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英语Unit 5 Working the Land精品课后测评
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这是一份英语Unit 5 Working the Land精品课后测评，共18页。
Prfessr Dnna Strickland is nly the third wman ever t have wn the Nbel Prize in Physics. She and her fellw winners were hnred fr what the Nbel Cmmittee called grundbreaking inventins in laser physics. Prfessr Strickland fund a pineering way t use lasers as very precise drilling r cutting tls. Millins f eye peratins are perfrmed every year with these sharpest laser beams.
“Hw surprising d yu think it is that yu’re the third wman t win this prize?”
“Well that is surprising, isn’t it? I think that’s the stry f Maria that peple want t talk abut —that why shuld it take 60 years? There are s many wmen ut there ding fantastic research, s why des it take s lng t get recgnized?”
Physics still has ne f the largest gender(性别) gaps in science. One recent study cncluded that at the current rate it wuld be mre than tw centuries until there were, equal numbers f senir male and female researchers in the field.
The last wman t win the Nbel Prize in Physics was German-brn Maria Geppert Mayer fr her discveries abut the nuclei f atms. Befre that it was Marie Curie, wh shared the 1903 prize with her husband, Pierre. This year winners hpe that breaking this half century hiatus (间断) will mean the fcus in the future will be n the research, rather than the gender f the researcher.
1．Which f the fllwing best explains the underlined wrd “grundbreaking” in Paragraph 2?
A．breathtakingB．amazingC．innvativeD．interesting
2．What d we knw abut Prfessr Strickland’s achievement?
A．She created the mst intense laser pulses by herself.
B．She supprted equality between man and wmen.
C．She discvered the nuclei f atms with her husband.
D．She invented a way f using lasers as cutting tls.
3．When did the secnd wman winning the Nbel Prize in Physics win the hnr?
A．In 1903.B．In 1958.C．In 1963.D．In 1985.
4．What can be inferred frm the statements in Paragraph 4?
A．Wmen’s achievements in physics areas great as men’.
B．Wmen’s achievements in physics are mre and mre fantastic.
C．Maria’s discveries resulted frm her lngtime research.
D．Gender inequality still exists in the field f science research.
（2023春·河南开封·高二统考期末）It’s 9:30 A．M. in Ls Angeles. Jamiah Hargins pulls a few shrt, green-leafed plants ut f the grund in his West Adams backyard, revealing the peanuts (花生). He pens ne and gives it a taste.
Hargins started grwing fd at hme because he wanted mre nutritius ptins fr his family. He sn fund that he grew mre than they culd eat, s he turned t scial media t start a “crp swap (交换)” with neighbrs wh were dealing with a similar situatin. Launched in 2018, Crp Swap LA has since mved twards a mre expansive yard-sharing mdel.
Hargins’ attempt at urban farming was als driven by bigger cncerns. A 2016 Delitte study identified a shift in the pririties shppers said helped determine their chices, with scial impact values including lcal surcing and sustainability (可持续性) nw ranking alngside traditinal drivers like “taste” and “price”.
Crp Swap LA has branched int farmer’s markets, wrkshps fr kids, and ther cmmunity-fcused fferings. It encurages hmewners t “share” their yards with the Crp Swap LA team, which will plant crps. When the crps are harvested, they’ll be sld primarily in lw-incme areas. Ten percent will be dnated back t the neighbrhd where they were grwn and then an additinal percentage will be sld in higher-incme areas. Sme funds made are given back t the landwner, which Hargins expects will amunt t abut $5,000 annually.
This summer, Crp Swap LA received $50,000 frm the LA 2050 Grant Challenge, which was used t change their first seven gardens, One hmewner, Mychal Creer, is a Ls Angeles native wh said he has always wanted t grw fd but never real gt the ball rlling. He’s excited t watch his land transfrm. And he’s excited t meet mre neighbrs.
“I’m glad that we are creating a cmmunity using crps as the means f cnnectin,” Creer said.
5．Why did Hargins start grwing fd in his backyard?
A．He fllwed the example f his neighbrs.
B．He hped t make a prfit by selling the fd.
C．He wanted t prvide healthy fd fr his family.
D．He learned abut the benefits f hme-grwn fd n scial media.
6．What is an extra cnsideratin abut the prduce when peple g shpping nw?
A．Whether it is grwn thrugh mdern farming methd.
B．Whether it is ppular amng lcal cnsumer.
C．Whether it is grwn by prfessinal farmer.
D．Whether it is friendly t the envirnment.
7．What can we learn abut Crp Swap LA’s yard-sharing prgram?
A．It brings fd and prfit t the landwner.
B．It mainly attracts peple frm lw-incme areas.
C．It will help the grwers make up t $5,000 every year.
D．It dnates ten percent f the fd t lw-incme families.
8．Hw des Creer benefit frm Crp Swap LA’s prgram?
A．He feels a strnger sense f cnnectin.
B．He has made $50,000 frm the lands s far.
C．His garden has becme mre beautiful than befre.
D．He enjys greater ppularity amng his neighbrs.
（2023春·陕西咸阳·高二统考期末）In 2018, China became the largest prducer and cnsumer f the fruit in the wrld. Ninety-tw-year-ld Wu Mingzhu, a native f Wuhan, is the unknwn her wh has helped make this pssible.
“Abut 80 percent f the watermelns and sweet-melns served at peple’s dining tables every day are the result f painful effrts made by Wu and her team ver mre than 60 years,” said Zhang Wenjun, a clleague f Wu’s.
Helping thers had lng been a dream f hers. And she thught the mst beautiful thing in life is that everything yu create can serve the peple, s she made effrts t grw quality melns, which began paying ff in 1973. She is ne f the 8, 000 agricultural scientists wh have cme t Hainan annually frm acrss the cuntry ver the past 60 years and have cultivated mre than 20, 000 f China’s new seed varieties thrugh ff-seasn breeding.
Using innvative measures such as radiatin mutatin breeding, duble haplid breeding and distant hybridizatin breeding, Wu and her team develped new germ-plasm (种质) resurces, frm which they cultivated mre than 30 watermeln and muskmeln (香瓜) varieties with better adaptability and strnger disease resistance, said Yi Hngping, frmer directr f the Xinjiang Muskmeln Research Center.
The new meln varieties have been prmted t mre than 1.86 millin hectares f fields frm nrth t suth. Sme f these varieties have been prmted verseas, as far as Califrnia. Wu’s wrk has left her a number f hnrs. The “queen f melns” became an academician with the Chinese Academy f Engineering in 1999 and an hnrary citizen f Sanya in 2004.
9．Why did Wu Mingzhu mainly want t grw high-end melns?
A．Because she wanted t make China the largest prducer f melns.
B．Because China is the largest cnsumer f melns in the wrld.
C．Because she wanted t create smething that culd serve peple.
D．Because Chinese gvernment asked her t grw high quality melns.
10．What can we learn abut frm Paragraph 4?
A．Wu and her team cultivated meln varieties that culd resist every disease.
B．Wu and her team cultivated high quality melns frm the new germ-plasm resurces.
C．Wu and her team cultivated 30 watermeln varieties frm radiatin mutatin breeding.
D．Wu and her team cultivated meln varieties that culd adapt t any circumstance.
11．Which f the fllwing abut Wu Mingzhu is NOT true frm the text?
A．She has cultivated mre than 20, 000 f China’s new seed varieties.
B．She is cmmitted t her wrk and makes remarkable achievements.
C．She helps make China the largest prducer f fruit in the wrld in 2018.
D．She is awarded a number f hnrary titles due t her cntributins.
12．What is the text?
A．A diary entry.B．A bk review.
C．A schl ntice.D．A news reprt.
（2022秋·河北沧州·高二统考期中）Cmpared with physicists such as Marie Curie r Richard Feynman, Wu Chien-shiung is nt a husehld name in China but she was ne f the mst influential nuclear physicists f the 20th century, ne that “cmpletely” changed human’s view f the universe.
Wu’s father, Wu Zhngyi, funded the first schl fr girls in Taicang, aiming t break the ld idea that it was wmen’s virtue t have n talents, which had the greatest influence n Wu Chien-shiung’s life. Wrking in the scientific wrld dminated (支配) by men, she never gave up r lwered her standards even if unequally treated. After graduating frm the frmer Natinal Central University in Nanjing in 1934, Wu registered at the University f Califrnia, Berkeley at the age f 24 t cntinue her study in physics.
During her 44-year career as a nuclear physicist, Wu’s pineering achievements wn her nicknames such as “Chinese Madame Curie”, “queen f nuclear research” and “first lady f physics”. She was the first wman t be president f American Physical Sciety, the first female winner f the Cmstck Prize in physics given by the US Natinal Academy f Sciences, the first persn t receive the Wlf Prize in physics, the first hnrary dctrate awarded by Princetn University t a wman, and the first female prfessr f physics in the histry f Clumbia University.
T get accurate results frm experiments, she wrked very hard day and night at a labratry and gained a reputatin (名声) fr accuracy. There was a saying amng physicists: If the experiment was dne by Wu, it must be crrect. She was always very careful in experiments, spending a great deal f time calibrating (校准) instruments. She didn’t start cllecting data until she fully understd the instruments. Her experiments verturned many previus experimental results and theries, said Samuel Cha Chung Ting, American physicist and Nbel Prize winner.
On Feb 16, 1997, Wu died in the US. Accrding t her will, she was buried in her hmetwn Taicang. She was a distinguished wrld citizen, and was frever a Chinese.
13．What influenced Wu Chien-shiung when she was yung?
A．Her life in America.B．Her lve fr physics.
C．Her family backgrund.D．Marie Curie’s achievements.
14．What des the authr intend t shw in paragraph 3?
A．Awards are usually gained thrugh great effrts.
B．Wu Chien-shiung was “a pineer” in many ways.
C．N scientists were better than Wu Chien-shiung.
D．We cannt stress the imprtance f physics enugh.
15．Which f the fllwing can best describe Wu Chien-shiung?
A．Caring and respnsible.B．Curageus and creative.
C．Stubbrn and sensitive.D．Cautius and hardwrking.
16．What is the text mainly abut?
A．An influential wman nuclear physicist.B．An imprtant cntributin t physics.
C．The influence f mdern educatin.D．Nuclear researches in scientific wrld.
（2023春·福建莆田·高二统考期末）Scientists say the plant enset, an Ethipian staple (主食), culd be a new superfd and a lifesaver in the face f climate change. The banana-like crp has the ptential t feed mre than 100 millin peple in a warming wrld, accrding t a new study.
Enset r “false banana”, almst unknwn utside f Ethipia, is a clse relative f the banana, but is cnsumed nly in ne part f this cuntry. The banana-like fruit f the plant is inedible, but the starchy stems (茎) and rts can be used t make prridge and bread. Research suggests the crp can be grwn ver a much larger range in Africa. “This is a crp that can play a really imprtant rle in addressing fd security and sustainable develpment,” said a university prfessr in Awasa, Ethipia.
Using agricultural surveys and mdelling wrk, scientists predicted the ptential range f enset ver the next fur decades. They fund the crp culd ptentially feed mre than 100 millin peple and bst fd security in Ethipia and ther African cuntries, including Kenya, Uganda and Rwanda.
Study researcher Dr James Brrell, f the Ryal Btanic Gardens, Kew, said planting enset, as an alternative fr lean times, culd help bst fd security. “It’s gt sme really unusual features that make it abslutely unique as a crp,” he said. “Yu plant it at any time, yu harvest it at any time. That’s why they call it the tree against hunger.”
There is grwing interest in seeking new plants t feed the wrld, given ur reliance n a few staple crps. Nearly half f all the calries we eat cme frm three species — rice, wheat, and maize. “We need t diversify the plants we use glbally as a species because all ur eggs are in a very small basket at the mment,” said Dr Brrell.
17．What des the underlined wrd “inedible” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Nt secure enugh.B．Nt diverse enugh.
C．Nt fit t be planted.D．Nt suitable t be eaten.
18．What d we knw abut Ethipia’s enset frm the text?
A．It is a special species f banana.
B．It can help with slving fd shrtage.
C．It has fed mre than 100 millin peple.
D．It can be grwn at anytime and anywhere.
19．What is Dr Brrell’s attitude twards seeking new staple plants?
A．Negative.B．Objective.C．Apprving.D．Dubtful.
20．What is the main purpse f the text?
A．T prvide a slutin t fd prblems.
B．T advertise a unique banana-like staple.
C．T recmmend a magic crp against hunger.
D．T intrduce a wnder crp fr climate change.
（2022春·湖南·高二校联考竞赛）When drawing scientists. U. S. children nw depict (描画) female scientists mre ften than ever, accrding t new Nrthwestern University research, which has analyzed five decades f “Draw-A-Scientist” studies cnducted since the 1960s.
This change suggests that children’s steretypes (刻板印象) linking science with men have weakened ver time, said the researchers, cnsistent with mre wmen becming scientists and children’s media depicting mre female scientists n televisin shws and ther media.
In the first study, cnducted between 1968 and 1979, less than ne percent f 5,000 children drew an image resembling a wman when asked t draw a scientist. Almst all their artwrk depicted men wrking with labratry equipment, ften with lab cats, glasses and facial hair.
But in later studies (1988 t 2019), 28 percent f children drew a female scientist, n average. In additin, bth girls and bys drew female scientists mre ften ver time, thugh girls verall drew female scientists much mre ften than bys.
“Our results suggest that children’s steretypes change as wmen’s and men’s rles change in sciety.” said study lead authr David Miller. “Children still draw mre male than female scientists, but that is expected because wmen remain a minrity in several science fields.”
The researchers als studied hw children frm steretypes abut scientists acrss child develpment. The results suggested children did nt assciate science with men until grade schl; arund age 5, they drew rughly equal percentages f male and female scientists. During elementary and middle schl, the tendency t draw male scientists increased strngly with age. Older children were als mre likely t draw scientists with lab cats and glasses, suggesting that children learn ther steretypes as they mature.
“These changes acrss children’s age likely reflect that children’s expsure t male scientists accumulates during develpment, even in recent years.” said Miller.
“T build n cultural changes, teachers and parents shuld present children with multiple examples f female scientists acrss many cntexts such as science curses, televisin shws and infrmal cnversatins,” Miller said.
21．What is the change in children drawing scientists?
A．Children draw mre male scientists.
B．Children draw mre female scientists.
C．Girls draw mre scientists than bys.
D．Children draw mre female than male scientists.
22．What des Miller think f children drawing mre male scientists than female scientists?
A．It’s nt surprising.B．It’s nt reasnable.
C．It’s unexpected.D．It’s nt acceptable.
23．What des paragraph 6 mainly talk abut?
A．Hw children develp their drawings.
B．Hw children’s steretypes change with age.
C．Why children draw mre male scientists.
D．What scientists lk like in children’s drawings.
24．Accrding t Miller, hw can we make children draw mre female scientists?
A．By encuraging children t attend science curses.
B．By encuraging children t becme scientists in the future.
C．By giving children an example f drawing female scientists.
D．By making female scientists knwn t children in varius situatins.
（2020秋·广东广州·高二校联考期末）Befre its first planned bservatins f the universe, the Large Synptic Survey Telescpe (LSST) has received a new name. In an annuncement made at the 235th annual meeting f the American Astrnmical Sciety (AAS), fficials declared that the facility, set t achieve first light in Octber 2020, wuld be knwn as the NSF Vera C． Rubin Observatry (VRO). The change marks the first time a natinal United States Observatry has been named fr a wman.
Naming the bservatry after Rubin is an especially fitting way t hnr her wrk. Since the bservatry’s cnstructin was first put frward nearly 20 years ag, researchers have eagerly awaited the day the telescpe begins t explre the universe fr dark matter, the substance thught t hld galaxies tgether. Rubin’s pineering studies in the 1970s ffered sme f the first evidence f dark matter’s existence. She helped the wrld realize that the universe was dminated nt by visible matter, but by smething humans have nt bserved directly.
“Her discveries cnstituted (构成) ne f the mst imprtant cntributins t science in the past century, nt nly fr astrnmy, but als fr fundamental physics,” Steve Kahn, the VRO directr, said in a statement.
In additin t studying dark matter, the VRO will als study near-Earth asterids (小行星)，search fr interstellar (星际的) bjects and cntinue the nging prject t map the Milky Way.
Even as ur knwledge f the universe expands, Rubin’s name will serve as a reminder that there’s still plenty f wrk t d right here n Earth. Rubin spent her career measuring the frces f the universe she culd nt see. But her reach included a far mre visible change as well: her fight, fr gender equality in the sciences. In a letter t ne f her wn female scientific friends, Rubin nce wrte, “Frm yu we have learned. . .that it’s all right t be charming, brilliant, and t be cncerned fr thers as we make ur way in the wrld f science. A wman t can rise t great heights as an astrnmer.”
25．The pening paragraph is mainly intended t________.
A．prvide sme key facts abut the LSST
B．intrduce the main idea f the passage
C．attract the readers’ interest in the subject
D．shw great cntributin the LSST has made
26．What des the underlined wrd “dminated” mean in paragraph2?
A．Cnnected.B．Prtected.C．Reminded.D．Mastered.
27．Rubin’s achievement includes________.
①finding the evidence f the dark matter
②realizing the dminatin f the universe
③making cntributins t astrnmy and physics
④searching fr stars in the Milky Way
A．①②④B．②③④C．①②③D．①③④
28．Which f the fllwing wuld Rubin prbably NOT agree with?
A．There is still lts f wrk t d with the space.
B．Wmen shuld cncern mre abut thers than themselves.
C．Wmen can be a great astrnmer as well.
D．Wmen need t care abut appearance.
（2022秋·云南·高二云南民族大学附属中学校考阶段练习）What wuld life be like if yu were a rcker, a sccer player, a prfessr at Stanfrd University, and a Nbel Prize winner? Carlyn Bertzzi frm the US lives such a cl life!
Bertzzi, 56, shares this year’s Nbel Prize in chemistry with Barry Sharpless (US) and Mrten Meldal (Denmark). She became this year’s nly wman winner in science and the eighth wman t receive the chemistry prize in histry.
Bertzzi wn the prize fr studying the sugar cats f cells. She has fund a smart way t cnnect cells by cnnecting their sugar cats. The cells then have a green clr s that scientists can see clearly where they are and hw they mve. Accrding t the University f Califrnia, Berkeley, this finding “ffered a springbard (跳板) fr a wide range f applicatins”, such as develping better tests fr infectius diseases and new treatments fr cancer.
Despite her great achievements, Bertzzi said she was nt very interested in chemistry until her secnd year at Harvard University. “The prfessrs intentinally made the class very difficult,” she tld Chemistry Wrld magazine. “My classmates cmplained a lt, but it matched my brain.”
Apart frm ding science studies, Bertzzi has lived a clrful life. She was a keybarder in a rck band. “I even used t think abut majring in music,” she said. She als played sccer, and wn an athletic schlarship frm Harvard.
As a female scientist, Bertzzi tries t prmte gender equality. “In the late 1980s, maybe 10 percent f the students were female,” she tld news magazine Chemical & Engineering News. “There were maybe ne r tw wmen in a lab, s we tried t supprt each ther by starting a mnthly get-tgether fr all the wmen students in the department.” In 2022, Bertzzi wn an award frm the American Assciatin fr the Advancement f Science fr her wrk t increase diversity in science.
29．Why did Bertzzi win this year’s Nbel Prize?
A．Because she invented a new treatment fr cancer.
B．Because she fund a new type f cells with a green clr.
C．Because she is the eighth female prfessr at Stanfrd University.
D．Because she fund a way t link cells and make them clearer t see.
30．Hw might Bertzzi describe her chemistry class in her secnd year at Harvard University?
A．Interesting and nt t hard.B．Bring and simple.
C．Difficult and bring.D．Useless and difficult.
31．Hw did Bertzzi prmte gender equality in the 1980s?
A．She set an award fr wmen in science.
B．She increased the number f female students by 10 percent.
C．She helped start a mnthly get-tgether fr wmen t supprt each ther.
D．She built a new lab fr girls t d varius scientific research t increase diversity.
32．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．Hw Bertzzi wrked t win a Nbel Prize.B．Nbel Prize winner’s life experience.
C．What female scientists are gd at.D．The develpment f wmen’s rights.
参考答案：
1．C 2．D 3．B 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。斯特里克兰德教授是2018年诺贝尔物理学奖的获得者之一，她是第三个获得诺贝尔物理学奖的女性。
1．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Prfessr Strickland fund a pineering way t use lasers as very precise drilling r cutting tls.(斯特里克兰教授发现了一种开创性的方法，使用激光作为非常精确的钻孔或切割工具)”可知，获得诺贝尔奖说明是具有创新性的发明。故划线词意思是“创新的”。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Prfessr Strickland devised a way t use lasers as very precise drilling r cutting tls.(斯特里克兰德教授发明了一种利用激光作为非常精确的钻孔或切割工具的方法)”可知，她发明了一种利用激光作为精确切割工具的方法。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Prfessr Strickland is ne f the recipients (接受者) f the Nbel Prize in Physics 2018 with Gerard Muru, her PhD teacher at the time.(斯特里克兰德教授是2018年诺贝尔物理学奖的获得者之一，当时她的博士导师杰拉德·穆鲁也在该奖之列)”可知，斯特里克兰德教授是2018年诺贝尔物理学奖；结合第四段中“that why shuld it take 60 years?(那为什么要花60年？)”和最后一段中“The last wman t win the Nbel Prize in Physics was German-brn Maria Geppert Mayer fr her discveries abut the nuclei f atms. Befre that it was Marie Curie, wh shared the 1903 prize with her husband, Pierre.( 上一位获得诺贝尔物理学奖的女性是德国出生的玛丽亚·戈珀特·梅耶，她发现了原子核。在此之前是居里夫人，她和丈夫皮埃尔分享了1903年的诺贝尔奖)”由此推知，第二个诺贝尔物理学奖是在1958年授予女性的。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Physics still has ne f the largest gender gaps in science. One recent study cncluded that at the current rates it wuld be mre than tw centuries until there were equal numbers f senir male and female researchers in the field.(物理学仍然是科学界性别差距最大的领域之一。最近的一项研究得出结论，按照目前的速度，这一领域的高级男女研究人员人数相等将需要两个多世纪)”可知，性别歧视在科学研究领域仍然存在。故选D。
5．C 6．D 7．A 8．A
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了美国洛杉矶的农作物交换共享计划的推行和发展情况，以及人们对此的想法。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Hargins started grwing fd at hme because he wanted mre nutritius ptins fr his family. (Hargins开始在家里种植食物，因为他想为家人提供更多有营养的选择。)”可知，Hargins开始在后院种植食物是因为他想为家人提供健康的食物。故选C项。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段中“A 2016 Delitte study identified a shift in the pririties shppers said helped determine their chices, with scial impact values including lcal surcing and sustainability (可持续性) nw ranking alngside traditinal drivers like “taste” and “price”. (2016年德勤的一项研究发现，购物者认为有助于决定他们选择的优先事项发生了变化，包括当地采购和可持续性在内的社会影响价值现在与“口味”和“价格”等传统驱动因素并列。)”可知，现在人们购买农产品时会优先考虑当地种植、有可持续性的产品。由此可知，是否对环境友好是他们额外考虑的一个因素。故选D项。
7．推理判断题。根据第四段中“When the crps are harvested, they’ll be sld primarily in lw-incme areas. Ten percent will be dnated back t the neighbrhd where they were grwn and then an additinal percentage will be sld in higher-incme areas. Sme funds made are given back t the landwner, which Hargins expects will amunt t abut $5,000 annually. (当作物收获后，它们将主要在低收入地区出售。10%将捐赠给种植它们的社区，然后额外的百分比将出售给高收入地区。一些资金会返还给土地所有者，Hargins预计这笔资金每年将达到5000美元左右。)”可知，该庭院共享计划会把收获的10%的作物捐给种植的社区，并返还一些资金。由此可知，它给土地所有者带来食物和利润。故选A项。
8．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“And he’s excited t meet mre neighbrs. (他很高兴能见到更多的邻居。)”和最后一段中Creer所说的话“I’m glad that we are creating a cmmunity using crps as the means f cnnectin (我很高兴我们正在创建一个以农作物作为联系手段的社区)”可知，通过该计划，Creer有机会与更多邻居相处，他感受到一种更强烈的联系感。故选A项。
9．C 10．B 11．A 12．D
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了吴明珠院士在不同品种的瓜的培育工作中做出的贡献。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段“And she thught the mst beautiful thing in life is that everything yu create can serve the peple, s she made effrts t grw quality melns, which began paying ff in 1973. (她认为生活中最美好的事情是你创造的一切都能为人民服务，所以她努力种植优质的瓜，并于1973年开始获得回报)”可知，吴明珠院士培育高端的瓜是因为她想创造出一些能为人民服务的东西。故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段“Wu and her team develped new germ-plasm (种质) resurces , frm which they cultivated mre than 30 watermeln and muskmeln (香瓜) varieties with better adaptability and strnger disease resistance (吴和她的团队开发了新的种质资源，从中培育了30多个适应性更好、抗病性更强的西瓜和香瓜品种)”可知，吴明珠院士和她的团队成员利用新的种质资源，培育出高质量的甜瓜。故选B。
11．细节理解题。 根据第三段“She is ne f the 8, 000 agricultural scientists wh have cme t Hainan annually frm acrss the cuntry ver the past 60 years and have cultivated mre than 20, 000 f China’s new seed varieties thrugh ff-seasn breeding. (她是过去60年来每年从全国各地来到海南的8000名农业科学家之一，通过淡季育种培育了两万多个中国新型种子品种)”可知，超过两万个种新型种子是由8000名农业科学家培育出来的，A项“She has cultivated mre than 20 ,000 f China’s new seed varieties. (她培育了2万多个中国新种子品种)”表述错误。故选A。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段“In 2018, China became the largest prducer and cnsumer f the fruit in the wrld. Ninety-tw-year-ld Wu Mingzhu, a native f Wuhan, is the unknwn her wh has helped make this pssible. (2018年，中国成为世界上最大的水果生产国和消费国。92岁的吴明珠，武汉本地人，是帮助实现这一目标的默默无闻的英雄)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了吴明珠院士在不同品种的瓜的培育工作中做出的贡献，及其取得的成就，推测文章是一篇介绍名人事迹的新闻报道。故选D。
13．C 14．B 15．D 16．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了最有影响力的人之一：20世纪的女性核物理学家吴健雄的生平事迹。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Wu’s father, Wu Zhngyi, funded the first schl fr girls in Taicang, aiming t break the ld idea that it was wmen’s virtue t have n talents, which had the greatest influence n Wu Chien-shiung’s life.(吴健雄的父亲吴忠义在太仓创办了第一所女子学校，旨在打破“女子无才为德”的旧观念，这对吴建雄的一生影响最大)”可知，吴健雄的家庭背景对她有深远的影响。故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段中“During her 44-year career as a nuclear physicist, Wu’s pineering achievements wn her nicknames such as “Chinese Madame Curie”, “queen f nuclear research” and “first lady f physics”. She was the first wman t be president f American Physical Sciety, the first female winner f the Cmstck Prize in physics given by the US Natinal Academy f Sciences, the first persn t receive the Wlf Prize in physics, the first hnrary dctrate awarded by Princetn University t a wman, and the first female prfessr f physics in the histry f Clumbia University.(在她44年的核物理学家生涯中，吴的开创性成就为她赢得了“中国居里夫人”、“核研究女王”和“物理学第一夫人”等称号。她是第一位担任美国物理学会会长的女性，第一位获得美国国家科学院颁发的科姆斯托克物理学奖的女性，第一位获得沃尔夫物理学奖的人，第一位获得普林斯顿大学授予女性荣誉博士学位的人，也是哥伦比亚大学历史上第一位女物理学教授)”可知，作者通过本段旨在说明吴健雄在许多方面都是“先锋”。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据第四段中“T get accurate results frm experiments, she wrked very hard day and night at a labratry and gained a reputatin (名声) fr accuracy.(为了得到准确的实验结果，她在实验室里夜以继日地努力工作，并以准确著称)”可知，吴健雄是一个勤奋的人；再根据“She was always very careful in experiments, spending a great deal f time calibrating (校准) instruments. She didn’t start cllecting data until she fully understd the instruments.(她做实验总是很细心，花很多时间校准仪器)”可知，她是一个谨慎小心的人。综上，吴健雄是一个勤奋且谨慎的人。故选D。
16．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Cmpared with physicists such as Marie Curie r Richard Feynman, Wu Chien-shiung is nt a husehld name in China but she was ne f the mst influential nuclear physicists f the 20th century, ne that “cmpletely” changed human’s view f the universe.(与玛丽·居里或理查德·费曼等物理学家相比，吴健雄在中国并不家喻户晓，但她是20世纪最具影响力的核物理学家之一，她“彻底”改变了人类对宇宙的看法)”以及通读整篇文章可知，本文讲述的是最有影响力的人之一：20世纪的女性核物理学家吴健雄的生平事迹。故选A。
17．D 18．B 19．C 20．D
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了埃塞俄比亚的的一种可以帮助应对气候变化的神奇作物——enset，该作物的茎和根富含淀粉，有可能养活超过1亿人。
17．词句猜测题。根据第二段“The banana-like fruit f the plant is inedible, but the starchy stems and rts can be fermented and used t make prridge and bread. (这种植物的香蕉状果实是inedible，但富含淀粉的茎和根可以发酵并用来制作粥和面包。)”可知，这种植物的茎和根部可被食用，连接词but表示转折关系，推测划线单词表示“不宜食用的”，即nt suitable t be eaten。故选D项。
18．细节理解题。根据第三段“They fund the crp culd ptentially feed mre than 100 millin peple and bst fd security in Ethipia and ther African cuntries, including Kenya, Uganda and Rwanda. (他们发现，这种作物有可能养活一亿多人，并提高埃塞俄比亚和其他包括肯尼亚、乌干达和卢旺达在内的非洲国家的粮食保障。)”可知，enset可以提高非洲国家的粮食保障，在解决粮食短缺方面发挥重要作用。故选B项。
19．推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘We need t diversify the plants we use glbally as a species because all ur eggs are in a very small basket at the mment,’ said Dr Brrell. (博雷尔博士说：‘我们作为一个物种，需要在全球范围内让植物更多样化，因为目前我们所有的鸡蛋都放在一个非常小的篮子里。’)”可知，博雷尔博士认为需要使我们使用的植物多样化，所以对于寻找新的主食植物持有支持态度。故选C项。
20．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Scientists say the plant enset, an Ethipian staple, culd be a new superfd and a lifesaver in the face f climate change. (科学家说，埃塞俄比亚的主要作物enset或将成为一种新的‘超级食物’，一种可以应对气候变化的救星。)”可知，本文的主要目的是介绍一种可以帮助应对气候变化的神奇作物——enset。故选D项。
21．B 22．A 23．B 24．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，当孩子们画科学家的时候，美国儿童现在比以往任何时候都更经常描绘女科学家。这种转变说明了儿童将科学与男性联系在一起的刻板印象已经减弱。
21．细节理解题。根据首段首句“When drawing scientists. U. S. children nw depict (描画) female scientists mre ften than ever, accrding t new Nrthwestern University research, which has analyzed five decades f “Draw-A-Scientist” studies cnducted since the 1960s. (美国西北大学的一项新研究分析了自20世纪60年代以来50年来进行的“画一个科学家”研究，结果显示，当画科学家的时候，美国儿童现在比以往任何时候都更经常描绘女科学家。)”可知，孩子们会画更多的女性科学家。故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据第五段末句“ “Children still draw mre male than female scientists, but that is expected because wmen remain a minrity in several science fields.” (“与女科学家相比，儿童仍然画更多的男性科学家，但这是意料之中的，因为女性在一些科学领域仍然是少数。”)”可知，米勒认为孩子们画的男科学家比女科学家多是意料之中的事。故选A。
23．段落大意题。根据第六段首句“The researchers als studied hw children frm steretypes abut scientists acrss child develpment. (研究人员还研究了儿童在整个发展过程中如何形成对科学家的刻板印象。)”可知，本段主要讲述了随着儿童的成长，他们对科学家的刻板印象的如何形成的。故选B。
24．推理判断题。根据末段““T build n cultural changes, teachers and parents shuld present children with multiple examples f female scientists acrss many cntexts such as science curses, televisin shws and infrmal cnversatins,” Miller said. (米勒说：“为了促进文化变革，教师和家长应该在科学课程、电视节目和非正式谈话等多种背景下向孩子们展示女科学家的多个例子。”)”可知，米勒建议通过让孩子们在各种情况下认识女科学家的方法让孩子们画更多女科学家。故选D。
25．B 26．D 27．C 28．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了美国天文学会将大型天气巡天望远镜重新命名为美国国家科学基金会维拉·C·鲁宾天文台，标志着美国国家天文台首次以女性命名。
25．推理判断题。根据第一段“In an annuncement made at the 235th annual meeting f the American Astrnmical Sciety (AAS) , fficials declared that the facility, set t achieve first light in Octber 2020, wuld be knwn as the NSF Vera C. Rubin Observatry (VRO).(在美国天文学会第235届年会上发布的一份公告中，官员们宣布，该设施将被称为美国国家科学基金会维拉·C·鲁宾天文台，将于2020年10月实现首次亮相。)”、第二段“Naming the bservatry after Rubin is an especially fitting way t hnr her wrk.(以鲁宾的名字命名天文台是纪念她的工作的一种特别合适的方式)”以及第三段“Her discveries cnstituted (构成) ne f the mst imprtant cntributins t science in the past century, nt nly fr astrnmy, but als fr fundamental physics(她的发现是上个世纪对科学最重要的贡献之一，不仅对天文学，而且对基础物理学都是如此)”可知第一段提出了美国国家天文台首次以女性命名这一话题，后面段落对这一话题进行了解释、说明，由此可推理出第一段意在介绍文章大意，故选B项。
26．词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词上文“Since the bservatry’s cnstructin was first put frward nearly 20 years ag, researchers have eagerly awaited the day the telescpe begins t explre the universe fr dark matter, the substance thught t hld galaxies tgether. Rubin’s pineering studies in the 1970s ffered sme f the first evidence f dark matter’s existence. She helped the wrld realize that the universe was dminated nt by visible matter, but by smething humans have nt bserved directly.(自近20年前首次提出建造该天文台以来，研究人员一直热切期待着该望远镜开始探索宇宙中暗物质的那一天，暗物质被认为是将星系连接在一起的物质。鲁宾在20世纪70年代的开创性研究提供了暗物质存在的一些初步证据。她帮助世界认识到，宇宙不是由可见物质dminated，而是由人类尚未直接观察到的东西dminated)”可知，研究人员认为暗物质是将星系连接在一起的物质，宇宙由人类尚未直接观察到的东西主导，可得出宇宙不是由可见物质主导的，可推理出划线词的含义为“控制”，故选D项。
27．细节理解题。根据第二段“Rubin’s pineering studies in the 1970s ffered sme f the first evidence f dark matter’s existence. She helped the wrld realize that the universe was dminated nt by visible matter, but by smething humans have nt bserved directly.(鲁宾在20世纪70年代的开创性研究提供了暗物质存在的一些初步证据。她帮助世界认识到，宇宙不是由可见物质主导的，而是由人类尚未直接观察到的东西主导的)” 以及第三段“Her discveries cnstituted (构成) ne f the mst imprtant cntributins t science in the past century, nt nly fr astrnmy, but als fr fundamental physics(她的发现是上个世纪对科学最重要的贡献之一，不仅对天文学，而且对基础物理学都是如此)”可知，Rubin测成就包括：找到了暗物质的证据；发现宇宙是由什么控制的；对天文学和物理学做出贡献，故选C项。
28．细节理解题。根据最后一段“it’s all right t be charming, brilliant, and t be cncerned fr thers as we make ur way in the wrld f science. A wman t can rise t great heights as an astrnmer.(当我们在科学世界中前进时，魅力四射、才华横溢、关心他人这都是很正常的，但是作为一个天文学家，一个女人也能攀上高峰)”可知，在Rubin看来，她更加重视攀登科学的高峰，因此B项“Wmen shuld cncern mre abut thers than themselves(女性应该更多地关心他人而不是自己)”符合题意，故选B项。
29．D 30．A 31．C 32．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了来自美国的诺贝尔奖获得者卡罗琳·贝尔托齐丰富的生活经历。
29．细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“Bertzzi wn the prize fr studying the sugar cats f cells. She has fund a smart way t cnnect cells by cnnecting their sugar cats. The cells then have a green clr s that scientists can see clearly where they are and hw they mve.”（贝尔托齐因研究细胞的糖衣而获奖。她发现了一种通过连接细胞的糖衣来连接细胞的聪明方法。然后这些细胞呈绿色，这样科学家就可以清楚地看到它们在哪里以及它们是如何移动的。）可知，贝尔托齐发现了一种通过连接细胞的糖衣来连接细胞的聪明方法，这样科学家就可以清楚地看到细胞在哪里以及它们是如何移动的，因此获奖，由此可知，贝尔托齐获得今年的诺贝尔奖，因为她找到了一种连接细胞的方法，使它们看起来更清晰。故选D项。
30．推理判断题。根据第四段内容“Despite her great achievements, Bertzzi said she was nt very interested in chemistry until her secnd year at Harvard University. “The prfessrs intentinally made the class very difficult,” she tld Chemistry Wrld magazine. “My classmates cmplained a lt, but it matched my brain.””（尽管她取得了巨大的成就，贝尔托齐说她直到哈佛大学二年级才对化学感兴趣。她在接受《化学世界》杂志采访时表示：“教授们故意让这门课变得很难。”“我的同学们抱怨很多，但这和我的大脑很吻合。”）可知，贝尔托齐在大学二年级开始对化学感兴趣，并且认为化学并不难，和她的大脑很吻合，由此可知，贝尔托齐认为她在哈佛大学二年级的化学课有趣而且不太难。故选A项。
31．细节理解题。根据最后一段关键句“As a female scientist, Bertzzi tries t prmte gender equality. “In the late 1980s, maybe 10 percent f the students were female,” she tld news magazine Chemical & Engineering News. “There were maybe ne r tw wmen in a lab, s we tried t supprt each ther by starting a mnthly get-tgether fr all the wmen students in the department.””（作为一名女科学家，贝尔托齐努力促进性别平等。“在20世纪80年代末，可能有10%的学生是女性，”她告诉新闻杂志《化学与工程新闻》。“实验室里可能有一两名女性，所以我们试图通过每月为系里所有的女学生举办一次聚会来相互支持。”）可知，贝尔托齐通过每月为系里所有的女学生举办一次聚会来相互支持，用这种方法促进性别平等，由此可知，为了促进性别平等，贝尔托齐在20世纪80年代帮助女性们每月举行一次聚会，互相支持。故选C项。
32．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段内容“What wuld life be like if yu were a rcker, a sccer player, a prfessr at Stanfrd University, and a Nbel Prize winner? Carlyn Bertzzi frm the US lives such a cl life!”（如果你是摇滚歌手、足球运动员、斯坦福大学教授和诺贝尔奖获得者，生活会是什么样子？来自美国的卡罗琳·贝尔托齐过着如此酷的生活！）可知，本文主要介绍了来自美国的诺贝尔奖获得者卡罗琳·贝尔托齐丰富的生活经历，由此可知，本文主要介绍了诺贝尔奖获得者的人生经历。故选B项。
Prfessr Dnna Strickland is nly the third wman ever t have wn the Nbel Prize in Physics. She and her fellw winners were hnred fr what the Nbel Cmmittee called grundbreaking inventins in laser physics. Prfessr Strickland fund a pineering way t use lasers as very precise drilling r cutting tls. Millins f eye peratins are perfrmed every year with these sharpest laser beams.
“Hw surprising d yu think it is that yu’re the third wman t win this prize?”
“Well that is surprising, isn’t it? I think that’s the stry f Maria that peple want t talk abut —that why shuld it take 60 years? There are s many wmen ut there ding fantastic research, s why des it take s lng t get recgnized?”
Physics still has ne f the largest gender(性别) gaps in science. One recent study cncluded that at the current rate it wuld be mre than tw centuries until there were, equal numbers f senir male and female researchers in the field.
The last wman t win the Nbel Prize in Physics was German-brn Maria Geppert Mayer fr her discveries abut the nuclei f atms. Befre that it was Marie Curie, wh shared the 1903 prize with her husband, Pierre. This year winners hpe that breaking this half century hiatus (间断) will mean the fcus in the future will be n the research, rather than the gender f the researcher.
1．Which f the fllwing best explains the underlined wrd “grundbreaking” in Paragraph 2?
A．breathtakingB．amazingC．innvativeD．interesting
2．What d we knw abut Prfessr Strickland’s achievement?
A．She created the mst intense laser pulses by herself.
B．She supprted equality between man and wmen.
C．She discvered the nuclei f atms with her husband.
D．She invented a way f using lasers as cutting tls.
3．When did the secnd wman winning the Nbel Prize in Physics win the hnr?
A．In 1903.B．In 1958.C．In 1963.D．In 1985.
4．What can be inferred frm the statements in Paragraph 4?
A．Wmen’s achievements in physics areas great as men’.
B．Wmen’s achievements in physics are mre and mre fantastic.
C．Maria’s discveries resulted frm her lngtime research.
D．Gender inequality still exists in the field f science research.
（2023春·河南开封·高二统考期末）It’s 9:30 A．M. in Ls Angeles. Jamiah Hargins pulls a few shrt, green-leafed plants ut f the grund in his West Adams backyard, revealing the peanuts (花生). He pens ne and gives it a taste.
Hargins started grwing fd at hme because he wanted mre nutritius ptins fr his family. He sn fund that he grew mre than they culd eat, s he turned t scial media t start a “crp swap (交换)” with neighbrs wh were dealing with a similar situatin. Launched in 2018, Crp Swap LA has since mved twards a mre expansive yard-sharing mdel.
Hargins’ attempt at urban farming was als driven by bigger cncerns. A 2016 Delitte study identified a shift in the pririties shppers said helped determine their chices, with scial impact values including lcal surcing and sustainability (可持续性) nw ranking alngside traditinal drivers like “taste” and “price”.
Crp Swap LA has branched int farmer’s markets, wrkshps fr kids, and ther cmmunity-fcused fferings. It encurages hmewners t “share” their yards with the Crp Swap LA team, which will plant crps. When the crps are harvested, they’ll be sld primarily in lw-incme areas. Ten percent will be dnated back t the neighbrhd where they were grwn and then an additinal percentage will be sld in higher-incme areas. Sme funds made are given back t the landwner, which Hargins expects will amunt t abut $5,000 annually.
This summer, Crp Swap LA received $50,000 frm the LA 2050 Grant Challenge, which was used t change their first seven gardens, One hmewner, Mychal Creer, is a Ls Angeles native wh said he has always wanted t grw fd but never real gt the ball rlling. He’s excited t watch his land transfrm. And he’s excited t meet mre neighbrs.
“I’m glad that we are creating a cmmunity using crps as the means f cnnectin,” Creer said.
5．Why did Hargins start grwing fd in his backyard?
A．He fllwed the example f his neighbrs.
B．He hped t make a prfit by selling the fd.
C．He wanted t prvide healthy fd fr his family.
D．He learned abut the benefits f hme-grwn fd n scial media.
6．What is an extra cnsideratin abut the prduce when peple g shpping nw?
A．Whether it is grwn thrugh mdern farming methd.
B．Whether it is ppular amng lcal cnsumer.
C．Whether it is grwn by prfessinal farmer.
D．Whether it is friendly t the envirnment.
7．What can we learn abut Crp Swap LA’s yard-sharing prgram?
A．It brings fd and prfit t the landwner.
B．It mainly attracts peple frm lw-incme areas.
C．It will help the grwers make up t $5,000 every year.
D．It dnates ten percent f the fd t lw-incme families.
8．Hw des Creer benefit frm Crp Swap LA’s prgram?
A．He feels a strnger sense f cnnectin.
B．He has made $50,000 frm the lands s far.
C．His garden has becme mre beautiful than befre.
D．He enjys greater ppularity amng his neighbrs.
（2023春·陕西咸阳·高二统考期末）In 2018, China became the largest prducer and cnsumer f the fruit in the wrld. Ninety-tw-year-ld Wu Mingzhu, a native f Wuhan, is the unknwn her wh has helped make this pssible.
“Abut 80 percent f the watermelns and sweet-melns served at peple’s dining tables every day are the result f painful effrts made by Wu and her team ver mre than 60 years,” said Zhang Wenjun, a clleague f Wu’s.
Helping thers had lng been a dream f hers. And she thught the mst beautiful thing in life is that everything yu create can serve the peple, s she made effrts t grw quality melns, which began paying ff in 1973. She is ne f the 8, 000 agricultural scientists wh have cme t Hainan annually frm acrss the cuntry ver the past 60 years and have cultivated mre than 20, 000 f China’s new seed varieties thrugh ff-seasn breeding.
Using innvative measures such as radiatin mutatin breeding, duble haplid breeding and distant hybridizatin breeding, Wu and her team develped new germ-plasm (种质) resurces, frm which they cultivated mre than 30 watermeln and muskmeln (香瓜) varieties with better adaptability and strnger disease resistance, said Yi Hngping, frmer directr f the Xinjiang Muskmeln Research Center.
The new meln varieties have been prmted t mre than 1.86 millin hectares f fields frm nrth t suth. Sme f these varieties have been prmted verseas, as far as Califrnia. Wu’s wrk has left her a number f hnrs. The “queen f melns” became an academician with the Chinese Academy f Engineering in 1999 and an hnrary citizen f Sanya in 2004.
9．Why did Wu Mingzhu mainly want t grw high-end melns?
A．Because she wanted t make China the largest prducer f melns.
B．Because China is the largest cnsumer f melns in the wrld.
C．Because she wanted t create smething that culd serve peple.
D．Because Chinese gvernment asked her t grw high quality melns.
10．What can we learn abut frm Paragraph 4?
A．Wu and her team cultivated meln varieties that culd resist every disease.
B．Wu and her team cultivated high quality melns frm the new germ-plasm resurces.
C．Wu and her team cultivated 30 watermeln varieties frm radiatin mutatin breeding.
D．Wu and her team cultivated meln varieties that culd adapt t any circumstance.
11．Which f the fllwing abut Wu Mingzhu is NOT true frm the text?
A．She has cultivated mre than 20, 000 f China’s new seed varieties.
B．She is cmmitted t her wrk and makes remarkable achievements.
C．She helps make China the largest prducer f fruit in the wrld in 2018.
D．She is awarded a number f hnrary titles due t her cntributins.
12．What is the text?
A．A diary entry.B．A bk review.
C．A schl ntice.D．A news reprt.
（2022秋·河北沧州·高二统考期中）Cmpared with physicists such as Marie Curie r Richard Feynman, Wu Chien-shiung is nt a husehld name in China but she was ne f the mst influential nuclear physicists f the 20th century, ne that “cmpletely” changed human’s view f the universe.
Wu’s father, Wu Zhngyi, funded the first schl fr girls in Taicang, aiming t break the ld idea that it was wmen’s virtue t have n talents, which had the greatest influence n Wu Chien-shiung’s life. Wrking in the scientific wrld dminated (支配) by men, she never gave up r lwered her standards even if unequally treated. After graduating frm the frmer Natinal Central University in Nanjing in 1934, Wu registered at the University f Califrnia, Berkeley at the age f 24 t cntinue her study in physics.
During her 44-year career as a nuclear physicist, Wu’s pineering achievements wn her nicknames such as “Chinese Madame Curie”, “queen f nuclear research” and “first lady f physics”. She was the first wman t be president f American Physical Sciety, the first female winner f the Cmstck Prize in physics given by the US Natinal Academy f Sciences, the first persn t receive the Wlf Prize in physics, the first hnrary dctrate awarded by Princetn University t a wman, and the first female prfessr f physics in the histry f Clumbia University.
T get accurate results frm experiments, she wrked very hard day and night at a labratry and gained a reputatin (名声) fr accuracy. There was a saying amng physicists: If the experiment was dne by Wu, it must be crrect. She was always very careful in experiments, spending a great deal f time calibrating (校准) instruments. She didn’t start cllecting data until she fully understd the instruments. Her experiments verturned many previus experimental results and theries, said Samuel Cha Chung Ting, American physicist and Nbel Prize winner.
On Feb 16, 1997, Wu died in the US. Accrding t her will, she was buried in her hmetwn Taicang. She was a distinguished wrld citizen, and was frever a Chinese.
13．What influenced Wu Chien-shiung when she was yung?
A．Her life in America.B．Her lve fr physics.
C．Her family backgrund.D．Marie Curie’s achievements.
14．What des the authr intend t shw in paragraph 3?
A．Awards are usually gained thrugh great effrts.
B．Wu Chien-shiung was “a pineer” in many ways.
C．N scientists were better than Wu Chien-shiung.
D．We cannt stress the imprtance f physics enugh.
15．Which f the fllwing can best describe Wu Chien-shiung?
A．Caring and respnsible.B．Curageus and creative.
C．Stubbrn and sensitive.D．Cautius and hardwrking.
16．What is the text mainly abut?
A．An influential wman nuclear physicist.B．An imprtant cntributin t physics.
C．The influence f mdern educatin.D．Nuclear researches in scientific wrld.
（2023春·福建莆田·高二统考期末）Scientists say the plant enset, an Ethipian staple (主食), culd be a new superfd and a lifesaver in the face f climate change. The banana-like crp has the ptential t feed mre than 100 millin peple in a warming wrld, accrding t a new study.
Enset r “false banana”, almst unknwn utside f Ethipia, is a clse relative f the banana, but is cnsumed nly in ne part f this cuntry. The banana-like fruit f the plant is inedible, but the starchy stems (茎) and rts can be used t make prridge and bread. Research suggests the crp can be grwn ver a much larger range in Africa. “This is a crp that can play a really imprtant rle in addressing fd security and sustainable develpment,” said a university prfessr in Awasa, Ethipia.
Using agricultural surveys and mdelling wrk, scientists predicted the ptential range f enset ver the next fur decades. They fund the crp culd ptentially feed mre than 100 millin peple and bst fd security in Ethipia and ther African cuntries, including Kenya, Uganda and Rwanda.
Study researcher Dr James Brrell, f the Ryal Btanic Gardens, Kew, said planting enset, as an alternative fr lean times, culd help bst fd security. “It’s gt sme really unusual features that make it abslutely unique as a crp,” he said. “Yu plant it at any time, yu harvest it at any time. That’s why they call it the tree against hunger.”
There is grwing interest in seeking new plants t feed the wrld, given ur reliance n a few staple crps. Nearly half f all the calries we eat cme frm three species — rice, wheat, and maize. “We need t diversify the plants we use glbally as a species because all ur eggs are in a very small basket at the mment,” said Dr Brrell.
17．What des the underlined wrd “inedible” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．Nt secure enugh.B．Nt diverse enugh.
C．Nt fit t be planted.D．Nt suitable t be eaten.
18．What d we knw abut Ethipia’s enset frm the text?
A．It is a special species f banana.
B．It can help with slving fd shrtage.
C．It has fed mre than 100 millin peple.
D．It can be grwn at anytime and anywhere.
19．What is Dr Brrell’s attitude twards seeking new staple plants?
A．Negative.B．Objective.C．Apprving.D．Dubtful.
20．What is the main purpse f the text?
A．T prvide a slutin t fd prblems.
B．T advertise a unique banana-like staple.
C．T recmmend a magic crp against hunger.
D．T intrduce a wnder crp fr climate change.
（2022春·湖南·高二校联考竞赛）When drawing scientists. U. S. children nw depict (描画) female scientists mre ften than ever, accrding t new Nrthwestern University research, which has analyzed five decades f “Draw-A-Scientist” studies cnducted since the 1960s.
This change suggests that children’s steretypes (刻板印象) linking science with men have weakened ver time, said the researchers, cnsistent with mre wmen becming scientists and children’s media depicting mre female scientists n televisin shws and ther media.
In the first study, cnducted between 1968 and 1979, less than ne percent f 5,000 children drew an image resembling a wman when asked t draw a scientist. Almst all their artwrk depicted men wrking with labratry equipment, ften with lab cats, glasses and facial hair.
But in later studies (1988 t 2019), 28 percent f children drew a female scientist, n average. In additin, bth girls and bys drew female scientists mre ften ver time, thugh girls verall drew female scientists much mre ften than bys.
“Our results suggest that children’s steretypes change as wmen’s and men’s rles change in sciety.” said study lead authr David Miller. “Children still draw mre male than female scientists, but that is expected because wmen remain a minrity in several science fields.”
The researchers als studied hw children frm steretypes abut scientists acrss child develpment. The results suggested children did nt assciate science with men until grade schl; arund age 5, they drew rughly equal percentages f male and female scientists. During elementary and middle schl, the tendency t draw male scientists increased strngly with age. Older children were als mre likely t draw scientists with lab cats and glasses, suggesting that children learn ther steretypes as they mature.
“These changes acrss children’s age likely reflect that children’s expsure t male scientists accumulates during develpment, even in recent years.” said Miller.
“T build n cultural changes, teachers and parents shuld present children with multiple examples f female scientists acrss many cntexts such as science curses, televisin shws and infrmal cnversatins,” Miller said.
21．What is the change in children drawing scientists?
A．Children draw mre male scientists.
B．Children draw mre female scientists.
C．Girls draw mre scientists than bys.
D．Children draw mre female than male scientists.
22．What des Miller think f children drawing mre male scientists than female scientists?
A．It’s nt surprising.B．It’s nt reasnable.
C．It’s unexpected.D．It’s nt acceptable.
23．What des paragraph 6 mainly talk abut?
A．Hw children develp their drawings.
B．Hw children’s steretypes change with age.
C．Why children draw mre male scientists.
D．What scientists lk like in children’s drawings.
24．Accrding t Miller, hw can we make children draw mre female scientists?
A．By encuraging children t attend science curses.
B．By encuraging children t becme scientists in the future.
C．By giving children an example f drawing female scientists.
D．By making female scientists knwn t children in varius situatins.
（2020秋·广东广州·高二校联考期末）Befre its first planned bservatins f the universe, the Large Synptic Survey Telescpe (LSST) has received a new name. In an annuncement made at the 235th annual meeting f the American Astrnmical Sciety (AAS), fficials declared that the facility, set t achieve first light in Octber 2020, wuld be knwn as the NSF Vera C． Rubin Observatry (VRO). The change marks the first time a natinal United States Observatry has been named fr a wman.
Naming the bservatry after Rubin is an especially fitting way t hnr her wrk. Since the bservatry’s cnstructin was first put frward nearly 20 years ag, researchers have eagerly awaited the day the telescpe begins t explre the universe fr dark matter, the substance thught t hld galaxies tgether. Rubin’s pineering studies in the 1970s ffered sme f the first evidence f dark matter’s existence. She helped the wrld realize that the universe was dminated nt by visible matter, but by smething humans have nt bserved directly.
“Her discveries cnstituted (构成) ne f the mst imprtant cntributins t science in the past century, nt nly fr astrnmy, but als fr fundamental physics,” Steve Kahn, the VRO directr, said in a statement.
In additin t studying dark matter, the VRO will als study near-Earth asterids (小行星)，search fr interstellar (星际的) bjects and cntinue the nging prject t map the Milky Way.
Even as ur knwledge f the universe expands, Rubin’s name will serve as a reminder that there’s still plenty f wrk t d right here n Earth. Rubin spent her career measuring the frces f the universe she culd nt see. But her reach included a far mre visible change as well: her fight, fr gender equality in the sciences. In a letter t ne f her wn female scientific friends, Rubin nce wrte, “Frm yu we have learned. . .that it’s all right t be charming, brilliant, and t be cncerned fr thers as we make ur way in the wrld f science. A wman t can rise t great heights as an astrnmer.”
25．The pening paragraph is mainly intended t________.
A．prvide sme key facts abut the LSST
B．intrduce the main idea f the passage
C．attract the readers’ interest in the subject
D．shw great cntributin the LSST has made
26．What des the underlined wrd “dminated” mean in paragraph2?
A．Cnnected.B．Prtected.C．Reminded.D．Mastered.
27．Rubin’s achievement includes________.
①finding the evidence f the dark matter
②realizing the dminatin f the universe
③making cntributins t astrnmy and physics
④searching fr stars in the Milky Way
A．①②④B．②③④C．①②③D．①③④
28．Which f the fllwing wuld Rubin prbably NOT agree with?
A．There is still lts f wrk t d with the space.
B．Wmen shuld cncern mre abut thers than themselves.
C．Wmen can be a great astrnmer as well.
D．Wmen need t care abut appearance.
（2022秋·云南·高二云南民族大学附属中学校考阶段练习）What wuld life be like if yu were a rcker, a sccer player, a prfessr at Stanfrd University, and a Nbel Prize winner? Carlyn Bertzzi frm the US lives such a cl life!
Bertzzi, 56, shares this year’s Nbel Prize in chemistry with Barry Sharpless (US) and Mrten Meldal (Denmark). She became this year’s nly wman winner in science and the eighth wman t receive the chemistry prize in histry.
Bertzzi wn the prize fr studying the sugar cats f cells. She has fund a smart way t cnnect cells by cnnecting their sugar cats. The cells then have a green clr s that scientists can see clearly where they are and hw they mve. Accrding t the University f Califrnia, Berkeley, this finding “ffered a springbard (跳板) fr a wide range f applicatins”, such as develping better tests fr infectius diseases and new treatments fr cancer.
Despite her great achievements, Bertzzi said she was nt very interested in chemistry until her secnd year at Harvard University. “The prfessrs intentinally made the class very difficult,” she tld Chemistry Wrld magazine. “My classmates cmplained a lt, but it matched my brain.”
Apart frm ding science studies, Bertzzi has lived a clrful life. She was a keybarder in a rck band. “I even used t think abut majring in music,” she said. She als played sccer, and wn an athletic schlarship frm Harvard.
As a female scientist, Bertzzi tries t prmte gender equality. “In the late 1980s, maybe 10 percent f the students were female,” she tld news magazine Chemical & Engineering News. “There were maybe ne r tw wmen in a lab, s we tried t supprt each ther by starting a mnthly get-tgether fr all the wmen students in the department.” In 2022, Bertzzi wn an award frm the American Assciatin fr the Advancement f Science fr her wrk t increase diversity in science.
29．Why did Bertzzi win this year’s Nbel Prize?
A．Because she invented a new treatment fr cancer.
B．Because she fund a new type f cells with a green clr.
C．Because she is the eighth female prfessr at Stanfrd University.
D．Because she fund a way t link cells and make them clearer t see.
30．Hw might Bertzzi describe her chemistry class in her secnd year at Harvard University?
A．Interesting and nt t hard.B．Bring and simple.
C．Difficult and bring.D．Useless and difficult.
31．Hw did Bertzzi prmte gender equality in the 1980s?
A．She set an award fr wmen in science.
B．She increased the number f female students by 10 percent.
C．She helped start a mnthly get-tgether fr wmen t supprt each ther.
D．She built a new lab fr girls t d varius scientific research t increase diversity.
32．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．Hw Bertzzi wrked t win a Nbel Prize.B．Nbel Prize winner’s life experience.
C．What female scientists are gd at.D．The develpment f wmen’s rights.
参考答案：
1．C 2．D 3．B 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。斯特里克兰德教授是2018年诺贝尔物理学奖的获得者之一，她是第三个获得诺贝尔物理学奖的女性。
1．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Prfessr Strickland fund a pineering way t use lasers as very precise drilling r cutting tls.(斯特里克兰教授发现了一种开创性的方法，使用激光作为非常精确的钻孔或切割工具)”可知，获得诺贝尔奖说明是具有创新性的发明。故划线词意思是“创新的”。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Prfessr Strickland devised a way t use lasers as very precise drilling r cutting tls.(斯特里克兰德教授发明了一种利用激光作为非常精确的钻孔或切割工具的方法)”可知，她发明了一种利用激光作为精确切割工具的方法。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Prfessr Strickland is ne f the recipients (接受者) f the Nbel Prize in Physics 2018 with Gerard Muru, her PhD teacher at the time.(斯特里克兰德教授是2018年诺贝尔物理学奖的获得者之一，当时她的博士导师杰拉德·穆鲁也在该奖之列)”可知，斯特里克兰德教授是2018年诺贝尔物理学奖；结合第四段中“that why shuld it take 60 years?(那为什么要花60年？)”和最后一段中“The last wman t win the Nbel Prize in Physics was German-brn Maria Geppert Mayer fr her discveries abut the nuclei f atms. Befre that it was Marie Curie, wh shared the 1903 prize with her husband, Pierre.( 上一位获得诺贝尔物理学奖的女性是德国出生的玛丽亚·戈珀特·梅耶，她发现了原子核。在此之前是居里夫人，她和丈夫皮埃尔分享了1903年的诺贝尔奖)”由此推知，第二个诺贝尔物理学奖是在1958年授予女性的。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Physics still has ne f the largest gender gaps in science. One recent study cncluded that at the current rates it wuld be mre than tw centuries until there were equal numbers f senir male and female researchers in the field.(物理学仍然是科学界性别差距最大的领域之一。最近的一项研究得出结论，按照目前的速度，这一领域的高级男女研究人员人数相等将需要两个多世纪)”可知，性别歧视在科学研究领域仍然存在。故选D。
5．C 6．D 7．A 8．A
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了美国洛杉矶的农作物交换共享计划的推行和发展情况，以及人们对此的想法。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Hargins started grwing fd at hme because he wanted mre nutritius ptins fr his family. (Hargins开始在家里种植食物，因为他想为家人提供更多有营养的选择。)”可知，Hargins开始在后院种植食物是因为他想为家人提供健康的食物。故选C项。
6．推理判断题。根据第三段中“A 2016 Delitte study identified a shift in the pririties shppers said helped determine their chices, with scial impact values including lcal surcing and sustainability (可持续性) nw ranking alngside traditinal drivers like “taste” and “price”. (2016年德勤的一项研究发现，购物者认为有助于决定他们选择的优先事项发生了变化，包括当地采购和可持续性在内的社会影响价值现在与“口味”和“价格”等传统驱动因素并列。)”可知，现在人们购买农产品时会优先考虑当地种植、有可持续性的产品。由此可知，是否对环境友好是他们额外考虑的一个因素。故选D项。
7．推理判断题。根据第四段中“When the crps are harvested, they’ll be sld primarily in lw-incme areas. Ten percent will be dnated back t the neighbrhd where they were grwn and then an additinal percentage will be sld in higher-incme areas. Sme funds made are given back t the landwner, which Hargins expects will amunt t abut $5,000 annually. (当作物收获后，它们将主要在低收入地区出售。10%将捐赠给种植它们的社区，然后额外的百分比将出售给高收入地区。一些资金会返还给土地所有者，Hargins预计这笔资金每年将达到5000美元左右。)”可知，该庭院共享计划会把收获的10%的作物捐给种植的社区，并返还一些资金。由此可知，它给土地所有者带来食物和利润。故选A项。
8．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“And he’s excited t meet mre neighbrs. (他很高兴能见到更多的邻居。)”和最后一段中Creer所说的话“I’m glad that we are creating a cmmunity using crps as the means f cnnectin (我很高兴我们正在创建一个以农作物作为联系手段的社区)”可知，通过该计划，Creer有机会与更多邻居相处，他感受到一种更强烈的联系感。故选A项。
9．C 10．B 11．A 12．D
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了吴明珠院士在不同品种的瓜的培育工作中做出的贡献。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段“And she thught the mst beautiful thing in life is that everything yu create can serve the peple, s she made effrts t grw quality melns, which began paying ff in 1973. (她认为生活中最美好的事情是你创造的一切都能为人民服务，所以她努力种植优质的瓜，并于1973年开始获得回报)”可知，吴明珠院士培育高端的瓜是因为她想创造出一些能为人民服务的东西。故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段“Wu and her team develped new germ-plasm (种质) resurces , frm which they cultivated mre than 30 watermeln and muskmeln (香瓜) varieties with better adaptability and strnger disease resistance (吴和她的团队开发了新的种质资源，从中培育了30多个适应性更好、抗病性更强的西瓜和香瓜品种)”可知，吴明珠院士和她的团队成员利用新的种质资源，培育出高质量的甜瓜。故选B。
11．细节理解题。 根据第三段“She is ne f the 8, 000 agricultural scientists wh have cme t Hainan annually frm acrss the cuntry ver the past 60 years and have cultivated mre than 20, 000 f China’s new seed varieties thrugh ff-seasn breeding. (她是过去60年来每年从全国各地来到海南的8000名农业科学家之一，通过淡季育种培育了两万多个中国新型种子品种)”可知，超过两万个种新型种子是由8000名农业科学家培育出来的，A项“She has cultivated mre than 20 ,000 f China’s new seed varieties. (她培育了2万多个中国新种子品种)”表述错误。故选A。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段“In 2018, China became the largest prducer and cnsumer f the fruit in the wrld. Ninety-tw-year-ld Wu Mingzhu, a native f Wuhan, is the unknwn her wh has helped make this pssible. (2018年，中国成为世界上最大的水果生产国和消费国。92岁的吴明珠，武汉本地人，是帮助实现这一目标的默默无闻的英雄)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了吴明珠院士在不同品种的瓜的培育工作中做出的贡献，及其取得的成就，推测文章是一篇介绍名人事迹的新闻报道。故选D。
13．C 14．B 15．D 16．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了最有影响力的人之一：20世纪的女性核物理学家吴健雄的生平事迹。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Wu’s father, Wu Zhngyi, funded the first schl fr girls in Taicang, aiming t break the ld idea that it was wmen’s virtue t have n talents, which had the greatest influence n Wu Chien-shiung’s life.(吴健雄的父亲吴忠义在太仓创办了第一所女子学校，旨在打破“女子无才为德”的旧观念，这对吴建雄的一生影响最大)”可知，吴健雄的家庭背景对她有深远的影响。故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段中“During her 44-year career as a nuclear physicist, Wu’s pineering achievements wn her nicknames such as “Chinese Madame Curie”, “queen f nuclear research” and “first lady f physics”. She was the first wman t be president f American Physical Sciety, the first female winner f the Cmstck Prize in physics given by the US Natinal Academy f Sciences, the first persn t receive the Wlf Prize in physics, the first hnrary dctrate awarded by Princetn University t a wman, and the first female prfessr f physics in the histry f Clumbia University.(在她44年的核物理学家生涯中，吴的开创性成就为她赢得了“中国居里夫人”、“核研究女王”和“物理学第一夫人”等称号。她是第一位担任美国物理学会会长的女性，第一位获得美国国家科学院颁发的科姆斯托克物理学奖的女性，第一位获得沃尔夫物理学奖的人，第一位获得普林斯顿大学授予女性荣誉博士学位的人，也是哥伦比亚大学历史上第一位女物理学教授)”可知，作者通过本段旨在说明吴健雄在许多方面都是“先锋”。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据第四段中“T get accurate results frm experiments, she wrked very hard day and night at a labratry and gained a reputatin (名声) fr accuracy.(为了得到准确的实验结果，她在实验室里夜以继日地努力工作，并以准确著称)”可知，吴健雄是一个勤奋的人；再根据“She was always very careful in experiments, spending a great deal f time calibrating (校准) instruments. She didn’t start cllecting data until she fully understd the instruments.(她做实验总是很细心，花很多时间校准仪器)”可知，她是一个谨慎小心的人。综上，吴健雄是一个勤奋且谨慎的人。故选D。
16．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Cmpared with physicists such as Marie Curie r Richard Feynman, Wu Chien-shiung is nt a husehld name in China but she was ne f the mst influential nuclear physicists f the 20th century, ne that “cmpletely” changed human’s view f the universe.(与玛丽·居里或理查德·费曼等物理学家相比，吴健雄在中国并不家喻户晓，但她是20世纪最具影响力的核物理学家之一，她“彻底”改变了人类对宇宙的看法)”以及通读整篇文章可知，本文讲述的是最有影响力的人之一：20世纪的女性核物理学家吴健雄的生平事迹。故选A。
17．D 18．B 19．C 20．D
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了埃塞俄比亚的的一种可以帮助应对气候变化的神奇作物——enset，该作物的茎和根富含淀粉，有可能养活超过1亿人。
17．词句猜测题。根据第二段“The banana-like fruit f the plant is inedible, but the starchy stems and rts can be fermented and used t make prridge and bread. (这种植物的香蕉状果实是inedible，但富含淀粉的茎和根可以发酵并用来制作粥和面包。)”可知，这种植物的茎和根部可被食用，连接词but表示转折关系，推测划线单词表示“不宜食用的”，即nt suitable t be eaten。故选D项。
18．细节理解题。根据第三段“They fund the crp culd ptentially feed mre than 100 millin peple and bst fd security in Ethipia and ther African cuntries, including Kenya, Uganda and Rwanda. (他们发现，这种作物有可能养活一亿多人，并提高埃塞俄比亚和其他包括肯尼亚、乌干达和卢旺达在内的非洲国家的粮食保障。)”可知，enset可以提高非洲国家的粮食保障，在解决粮食短缺方面发挥重要作用。故选B项。
19．推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘We need t diversify the plants we use glbally as a species because all ur eggs are in a very small basket at the mment,’ said Dr Brrell. (博雷尔博士说：‘我们作为一个物种，需要在全球范围内让植物更多样化，因为目前我们所有的鸡蛋都放在一个非常小的篮子里。’)”可知，博雷尔博士认为需要使我们使用的植物多样化，所以对于寻找新的主食植物持有支持态度。故选C项。
20．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Scientists say the plant enset, an Ethipian staple, culd be a new superfd and a lifesaver in the face f climate change. (科学家说，埃塞俄比亚的主要作物enset或将成为一种新的‘超级食物’，一种可以应对气候变化的救星。)”可知，本文的主要目的是介绍一种可以帮助应对气候变化的神奇作物——enset。故选D项。
21．B 22．A 23．B 24．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，当孩子们画科学家的时候，美国儿童现在比以往任何时候都更经常描绘女科学家。这种转变说明了儿童将科学与男性联系在一起的刻板印象已经减弱。
21．细节理解题。根据首段首句“When drawing scientists. U. S. children nw depict (描画) female scientists mre ften than ever, accrding t new Nrthwestern University research, which has analyzed five decades f “Draw-A-Scientist” studies cnducted since the 1960s. (美国西北大学的一项新研究分析了自20世纪60年代以来50年来进行的“画一个科学家”研究，结果显示，当画科学家的时候，美国儿童现在比以往任何时候都更经常描绘女科学家。)”可知，孩子们会画更多的女性科学家。故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据第五段末句“ “Children still draw mre male than female scientists, but that is expected because wmen remain a minrity in several science fields.” (“与女科学家相比，儿童仍然画更多的男性科学家，但这是意料之中的，因为女性在一些科学领域仍然是少数。”)”可知，米勒认为孩子们画的男科学家比女科学家多是意料之中的事。故选A。
23．段落大意题。根据第六段首句“The researchers als studied hw children frm steretypes abut scientists acrss child develpment. (研究人员还研究了儿童在整个发展过程中如何形成对科学家的刻板印象。)”可知，本段主要讲述了随着儿童的成长，他们对科学家的刻板印象的如何形成的。故选B。
24．推理判断题。根据末段““T build n cultural changes, teachers and parents shuld present children with multiple examples f female scientists acrss many cntexts such as science curses, televisin shws and infrmal cnversatins,” Miller said. (米勒说：“为了促进文化变革，教师和家长应该在科学课程、电视节目和非正式谈话等多种背景下向孩子们展示女科学家的多个例子。”)”可知，米勒建议通过让孩子们在各种情况下认识女科学家的方法让孩子们画更多女科学家。故选D。
25．B 26．D 27．C 28．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了美国天文学会将大型天气巡天望远镜重新命名为美国国家科学基金会维拉·C·鲁宾天文台，标志着美国国家天文台首次以女性命名。
25．推理判断题。根据第一段“In an annuncement made at the 235th annual meeting f the American Astrnmical Sciety (AAS) , fficials declared that the facility, set t achieve first light in Octber 2020, wuld be knwn as the NSF Vera C. Rubin Observatry (VRO).(在美国天文学会第235届年会上发布的一份公告中，官员们宣布，该设施将被称为美国国家科学基金会维拉·C·鲁宾天文台，将于2020年10月实现首次亮相。)”、第二段“Naming the bservatry after Rubin is an especially fitting way t hnr her wrk.(以鲁宾的名字命名天文台是纪念她的工作的一种特别合适的方式)”以及第三段“Her discveries cnstituted (构成) ne f the mst imprtant cntributins t science in the past century, nt nly fr astrnmy, but als fr fundamental physics(她的发现是上个世纪对科学最重要的贡献之一，不仅对天文学，而且对基础物理学都是如此)”可知第一段提出了美国国家天文台首次以女性命名这一话题，后面段落对这一话题进行了解释、说明，由此可推理出第一段意在介绍文章大意，故选B项。
26．词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词上文“Since the bservatry’s cnstructin was first put frward nearly 20 years ag, researchers have eagerly awaited the day the telescpe begins t explre the universe fr dark matter, the substance thught t hld galaxies tgether. Rubin’s pineering studies in the 1970s ffered sme f the first evidence f dark matter’s existence. She helped the wrld realize that the universe was dminated nt by visible matter, but by smething humans have nt bserved directly.(自近20年前首次提出建造该天文台以来，研究人员一直热切期待着该望远镜开始探索宇宙中暗物质的那一天，暗物质被认为是将星系连接在一起的物质。鲁宾在20世纪70年代的开创性研究提供了暗物质存在的一些初步证据。她帮助世界认识到，宇宙不是由可见物质dminated，而是由人类尚未直接观察到的东西dminated)”可知，研究人员认为暗物质是将星系连接在一起的物质，宇宙由人类尚未直接观察到的东西主导，可得出宇宙不是由可见物质主导的，可推理出划线词的含义为“控制”，故选D项。
27．细节理解题。根据第二段“Rubin’s pineering studies in the 1970s ffered sme f the first evidence f dark matter’s existence. She helped the wrld realize that the universe was dminated nt by visible matter, but by smething humans have nt bserved directly.(鲁宾在20世纪70年代的开创性研究提供了暗物质存在的一些初步证据。她帮助世界认识到，宇宙不是由可见物质主导的，而是由人类尚未直接观察到的东西主导的)” 以及第三段“Her discveries cnstituted (构成) ne f the mst imprtant cntributins t science in the past century, nt nly fr astrnmy, but als fr fundamental physics(她的发现是上个世纪对科学最重要的贡献之一，不仅对天文学，而且对基础物理学都是如此)”可知，Rubin测成就包括：找到了暗物质的证据；发现宇宙是由什么控制的；对天文学和物理学做出贡献，故选C项。
28．细节理解题。根据最后一段“it’s all right t be charming, brilliant, and t be cncerned fr thers as we make ur way in the wrld f science. A wman t can rise t great heights as an astrnmer.(当我们在科学世界中前进时，魅力四射、才华横溢、关心他人这都是很正常的，但是作为一个天文学家，一个女人也能攀上高峰)”可知，在Rubin看来，她更加重视攀登科学的高峰，因此B项“Wmen shuld cncern mre abut thers than themselves(女性应该更多地关心他人而不是自己)”符合题意，故选B项。
29．D 30．A 31．C 32．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了来自美国的诺贝尔奖获得者卡罗琳·贝尔托齐丰富的生活经历。
29．细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“Bertzzi wn the prize fr studying the sugar cats f cells. She has fund a smart way t cnnect cells by cnnecting their sugar cats. The cells then have a green clr s that scientists can see clearly where they are and hw they mve.”（贝尔托齐因研究细胞的糖衣而获奖。她发现了一种通过连接细胞的糖衣来连接细胞的聪明方法。然后这些细胞呈绿色，这样科学家就可以清楚地看到它们在哪里以及它们是如何移动的。）可知，贝尔托齐发现了一种通过连接细胞的糖衣来连接细胞的聪明方法，这样科学家就可以清楚地看到细胞在哪里以及它们是如何移动的，因此获奖，由此可知，贝尔托齐获得今年的诺贝尔奖，因为她找到了一种连接细胞的方法，使它们看起来更清晰。故选D项。
30．推理判断题。根据第四段内容“Despite her great achievements, Bertzzi said she was nt very interested in chemistry until her secnd year at Harvard University. “The prfessrs intentinally made the class very difficult,” she tld Chemistry Wrld magazine. “My classmates cmplained a lt, but it matched my brain.””（尽管她取得了巨大的成就，贝尔托齐说她直到哈佛大学二年级才对化学感兴趣。她在接受《化学世界》杂志采访时表示：“教授们故意让这门课变得很难。”“我的同学们抱怨很多，但这和我的大脑很吻合。”）可知，贝尔托齐在大学二年级开始对化学感兴趣，并且认为化学并不难，和她的大脑很吻合，由此可知，贝尔托齐认为她在哈佛大学二年级的化学课有趣而且不太难。故选A项。
31．细节理解题。根据最后一段关键句“As a female scientist, Bertzzi tries t prmte gender equality. “In the late 1980s, maybe 10 percent f the students were female,” she tld news magazine Chemical & Engineering News. “There were maybe ne r tw wmen in a lab, s we tried t supprt each ther by starting a mnthly get-tgether fr all the wmen students in the department.””（作为一名女科学家，贝尔托齐努力促进性别平等。“在20世纪80年代末，可能有10%的学生是女性，”她告诉新闻杂志《化学与工程新闻》。“实验室里可能有一两名女性，所以我们试图通过每月为系里所有的女学生举办一次聚会来相互支持。”）可知，贝尔托齐通过每月为系里所有的女学生举办一次聚会来相互支持，用这种方法促进性别平等，由此可知，为了促进性别平等，贝尔托齐在20世纪80年代帮助女性们每月举行一次聚会，互相支持。故选C项。
32．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段内容“What wuld life be like if yu were a rcker, a sccer player, a prfessr at Stanfrd University, and a Nbel Prize winner? Carlyn Bertzzi frm the US lives such a cl life!”（如果你是摇滚歌手、足球运动员、斯坦福大学教授和诺贝尔奖获得者，生活会是什么样子？来自美国的卡罗琳·贝尔托齐过着如此酷的生活！）可知，本文主要介绍了来自美国的诺贝尔奖获得者卡罗琳·贝尔托齐丰富的生活经历，由此可知，本文主要介绍了诺贝尔奖获得者的人生经历。故选B项。
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