD．predicted
42．A．carefulnessB．creativityC．ptentialD．determinatin
43．A．visibleB．suitableC．understandableD．affrdable
44．A．cncentrate nB．leave behindC．live ffD．believe in
45．A．admitB．shareC．frgetD．murn
（2023春·河南新乡·高二长垣市第一中学统考期中）Mst f us might nt be familiar with the name Jcelyn Bell Burnell. She is a(n) 46 astrphysicist(天体物理学家) wh made a grundbreaking discvery in astrnmy.
Jcelyn Bell Burnell was 47 n 15th July,1943 in Nrthern Ireland. She 48 frm the University f Glasgw with a Bachelr f Science degree in Natural Philsphy(physics),with hnrs, in 1965 and 49 a PhD degree frm the University f Cambridge in 1969. She was the nly girl in her class in the University f Glasgw, and was frequently laughed at by the bys in the same class. But that did nt 50 her frm carrying n with her aspiratins.
In 1967, she 51 a signal, n the chart papers she had used t recrd radi signals frm uter space. Her supervisr(导师), Hewish tk these recrds t Martin Ryle, under whm they were wrking, and they discussed these develpments withut Bell’s knwledge. Later it 52 that these signals were frm pulsating radi surces, r in shrt, pulsars(脉冲星). It was a 53 breakthrugh and made news all arund the wrld. But befre lng, she heard news that her clleagues were 54 awarded the 1974 Nbel Prize in Physics fr the discvery f pulsars.
“I think the fact that I was a 55 that reduced my standing in terms f receiving a Nbel Prize. It didn’t 56 me. I was actually pleased that pulsars were 57 imprtant enugh t rate a Nbel Prize, ”Jcelyn Bell Burnell had said in a dcumentary abut her life. Jcelyn Bell Burnell is a(n) 58 fr many peple, yung and ld alike. When wmen weren’t supprted t 59 a career in the STEM (science, technlgy, engineering and mathematics) field, she was smene wh had inspired a change in at least a few yung wmen. Her 60 has inspired mre peple t wrk hard and achieve their gals.
46．A．rudeB．famusC．impatientD．lazy
47．A．brughtB．wedC．sldD．brn
48．A．cameB．brke awayC．graduatedD．set apart
49．A．btainedB．anticipatedC．seizedD．chse
50．A．preventB．preserveC．separateD．release
51．A．imaginedB．cmpletedC．rankedD．captured
52．A．feltB．seemedC．prvedD．happened
53．A．identicalB．scientificC．visualD．shallw
54．A．secretlyB．jintlyC．casuallyD．barely
55．A．freignerB．dctrC．wmanD．prfessr
56．A．abuseB．discurageC．praiseD．miss
57．A．cnsideredB．appintedC．recmmendedD．designed
58．A．inspiratinB．hnestyC．kindnessD．patience
59．A．discussB．pursueC．ignreD．interview
60．A．futureB．stressC．planD．stry
（2023秋·吉林辽源·高二统考期末）A wrld f pure thught
Stephen Hawking was ne f the mst famus and gifted 61 in physics. Mst peple are familiar with images f him 62 his wheelchair, unable t mve and using a cmputer t talk. Since he came dwn with a disease which caused him t 63 the use f mst f his muscles, his wrld became ne f abstract thught.
Hawking first achieved fame when he was still healthy enugh t walk, 64 a graduate student in physics at Cambridge University in 1964. In general, there were tw main 65 n the rigin f the universe. The first was the steady state thery, 66 hlds that the universe has n beginning r end. The ther was the big bang thery, which hlds that the universe began at a single pint in time and 67 . The biggest champin f the steady state cncept was Fred Hyle, a prfessr at Cambridge. During the questin and answer perid 68 ne f Hyle’s lectures, Hawking std up and 69 that Hyle had made a mistake in his 70 . Once the maths was crrected, it shwed that the big bang thery — and nt the steady state thery — was 71 . Hawking’s wn wrk n the big bang thery was sn prven by astrnmers with telescpes.
A star was brn. S, what made Stephen Hawking a genius? 72 being brilliant, he was brave, thugh smetimes careless in what he said r did. He was 73 t say what thers were afraid t say, and t dream f what thers were afraid t dream abut. 74 , he was quite determined. This had helped him as a scientist, and had helped him even mre in his fight 75 his disease. Abve all, Hawking was willing t admit his faults. This dd cmbinatin f characteristics had made him ne f the greatest thinkers f the 20th and 21st centuries.
61．A．scientistsB．teachersC．singersD．dancers
62．A．frmB．inC．atD．n
63．A．lsingB．lstC．t lseD．lse
64．A．asB．withC．atD．n
65．A．reasnsB．wndersC．causesD．theries
66．A．whereB．whC．thatD．which
67．A．mmentB．hursC．spaceD．place
68．A．whileB．afterC．befreD．as
69．A．pinted utB．came utC．set ffD．tk ut
70．A．mathsB．chemistryC．ChineseD．English
71．A．wrngB．fineC．kD．true
72．A．Except thatB．ExceptC．ApartD．Besides
73．A．gdB．willingC．niceD．well
74．A．ButB．YetC．HweverD．Furthermre
75．A．againstB．frC．atD．by
（2023·全国·高二专题练习）Seeing the news f the 2022 Nbel Prize n TV, I can’t help 76 a tale abut a remarkable physicist, Albert Einstein. When Einstein was a little kid, his father bught him a cmpass as a gift. He was amazed by it. It was that mment, as Einstein later said, that 77 the beginning f his scientific jurney. Many ther great 78 in histry had similar stries
It always amazed me hw such an experience culd have a huge impact n ne’s life. 79 Einstein and ther science giants, I dn’t remember having any particular experience that 80 my interest in science. Fr me, I was nt a matter f a single event, but rather many f them.
As a kid I enjyed spending hurs watching stars during summer nights. I tried t see if sme f thse shining dts displayed certain figures, I fund magnetism (磁力) and electricity very interesting t. I didn’t really 81 these cncepts, but I culd play with them.
I shwed great interest in physics at schl. T learn mre abut it, I began my undergraduate studies. A lt changed abut me at this stage. I still had the same 82 , but my perspective (思维方式) was widened as I was intrduced t many mre fascinating parts f 83 . Cnsequently, my interest in the field was shaped.
Fllwing my graduatin, I decided t study abrad. My initial 84 was t get an internatinally—praised level f educatin. Hwever, such an experience 85 mre than that. Mst imprtantly, it meant that I wuld be in an envirnment where I culd fully immerse (沉浸) myself in my wrk and subjects f physics.
86 , I realized what I missed mst during my undergraduate studies was 87 wrk. It was a lt mre satisfying than just trying t d science n paper. 88 , my master’s degree study prgram als gives me these pprtunities. I get 89 t s many research areas and pprtunities fr practical wrk. 90 all these experiences, I’ve discvered fr myself what I want t be in physics.
76．A．recallingB．writingC．inventingD．publishing
77．A．changedB．markedC．hitD．limited
78．A．medalistsB．graduatesC．mindsD．teachers
79．A．Instead fB．Other thanC．In cntrast tD．Rather than
80．A．lckedB．arusedC．maintainedD．added
81．A．refuseB．missC．hnrD．understand
82．A．lessnB．passinC．reasnD．subject
83．A．cmpassesB．starsC．papersD．physics
84．A．mtivatinB．researchC．attitudeD．applicatin
85．A．tkB．requiredC．meantD．started
86．A．Lking frwardB．Lking backC．Turning verD．Turning arund
87．A．seriusB．cuntlessC．fficialD．practical
88．A．UndubtedlyB．PssiblyC．NaturallyD．Frtunately
89．A．devtinB．accessC．admissinD．relatin
90．A．Thanks tB．As frC．In place fD．Fr lack f
（2023秋·全国·高二假期作业）In 2007, 22-year-ld Ramesh’s peanut farm lst mney. As was ften the case in mst f India, Ramesh was 91 pesticides (杀虫剂) and fertilizers acrss his 2.4 hectares in the Anantapur district f suthern India. In this desert-like area, which gets less than 600 millimeters f rainfall mst years, farming is a(n) 92 .
“I lst a lt f mney grwing peanuts thrugh chemical farming 93 ,” says Ramesh, wh is interested in agriculture. The chemicals are 94 in many parts f suthern India. The farmers depend t much n pesticides. The chemicals are 95 but the prductin is lw. Then in 2017, he 96 the chemicals. “Ever since I 97 sustainable agricultural practices like natural farming, the prductin has been 98 and the cst has gne dwn,” he says.
One natural farming methd calls fr 99 all chemical fertilizers and pesticides with rganic matter t bst sil nutrient levels. Ramesh als expanded his crps, 100 peanuts and sme tmates. Then he added eggplants and ther crps.
With the 101 f the nn-prfit rganizatin Accin Fraterna Eclgy Centre, which wrks with farmers wh want t try 102 farming, Ramesh increased his 103 enugh t buy mre land, expanding his field. Like thusands f ther farmers practicing natural farming acrss India, Ramesh has 104 t enrich his dead sil while his new trees help keep carbn ut f the atmsphere, thus playing an imprtant rle in reducing India’s carbn ftprint. Recent study has shwn that the carbn absrptin 105 f natural farming is as much as 34 percent higher than standard frms f agriculture.
91．A．cllectingB．applyingC．gainingD．rbbing
92．A．advantageB．principleC．challengeD．disaster
93．A．phenmenaB．cnditinsC．methdsD．analyses
94．A．accessibleB．specificC．missingD．cmmn
95．A．cstlyB．usefulC．cmplicatedD．harmless
96．A．advcatedB．abandnedC．adptedD．advanced
97．A．brke upB．left utC．backed utD．tk up
98．A．increasedB．emphasizedC．ruinedD．suspended
99．A．understandingB．replacingC．cnfusingD．rejecting
100．A．anxiuslyB．eventuallyC．rarelyD．riginally
101．A．adjustmentB．aidC．exceptinD．debt
102．A．tempraryB．verseasC．sustainableD．abnrmal
103．A．fitnessB．limitsC．prfitsD．respect
104．A．managedB．hesitatedC．failedD．agreed
105．A．lssB．barrierC．creditD．ptential
参考答案：
1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．D 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．C 11．D 12．B 13．A 14．A 15．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了威廉·汤姆森的生平，并重点讲述了他在科学和实际应用方面所取得的成就。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：1846年，他成为格拉斯哥的自然哲学教授，并担任了50多年。A. sught寻找；B. cnfirmed确认；C. admired钦佩；D. held担任。从空格前面的“prfessr f natural philsphy in Glasgw”及“a pst”可知，此处表示他担任这个职位长达50多年。故选D项。
2．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在格拉斯哥，汤姆森建立了英国第一个物理实验室。A. tk up开始从事；B. brke up打碎；C. set up建立；D. blew up爆炸。由空后的“the first physics labratry”可知，此处表示汤姆森在英国建立了第一个物理实验室。故选C项。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他是许多领域的先驱，尤其是电磁学和热力学。A. fields领域；B. cuntries国家；C. labs实验室；D. clleges学院。后面提到的“particularly electrmagnetism and thermdynamics”是两个不同的领域。故选A项。
4．考查介词短语辨析。句意：他和法拉第一起引入了电磁场的概念，在那里汤姆森发展了这一课题的先驱尼古拉斯·卡诺和詹姆斯·焦耳的工作。A. In spite f尽管；B. Except fr除了；C. Tgether with和……一起；D. Regardless f不管。根据下文“Faraday, he was respnsible fr the intrductin f the cncept”可知，此处表示和法拉第一起，他负责引入了电磁场这个概念。故选C项。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. cmmand命令；B. cnditin条件；C. cntract合同；D. cncept概念。根据后文的“an electrmagnetic field”可知，他和法拉第一起引入了电磁场的概念。故选D。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他和法拉第一起引入了电磁场的概念，在那里汤姆森发展了这一课题的先驱尼古拉斯·卡诺和詹姆斯·焦耳的工作。A. learners学习者；B. pineers先驱；C. cmpetitrs竞争者；D. leaders领导者。根据上文的“develped the wrk f”和下文的 “the subject”及其后的两个人名可知，此处指的是汤姆森发展了这两位先驱者在这一学科的成就。故选B项。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他工作中最重要的成果之一就是他的绝对零度概念——基于这个概念的温度计就是以他的名字命名的。A. imprtant重要的；B. bvius明显的；C. frtunate幸运的；D. psitive积极的。结合下文的“his idea f an abslute zer f temperature-the scale based n this is named ___8___ him.”可知，此处表示汤姆森所提出的重要的想法。故选A项。
8．考查介词词义辨析。句意：他工作中最重要的成果之一就是他的绝对零度概念——基于这个概念的温度计就是以他的名字命名的。A. fr为了；B. with和……一起；C. after在……后面；D. n在……上面。此处是固定词组 name after，表示“以……命名”。故选C项。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他通过研究当时的一个重大实际问题——海底电报而成名。A. wealth财富；B. fame名誉；C. cntributin贡献；D. enthusiasm热情。根据下文“He was ___10___ as a scientific adviser in the laying f the Atlantic telegraph cables in 1857-1858 and 1865-1866, fr which he was knighted in 1866.”可知，他由于在大西洋电缆铺设工作上的成就被授以爵位，故此处指他通过自己在海底电报方面的工作而成名。故选B项。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他曾在1857-1858年和1865-1866年铺设大西洋电报电缆时担任科学顾问，并于1866年获封爵士。A. cnsidered考虑；B. attracted吸引；C. emplyed聘用；D. accused控告。从空后的“as a scientific adviser in the laying f the Atlantic telegraph cables”可知，他被聘作科学顾问来指导铺设电缆。故选C项。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对海洋问题的兴趣也激发了他开发水手罗盘、发明潮汐机和深度测量设备。A. hbby爱好；B. desire欲望；C. success成功；D. interest兴趣。根据语境并结合后面的“in marine issues als inspired him t develp a mariners' cmpass”可知，此处是指他对海洋问题的兴趣激励他开发了船用罗盘。故选D项。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他对海洋问题的兴趣也激发了他开发水手罗盘、发明潮汐机和深度测量设备。A. perate操作；B. invent发明；C. cntrl控制；D. prduce生产。结合前面的 develp和后面的“a tide machine and depth- measuring equipment”可知，他发明了潮汐机和深度测量设备，下文的“He invented many electrical instruments”也是提示。故选B项。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他发明了许多电子仪器，他在格拉斯哥的房子是第一个被电灯照亮的。A. lit照亮；B. built建造；C. decrated装饰；D. equipped装备。后面的“by electric light”表示他家是第一家使用电灯照明的家庭。故选A项。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：汤姆逊于1892年被提拔为贵族，被封为拉格斯的开尔文男爵。A. title头衔；B. name名字；C. hnr荣誉；D. award奖励。结合空前的“was raised t the nblemen”和后面的“Barn Kelvin f Largs in1892”可知，在1892年他晋升成为贵族，拥有开尔文勋爵的称号。故选A项。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：1907年12月17日，他死于苏格兰的埃尔郡，葬于威斯敏斯特教堂。A. preserved保存；B. respected尊敬；C. admitted允许；D. buried埋葬。空处与前面的“He died n17 December, 1907”呼应，此处指他死后被埋葬在威斯敏斯特教堂里面。故选D项。
16．C 17．B 18．A 19．D 20．D 21．B 22．A 23．B 24．D 25．B 26．D 27．A 28．C 29．C 30．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Ada Lvelace是如何对于计算机编程做出贡献的以及她的开创性工作的影响。
16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她作为第一个计算机程序员在历史上赢得了一席之地——在今天的计算机出现之前整整一个世纪。A. tutr导师；B. saleswman女售货员；C. prgrammer程序员；D. accuntant会计。根据下文“Many histrians wuld later cnsider thse as the first cmputer prgram and Ada as the first prgrammer.”可知，艾达是一名程序员。故选C。
17．考查动词短语辨析。句意：她作为第一个计算机程序员在历史上赢得了一席之地——在今天的计算机出现之前整整一个世纪。A. brke dwn分解；B. came ut出现；C. died ut灭绝；D. shwed ff炫耀。根据前文的“in histry”和下文的“a full century befre tday’s cmputers”可知，在今天的计算机出现前整整一个世纪，她就已经是程序员。故选B。
18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她成为了当今计算机行业女性的偶像。A. cmputer计算机；B. turist游客；C. vehicle车辆；D. agriculture农业。根据下文“Many histrians wuld later cnsider thse as the first cmputer prgram and Ada as the first prgrammer.”可知，Ada Lvelace是计算机行业的女性的偶像。根据故选A。
19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的合作在19世纪30年代早期开始的。A. settlement和解；B. cnflict冲突；C. argument争论；D. cperatin合作。根据前文“She culdn’t have dne it withut British mathematician Charles Babbage.( 如果没有英国数学家查尔斯·巴贝奇，她不可能做到这一点。)”可知，他们开始了合作。故选D。
20．考查动词短语辨析。句意：巴贝奇为一台详细的复杂的机器起草了计划，他称之为“差分机”——实际上是一个巨大的机械计算器。A. shut dwn关闭；B. slwed dwn减慢；C. fllwed up跟随；D. drawn up起草。根据下文“In the middle f his wrk n it”可知，巴贝奇草拟了计划，致力于它。故选D。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他工作的过程中，艾达在一次聚会上遇到了巴贝奇。A. inquired询问；B. met遇见；C. criticized批评；D. accepted接受。根据下文“The tw struck up a wrking relatinship(两人建立了工作关系)”可知，他们在一次聚会是遇见。故选B。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是数学上的一见钟情。A. lve爱；B. mistake错误；C. prblem问题；D. addictin入迷；嗜好。根据下文“The tw struck up a wrking relatinship and eventual clse friendship that wuld 8 until Ada’s death.( 两人建立了工作关系，并最终成为亲密的朋友，一直持续到艾达去世。)”可知,对数学的爱让他们一见如故。故选A。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：两人建立了工作关系，并最终成为亲密的朋友，一直持续到艾达去世。A. frm形成；B. last持续；C. matter要紧；重要；D. cunt计算。根据下文“The tw struck up a wrking relatinship and eventual clse friendship”可知，他们成为了亲密的朋友，友谊一直持续到艾达去世。故选B。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，他展示了这台机器的一个不完整的原型。A. bught买；B. restred修复；恢复；C. represented代表；D. shwed展示。根据前文“Babbage used his Difference Engine t brainstrm a new Analytical Engine.( 巴贝奇用他的差分机头脑风暴出了一台新的分析机。)”可知，他把机器的出行给艾达看。故选D。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：艾达看到了这台机器的真正潜力。A. cntext上下文；B. ptential潜力；可能性；C. bnus奖金；津贴；D. damage毁坏；损害。根据下文“The Analytical Engine was mre than a calculatr.(这台分析机不仅仅是一台计算器。)”可知，这台机器潜力很大。故选B。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当用户发出命令时，这台机器几乎可以执行任何命令的数学任务。A. beyed遵守；B. stpped停止；C. needed需要；D. sent发送。寄出。根据下文“nearly any mathematical task rdered”可知，用户发出指令。故选D。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当用户发出命令时，这台引擎几乎可以执行任何命令的数学任务。A. perfrm执行；B. input输入；C. quit退出；D. study研究。根据下文“Ada even wrte instructins fr 13 a cmplicated math prblem.”可知，用户发出命令，引擎执行这些任务。故选A。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：艾达甚至写下了解决一道复杂数学题的说明。A. discvering发现；B. creating创造；C. slving解决；D. raising提高。根据下文“Many histrians wuld later cnsider thse as the first cmputer prgram and Ada as the first prgrammer.(许多历史学家后来认为这些是第一个计算机程序，艾达是第一个程序员。)”可知，艾达写了解决复杂的数学题的说明。故选C。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每年10月的第二个星期二被定为艾达·洛芙蕾丝日，在这一天表彰女性在科学、技术、工程和数学方面的贡献。A. beauty美丽；B. humr幽默；C. cntributin贡献；D. secret秘密。根据上文讲述的艾达的事迹以及她做出的贡献和下文“f wmen t science, technlgy, engineering, and mathematics”可知，在这一天表彰女性在科学、技术、工程和数学方面的贡献。故选C。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每年10月的第二个星期二被定为艾达·洛芙蕾丝日，在这一天表彰女性在科学、技术、工程和数学方面的贡献。A. hnred给以……荣誉；B. pstpned延期；C. integrated合并；D. adpted收养。根据上文“The secnd Tuesday in Octber has becme Ada Lvelace Day”可知，10月的第二个星期二被定为艾达·洛芙蕾丝日，是为了纪念艾达，并表彰女性对科学，技术，工程和数学的贡献。故选A。
31．C 32．A 33．A 34．B 35．D 36．B 37．D 38．B 39．A 40．B 41．C 42．D 43．C 44．A 45．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国科学家斯蒂芬 · 霍金身残志坚，通往成功的过程。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：斯蒂芬 · 霍金不仅改变了人们对科学的看法，也改变了人们对残疾的看法。A.nature自然； B.knwledge 知识； C.disability残疾；D.space空间。根据下文“Thrughut the 1960s, he required stick t walk”可知，此处指改变了人们对“残疾”的看法。故选C项。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在二十多岁时被诊断患有运动神经元疾病，他的许多科学发现都是在他身体衰退的时候取得的。A.failing出故障，衰退； B.recvering恢复； C.shaking摇晃； D.grwing生长。根据前文“Diagnsed (诊断) with mtr neurne disease ”可知，此处指在他身体“衰退”期间，他完成了很多科学发现。故选A项。
33． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当霍金在牛津大学学习时，他因活泼、幽默和受欢迎而出名。A.name名誉，名声； B.request 要求；C.career职业生涯；D.fantasy幻想。根据下文“ fr being lively, humrus and ppular”可知，此处指霍金因为活泼、幽默和受欢迎而“出名”。故选A项。
34．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在牛津大学的最后一年，他无缘无故摔倒了。A.Hence因此； B.Hwever 然而； C.Besides而且；D.Instead代替，而不是。根据下文“he fell ver fr n particular reasn”可知，此处和上文为转折关系，指无缘无故他摔倒了。故选B项。
35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当发现自己的语言开始变得模糊不清时，霍金寻求医疗帮助。A.inaccurate不精确的；B.bring无聊的； C.brief 简洁的；D.unclear 不清楚的。根据下文“Hawking sught medical help”可知，此处指霍金发现自己语言变得“不清楚”时，他开始寻求医疗帮助。故选D项。
36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时的医生说他只能活不到两年了。A.relax放松； B.live生存，活着； C.study学习； D.adpt采纳。根据下文“Luckily, he survived. ”可知，此处指医生说他“活”不到两年。故选B项。
37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，在他被诊断出来之后，他的健康状况很快就恶化了。A.memry记忆；B.mind 思想；C.sight视力； D.health 健康。根据下文“Despite Hawking's pr health”可知，此处指他的“健康”状况很快就恶化了。故选D项。
38．考查动词词义辨析。句意：整个20世纪60年代，他一直坚持走路，多年来拒绝坐轮椅。A.preparing准备； B.refusing拒绝； C.btaining获得； D.pushing推动，促使。根据下文“It was nly by the end f the 1960s that he 9 accepted he wuld need a full-time mbility aid.”可知，此处指他“拒绝”坐轮椅。故选B项。
39．考查副词词义辨析。句意：直到20世纪60年代末，他才最终接受了他需要一个全时助行器。A.gradually逐渐地； B.frmally正式地； C.mstly大多数地； D.apparently明显地。根据上文“ 8 a wheelchair fr many years. It was nly by the end f the 1960s ”可知，此处指他“逐渐”接受了需要全时助行器的事实。故选A项。
40．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管霍金的健康状况不佳，他还是取得了一些重要的科学成就。A.experiments实验； B.achievements 成就； C.cnclusins结论；D.researches研究。根据上文“many f his scientific discveries were made while his bdy was 2 ”，可知，此处指他做出了许多重要的科学“成就”。故选B项。
41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：1974年，他发现了现在被知道为“霍金辐射”的物质。A.persuaded 说服；B.inferred推； C.knwn知道；D. predicted预测。由下文“as ‘Hawking radiatin’”可知，这里指被“知道”为“霍金辐射”的物质。故选C项。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是他的决心——专注于可能而非不可能的事情——塑造了他的公众形象。A.carefulness小心，仔细； B.creativity创造性； C.ptential 潜能；D.determinatin决心。根据下文“fcusing n what was pssible rather than impssible”可知，此处指他的“决心”塑造了他的公众形象。故选D项。
43．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的著作使科学更容易被广大公众理解。A.visible看得见的； B.suitable合适的； C.understandable容易理解的； D.affrdable支付得起的。根据上文“made science easily”，可知，此处指使科学对公众而言“容易理解”。故选C项。
44．考查动词词组辨析。句意：霍金曾经说过：“我对其他人的建议是： 专注于你的残疾并不会妨碍你做好的事情，不要为它所干扰的事情而悲伤。”A.cncentrate n专心，全神贯注于；B.leave behind 留下，丢弃；C.live ff依赖（某人）生活； D.believe in 相信。根据上文“fcusing n what was pssible rather than impssible”可知，此处指“专注于”你的残疾并不会妨碍你做好的事情。故选A项。
45．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.admit承认；B.share分享； C.frget忘记； D.murn 忧伤。根据下文“the things it interferes with”以及语境可知，此处指不要为它所干扰的事情而“悲伤”。故选D项。
46．B 47．D 48．C 49．A 50．A 51．D 52．C 53．B 54．B 55．C 56．B 57．A 58．A 59．B 60．D
【导语】本文是记叙文。天体物理学家Jcelyn Bell Burnell的人生经历及其不懈努力激励了许多人努力工作，实现自己的目标。
46．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她是一位著名的天体物理学家，在天文学上有了突破性的发现。A. rude粗鲁的；B. famus著名的；C. impatient没有耐心的；D. lazy懒惰的。根据后文“made a grundbreaking discvery in astrnmy”可知，她在天文学上有了突破性的发现，结合选项应是著名的符和句意。故选B项。
47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：1943年7月15日，乔斯林·贝尔·伯内尔出生于北爱尔兰。A. brught带来；B. wed欠；C. sld出售；D. brn出生。根据后文“She 3 frm the University f Glasgw with a Bachelr f Science degree in Natural Philsphy(physics),with hnrs, in 1965”可知，1965年她大学毕业，可推知，此处在讲述乔斯林·贝尔·伯内尔的生平，所以1943年应是出生。故选D项。
48．考查动词和动词短语辨析。句意：她于1965年毕业于格拉斯哥大学，获得自然哲学(物理学)学士学位，并于1969年获得剑桥大学博士学位。A. came来；B. brke away脱离；C. graduated毕业；D. set apart使与众不同。根据后文“She was the nly girl in her class in the University f Glasgw, and was frequently laughed at by the bys in the same class.”可知，她是班上唯一的女孩，所以她是这个学校的学生，此处应该是表达“毕业于格拉斯哥大学”之意。故选C项。
49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她于1965年毕业于格拉斯哥大学，获得自然哲学(物理学)学士学位，并于1969年获得剑桥大学博士学位。A. btained获得；B. anticipated预期；C. seized抓住；D. chse选择。根据前文“She 3 frm the University f Glasgw with a Bachelr f Science degree in Natural Philsphy(physics),with hnrs, in 1965”可知，此处和空处并列，应是表达“获得博士学位”之意。故选A项。
50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这并不妨碍她继续追求自己的理想。A. prevent阻碍；B. preserve保护；C. separate分离；D. release释放。根据前文“She was the nly girl in her class in the University f Glasgw, and was frequently laughed at by the bys in the same class.”可知，她被班上男同学嘲笑，根据本句转折可知，表达“不妨碍她继续追求自己的理想”之意。故选A项。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：1967年，她在用来记录外太空无线电信号的海图纸上捕捉到了一个信号。A. imagined想象；B. cmpleted完成；C. ranked把…分等级；D. captured捕获。根据后文“Hewish tk these recrds t Martin Ryle, under whm they were wrking, and they discussed these develpments withut Bell’s knwledge.”可知，她的导师讨论了这份记录，所以应该是捕捉到了一个信号。故选D项。
52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来证明，这些信号来自脉冲射电源，或简而言之，脉冲星。A. felt感觉；B. seemed似乎；C. prved证明；D. happened发生。根据后文“It was a 8 breakthrugh and made news all arund the wrld.”可知，她的发现轰动了全世界，所以是证明了这些信号来自脉冲射电源。故选C项。
53．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一项科学突破，轰动了全世界。A. identical相同的；B. scientific科学的；C. visual视力的；D. shallw浅的。根据前文“Later it 7 that these signals were frm pulsating radi surces, r in shrt, pulsars(脉冲星).”可知，发现脉冲星的信号，应是科学的发现。故选B项。
54．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但不久之后，她听到消息说，她的同事们因发现脉冲星而共同获得了1974年诺贝尔物理学奖。A. secretly秘密地；B. jintly共同地；C. casually随意地；D. barely仅仅。根据前句的“But befre lng, she heard news that her clleagues”和后文的“awarded the 1974 Nbel Prize in Physics fr the discvery f pulsars”结合选项她的同事们因发现脉冲星而共同获得了1974年诺贝尔物理学奖。故选B项。
55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为，我是一名女性的事实降低了我获得诺贝尔奖的地位。A. freigner外国人；B. dctr医生；C. wman女人；D. prfessr教授。根据前文“She was the nly girl in her class in the University f Glasgw, and was frequently laughed at by the bys in the same class.”可知，乔斯林·贝尔·伯内尔受到性别歧视，所以此处是指她是个女人。故选C项。
56．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这并没有使我气馁。A. abuse滥用；B. discurage使泄气；C. praise赞扬；D. miss错过。根据后文“I was actually pleased that pulsars were 12 imprtant enugh t rate a Nbel Prize”可知，乔斯林很高兴她的发现是这么重要，所以降低了她获得诺贝尔奖的地位并不使她沮丧。故选B项。
57．考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，我很高兴脉冲星被认为重要到足以获得诺贝尔奖。A. cnsidered认为；B. appinted任命；C. recmmended推荐；D. designed设计。根据前文“I was actually pleased”可知，乔斯林很高兴，因为脉冲星被认为重要到足以获得诺贝尔奖。故选A项。
58．考查名词词义辨析。句意：乔瑟琳·贝尔·伯内尔鼓舞了许多人，无论老少。A. inspiratin鼓舞人心的人；B. hnesty诚实；C. kindness仁慈；D. patience耐心。根据后文“she was smene wh had inspired a change in at least a few yung wmen.”可知，她是个鼓舞人心的人。故选A项。
59．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当女性不被支持从事STEM(科学、技术、工程和数学)领域的职业生涯时，她是一个激励了至少一些年轻女性做出改变的人。A. discuss讨论；B. pursue从事；C. ignre忽视；D. interview采访。根据本文内容可知，乔瑟琳受到性别歧视，但是她一只坚持自己的科学事业，所以此处应是不被支持从事STEM领域。故选B项。
60．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的故事激励了更多人努力工作，实现自己的目标。A. future未来；B. stress强调；C. plan计划；D. stry故事。纵观全文，本文讲述的是乔瑟琳受到性别歧视，但是她一只坚持自己的科学事业的故事，所以应该是她的故事激励了更多人努力工作，实现自己的目标。故选D项。
61．A 62．B 63．D 64．A 65．D 66．D 67．C 68．B 69．A 70．A 71．D 72．D 73．B 74．D 75．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了物理学界伟大的科学家斯蒂芬·霍金的故事。
61．考查名词词义辨析。句意：斯蒂芬·霍金是物理学界最著名、最有天赋的科学家之一。A. scientists科学家；B. teachers教师；C. singers歌手；D. dancers舞蹈演员。根据下文“This had helped him as a scientist,”可知，斯蒂芬·霍金是科学家。故选A。
62．考查介词词义辨析。句意：大多数人都熟悉他坐在轮椅上，无法移动，用电脑说话的画面。A. frm从……起；B. in在……中；C. at在……时；D. n在……上。根据下文“his wheelchair, unable t mve and using a cmputer t talk.”可知，此处表示霍金无法移动，坐在轮椅上，in ne’s wheelchair表示“坐在轮椅上”。故选B。
63．考查非谓语动词。句意：自从他得了一种疾病，导致他失去了大部分肌肉的功能，他的世界就变成了一个抽象的思想世界。A. lsing失去；B. lst丢失；C. t lse失去；D. lse失去。cause sb. t d sth.为固定搭配，表示“导致某人做某事”，空前有不定式符号，所以空处应用动词原形。故选D。
64．考查介词词义辨析。句意：1964年，作为剑桥大学物理专业的研究生，身体还足够健康可以走路，霍金第一次成名。A. as作为；B. with和；C. at在……时；D. n在……上。根据下文“a graduate student in physics at Cambridge University in 1964”可知，此处表示作为剑桥大学的物理研究生。故选A。
65．考查名词词义辨析。句意：总的来说，关于宇宙起源有两种主要的理论。A. reasns原因；B. wnders奇迹；C. causes原因；D. theries理论。根据下文“The first was the steady state thery,”可知，此处表示关于宇宙起源有两种主要理论。故选D。
66．考查关系词辨析。句意：第一种是稳态理论，它认为宇宙没有开始或结束。A. where哪里；B. wh谁；C. that那；D. which哪一个。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the steady state thery，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故选D。
67．考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一种是大爆炸理论，认为宇宙起源于时间和空间的某一点。A. mment时刻；B. hurs小时；C. space空间；D. place位置。根据上文“The ther was the big bang thery, which hlds that the universe began at a single pint in time and”以及常识可知，大爆炸理论认为宇宙起源于时间和空间的某一点。故选C。
68．考查介词词义辨析。句意：在霍伊尔一次演讲后的问答环节，霍金站了起来，指出霍伊尔在数学上犯了一个错误。A. while直至（某时）；B. after在……之后；C. befre在……之前；D. as如同。根据上文“During the questin and answer perid”以及常识可知，问答环节在演讲之后。故选B。
69．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在霍伊尔一次演讲后的问答环节，霍金站了起来，指出霍伊尔在数学上犯了一个错误。A. pinted ut指出；B. came ut出版；C. set ff出发；D. tk ut取出。根据下文“that Hyle had made a mistake in his ____10____. ”可知，此处表示霍金指出霍伊尔犯了一个错误。故选A。
70．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在霍伊尔一次演讲后的问答环节，霍金站了起来，指出霍伊尔在数学上犯了一个错误。A. maths数学；B. chemistry化学；C. Chinese中文；D. English英语。根据下文“Once the maths was crrected,”可知，霍金指出霍伊尔在数学上犯了一个错误。故选A。
71．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一旦数学得到修正，就证明了大爆炸理论——而不是稳态理论——是正确的。A. wrng错误的；B. fine好的；C. k可以的；D. true正确的。根据下文“Hawking’s wn wrk n the big bang thery was sn prven by astrnmers with telescpes.”可推知，此处表示数学被修正的话，可以表明大爆炸理论是正确的。故选D。
72．考查介词词义辨析。句意：除了很聪颖之外，他很勇敢，尽管有时说话或做事很粗心。A. Except that除了；B. Except除……之外；C. Apart分开地；D. Besides除……之外（还）。根据下文“being brilliant, he was brave,”可知，此处表示除了聪颖之外，霍金还很勇敢，except that后应接从句，except后面的宾语是不被包含的对象，apart应与介词frm搭配，表示“除了”，besides表示“除……之外（还）”，符合题意。故选D。
73．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他愿意说出别人害怕说的话，也愿意梦想别人害怕梦想的事。A. gd好的；B. willing愿意的；C. nice美好的；D. well良好的。根据下文“t say what thers were afraid t say, and t dream f what thers were afraid t dream abut.”可知，此处表示霍金愿意说别人害怕说的，be willing t d sth.表示“愿意做某事”。故选B。
74．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，他非常坚定。A. But只有；B. Yet仍然；C. Hwever然而；D. Furthermre此外。根据上文“He was ____13____t say what thers were afraid t say, and t dream f what thers were afraid t dream abut.”以及下文“he was quite determined.”可知，霍金愿意说别人害怕说的，愿意梦想别人害怕梦想的，除此之外，霍金还非常坚定。故选D。
75．考查介词词义辨析。句意：这帮助了他成为一名科学家，并在他与疾病的斗争甚至帮助更多。A. against反对；B. fr因为；C. at在……时；D. by通过。根据下文“his disease”可知，此处表示霍金与疾病作斗争，fight against表示“与……作斗争”。故选A。
76．A 77．B 78．C 79．C 80．B 81．D 82．B 83．D 84．A 85．C 86．B 87．D 88．D 89．B 90．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在电视上看到2022年诺贝尔奖的消息时，不禁想起了一个关于杰出物理学家阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的故事，由此而对物理表现出极大的兴趣，以及后来学习物理的学习经历。
76．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在电视上看到2022年诺贝尔奖的消息时，我不禁想起了一个关于杰出物理学家阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的故事。A. recalling使想起；B. writing写；C. inventing发明；D. publishing出版。根据“Seeing the news f the 2022 Nbel Prize n TV” 以及“a tale abut a remarkable physicist, Albert Einstein.”可知，因为看到2022年诺贝尔奖的消息时，所以让我不禁想起了一个关于杰出物理学家阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的故事。故选A项。
77．考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如爱因斯坦后来所说，正是那一刻标志着他科学之旅的开始。A. changed改变；B. marked标志；C. hit打击；D. limited限制。根据句意以及该句中的“the beginning f his scientific jurney.”可知，此处为正如爱因斯坦后来所说，正是那一刻标志着他科学之旅的开始。故选B项。
78．考查名词词义辨析。句意：历史上许多其他伟大的有才智的人也有类似的故事。A. medalists 奖牌获得者；B. graduates毕业生；C. minds有才智的人；D. teachers教师。根据上文提到的爱因斯坦为伟大的科学家，以及该句中的“had similar stries”可推知，此处为历史上许多其他伟大的有才智的人也有类似的故事。故选C项。
79．考查介词短语辨析。句意：与爱因斯坦和其他科学巨人不同，我不记得有什么特别的经历引起了我对科学的兴趣。A. Instead f代替；B. Other than除了；C. In cntrast t相比之下；D. Rather than而不是。根据下文“I dn’t remember having any particular experience that 5 my interest in science.”可知，此处在拿自己的经历与科学家的经历做比较，即：与爱因斯坦和其他科学巨人相比，我不记得有什么特别的经历引起了我对科学的兴趣。故选C项。
80．考查动词词义辨析。句意：与爱因斯坦和其他科学巨人不同，我不记得有什么特别的经历引起了我对科学的兴趣。A. lcked锁上；B. arused唤醒；C. maintained维护；D. added增加。根据该句中的“any particular experience”以及“my interest in science”可知，此处为与爱因斯坦和其他科学巨人不同，我不记得有什么特别的经历引起了我对科学的兴趣。故选B项。
81．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不太理解这些概念，但我可以在玩耍中运用它们。A. refuse 拒绝；B. miss想念；C. hnr给……荣誉；D. understand理解。根据该句中的“but I culd play with them.”but转折，可推知，此处为我不太理解这些概念，但我可以在玩耍中运用它们。故选D项。
82．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我仍然有同样的热情，但我的视野开阔了，因为我被介绍到物理学的许多更吸引人的部分。A. lessn课程；B. passin热情；C. reasn原因；D. subject主题。根据上文“I shwed great interest in physics at schl.”提到兴趣，以及“A lt changed abut me at this stage”发生了改变，和该句中的“still”可推知，此处为我仍然有同样的热情，但我的视野开阔了，因为我被介绍到物理学的许多更吸引人的部分。故选B项。
83．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我仍然有同样的热情，但我的视野开阔了，因为我被介绍到物理学的许多更吸引人的部分。A. cmpasses指南针；B. stars星星；C. papers论文，试卷；D. physics物理学。根据上文“I shwed great interest in physics at schl.”可知，此处为我仍然有同样的热情，但我的视野开阔了，因为我被介绍到物理学的许多更吸引人的部分。故选D项。
84．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我最初的动机是获得国际认可的教育水平。A. mtivatin动机；B. research研究；C. attitude态度；D. applicatin申请书。根据该句中的“t get an internatinally—praised level f educatin.”以及下文“Hwever, such an experience ____10____ mre than that.”的Hwever转折可推知，此处为我最初的动机是获得国际认可的教育水平。故选A项。
85．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，这样的经历意味着更多。A. tk带走；B. required要求；C. meant意味；D. started开始。根据下文“Mst imprtantly, it meant…”可知，此处为然而，这样的经历意味着更多。和下文meant相呼应。故选C项。
86．考查动词短语辨析。句意：回首往事，我意识到我在本科期间最怀念的是实际工作。A. Lking frward期待；B. Lking back回顾；C. Turning ver翻身；D. Turning arund转身。根据句意以及该句中的“I realized what I missed mst during my undergraduate studies”可知，此处为回首往事，我意识到我在本科期间最怀念的是实际工作。故选B项。
87．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：回首往事，我意识到我在本科期间最怀念的是实际工作。A. serius严重的；B. cuntless数不尽的；C. fficial官方的；D. practical实际的。根据下文“It was a lt mre satisfying than just trying t d science n paper.”可知，此处为回首往事，我意识到我在本科期间最怀念的是实际工作。故选D项。
88．考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，我的硕士学位学习计划也给了我这些机会。A. Undubtedly毫无疑问；B. Pssibly可能；C. Naturally自然地； D. Frtunately幸运地。 根据该句中的“my master’s degree study prgram als gives me these pprtunities.”可知，此处为幸运的是，我的硕士学位学习计划也给了我这些机会。故选D项。
89．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我可以接触到很多研究领域和实际工作的机会。A. devtin奉献；B. access机会；C. admissin承认；D. relatin关系。根据句意以及该句中的“s many research areas and pprtunities fr practical wrk.”可知，此处为我可以接触到很多研究领域和实际工作的机会。故选B项。
90．考查介词短语辨析。句意：多亏了这些经历，我自己发现了我想在物理学中成为什么。A. Thanks t 多亏了；B. As fr至于；C. In place f代替；D. Fr lack f因为缺乏。根据句意以及该句中的“I’ve discvered fr myself what I want t be in physics.”可知，此处为多亏了这些经历，我自己发现了我想在物理学中成为什么。故选A项。
91．B 92．C 93．C 94．D 95．A 96．B 97．D 98．A 99．B 100．D 101．B 102．C 103．C 104．A 105．D
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了以Ramesh为代表的印度南部的农民，最初以化学耕作法种植农作物，却成本高，产量低，后来采用自然持续的耕作方法反而富饶了田地，产量也增加了。这种可持续农业既使农民个人受益，也有效帮助减少碳足迹。
91．考查动词词义辨析。句意：与印度大多数地区一样，Ramesh在他位于印度南部阿南塔普尔地区的2.4公顷土地上施用杀虫剂和化肥。A. cllecting收集，收藏；B. applying申请，应用；C. gaining获得；D. rbbing掠夺，盗取。根据后文宾语“pesticides and fertilizers(杀虫剂和肥料)”以及地点状语“acrss his 2.4 hectares in the Anantapur district f suthern India(在他位于印度南部阿南塔普尔地区2.4公顷的土地上)”可知，Ramesh应是在自己的田地里使用了杀虫剂和化肥。故选B项。
92．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这片沙漠般的地区，常年降雨量不足600毫米，务农是一项挑战。A. advantage优点，优势；B. principle规范，原理；C. challenge挑战；D. disaster灾难。根据前文“In this desert-like area, which gets less than 600 millimeters f rainfall mst years(在这个沙漠般的地区，大多数年份的降雨量都不到600毫米)”可知，这里严重缺水，务农是一项挑战。故选C项。
93．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对农业感兴趣的Ramesh说：“通过化学耕作法种植花生，我损失了很多钱。”A. phenmena现象；B. cnditins条件；C. methds方法；D. analyses分析。分析语境可知，这里的“chemical farming”应是指前文“pesticides and fertilizers”提及的使用杀虫剂和化肥这种化学耕作方法。故选C项。
94．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些化学品在印度南部许多地区很常见。A. accessible可用的，易理解的；B. specific明确的，具体的；C. missing丢失的；D. cmmn通常的，普遍的。根据后文“The farmers depend t much n pesticides.(农民们过度依赖杀虫剂。)”可知，农民过度依赖杀虫剂，使得这种农业化学用品很普及。故选D项。
95．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些化学品很昂贵，但产量很低。A. cstly昂贵的，花钱多的；B. useful有用的；C. cmplicated复杂的；D. harmless无害的。分析可知，“but”表达转折和反义关系，因此所选词应与后文“lw”表达含义相反，“花钱多，但产量低”。故选A项。
96．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后在2017年，他放弃了这些化学品。A. advcated提倡，宣扬；B. abandned放弃，遗弃；C. adpted收养，采取；D. advanced发展，前进。根据前文Ramesh的话“I lst a lt f mney grwing peanuts thrugh chemical farming ___3___(通过化学耕作法种植花生，我损失了很多钱)”以及“The chemicals are ___5___ but the prductin is lw.(这些化学品很昂贵，但产量很低。)”可推知，他应是放弃了这种方法。故选B项。
97．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他说：“自从我采用自然耕作等可持续农业实践以来，产量提高了，成本下降了。”A. brke up分裂，分手；B. left ut遗漏，不考虑；C. backed ut退出，食言；D. tk up开始从事，采用。后文“sustainable agricultural practices like natural farming(可持续农业实践，比如自然耕作)”是Ramesh放弃了之后，新采用的一种农耕方式。故选D项。
98．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说：“自从我采用自然耕作等可持续农业实践以来，产量提高了，成本下降了。”A. increased增长，增加；B. emphasized强调；C. ruined破坏，毁坏；D. suspended暂停，中止。根据后文“Ramesh als expanded his crps, ___10___ peanuts and sme tmates. Then he added eggplants and ther crps.(Ramesh还扩大了他的作物，原本是花生和一些西红柿。然后他又种植了茄子和其他作物。)”可知，Ramesh增加了自己的作物种类，由此可推知，他实行的可持续农业方法有成效，成本降低，产量增加。故选A项。
99．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一种自然耕作方法要求用有机物质取代所有化肥和农药，以提高土壤养分水平。A. understanding理解，明白；B. replacing取代，代替；C. cnfusing使困惑；D. rejecting拒绝，不同意。“replace sth with sth”，固定短语，意为“用某物取代某物”。故选B项。
100．考查副词词义辨析。句意：Ramesh还扩大了他的作物，原本是花生和一些西红柿。A. anxiusly不安地，忧虑地；B. eventually最后，终于；C. rarely罕有，很少；D. riginally原来，起初。根据前文“In 2007, 22-year-ld Ramesh’s peanut farm lst mney.(2007年，22岁的Ramesh的花生农场亏损。)”可知，Ramesh最初是种植花生的。故选D项。
101．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在非营利组织Accin Fraterna生态中心的帮助下，Ramesh增加了利润，足以购买更多土地，扩大他的田地，该生态中心与想要尝试可持续农业的农民合作。A. adjustment调整，适应；B. aid援助，帮助；C. exceptin例外；D. debt借款，债务。根据后文“which wrks with farmers(与农民合作)”可知，这个组织给与了帮助。故选B项。
102．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在非营利组织Accin Fraterna生态中心的帮助下，Ramesh增加了利润，足以购买更多土地，扩大他的田地，该生态中心与想要尝试可持续农业的农民合作。 A. temprary短暂的，暂时的；B. verseas外国的，海外的；C. sustainable可持续的；D. abnrmal不正常的，变态的。与前文“sustainable agricultural practices like natural farming(可持续农业实践，如自然耕作)”中“sustainable”相呼应，这里应是原词复现“sustainable”。故选C项。
103．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在非营利组织Accin Fraterna生态中心的帮助下，Ramesh增加了利润，足以购买更多土地，扩大他的田地，该生态中心与想要尝试可持续农业的农民合作。A. fitness健康；B. limits限制；C. prfits利润，盈利；D. respect尊敬，尊重。根据后文“buy mre land(购买更多土地)”可知，Ramesh应是挣了钱，盈利增加了才会有钱买地。故选C项。
104．考查动词词义辨析。句意：与印度其他数千名从事自然农业的农民一样，Ramesh成功地丰富了他的死土壤，而他的新树木有助于将碳排放到大气中，从而在减少印度的碳足迹方面发挥了重要作用。A. managed管理，完成；B. hesitated犹豫，迟疑；C. failed失败；D. agreed同意。根据前文“Ever since I ___7___ sustainable agricultural practices like natural farming, the prductin has been ___8___ and the cst has gne dwn(自从我采用自然耕作等可持续农业实践以来，产量提高了，成本下降了)”可知，Ramesh采用的可持续农业实践方法使得产量增加，由此可知，他成功地使“死掉”的田地富饶起来。故选A项。
105．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最近的研究表明，自然耕作的碳吸收潜力比标准农业高34%。A. lss亏损，损失；B. barrier障碍，屏障；C. credit信用，认可；D. ptential可能性，潜力。根据前文“playing an imprtant rle in reducing India’s carbn ftprint(在减少印度的碳足迹方面发挥着重要作用)”可知，自然耕作方式在降低碳足迹方面有着重要作用。因此，这里应是将其吸收碳的能力或潜力与标准耕作方式相比较的。故选D项。
William Thmsn was brn n 26 June, 1824 in Belfast. He was taught by his father, a prfessr f mathematics. In 1832, the family mved t Glasgw where Thmsn attended university at the age f 10, then studied at Cambridge and Paris Universities. In 1846 he became prfessr f natural philsphy in Glasgw, a pst he 1 fr mre than 50 years.
In Glasgw, Thmsn 2 the first physics labratry in Britain. He was a pineer in many different 3 , particularly electrmagnetism (电磁学) and thermdynamics (热力学). 4 Faraday(法拉第), he was respnsible fr the intrductin f the 5 f an electrmagnetic field where Thmsn develped the wrk f the 6 f the subject, Niclas Carnt and James Jule. One f the mst 7 results f his wrk was his idea f an abslute zer f temperature — the scale based n this is named 8 him.
Thrughut his wrk Thmsn’s main gal was the practical use f science. He achieved 9 thrugh his wrk n submarine telegraphy, a majr practical prblem f the day. He was 10 as a scientific adviser in the laying f the Atlantic telegraph cables in 1857-1858 and 1865-1866,fr which he was knighted in 1866. His 11 in marine issues als inspired him t develp a mariners’ cmpass and 12 a tide machine and depth-measuring equipment. He invented many electrical instruments and his huse in Glasgw was the first t be 13 by electric light.
Thmsn was raised t the nblemen with the 14 f Barn Kelvin f Largs in 1892. The Kelvin was a small river that flwed near Glasgw University and he was president f the ryal Sciety frm 1890 t 1895. He died n 17 December, 1907, in Ayrshire, Sctland and was 15 in Westminster Abbey.
1．A．sughtB．cnfirmedC．admiredD．held
2．A．tk upB．brke upC．set upD．blew up
3．A．fieldsB．cuntriesC．labsD．clleges
4．A．In spite fB．Except frC．Tgether withD．Regardless f
5．A．cmmandB．cnditinC．cntractD．cncept
6．A．learnersB．pineersC．cmpetitrsD．leaders
7．A．imprtantB．bviusC．frtunateD．psitive
8．A．frB．withC．afterD．n
9．A．wealthB．fameC．cntributinD．enthusiasm
10．A．cnsideredB．attractedC．emplyedD．accused
11．A．hbbyB．desireC．successD．interest
12．A．perateB．inventC．cntrlD．prduce
13．A．litB．builtC．decratedD．equipped
14．A．titleB．nameC．hnrD．award
15．A．preservedB．respectedC．admittedD．buried
（2023春·河南新乡·高二统考期末）Ada Lvelace was the daughter f a rmantic pet, Lrd Byrn. She earned her place in histry as the first cmputer 16 —a full century befre tday’s cmputers 17 . And she became an idl(偶像)fr wmen in 18 industry tday. She culdn’t have dne it withut British mathematician Charles Babbage. Their 19 started in the early 1830s. Babbage had 20 plans fr a detailed and cmplicated machine he called the Difference Engine—actually, a giant mechanical calculatr.
In the middle f his wrk n it, Ada 21 Babbage at a party. It was mathematical 22 at first sight. The tw struck up a wrking relatinship and eventual clse friendship that wuld 23 until Ada’s death. Babbage used his Difference Engine t brainstrm a new Analytical Engine. He then 24 an incmplete prttype(雏形)f this machine. Ada saw that engine’s true 25 . The Analytical Engine was mre than a calculatr. When the user 26 its cmmands, the engine culd 27 nearly any mathematical task rdered. Ada even wrte instructins fr 28 a cmplicated math prblem. Many histrians wuld later cnsider thse as the first cmputer prgram and Ada as the first prgrammer. The secnd Tuesday in Octber has becme Ada Lvelace Day, n which the 29 f wmen t science, technlgy, engineering, and mathematics are 30 .
16．A．tutrB．saleswmanC．prgrammerD．accuntant
17．A．brke dwnB．came utC．died utD．shwed ff
18．A．cmputerB．turistC．vehicleD．agriculture
19．A．settlementB．cnflictC．argumentD．cperatin
20．A．shut dwnB．slwed dwnC．fllwed upD．drawn up
21．A．inquiredB．metC．criticizedD．accepted
22．A．lveB．mistakeC．prblemD．addictin
23．A．frmB．lastC．matterD．cunt
24．A．bughtB．restredC．representedD．shwed
25．A．cntextB．ptentialC．bnusD．damage
26．A．beyedB．stppedC．neededD．sent
27．A．perfrmB．inputC．quitD．study
28．A．discveringB．creatingC．slvingD．raising
29．A．beautyB．humrC．cntributinD．secret
30．A．hnredB．pstpnedC．integratedD．adpted
（2021秋·广东汕头·高二校考期中）Stephen Hawking nt nly changed the way peple thught abut science, but he als changed the way peple viewed 31 . Diagnsed (诊断) with mtr neurne disease in his twenties, many f his scientific discveries were made while his bdy was 32 .
When Hawking studied at Oxfrd University, he had a 33 fr being lively, humrus and ppular. 34 , during his final year at Oxfrd, he fell ver fr n particular reasn. When nticing his speech (说话的能力) began t be 35 , Hawking sught medical help. It was then that he was diagnsed with the disease. Dctrs at the time gave him less than tw years t 36 .
Luckily, he survived. Hwever, after his diagnsis, his 37 failed quickly. Thrughut the 1960s, he required a stick t walk, 38 a wheelchair fr many years. It was nly by the end f the 1960s that he 39 accepted he wuld need a full-time mbility aid (助动器).
Despite Hawking’s pr health, he made sme imprtant scientific 40 . It was in 1974 that he discvered what nw is 41 as “Hawking radiatin”. Later, in 1988, Hawking published his bk A Brief Histry f Time.
It was his 42 — fcusing n what was pssible rather than impssible — that defined (定义) his public image. His bks made science easily 43 fr a wider public. Hawking nce said, "My advice t ther peple wuld be: 44 things yur disability desn’t prevent yu frm ding well, and dn’t 45 the things it interferes (干扰) with. Dn’ t be disabled in spirit, as well as physically.”
31．A．natureB．knwledgeC．disabilityD．space
32．A．failingB．recveringC．shakingD．grwing
33．A．nameB．requestC．careerD．fantasy
34．A．HenceB．HweverC．BesidesD．Instead
35．A．inaccurateB．bringC．briefD．unclear
36．A．relaxB．liveC．studyD．adpt
37．A．memryB．mindC．sightD．health
38．A．preparingB．refusingC．btainingD．pushing
39．A．graduallyB．frmallyC．mstlyD．apparently
40．A．experimentsB．achievementsC．cnclusinsD．researches
41．A．persuadedB．inferredC．knwnD．predicted
42．A．carefulnessB．creativityC．ptentialD．determinatin
43．A．visibleB．suitableC．understandableD．affrdable
44．A．cncentrate nB．leave behindC．live ffD．believe in
45．A．admitB．shareC．frgetD．murn
（2023春·河南新乡·高二长垣市第一中学统考期中）Mst f us might nt be familiar with the name Jcelyn Bell Burnell. She is a(n) 46 astrphysicist(天体物理学家) wh made a grundbreaking discvery in astrnmy.
Jcelyn Bell Burnell was 47 n 15th July,1943 in Nrthern Ireland. She 48 frm the University f Glasgw with a Bachelr f Science degree in Natural Philsphy(physics),with hnrs, in 1965 and 49 a PhD degree frm the University f Cambridge in 1969. She was the nly girl in her class in the University f Glasgw, and was frequently laughed at by the bys in the same class. But that did nt 50 her frm carrying n with her aspiratins.
In 1967, she 51 a signal, n the chart papers she had used t recrd radi signals frm uter space. Her supervisr(导师), Hewish tk these recrds t Martin Ryle, under whm they were wrking, and they discussed these develpments withut Bell’s knwledge. Later it 52 that these signals were frm pulsating radi surces, r in shrt, pulsars(脉冲星). It was a 53 breakthrugh and made news all arund the wrld. But befre lng, she heard news that her clleagues were 54 awarded the 1974 Nbel Prize in Physics fr the discvery f pulsars.
“I think the fact that I was a 55 that reduced my standing in terms f receiving a Nbel Prize. It didn’t 56 me. I was actually pleased that pulsars were 57 imprtant enugh t rate a Nbel Prize, ”Jcelyn Bell Burnell had said in a dcumentary abut her life. Jcelyn Bell Burnell is a(n) 58 fr many peple, yung and ld alike. When wmen weren’t supprted t 59 a career in the STEM (science, technlgy, engineering and mathematics) field, she was smene wh had inspired a change in at least a few yung wmen. Her 60 has inspired mre peple t wrk hard and achieve their gals.
46．A．rudeB．famusC．impatientD．lazy
47．A．brughtB．wedC．sldD．brn
48．A．cameB．brke awayC．graduatedD．set apart
49．A．btainedB．anticipatedC．seizedD．chse
50．A．preventB．preserveC．separateD．release
51．A．imaginedB．cmpletedC．rankedD．captured
52．A．feltB．seemedC．prvedD．happened
53．A．identicalB．scientificC．visualD．shallw
54．A．secretlyB．jintlyC．casuallyD．barely
55．A．freignerB．dctrC．wmanD．prfessr
56．A．abuseB．discurageC．praiseD．miss
57．A．cnsideredB．appintedC．recmmendedD．designed
58．A．inspiratinB．hnestyC．kindnessD．patience
59．A．discussB．pursueC．ignreD．interview
60．A．futureB．stressC．planD．stry
（2023秋·吉林辽源·高二统考期末）A wrld f pure thught
Stephen Hawking was ne f the mst famus and gifted 61 in physics. Mst peple are familiar with images f him 62 his wheelchair, unable t mve and using a cmputer t talk. Since he came dwn with a disease which caused him t 63 the use f mst f his muscles, his wrld became ne f abstract thught.
Hawking first achieved fame when he was still healthy enugh t walk, 64 a graduate student in physics at Cambridge University in 1964. In general, there were tw main 65 n the rigin f the universe. The first was the steady state thery, 66 hlds that the universe has n beginning r end. The ther was the big bang thery, which hlds that the universe began at a single pint in time and 67 . The biggest champin f the steady state cncept was Fred Hyle, a prfessr at Cambridge. During the questin and answer perid 68 ne f Hyle’s lectures, Hawking std up and 69 that Hyle had made a mistake in his 70 . Once the maths was crrected, it shwed that the big bang thery — and nt the steady state thery — was 71 . Hawking’s wn wrk n the big bang thery was sn prven by astrnmers with telescpes.
A star was brn. S, what made Stephen Hawking a genius? 72 being brilliant, he was brave, thugh smetimes careless in what he said r did. He was 73 t say what thers were afraid t say, and t dream f what thers were afraid t dream abut. 74 , he was quite determined. This had helped him as a scientist, and had helped him even mre in his fight 75 his disease. Abve all, Hawking was willing t admit his faults. This dd cmbinatin f characteristics had made him ne f the greatest thinkers f the 20th and 21st centuries.
61．A．scientistsB．teachersC．singersD．dancers
62．A．frmB．inC．atD．n
63．A．lsingB．lstC．t lseD．lse
64．A．asB．withC．atD．n
65．A．reasnsB．wndersC．causesD．theries
66．A．whereB．whC．thatD．which
67．A．mmentB．hursC．spaceD．place
68．A．whileB．afterC．befreD．as
69．A．pinted utB．came utC．set ffD．tk ut
70．A．mathsB．chemistryC．ChineseD．English
71．A．wrngB．fineC．kD．true
72．A．Except thatB．ExceptC．ApartD．Besides
73．A．gdB．willingC．niceD．well
74．A．ButB．YetC．HweverD．Furthermre
75．A．againstB．frC．atD．by
（2023·全国·高二专题练习）Seeing the news f the 2022 Nbel Prize n TV, I can’t help 76 a tale abut a remarkable physicist, Albert Einstein. When Einstein was a little kid, his father bught him a cmpass as a gift. He was amazed by it. It was that mment, as Einstein later said, that 77 the beginning f his scientific jurney. Many ther great 78 in histry had similar stries
It always amazed me hw such an experience culd have a huge impact n ne’s life. 79 Einstein and ther science giants, I dn’t remember having any particular experience that 80 my interest in science. Fr me, I was nt a matter f a single event, but rather many f them.
As a kid I enjyed spending hurs watching stars during summer nights. I tried t see if sme f thse shining dts displayed certain figures, I fund magnetism (磁力) and electricity very interesting t. I didn’t really 81 these cncepts, but I culd play with them.
I shwed great interest in physics at schl. T learn mre abut it, I began my undergraduate studies. A lt changed abut me at this stage. I still had the same 82 , but my perspective (思维方式) was widened as I was intrduced t many mre fascinating parts f 83 . Cnsequently, my interest in the field was shaped.
Fllwing my graduatin, I decided t study abrad. My initial 84 was t get an internatinally—praised level f educatin. Hwever, such an experience 85 mre than that. Mst imprtantly, it meant that I wuld be in an envirnment where I culd fully immerse (沉浸) myself in my wrk and subjects f physics.
86 , I realized what I missed mst during my undergraduate studies was 87 wrk. It was a lt mre satisfying than just trying t d science n paper. 88 , my master’s degree study prgram als gives me these pprtunities. I get 89 t s many research areas and pprtunities fr practical wrk. 90 all these experiences, I’ve discvered fr myself what I want t be in physics.
76．A．recallingB．writingC．inventingD．publishing
77．A．changedB．markedC．hitD．limited
78．A．medalistsB．graduatesC．mindsD．teachers
79．A．Instead fB．Other thanC．In cntrast tD．Rather than
80．A．lckedB．arusedC．maintainedD．added
81．A．refuseB．missC．hnrD．understand
82．A．lessnB．passinC．reasnD．subject
83．A．cmpassesB．starsC．papersD．physics
84．A．mtivatinB．researchC．attitudeD．applicatin
85．A．tkB．requiredC．meantD．started
86．A．Lking frwardB．Lking backC．Turning verD．Turning arund
87．A．seriusB．cuntlessC．fficialD．practical
88．A．UndubtedlyB．PssiblyC．NaturallyD．Frtunately
89．A．devtinB．accessC．admissinD．relatin
90．A．Thanks tB．As frC．In place fD．Fr lack f
（2023秋·全国·高二假期作业）In 2007, 22-year-ld Ramesh’s peanut farm lst mney. As was ften the case in mst f India, Ramesh was 91 pesticides (杀虫剂) and fertilizers acrss his 2.4 hectares in the Anantapur district f suthern India. In this desert-like area, which gets less than 600 millimeters f rainfall mst years, farming is a(n) 92 .
“I lst a lt f mney grwing peanuts thrugh chemical farming 93 ,” says Ramesh, wh is interested in agriculture. The chemicals are 94 in many parts f suthern India. The farmers depend t much n pesticides. The chemicals are 95 but the prductin is lw. Then in 2017, he 96 the chemicals. “Ever since I 97 sustainable agricultural practices like natural farming, the prductin has been 98 and the cst has gne dwn,” he says.
One natural farming methd calls fr 99 all chemical fertilizers and pesticides with rganic matter t bst sil nutrient levels. Ramesh als expanded his crps, 100 peanuts and sme tmates. Then he added eggplants and ther crps.
With the 101 f the nn-prfit rganizatin Accin Fraterna Eclgy Centre, which wrks with farmers wh want t try 102 farming, Ramesh increased his 103 enugh t buy mre land, expanding his field. Like thusands f ther farmers practicing natural farming acrss India, Ramesh has 104 t enrich his dead sil while his new trees help keep carbn ut f the atmsphere, thus playing an imprtant rle in reducing India’s carbn ftprint. Recent study has shwn that the carbn absrptin 105 f natural farming is as much as 34 percent higher than standard frms f agriculture.
91．A．cllectingB．applyingC．gainingD．rbbing
92．A．advantageB．principleC．challengeD．disaster
93．A．phenmenaB．cnditinsC．methdsD．analyses
94．A．accessibleB．specificC．missingD．cmmn
95．A．cstlyB．usefulC．cmplicatedD．harmless
96．A．advcatedB．abandnedC．adptedD．advanced
97．A．brke upB．left utC．backed utD．tk up
98．A．increasedB．emphasizedC．ruinedD．suspended
99．A．understandingB．replacingC．cnfusingD．rejecting
100．A．anxiuslyB．eventuallyC．rarelyD．riginally
101．A．adjustmentB．aidC．exceptinD．debt
102．A．tempraryB．verseasC．sustainableD．abnrmal
103．A．fitnessB．limitsC．prfitsD．respect
104．A．managedB．hesitatedC．failedD．agreed
105．A．lssB．barrierC．creditD．ptential
参考答案：
1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．D 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．C 11．D 12．B 13．A 14．A 15．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了威廉·汤姆森的生平，并重点讲述了他在科学和实际应用方面所取得的成就。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：1846年，他成为格拉斯哥的自然哲学教授，并担任了50多年。A. sught寻找；B. cnfirmed确认；C. admired钦佩；D. held担任。从空格前面的“prfessr f natural philsphy in Glasgw”及“a pst”可知，此处表示他担任这个职位长达50多年。故选D项。
2．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在格拉斯哥，汤姆森建立了英国第一个物理实验室。A. tk up开始从事；B. brke up打碎；C. set up建立；D. blew up爆炸。由空后的“the first physics labratry”可知，此处表示汤姆森在英国建立了第一个物理实验室。故选C项。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他是许多领域的先驱，尤其是电磁学和热力学。A. fields领域；B. cuntries国家；C. labs实验室；D. clleges学院。后面提到的“particularly electrmagnetism and thermdynamics”是两个不同的领域。故选A项。
4．考查介词短语辨析。句意：他和法拉第一起引入了电磁场的概念，在那里汤姆森发展了这一课题的先驱尼古拉斯·卡诺和詹姆斯·焦耳的工作。A. In spite f尽管；B. Except fr除了；C. Tgether with和……一起；D. Regardless f不管。根据下文“Faraday, he was respnsible fr the intrductin f the cncept”可知，此处表示和法拉第一起，他负责引入了电磁场这个概念。故选C项。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. cmmand命令；B. cnditin条件；C. cntract合同；D. cncept概念。根据后文的“an electrmagnetic field”可知，他和法拉第一起引入了电磁场的概念。故选D。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他和法拉第一起引入了电磁场的概念，在那里汤姆森发展了这一课题的先驱尼古拉斯·卡诺和詹姆斯·焦耳的工作。A. learners学习者；B. pineers先驱；C. cmpetitrs竞争者；D. leaders领导者。根据上文的“develped the wrk f”和下文的 “the subject”及其后的两个人名可知，此处指的是汤姆森发展了这两位先驱者在这一学科的成就。故选B项。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他工作中最重要的成果之一就是他的绝对零度概念——基于这个概念的温度计就是以他的名字命名的。A. imprtant重要的；B. bvius明显的；C. frtunate幸运的；D. psitive积极的。结合下文的“his idea f an abslute zer f temperature-the scale based n this is named ___8___ him.”可知，此处表示汤姆森所提出的重要的想法。故选A项。
8．考查介词词义辨析。句意：他工作中最重要的成果之一就是他的绝对零度概念——基于这个概念的温度计就是以他的名字命名的。A. fr为了；B. with和……一起；C. after在……后面；D. n在……上面。此处是固定词组 name after，表示“以……命名”。故选C项。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他通过研究当时的一个重大实际问题——海底电报而成名。A. wealth财富；B. fame名誉；C. cntributin贡献；D. enthusiasm热情。根据下文“He was ___10___ as a scientific adviser in the laying f the Atlantic telegraph cables in 1857-1858 and 1865-1866, fr which he was knighted in 1866.”可知，他由于在大西洋电缆铺设工作上的成就被授以爵位，故此处指他通过自己在海底电报方面的工作而成名。故选B项。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他曾在1857-1858年和1865-1866年铺设大西洋电报电缆时担任科学顾问，并于1866年获封爵士。A. cnsidered考虑；B. attracted吸引；C. emplyed聘用；D. accused控告。从空后的“as a scientific adviser in the laying f the Atlantic telegraph cables”可知，他被聘作科学顾问来指导铺设电缆。故选C项。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对海洋问题的兴趣也激发了他开发水手罗盘、发明潮汐机和深度测量设备。A. hbby爱好；B. desire欲望；C. success成功；D. interest兴趣。根据语境并结合后面的“in marine issues als inspired him t develp a mariners' cmpass”可知，此处是指他对海洋问题的兴趣激励他开发了船用罗盘。故选D项。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他对海洋问题的兴趣也激发了他开发水手罗盘、发明潮汐机和深度测量设备。A. perate操作；B. invent发明；C. cntrl控制；D. prduce生产。结合前面的 develp和后面的“a tide machine and depth- measuring equipment”可知，他发明了潮汐机和深度测量设备，下文的“He invented many electrical instruments”也是提示。故选B项。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他发明了许多电子仪器，他在格拉斯哥的房子是第一个被电灯照亮的。A. lit照亮；B. built建造；C. decrated装饰；D. equipped装备。后面的“by electric light”表示他家是第一家使用电灯照明的家庭。故选A项。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：汤姆逊于1892年被提拔为贵族，被封为拉格斯的开尔文男爵。A. title头衔；B. name名字；C. hnr荣誉；D. award奖励。结合空前的“was raised t the nblemen”和后面的“Barn Kelvin f Largs in1892”可知，在1892年他晋升成为贵族，拥有开尔文勋爵的称号。故选A项。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：1907年12月17日，他死于苏格兰的埃尔郡，葬于威斯敏斯特教堂。A. preserved保存；B. respected尊敬；C. admitted允许；D. buried埋葬。空处与前面的“He died n17 December, 1907”呼应，此处指他死后被埋葬在威斯敏斯特教堂里面。故选D项。
16．C 17．B 18．A 19．D 20．D 21．B 22．A 23．B 24．D 25．B 26．D 27．A 28．C 29．C 30．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Ada Lvelace是如何对于计算机编程做出贡献的以及她的开创性工作的影响。
16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她作为第一个计算机程序员在历史上赢得了一席之地——在今天的计算机出现之前整整一个世纪。A. tutr导师；B. saleswman女售货员；C. prgrammer程序员；D. accuntant会计。根据下文“Many histrians wuld later cnsider thse as the first cmputer prgram and Ada as the first prgrammer.”可知，艾达是一名程序员。故选C。
17．考查动词短语辨析。句意：她作为第一个计算机程序员在历史上赢得了一席之地——在今天的计算机出现之前整整一个世纪。A. brke dwn分解；B. came ut出现；C. died ut灭绝；D. shwed ff炫耀。根据前文的“in histry”和下文的“a full century befre tday’s cmputers”可知，在今天的计算机出现前整整一个世纪，她就已经是程序员。故选B。
18．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她成为了当今计算机行业女性的偶像。A. cmputer计算机；B. turist游客；C. vehicle车辆；D. agriculture农业。根据下文“Many histrians wuld later cnsider thse as the first cmputer prgram and Ada as the first prgrammer.”可知，Ada Lvelace是计算机行业的女性的偶像。根据故选A。
19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的合作在19世纪30年代早期开始的。A. settlement和解；B. cnflict冲突；C. argument争论；D. cperatin合作。根据前文“She culdn’t have dne it withut British mathematician Charles Babbage.( 如果没有英国数学家查尔斯·巴贝奇，她不可能做到这一点。)”可知，他们开始了合作。故选D。
20．考查动词短语辨析。句意：巴贝奇为一台详细的复杂的机器起草了计划，他称之为“差分机”——实际上是一个巨大的机械计算器。A. shut dwn关闭；B. slwed dwn减慢；C. fllwed up跟随；D. drawn up起草。根据下文“In the middle f his wrk n it”可知，巴贝奇草拟了计划，致力于它。故选D。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他工作的过程中，艾达在一次聚会上遇到了巴贝奇。A. inquired询问；B. met遇见；C. criticized批评；D. accepted接受。根据下文“The tw struck up a wrking relatinship(两人建立了工作关系)”可知，他们在一次聚会是遇见。故选B。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是数学上的一见钟情。A. lve爱；B. mistake错误；C. prblem问题；D. addictin入迷；嗜好。根据下文“The tw struck up a wrking relatinship and eventual clse friendship that wuld 8 until Ada’s death.( 两人建立了工作关系，并最终成为亲密的朋友，一直持续到艾达去世。)”可知,对数学的爱让他们一见如故。故选A。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：两人建立了工作关系，并最终成为亲密的朋友，一直持续到艾达去世。A. frm形成；B. last持续；C. matter要紧；重要；D. cunt计算。根据下文“The tw struck up a wrking relatinship and eventual clse friendship”可知，他们成为了亲密的朋友，友谊一直持续到艾达去世。故选B。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，他展示了这台机器的一个不完整的原型。A. bught买；B. restred修复；恢复；C. represented代表；D. shwed展示。根据前文“Babbage used his Difference Engine t brainstrm a new Analytical Engine.( 巴贝奇用他的差分机头脑风暴出了一台新的分析机。)”可知，他把机器的出行给艾达看。故选D。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：艾达看到了这台机器的真正潜力。A. cntext上下文；B. ptential潜力；可能性；C. bnus奖金；津贴；D. damage毁坏；损害。根据下文“The Analytical Engine was mre than a calculatr.(这台分析机不仅仅是一台计算器。)”可知，这台机器潜力很大。故选B。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当用户发出命令时，这台机器几乎可以执行任何命令的数学任务。A. beyed遵守；B. stpped停止；C. needed需要；D. sent发送。寄出。根据下文“nearly any mathematical task rdered”可知，用户发出指令。故选D。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当用户发出命令时，这台引擎几乎可以执行任何命令的数学任务。A. perfrm执行；B. input输入；C. quit退出；D. study研究。根据下文“Ada even wrte instructins fr 13 a cmplicated math prblem.”可知，用户发出命令，引擎执行这些任务。故选A。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：艾达甚至写下了解决一道复杂数学题的说明。A. discvering发现；B. creating创造；C. slving解决；D. raising提高。根据下文“Many histrians wuld later cnsider thse as the first cmputer prgram and Ada as the first prgrammer.(许多历史学家后来认为这些是第一个计算机程序，艾达是第一个程序员。)”可知，艾达写了解决复杂的数学题的说明。故选C。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每年10月的第二个星期二被定为艾达·洛芙蕾丝日，在这一天表彰女性在科学、技术、工程和数学方面的贡献。A. beauty美丽；B. humr幽默；C. cntributin贡献；D. secret秘密。根据上文讲述的艾达的事迹以及她做出的贡献和下文“f wmen t science, technlgy, engineering, and mathematics”可知，在这一天表彰女性在科学、技术、工程和数学方面的贡献。故选C。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每年10月的第二个星期二被定为艾达·洛芙蕾丝日，在这一天表彰女性在科学、技术、工程和数学方面的贡献。A. hnred给以……荣誉；B. pstpned延期；C. integrated合并；D. adpted收养。根据上文“The secnd Tuesday in Octber has becme Ada Lvelace Day”可知，10月的第二个星期二被定为艾达·洛芙蕾丝日，是为了纪念艾达，并表彰女性对科学，技术，工程和数学的贡献。故选A。
31．C 32．A 33．A 34．B 35．D 36．B 37．D 38．B 39．A 40．B 41．C 42．D 43．C 44．A 45．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国科学家斯蒂芬 · 霍金身残志坚，通往成功的过程。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：斯蒂芬 · 霍金不仅改变了人们对科学的看法，也改变了人们对残疾的看法。A.nature自然； B.knwledge 知识； C.disability残疾；D.space空间。根据下文“Thrughut the 1960s, he required stick t walk”可知，此处指改变了人们对“残疾”的看法。故选C项。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在二十多岁时被诊断患有运动神经元疾病，他的许多科学发现都是在他身体衰退的时候取得的。A.failing出故障，衰退； B.recvering恢复； C.shaking摇晃； D.grwing生长。根据前文“Diagnsed (诊断) with mtr neurne disease ”可知，此处指在他身体“衰退”期间，他完成了很多科学发现。故选A项。
33． 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当霍金在牛津大学学习时，他因活泼、幽默和受欢迎而出名。A.name名誉，名声； B.request 要求；C.career职业生涯；D.fantasy幻想。根据下文“ fr being lively, humrus and ppular”可知，此处指霍金因为活泼、幽默和受欢迎而“出名”。故选A项。
34．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在牛津大学的最后一年，他无缘无故摔倒了。A.Hence因此； B.Hwever 然而； C.Besides而且；D.Instead代替，而不是。根据下文“he fell ver fr n particular reasn”可知，此处和上文为转折关系，指无缘无故他摔倒了。故选B项。
35．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当发现自己的语言开始变得模糊不清时，霍金寻求医疗帮助。A.inaccurate不精确的；B.bring无聊的； C.brief 简洁的；D.unclear 不清楚的。根据下文“Hawking sught medical help”可知，此处指霍金发现自己语言变得“不清楚”时，他开始寻求医疗帮助。故选D项。
36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时的医生说他只能活不到两年了。A.relax放松； B.live生存，活着； C.study学习； D.adpt采纳。根据下文“Luckily, he survived. ”可知，此处指医生说他“活”不到两年。故选B项。
37．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，在他被诊断出来之后，他的健康状况很快就恶化了。A.memry记忆；B.mind 思想；C.sight视力； D.health 健康。根据下文“Despite Hawking's pr health”可知，此处指他的“健康”状况很快就恶化了。故选D项。
38．考查动词词义辨析。句意：整个20世纪60年代，他一直坚持走路，多年来拒绝坐轮椅。A.preparing准备； B.refusing拒绝； C.btaining获得； D.pushing推动，促使。根据下文“It was nly by the end f the 1960s that he 9 accepted he wuld need a full-time mbility aid.”可知，此处指他“拒绝”坐轮椅。故选B项。
39．考查副词词义辨析。句意：直到20世纪60年代末，他才最终接受了他需要一个全时助行器。A.gradually逐渐地； B.frmally正式地； C.mstly大多数地； D.apparently明显地。根据上文“ 8 a wheelchair fr many years. It was nly by the end f the 1960s ”可知，此处指他“逐渐”接受了需要全时助行器的事实。故选A项。
40．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管霍金的健康状况不佳，他还是取得了一些重要的科学成就。A.experiments实验； B.achievements 成就； C.cnclusins结论；D.researches研究。根据上文“many f his scientific discveries were made while his bdy was 2 ”，可知，此处指他做出了许多重要的科学“成就”。故选B项。
41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：1974年，他发现了现在被知道为“霍金辐射”的物质。A.persuaded 说服；B.inferred推； C.knwn知道；D. predicted预测。由下文“as ‘Hawking radiatin’”可知，这里指被“知道”为“霍金辐射”的物质。故选C项。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是他的决心——专注于可能而非不可能的事情——塑造了他的公众形象。A.carefulness小心，仔细； B.creativity创造性； C.ptential 潜能；D.determinatin决心。根据下文“fcusing n what was pssible rather than impssible”可知，此处指他的“决心”塑造了他的公众形象。故选D项。
43．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的著作使科学更容易被广大公众理解。A.visible看得见的； B.suitable合适的； C.understandable容易理解的； D.affrdable支付得起的。根据上文“made science easily”，可知，此处指使科学对公众而言“容易理解”。故选C项。
44．考查动词词组辨析。句意：霍金曾经说过：“我对其他人的建议是： 专注于你的残疾并不会妨碍你做好的事情，不要为它所干扰的事情而悲伤。”A.cncentrate n专心，全神贯注于；B.leave behind 留下，丢弃；C.live ff依赖（某人）生活； D.believe in 相信。根据上文“fcusing n what was pssible rather than impssible”可知，此处指“专注于”你的残疾并不会妨碍你做好的事情。故选A项。
45．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.admit承认；B.share分享； C.frget忘记； D.murn 忧伤。根据下文“the things it interferes with”以及语境可知，此处指不要为它所干扰的事情而“悲伤”。故选D项。
46．B 47．D 48．C 49．A 50．A 51．D 52．C 53．B 54．B 55．C 56．B 57．A 58．A 59．B 60．D
【导语】本文是记叙文。天体物理学家Jcelyn Bell Burnell的人生经历及其不懈努力激励了许多人努力工作，实现自己的目标。
46．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她是一位著名的天体物理学家，在天文学上有了突破性的发现。A. rude粗鲁的；B. famus著名的；C. impatient没有耐心的；D. lazy懒惰的。根据后文“made a grundbreaking discvery in astrnmy”可知，她在天文学上有了突破性的发现，结合选项应是著名的符和句意。故选B项。
47．考查动词词义辨析。句意：1943年7月15日，乔斯林·贝尔·伯内尔出生于北爱尔兰。A. brught带来；B. wed欠；C. sld出售；D. brn出生。根据后文“She 3 frm the University f Glasgw with a Bachelr f Science degree in Natural Philsphy(physics),with hnrs, in 1965”可知，1965年她大学毕业，可推知，此处在讲述乔斯林·贝尔·伯内尔的生平，所以1943年应是出生。故选D项。
48．考查动词和动词短语辨析。句意：她于1965年毕业于格拉斯哥大学，获得自然哲学(物理学)学士学位，并于1969年获得剑桥大学博士学位。A. came来；B. brke away脱离；C. graduated毕业；D. set apart使与众不同。根据后文“She was the nly girl in her class in the University f Glasgw, and was frequently laughed at by the bys in the same class.”可知，她是班上唯一的女孩，所以她是这个学校的学生，此处应该是表达“毕业于格拉斯哥大学”之意。故选C项。
49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她于1965年毕业于格拉斯哥大学，获得自然哲学(物理学)学士学位，并于1969年获得剑桥大学博士学位。A. btained获得；B. anticipated预期；C. seized抓住；D. chse选择。根据前文“She 3 frm the University f Glasgw with a Bachelr f Science degree in Natural Philsphy(physics),with hnrs, in 1965”可知，此处和空处并列，应是表达“获得博士学位”之意。故选A项。
50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这并不妨碍她继续追求自己的理想。A. prevent阻碍；B. preserve保护；C. separate分离；D. release释放。根据前文“She was the nly girl in her class in the University f Glasgw, and was frequently laughed at by the bys in the same class.”可知，她被班上男同学嘲笑，根据本句转折可知，表达“不妨碍她继续追求自己的理想”之意。故选A项。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：1967年，她在用来记录外太空无线电信号的海图纸上捕捉到了一个信号。A. imagined想象；B. cmpleted完成；C. ranked把…分等级；D. captured捕获。根据后文“Hewish tk these recrds t Martin Ryle, under whm they were wrking, and they discussed these develpments withut Bell’s knwledge.”可知，她的导师讨论了这份记录，所以应该是捕捉到了一个信号。故选D项。
52．考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来证明，这些信号来自脉冲射电源，或简而言之，脉冲星。A. felt感觉；B. seemed似乎；C. prved证明；D. happened发生。根据后文“It was a 8 breakthrugh and made news all arund the wrld.”可知，她的发现轰动了全世界，所以是证明了这些信号来自脉冲射电源。故选C项。
53．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一项科学突破，轰动了全世界。A. identical相同的；B. scientific科学的；C. visual视力的；D. shallw浅的。根据前文“Later it 7 that these signals were frm pulsating radi surces, r in shrt, pulsars(脉冲星).”可知，发现脉冲星的信号，应是科学的发现。故选B项。
54．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但不久之后，她听到消息说，她的同事们因发现脉冲星而共同获得了1974年诺贝尔物理学奖。A. secretly秘密地；B. jintly共同地；C. casually随意地；D. barely仅仅。根据前句的“But befre lng, she heard news that her clleagues”和后文的“awarded the 1974 Nbel Prize in Physics fr the discvery f pulsars”结合选项她的同事们因发现脉冲星而共同获得了1974年诺贝尔物理学奖。故选B项。
55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为，我是一名女性的事实降低了我获得诺贝尔奖的地位。A. freigner外国人；B. dctr医生；C. wman女人；D. prfessr教授。根据前文“She was the nly girl in her class in the University f Glasgw, and was frequently laughed at by the bys in the same class.”可知，乔斯林·贝尔·伯内尔受到性别歧视，所以此处是指她是个女人。故选C项。
56．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这并没有使我气馁。A. abuse滥用；B. discurage使泄气；C. praise赞扬；D. miss错过。根据后文“I was actually pleased that pulsars were 12 imprtant enugh t rate a Nbel Prize”可知，乔斯林很高兴她的发现是这么重要，所以降低了她获得诺贝尔奖的地位并不使她沮丧。故选B项。
57．考查动词词义辨析。句意：事实上，我很高兴脉冲星被认为重要到足以获得诺贝尔奖。A. cnsidered认为；B. appinted任命；C. recmmended推荐；D. designed设计。根据前文“I was actually pleased”可知，乔斯林很高兴，因为脉冲星被认为重要到足以获得诺贝尔奖。故选A项。
58．考查名词词义辨析。句意：乔瑟琳·贝尔·伯内尔鼓舞了许多人，无论老少。A. inspiratin鼓舞人心的人；B. hnesty诚实；C. kindness仁慈；D. patience耐心。根据后文“she was smene wh had inspired a change in at least a few yung wmen.”可知，她是个鼓舞人心的人。故选A项。
59．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当女性不被支持从事STEM(科学、技术、工程和数学)领域的职业生涯时，她是一个激励了至少一些年轻女性做出改变的人。A. discuss讨论；B. pursue从事；C. ignre忽视；D. interview采访。根据本文内容可知，乔瑟琳受到性别歧视，但是她一只坚持自己的科学事业，所以此处应是不被支持从事STEM领域。故选B项。
60．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的故事激励了更多人努力工作，实现自己的目标。A. future未来；B. stress强调；C. plan计划；D. stry故事。纵观全文，本文讲述的是乔瑟琳受到性别歧视，但是她一只坚持自己的科学事业的故事，所以应该是她的故事激励了更多人努力工作，实现自己的目标。故选D项。
61．A 62．B 63．D 64．A 65．D 66．D 67．C 68．B 69．A 70．A 71．D 72．D 73．B 74．D 75．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了物理学界伟大的科学家斯蒂芬·霍金的故事。
61．考查名词词义辨析。句意：斯蒂芬·霍金是物理学界最著名、最有天赋的科学家之一。A. scientists科学家；B. teachers教师；C. singers歌手；D. dancers舞蹈演员。根据下文“This had helped him as a scientist,”可知，斯蒂芬·霍金是科学家。故选A。
62．考查介词词义辨析。句意：大多数人都熟悉他坐在轮椅上，无法移动，用电脑说话的画面。A. frm从……起；B. in在……中；C. at在……时；D. n在……上。根据下文“his wheelchair, unable t mve and using a cmputer t talk.”可知，此处表示霍金无法移动，坐在轮椅上，in ne’s wheelchair表示“坐在轮椅上”。故选B。
63．考查非谓语动词。句意：自从他得了一种疾病，导致他失去了大部分肌肉的功能，他的世界就变成了一个抽象的思想世界。A. lsing失去；B. lst丢失；C. t lse失去；D. lse失去。cause sb. t d sth.为固定搭配，表示“导致某人做某事”，空前有不定式符号，所以空处应用动词原形。故选D。
64．考查介词词义辨析。句意：1964年，作为剑桥大学物理专业的研究生，身体还足够健康可以走路，霍金第一次成名。A. as作为；B. with和；C. at在……时；D. n在……上。根据下文“a graduate student in physics at Cambridge University in 1964”可知，此处表示作为剑桥大学的物理研究生。故选A。
65．考查名词词义辨析。句意：总的来说，关于宇宙起源有两种主要的理论。A. reasns原因；B. wnders奇迹；C. causes原因；D. theries理论。根据下文“The first was the steady state thery,”可知，此处表示关于宇宙起源有两种主要理论。故选D。
66．考查关系词辨析。句意：第一种是稳态理论，它认为宇宙没有开始或结束。A. where哪里；B. wh谁；C. that那；D. which哪一个。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the steady state thery，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故选D。
67．考查名词词义辨析。句意：另一种是大爆炸理论，认为宇宙起源于时间和空间的某一点。A. mment时刻；B. hurs小时；C. space空间；D. place位置。根据上文“The ther was the big bang thery, which hlds that the universe began at a single pint in time and”以及常识可知，大爆炸理论认为宇宙起源于时间和空间的某一点。故选C。
68．考查介词词义辨析。句意：在霍伊尔一次演讲后的问答环节，霍金站了起来，指出霍伊尔在数学上犯了一个错误。A. while直至（某时）；B. after在……之后；C. befre在……之前；D. as如同。根据上文“During the questin and answer perid”以及常识可知，问答环节在演讲之后。故选B。
69．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在霍伊尔一次演讲后的问答环节，霍金站了起来，指出霍伊尔在数学上犯了一个错误。A. pinted ut指出；B. came ut出版；C. set ff出发；D. tk ut取出。根据下文“that Hyle had made a mistake in his ____10____. ”可知，此处表示霍金指出霍伊尔犯了一个错误。故选A。
70．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在霍伊尔一次演讲后的问答环节，霍金站了起来，指出霍伊尔在数学上犯了一个错误。A. maths数学；B. chemistry化学；C. Chinese中文；D. English英语。根据下文“Once the maths was crrected,”可知，霍金指出霍伊尔在数学上犯了一个错误。故选A。
71．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一旦数学得到修正，就证明了大爆炸理论——而不是稳态理论——是正确的。A. wrng错误的；B. fine好的；C. k可以的；D. true正确的。根据下文“Hawking’s wn wrk n the big bang thery was sn prven by astrnmers with telescpes.”可推知，此处表示数学被修正的话，可以表明大爆炸理论是正确的。故选D。
72．考查介词词义辨析。句意：除了很聪颖之外，他很勇敢，尽管有时说话或做事很粗心。A. Except that除了；B. Except除……之外；C. Apart分开地；D. Besides除……之外（还）。根据下文“being brilliant, he was brave,”可知，此处表示除了聪颖之外，霍金还很勇敢，except that后应接从句，except后面的宾语是不被包含的对象，apart应与介词frm搭配，表示“除了”，besides表示“除……之外（还）”，符合题意。故选D。
73．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他愿意说出别人害怕说的话，也愿意梦想别人害怕梦想的事。A. gd好的；B. willing愿意的；C. nice美好的；D. well良好的。根据下文“t say what thers were afraid t say, and t dream f what thers were afraid t dream abut.”可知，此处表示霍金愿意说别人害怕说的，be willing t d sth.表示“愿意做某事”。故选B。
74．考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，他非常坚定。A. But只有；B. Yet仍然；C. Hwever然而；D. Furthermre此外。根据上文“He was ____13____t say what thers were afraid t say, and t dream f what thers were afraid t dream abut.”以及下文“he was quite determined.”可知，霍金愿意说别人害怕说的，愿意梦想别人害怕梦想的，除此之外，霍金还非常坚定。故选D。
75．考查介词词义辨析。句意：这帮助了他成为一名科学家，并在他与疾病的斗争甚至帮助更多。A. against反对；B. fr因为；C. at在……时；D. by通过。根据下文“his disease”可知，此处表示霍金与疾病作斗争，fight against表示“与……作斗争”。故选A。
76．A 77．B 78．C 79．C 80．B 81．D 82．B 83．D 84．A 85．C 86．B 87．D 88．D 89．B 90．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在电视上看到2022年诺贝尔奖的消息时，不禁想起了一个关于杰出物理学家阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的故事，由此而对物理表现出极大的兴趣，以及后来学习物理的学习经历。
76．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在电视上看到2022年诺贝尔奖的消息时，我不禁想起了一个关于杰出物理学家阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的故事。A. recalling使想起；B. writing写；C. inventing发明；D. publishing出版。根据“Seeing the news f the 2022 Nbel Prize n TV” 以及“a tale abut a remarkable physicist, Albert Einstein.”可知，因为看到2022年诺贝尔奖的消息时，所以让我不禁想起了一个关于杰出物理学家阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的故事。故选A项。
77．考查动词词义辨析。句意：正如爱因斯坦后来所说，正是那一刻标志着他科学之旅的开始。A. changed改变；B. marked标志；C. hit打击；D. limited限制。根据句意以及该句中的“the beginning f his scientific jurney.”可知，此处为正如爱因斯坦后来所说，正是那一刻标志着他科学之旅的开始。故选B项。
78．考查名词词义辨析。句意：历史上许多其他伟大的有才智的人也有类似的故事。A. medalists 奖牌获得者；B. graduates毕业生；C. minds有才智的人；D. teachers教师。根据上文提到的爱因斯坦为伟大的科学家，以及该句中的“had similar stries”可推知，此处为历史上许多其他伟大的有才智的人也有类似的故事。故选C项。
79．考查介词短语辨析。句意：与爱因斯坦和其他科学巨人不同，我不记得有什么特别的经历引起了我对科学的兴趣。A. Instead f代替；B. Other than除了；C. In cntrast t相比之下；D. Rather than而不是。根据下文“I dn’t remember having any particular experience that 5 my interest in science.”可知，此处在拿自己的经历与科学家的经历做比较，即：与爱因斯坦和其他科学巨人相比，我不记得有什么特别的经历引起了我对科学的兴趣。故选C项。
80．考查动词词义辨析。句意：与爱因斯坦和其他科学巨人不同，我不记得有什么特别的经历引起了我对科学的兴趣。A. lcked锁上；B. arused唤醒；C. maintained维护；D. added增加。根据该句中的“any particular experience”以及“my interest in science”可知，此处为与爱因斯坦和其他科学巨人不同，我不记得有什么特别的经历引起了我对科学的兴趣。故选B项。
81．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不太理解这些概念，但我可以在玩耍中运用它们。A. refuse 拒绝；B. miss想念；C. hnr给……荣誉；D. understand理解。根据该句中的“but I culd play with them.”but转折，可推知，此处为我不太理解这些概念，但我可以在玩耍中运用它们。故选D项。
82．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我仍然有同样的热情，但我的视野开阔了，因为我被介绍到物理学的许多更吸引人的部分。A. lessn课程；B. passin热情；C. reasn原因；D. subject主题。根据上文“I shwed great interest in physics at schl.”提到兴趣，以及“A lt changed abut me at this stage”发生了改变，和该句中的“still”可推知，此处为我仍然有同样的热情，但我的视野开阔了，因为我被介绍到物理学的许多更吸引人的部分。故选B项。
83．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我仍然有同样的热情，但我的视野开阔了，因为我被介绍到物理学的许多更吸引人的部分。A. cmpasses指南针；B. stars星星；C. papers论文，试卷；D. physics物理学。根据上文“I shwed great interest in physics at schl.”可知，此处为我仍然有同样的热情，但我的视野开阔了，因为我被介绍到物理学的许多更吸引人的部分。故选D项。
84．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我最初的动机是获得国际认可的教育水平。A. mtivatin动机；B. research研究；C. attitude态度；D. applicatin申请书。根据该句中的“t get an internatinally—praised level f educatin.”以及下文“Hwever, such an experience ____10____ mre than that.”的Hwever转折可推知，此处为我最初的动机是获得国际认可的教育水平。故选A项。
85．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，这样的经历意味着更多。A. tk带走；B. required要求；C. meant意味；D. started开始。根据下文“Mst imprtantly, it meant…”可知，此处为然而，这样的经历意味着更多。和下文meant相呼应。故选C项。
86．考查动词短语辨析。句意：回首往事，我意识到我在本科期间最怀念的是实际工作。A. Lking frward期待；B. Lking back回顾；C. Turning ver翻身；D. Turning arund转身。根据句意以及该句中的“I realized what I missed mst during my undergraduate studies”可知，此处为回首往事，我意识到我在本科期间最怀念的是实际工作。故选B项。
87．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：回首往事，我意识到我在本科期间最怀念的是实际工作。A. serius严重的；B. cuntless数不尽的；C. fficial官方的；D. practical实际的。根据下文“It was a lt mre satisfying than just trying t d science n paper.”可知，此处为回首往事，我意识到我在本科期间最怀念的是实际工作。故选D项。
88．考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，我的硕士学位学习计划也给了我这些机会。A. Undubtedly毫无疑问；B. Pssibly可能；C. Naturally自然地； D. Frtunately幸运地。 根据该句中的“my master’s degree study prgram als gives me these pprtunities.”可知，此处为幸运的是，我的硕士学位学习计划也给了我这些机会。故选D项。
89．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我可以接触到很多研究领域和实际工作的机会。A. devtin奉献；B. access机会；C. admissin承认；D. relatin关系。根据句意以及该句中的“s many research areas and pprtunities fr practical wrk.”可知，此处为我可以接触到很多研究领域和实际工作的机会。故选B项。
90．考查介词短语辨析。句意：多亏了这些经历，我自己发现了我想在物理学中成为什么。A. Thanks t 多亏了；B. As fr至于；C. In place f代替；D. Fr lack f因为缺乏。根据句意以及该句中的“I’ve discvered fr myself what I want t be in physics.”可知，此处为多亏了这些经历，我自己发现了我想在物理学中成为什么。故选A项。
91．B 92．C 93．C 94．D 95．A 96．B 97．D 98．A 99．B 100．D 101．B 102．C 103．C 104．A 105．D
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了以Ramesh为代表的印度南部的农民，最初以化学耕作法种植农作物，却成本高，产量低，后来采用自然持续的耕作方法反而富饶了田地，产量也增加了。这种可持续农业既使农民个人受益，也有效帮助减少碳足迹。
91．考查动词词义辨析。句意：与印度大多数地区一样，Ramesh在他位于印度南部阿南塔普尔地区的2.4公顷土地上施用杀虫剂和化肥。A. cllecting收集，收藏；B. applying申请，应用；C. gaining获得；D. rbbing掠夺，盗取。根据后文宾语“pesticides and fertilizers(杀虫剂和肥料)”以及地点状语“acrss his 2.4 hectares in the Anantapur district f suthern India(在他位于印度南部阿南塔普尔地区2.4公顷的土地上)”可知，Ramesh应是在自己的田地里使用了杀虫剂和化肥。故选B项。
92．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这片沙漠般的地区，常年降雨量不足600毫米，务农是一项挑战。A. advantage优点，优势；B. principle规范，原理；C. challenge挑战；D. disaster灾难。根据前文“In this desert-like area, which gets less than 600 millimeters f rainfall mst years(在这个沙漠般的地区，大多数年份的降雨量都不到600毫米)”可知，这里严重缺水，务农是一项挑战。故选C项。
93．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对农业感兴趣的Ramesh说：“通过化学耕作法种植花生，我损失了很多钱。”A. phenmena现象；B. cnditins条件；C. methds方法；D. analyses分析。分析语境可知，这里的“chemical farming”应是指前文“pesticides and fertilizers”提及的使用杀虫剂和化肥这种化学耕作方法。故选C项。
94．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些化学品在印度南部许多地区很常见。A. accessible可用的，易理解的；B. specific明确的，具体的；C. missing丢失的；D. cmmn通常的，普遍的。根据后文“The farmers depend t much n pesticides.(农民们过度依赖杀虫剂。)”可知，农民过度依赖杀虫剂，使得这种农业化学用品很普及。故选D项。
95．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这些化学品很昂贵，但产量很低。A. cstly昂贵的，花钱多的；B. useful有用的；C. cmplicated复杂的；D. harmless无害的。分析可知，“but”表达转折和反义关系，因此所选词应与后文“lw”表达含义相反，“花钱多，但产量低”。故选A项。
96．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后在2017年，他放弃了这些化学品。A. advcated提倡，宣扬；B. abandned放弃，遗弃；C. adpted收养，采取；D. advanced发展，前进。根据前文Ramesh的话“I lst a lt f mney grwing peanuts thrugh chemical farming ___3___(通过化学耕作法种植花生，我损失了很多钱)”以及“The chemicals are ___5___ but the prductin is lw.(这些化学品很昂贵，但产量很低。)”可推知，他应是放弃了这种方法。故选B项。
97．考查动词短语辨析。句意：他说：“自从我采用自然耕作等可持续农业实践以来，产量提高了，成本下降了。”A. brke up分裂，分手；B. left ut遗漏，不考虑；C. backed ut退出，食言；D. tk up开始从事，采用。后文“sustainable agricultural practices like natural farming(可持续农业实践，比如自然耕作)”是Ramesh放弃了之后，新采用的一种农耕方式。故选D项。
98．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说：“自从我采用自然耕作等可持续农业实践以来，产量提高了，成本下降了。”A. increased增长，增加；B. emphasized强调；C. ruined破坏，毁坏；D. suspended暂停，中止。根据后文“Ramesh als expanded his crps, ___10___ peanuts and sme tmates. Then he added eggplants and ther crps.(Ramesh还扩大了他的作物，原本是花生和一些西红柿。然后他又种植了茄子和其他作物。)”可知，Ramesh增加了自己的作物种类，由此可推知，他实行的可持续农业方法有成效，成本降低，产量增加。故选A项。
99．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一种自然耕作方法要求用有机物质取代所有化肥和农药，以提高土壤养分水平。A. understanding理解，明白；B. replacing取代，代替；C. cnfusing使困惑；D. rejecting拒绝，不同意。“replace sth with sth”，固定短语，意为“用某物取代某物”。故选B项。
100．考查副词词义辨析。句意：Ramesh还扩大了他的作物，原本是花生和一些西红柿。A. anxiusly不安地，忧虑地；B. eventually最后，终于；C. rarely罕有，很少；D. riginally原来，起初。根据前文“In 2007, 22-year-ld Ramesh’s peanut farm lst mney.(2007年，22岁的Ramesh的花生农场亏损。)”可知，Ramesh最初是种植花生的。故选D项。
101．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在非营利组织Accin Fraterna生态中心的帮助下，Ramesh增加了利润，足以购买更多土地，扩大他的田地，该生态中心与想要尝试可持续农业的农民合作。A. adjustment调整，适应；B. aid援助，帮助；C. exceptin例外；D. debt借款，债务。根据后文“which wrks with farmers(与农民合作)”可知，这个组织给与了帮助。故选B项。
102．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在非营利组织Accin Fraterna生态中心的帮助下，Ramesh增加了利润，足以购买更多土地，扩大他的田地，该生态中心与想要尝试可持续农业的农民合作。 A. temprary短暂的，暂时的；B. verseas外国的，海外的；C. sustainable可持续的；D. abnrmal不正常的，变态的。与前文“sustainable agricultural practices like natural farming(可持续农业实践，如自然耕作)”中“sustainable”相呼应，这里应是原词复现“sustainable”。故选C项。
103．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在非营利组织Accin Fraterna生态中心的帮助下，Ramesh增加了利润，足以购买更多土地，扩大他的田地，该生态中心与想要尝试可持续农业的农民合作。A. fitness健康；B. limits限制；C. prfits利润，盈利；D. respect尊敬，尊重。根据后文“buy mre land(购买更多土地)”可知，Ramesh应是挣了钱，盈利增加了才会有钱买地。故选C项。
104．考查动词词义辨析。句意：与印度其他数千名从事自然农业的农民一样，Ramesh成功地丰富了他的死土壤，而他的新树木有助于将碳排放到大气中，从而在减少印度的碳足迹方面发挥了重要作用。A. managed管理，完成；B. hesitated犹豫，迟疑；C. failed失败；D. agreed同意。根据前文“Ever since I ___7___ sustainable agricultural practices like natural farming, the prductin has been ___8___ and the cst has gne dwn(自从我采用自然耕作等可持续农业实践以来，产量提高了，成本下降了)”可知，Ramesh采用的可持续农业实践方法使得产量增加，由此可知，他成功地使“死掉”的田地富饶起来。故选A项。
105．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最近的研究表明，自然耕作的碳吸收潜力比标准农业高34%。A. lss亏损，损失；B. barrier障碍，屏障；C. credit信用，认可；D. ptential可能性，潜力。根据前文“playing an imprtant rle in reducing India’s carbn ftprint(在减少印度的碳足迹方面发挥着重要作用)”可知，自然耕作方式在降低碳足迹方面有着重要作用。因此，这里应是将其吸收碳的能力或潜力与标准耕作方式相比较的。故选D项。
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