初中英语牛津译林版八年级上册Grammar精品课时练习

第 3 课时 Grammar

【答案】一1.break2.break down

二、重要短语

1.步行去车站 walk to the bus stop=go to the bus stop on foot2.站在路边 stand on the side of the road

3.等出租车 wait for a taxi4.摔倒 fall over5.躲在树后 hide behind a tree6.朝……跑去 run towards……

三、重要句子

1.好可怕的暴风雪啊！What a terrible snowstorm!=How terrible the snowstorm is!

2.我看到你和你的父母站在路边。I saw you and your parents standing on the side of the road.

3.因为天气冷我爸爸的车出故障了。My dad's car broke down because of the cold weather.

4.你看到他时，他正在打电话请人来帮忙。He was ringing someone to come and help when you saw us.

5.今天早晨大约7点时，你在干什么?What were you doing at about seven this morning?

6.当Daniel在做大雪球时，他摔倒了。Daniel fell down when/while/as he was making a big snowball.

7.当我们在堆雪人时， Millie在拍照片。Millie was taking photos while we were building a snowman.

【语法】A. 动词与句子结构（英语中的五种基本句型）。

【一】、过去进行时结构：was/were + 动词的现在分词

否定句则在was/were后加一个not,疑问句将was/were提前则可。

如：He was reading a book at 5:00pm yesterday.

    →He was not reading a book at 5:00 yesterday.

→Was he reading a book at 5:00 yesterday?  (Yes, he was./ No, he wasn’t.)

→What was he doing at 5:00 yesterday?

【二】、过去进行时用法：

（1）过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻（时间点）正在进行的动作，常和过去的状语连用。 如：（just）then 那时，当时；at this/that time 在这/那时；at that moment=then在那时

       at 3:00 yesterday afternoon在昨天下午三点；（at）this time yesterday在昨天这个时候

         ①What were you doing at nine last night?     昨晚九点的时候，你在做什么？

         ②I was watching TV at home at 3:00 yesterday afternoon.  我昨天下午三点正在家里看电视。

       ③They were playing football at this time yesterday.昨天这个时候他们在踢足球。

（2）过去进行时也可以表示过去某一段时间内（时间段）正在进行的动作。常与those days,

the whole  morning,  from 8:00 to 12:00 last night，last night 等时间状语连用。

①From 1983 to 1998 , he was teaching at Yale . 从1983到1998年，他正在耶鲁大学教书。

②They were building a bridge last winter .   去年冬天他们正在造一座桥。

        ③He was writing a book those days.    那几天他正在写一本书。

（3）根据情境或上下文需要使用过去进行时。

          A: I saw you in the library yesterday morning. What were you doing there?

          B: I was reading a book on Diaoyu Island.

（4）过去进行时常出现在含有when和while引导的时间状语从句的复合句中.

       eg. ①I was playing computer games when my father got home.

            = When my father got home, I was playing computer games.

        ② Mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.

          = While I was doing my homework, mother was cooking.

★when和while与过去进行时有着密切的关系，他们作从属连词时都有“当…….时候”之意，用法稍有不同：

结论 ※a. when后常跟短动词（瞬间动词），有时也可跟长动词。

     while后只能接长动词（延续性动词或be动词）。

      ※b. 主句和从句两个动作都发生在过去，长动作用过去进行时，短动作用一般过去时，短动作发生在长动作进行的过程当中。

     ※C. while连接两个长动作，当两个动作一长一短时， while(when)放在长动词的前

面，when放在短动词的前面。

（5）过去进行时和一般过去时的区别。

             过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作，而一般过去时则表示一个完成的动作。也就是说用一般过去时，只表示有过这件事；用过去进行时，则强调动作的连续性。

① I wrote a letter this morning.  今天上午我写了一封信。（信写完了）

I was writing a letter this morning.  今天上午我在写一封信。（信不一定写完）

② The children watched TV yesterday evening. 

昨天晚上孩子们看了电视。（强调过去发生了这件事）

The children were watching TV yesterday evening. 

昨晚孩子们都在看电视。（强调昨晚看电视这一动作的持续性）

【语法】B. when, while, as 用法

▲1.when,while,as 意义 “当……时候”,引导时间状语从句。

① when + 短动词或长动词

② as  +  短动词或长动词

③ while +  长动词(be动词也是长动词）

▲2. ①while 连接两个长动作，两个动作同时发生。（主句和从句都是长动词，常用进行时）

    Father was watching TV while mother was cooking dinner.

②as 连接两个同时发生的短动词。

        Andy came into the room as Millie sat down on the sofa.

③一个长动作和一个短动作，短动作发生在长动作过程之中，也就是说，长动作先发生，短动作后发生。分两种情况：

         A.主句是长动作，从句用when+短动作。 I was wathing TV when father got home.

     B.主句是短动作，从句用while/as/when+长动作。 Father got home while/as/when I was watching TV.

▲3.as还有一种特殊用法，用于两个平行结构。表示：一个主语同时进行两个动作；一种状态随另一种状态的变化而变化.（意为：①一边做……一边做……  ②随着……）

      ① He sang as he worked. 他边工作边唱歌。

      ② As he grew older，he became more confident.   随着年龄的增长他变得更加自信。

▲4.when/while+ doing sth.

    ★ Jim found a dead cat when entering the room.

    ★Jim heard a loud shout while doing his homework at nine last night.

随堂练习

1．—Kate, I called you at 8:00 yesterday evening, but nobody answered.

—Really? I’m sorry. I ________ English with my pen pal online.

A．practise B．practised C．am practising D．was practising

【答案】D

【详解】句意：—凯特，昨晚八点我给你打电话了，但是没有人接听。—真的吗？我很抱歉。当时我正在线与我的笔友练习英语。考查动词的时态。根据“ I called you at 8:00 yesterday evening” 以及“I … English with my pen pal online.” 可知，当时我在忙，所以应该用过去进行时，即was/were +V-ing。又根据主语“ I” 可知，be动词应该用was。故选D。

2．While we ________the crops, it suddenly poured with rain.

A．were harvesting B．harvested C．are harvesting D．harvest

【答案】A

【详解】句意：当我们正在收庄稼的时候, 天突然下起了雨。考查过去进行时。句中while表示“当……时候”,与之连用的时态为进行时态，故可排除B和D选项；根据后半句的动词poured是过去式形式,可推断事情发生在过去。故设空处应用过去进行时“were harvesting”。故选A。

3．—I didn’t see you at the party yesterday.

—I ________ for the final exam at that time.

A．am preparing B．prepared C．was preparing D．prepare

【答案】C

【详解】句意：—我昨天在聚会上没看见你。—那时我正在准备期末考试。考查时态辨析。根据“I didn’t see you at the party yesterday.”可知昨天在晚会上的那个时间正在为考试做准备，时态是过去进行时，其结构为was/were doing。故选C。

4．The boy was playing under the tree ________ the accident happened.

A．when B．so C．while D．if

【答案】A

【详解】句意：当事故发生的时候，这个男孩正在树下玩。考查连词辨析。when和while都可表示“当……时候”，区别在于when从句的动词通常是短暂性动词，while从句的动词通常是延续性动词；so所以；if如果、是否。根据句意可知，当事故发生的时候，这个男孩正在树下玩，其中happened“发生”，是短暂性动词，则此处应用when。故选A。

5．—I called you yesterday afternoon, but there was no answer.

—Oh, I ________ my bike in the garden.

A．fixed up B．was fixing up C．fix up D．is going to fix up

【答案】B

【详解】句意：—我昨天下午给你打电话，但是没有人接。—哦，我正在花园里修自行车。考查动词时态。根据“I called you yesterday afternoon, but there was no answer.”可知，空处是描述过去某时刻正在进行的动作，用过去进行时。故选B。

6．While my father ________ the evening paper, he suddenly heard a cry.

A．was looking through B．am looking through 

C．have looked through D．looked through

【答案】A

【详解】句意：我父亲正在浏览晚报时，他突然听见一声叫喊。考查时态。look through浏览，根据heard可知，此处用过去时态，while引导的时间状语从句用过去进行时，主句用一般过去时，故选A。

7．— I called you at eight but you didn’t pick up.

— Sorry, I ________ a shower

A．took B．taking C．take D．was taking

【答案】D

【详解】句意：—我八点钟给你打电话，但你没接。—对不起，我那时正在洗澡。考查动词时态。take a shower“洗澡”；根据“I called you at eight but you didn’t pick up.”可知应该是说在那个时候正在洗澡，应用过去进行时(was/were doing)，这里主语为I ，be动词用was，故选D。

8．—Mary, just now mom argued with dad.

—I didn’t hear it. At that time, I ________ the piano.

A．practice B．are practicing C．practiced D．was practicing

【答案】D

【详解】句意：—玛丽，刚才妈妈和爸爸吵架了。—我没听见。当时，我正在练习钢琴。考查时态。根据At that time可知“在那时”是过去进行时的标志词，结构为was/were doing。故选D。

9．— Why didn’t you answer my call last night? I wanted to borrow your notebook.

— Sorry. I ________ at that time. I had a long day yesterday.

A．sleep B．slept C．is sleeping D．was sleeping

【答案】D

【详解】句意：—昨天晚上你为什么不接我的电话？我想要借你的笔记本。—对不起。我那时正在睡觉。昨天我度过了漫长的一天。考查时态。根据last night和at that time可知，此处表示过去某时正在做什么，因此用过去进行时，故选D。

10．—What was Peter doing when it ________ to rain heavily?

—He ________ his homework .

A．begins; was doing B．begins; is doing C．began; was doing D．began; did

【答案】C

【详解】句意：— 当开始下大雨时，彼得正在做什么？— 他正在做作业。考查时态。根据“What was Peter doing”可知描述过去的事，用一般过去时，此空需要动词的过去式，因此began符合句意；再者根据特殊疑问句“What was Peter doing”可知过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，用过去进行时因此was doing符合句意。故选C。

11．—Oh, dear! A power cut!

—Sorry, I didn’t know you ________ the washing machine.

A．are using B．were using C．use D．used

【答案】B

【详解】句意：—噢，天呐！断电了！—抱歉，我不知道你正在用洗衣机。考查动词时态。根据语境可知，是停电的时候正在使用洗衣机；结合主句“I didn’t know”是一般过去时态，可知宾语从句应用过去进行时was/were doing结构；主语you是第二人称，助动词应用were，故选B。

12．—Tom fought with John just now.

—Sorry, I didn’t notice them. I __________ the vegetables into small pieces then.

A．cut B．will cut C．was cutting D．have cut

【答案】C

【详解】句意：—汤姆刚才和约翰打架了。—对不起，我没有注意到他们。当时我正在把蔬菜切成小块。 

考查过去进行时。根据“Sorry, I didn’t notice them.”及then可知，本句描述的是过去某时正在进行的动作，故用过去进行时，结构为was/were doing。故选C。

13．Tom was washing the dishes in the kitchen ________ Jack was watching TV in the room.

A．if B．whether C．as D．while

【答案】D

【详解】句意：汤姆在厨房洗碗，而杰克在房间里看电视。考查连词。if如果；whether是否；as随着；while当……时候。根据“Tom was washing the dishes in the kitchen” 和“Jack was watching TV in the room.”可知，当一件事情正在进行的时候，另外一件事也在进行，所以两句话的动作是同时发生，因此while符合句意。故选D。

14．—Tom, what were you doing at five yesterday afternoon?

—I ________ my cousin with his homework.

A．helped B．am helping C．was helping D．help

【答案】C

【详解】句意：—Tom，你昨天下午五点在干什么？—我正在辅导我表弟做作业。考查过去进行时。题干中的 “at five yesterday afternoon” 为过去具体时间点，是过去进行时的标志词，过去进行时结构为：主语+were/ was +doing。故选C。

【点睛】

易错分析：动词的形式随着人称和时态的变化而变化。

15．I ________ research on the Internet when my uncle came yesterday.

A．is doing B．does C．did D．was doing

【答案】D

【详解】句意：昨天当我叔叔来的时候，我正在网上做研究。考查过去进行时。do是动词，意为“做”。根据题干中“when my uncle came yesterday”，可知这里表示“当我叔叔来的时候，我正在做研究”，应使用过去进行时，结构为was/were doing。故选D。

【基础练习】

一、用when 或while填空。

1. Mother was cooking ______________Father was watching DVD last night.

2. ____________Tommy got there, the famous scientist was giving a talk on travelling.

3. ____________ the famous scientist was giving a talk on traveling, Tommy got there.[来源:学4. The singer smiled to us ____________she was singing the song.

5. ____________they were playing basketball, we were cheering for them.

6. I took some photos ______________we were visiting Mount Fuji.[来源:学科网]

7. The telephone rang _______________David was sleeping last night.

8. ______________ the telephone rang, David was sleeping.

9. My uncle came to see me ____________I stayed in Shanghai.

10. _____________my uncle came to see me, I was reading.

【答案】1while 2When 3While 4while 5While 6 while 7while 8 When 9while 10When

二、用动词的正确形式填空。

1. He ____________________ (read) English at that time last night.

2. The teacher came at about 4 o’clock. We ___________________(have) a class meeting then.

3. They ____________________ (drive) past that building when their car broke down.

4. ________________ your mother ________________(cook) dinner at the moment?

5. The old ______(not watch) TV when I came in while they __________(chat) with each other.

6. __________you _____________(run) in the rain when the accident _____________(happen)?

7. Let’s go to see what _________________(happen) over there!

8. When ______________ you ______________(pack) your bag yesterday?

9. --When ______________ you ______________(discuss) it ?   --Very soon.

10. ________________ the sun ______________(run) around the earth?

11. Our plane ______________(leave) at ten o’clock tonight.

12. We ______________(talk) a lot until Mr Wu told us to be quiet.

13. He ______________(not leave) until his mother comes back.

14. The snowstorm ________________(stop) at last.

15. I _________________(become) a football player when I was 15 years old.

16. Your cousin____________________(not play) basketball when I saw him.

17. I______________________(do) my homework the whole morning.

18. While he ______________(read) the letter, he____________(hear) a knock at the door.[来

19. When I ______________(walk) down the street, I ______________(meet) Mary.

20. The bell _________________(ring) while we ____________________(read) the text.

【答案】1was reading 2 were having 3 were driving 4Was cooking 5weren`t watching  were chatting 6Were running happened 7 is happening 8 did pack 9 will discuss 10Does run 11will leave 12 talked 13 won`t leave 14stopped 15became 16 wasn`t playing 17 was doing 18was reading heard 19walked met 20 rang were reading

三．完成句子

1. 昨天晚上迈克来的时候我正在写作业。

I _________________________________ when Mike _______________________ last night.

2. 安正在看电视时，她父亲回来了。

While Ann _______________________ TV, her father _______________________ home.

3. 我敲门的时候你正在干什么？

What _________________________ when I _______________________ at the door?

4. 我去看她的时候她正在打扫房间。

She __________________ the room when I _______________________ to see her.

5. 去年夏天的这个时候我正在英国度假。

I ____________________________ vacation in England this time last summer.

6. 当时梅在跳舞，而彼得在弹钢琴。

May _______________________ while Peter _______________________ the piano.

【答案】1 was doing my homework when Mike came  2was watching came back 3were you doing knocked  4 was cleaning went 5 was on 6 was dancing was playing

【能力拓展】

The fire at Notre Dame Cathedral（巴黎圣母院）in Paris has raised questions about the condition of thousands of other historic buildings across Europe.

Some people say the fire last month was a wake-up call, not just for Europe, but the whole world. Large fires have long robbed humanity of knowledge, art and treasures. One example is the fire at the famous library of Alexandria in northern Egypt about 1700 years ago.

In 2015, the German engineering company Siemens found that Scotland had about 10 serious fires a year, while England lost at least twelve listed buildings a year. In Germany, 70 historic buildings have been destroyed since 2000.

And all too often, fires happen while old buildings are being repaired. Experts say that what is needed is continuous attention and maintenance(维护). These steps, if taken, could help avoid the need for major repairing work.

But regular attention and maintenance costs money.

Part of the problem comes from the shortage of money provided by governments after the 2008 financial crisis (金融危机). As a result, governments are increasingly looking for rich companies to keep up these historic buildings.

“We do need more money, but this is a shared duty for governments, businesses and citizens across Europe,” said an officer from the European Union.

Some say world-famous monuments like Notre Dame are the driving force behind tourism and should get more respect. People have noticed the importance of such respect.

“Historic buildings are a gold mine(矿). You cannot explore it and then just leave the mine and go to another one. It is something you really have to value,” the officer said.

1．After the fire at Notre Dame Cathedral, more attention is paid to ________ .

A．European governments                  B．famous libraries

C．engineering companies D．the old buildings

2．According to the passage, one of the biggest enemies of cultural treasures is ________ .

A．robbers B．fires C．money D．tourists

3．“These steps” in Paragraph 4 refer to (指代) ________ .

A．attention and maintenance B．careful repairing work

C．enough respect from people D．serious financial crisis

4．The officer thinks ________ should accept the duty of caring for these famous monuments.

A．citizens around the world B．the European governments

C．rich European businesses D．the whole European society

5．The purpose of writing this article is to ask everyone to ________ .

A．value historic buildings B．donate plenty of money

C．pay attention to big fires D．avoid exploring mines

【答案】1．D2．B3．A4．D5．A

【分析】

本文介绍了巴黎圣母院大火引发了人们对历史建筑状况的担忧，列举了各国被大火破坏的历史建筑。各界对如何保护历史建筑提出了自己的观点。专家认为持续的关注和维护可以避免大规模的维修，政府官员认为保护好这些历史建筑是政府、企业和公民的共同责任。有人说历史建筑是旅游业的推动力，人们要尊重历史建筑。作者号召大家都要重视历史建筑。

1．细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“The fire at Notre Dame Cathedral（巴黎圣母院）in Paris has raised questions about the condition of thousands of other historic buildings across Europe.”可知，在巴黎圣母院大火之后，人们对旧建筑给予了更多的关注。故选D。

2．推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“Large fires have long robbed humanity of knowledge, art and treasures.”可知，长期以来大火夺走了人类知识、艺术和财富。由此推知，文化宝藏最大的敌人之一就是火灾。故选B。

3．细节理解题。根据上文“Experts say that what is needed is continuous attention and maintenance(维护).”可知，这些步骤指的是关注和维护。故选A。

4．细节理解题。根据第七段““We do need more money, but this is a shared duty for governments, businesses and citizens across Europe, ”said an officer from the European Union.”可知，这位官员认为整个欧洲社会都应该承担起保护这些著名古迹的责任。故选D。

25．主旨大意题。本文介绍了巴黎圣母院大火引发了人们对历史建筑状况的担忧，各界对如何保护历史建筑提出了自己的观点。专家认为需要有持续的关注才能避免大规模的维修工作，政府官员认为保护好这些历史建筑是全社会共同的责任，有人说历史建筑是旅游业的推动力，人们要尊重历史建筑。由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是让大家都重视历史建筑。故选A。