人教版 (2019)Unit 4 History and traditions巩固练习

Reading and Thinking (1)

[基础测评]

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空

1. Your ideas are 　　　　(fascinate) to me. 

2. This is a book of 　　　　(puzzle) for children.  

3. It is a suitable 　　　　(locate) for a new school.  

4. They took up arms in 　　　　(defend) of their country.  

5. The town’s water comes from the 　　　　(surround) hills.  

6. The US dollar is down against most foreign 　　　　(currency) today.  

7. I felt a great sense of 　　　　(achieve) when I reached the top of the mountain. 

8. Lions and tigers belong 　　　　the cat family. 

9. It is hard work that results 　　　　his success.  

10. Make sure you haven’t left anything 　　　　on the train. 

答案:1. fascinating　2. puzzles　3. location

4. defence　5. surrounding　6. currencies

7. achievement　8. to　9. in　10. behind

Ⅱ. 用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空

1. I always 　　　　him 　　　　a bookworm. 

2. The new highway has 　　　　our village 　　　　the city. 

3. The snowstorm has 　　　　　　　　hundreds of deaths. 

4. The incident 　　　　　　　　a lot of problems and difficulties. 

5. As my best friend, he shares my sorrows 　　　　　　　　my joys. 

6. 　　　　　　　, Andrew. There are opportunities everywhere. 

答案:1. refer to　as　2. joined　to　3. resulted in

4. left behind　5. as well as    6. Keep your eyes open

[提升测评]

Ⅲ. 阅读理解

A

I come from Cambridge, a beautiful city in the east of England. It is on the River Cam and has a population of about 100,000. My hometown is especially famous for its university. Many famous people studied here, such as Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin. There are lots of old buildings and churches to visit. Students and tourists enjoy trips along the river by boat.

Cambridge is 80 kilometres from London. London is in the south of England and it is on the River Thames. It has a population of less than nine and a half million, so it is bigger and busier than Cambridge. It is about 2,000 years old, and it is famous for Big Ben, Buckingham Palace and Tower Bridge.

England itself is part of an island, and you are always near the sea. The small villages and beaches on the coast are popular for holidays. Tourists like the areas of low mountains and beautiful lakes in the north, and the hills and pretty villages in the south. Everywhere in England, you will notice how green the countryside is.

It is never very hot in summer or very cold in winter. So come and see England any time of the year, but bring an umbrella with you. It rains a lot all year round. You will need it most days.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

1. How many examples of famous people are mentioned in the text?

A. One.      B. Two.

C. Three.      D. Four.

解析:细节理解题。由第一段第四句“Many famous people studied here, such as Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin.”可知,只有两位名人被提到。故选B。

答案:B

2. What can we know about Cambridge and London?

A. Cambridge is much busier than London.

B. London is 2,000 kilometres from Cambridge.

C. Cambridge has more famous buildings than London.

D. London has a much bigger population than Cambridge.

解析:细节理解题。由第一段第二句“It is on the River Cam and has a population of about 100,000.”和第二段第三句“It has a population of less than nine and a half million”可知,剑桥有约10万人口,而伦敦有不到950万人口。故选D。

答案:D

3. What do tourists like about the south of England?

A. The churches. 

B. The low mountains.

C. The pretty villages. 

D. The beautiful lakes.

解析:细节理解题。由第三段第三句“Tourists like the areas of low mountains and beautiful lakes in the north, and the hills and pretty villages in the south.”可知,游客喜欢位于英国南面的漂亮村庄。故选C。

答案:C

4. What’s the climate like in England?

A. Very hot in summer.

B. Very cold in winter.

C. Not very cold in winter.

D. Not rainy all year round.

解析:细节理解题。由第四段第一句“It is never very hot in summer or very cold in winter.”可知,英国夏天不是很热,冬天不是很冷。故选C。

答案:C

B

Ireland has had a very difficult history. The problems started in the 16th century when English rulers tried to conquer Ireland. For hundreds of years, the Irish people fought against the English. Finally, in 1921, the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland. The result is that today there are two “Irelands”. Northern Ireland, in the north, is part of the United Kingdom. The Republic of Ireland, in the south, is an independent country.

In the 1840s, the main crop, potatoes, were affected by disease and about 750,000 people died of hunger. This, and a shortage(短缺) of work, forced many people to leave Ireland and live in the USA, the UK, Australia and Canada. As a result of these problems, the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851.

For many years, the majority of Irish people earned their living as farmers. Today, many people still work on the land but more and more people are moving to the cities to work in factories and offices. Life in the cities is very different from life in the countryside, where things move at a quieter and slower pace.

The Irish are famous for being warm-hearted and friendly. Oscar Wilde, a famous Irish writer, once said that the Irish were “the greatest talkers since the Greeks”. Since independence, Ireland has revived(复兴) its own culture of music, language, literature and singing. Different areas have different styles of old Irish songs which are sung without instruments. Other kinds of Irish music use many different instruments such as the violin, whistles, etc.

5. What does the author tell us in paragraph 1?

A. How the Irish fought against the English.

B. How Ireland gained independence.

C. How English rulers tried to conquer Ireland.

D. How two “Irelands” came into being.

解析:推理判断题。由第一段中“The result is that today there are two ‘Irelands’. Northern Ireland, in the north, is part of the United Kingdom. The Republic of Ireland, in the south, is an independent country.”可知,北爱尔兰是英国的一部分,而南部的爱尔兰共和国是独立的国家。由此可知,作者告诉我们,“两个爱尔兰”是如何形成的。故选D。

答案:D

6. What can we learn about Ireland from the text?

A. Food shortages in the 1840s led to a decline in population.

B. People are moving to the cities for lack of work in the countryside.

C. It is harder to make a living as a farmer than as a factory worker.

D. Different kinds of old Irish songs are all sung with instruments.

解析:细节理解题。根据第二段“In the 1840s, the main crop, potatoes, were affected by disease and about 750,000 people died of hunger.”和“the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851”可知,在19世纪40年代,主要农作物受病害影响,大约75万人死于饥饿,爱尔兰人口骤减到660万。故选A。

答案:A

7. What can be the best title for the text?

A. Life in Ireland

B. A Very Difficult History

C. Ireland, Past and Present

D. The Independence of Ireland

解析:标题归纳题。文章讲述了爱尔兰的一段历史,没有详细讲爱尔兰的独立,B、D排除;文章第三段主要讲的是爱尔兰人的生活,A是对第三段的总结,不够全面。总览全文,文章讲述了爱尔兰的过去和现在,故选C。

答案:C

C

Manchester is the “capital” of the northwest of England. Situated on the east bank of the River Irwell, it is a lively busy city with a large student population. Although it was once seen as only a dull industrial place, in recent years Manchester has become the “in” place. It is well known for its clubs, its fashion and its music, not to mention its world-famous football team, Manchester United.

There is plenty to see in Manchester and something to suit all tastes. For example, you have a taste of the Orient in Chinatown, home to Manchester’s large Chinese population. Another place to visit is the historical Eastlefield area, which contains the first urban heritage park in Britain. Here you can walk around the museums and experience the atmosphere of the 19th century Manchester.

Football fans need not feel left out; they can always make a trip to the Old Trafford Manchester United Museum which also contains a coffee shop and a souvenir shop.

It’s easy to find your way around the city centre and you’re never too far away from a bus, which will take you wherever you want to go. However, many people prefer walking in a city where there’s so much to see, and much of it is off the main travel lines.

If you get tired with all that walking, you can refresh yourself at one of the many café bars in the city. There’s a wide variety of homely and old-fashioned ones.

Whatever you do, you won’t have a dull moment in the place which was awarded the title of“most interesting city in Europe”. Despite its unpopular industrial image in the past, Manchester is becoming more and more popular as a tourist destination nowadays.

8. What do we know about Manchester?

A. It is a big city in the southwest of England.

B. It is only known for its heavy industry.

C. It is interesting only if you like football.

D. It is a very popular place now.

解析:细节理解题。根据第一段中的“... in recent years Manchester has become the ‘in’ place. It is well known for its clubs, its fashion and its music, not to mention its world-famous football team, Manchester United.”可知,曼彻斯特已经变成时尚之都,以俱乐部、时装、音乐等闻名于世,还有世界著名的球队——曼联。故选D。

答案:D

9. If you are interested in Manchester’s history, you 　　　　. 

A. will see the 18th century buildings

B. can go to Chinatown

C. Don’t have a choice

D. can visit the Eastlefield

解析:细节理解题。 根据第二段“Another place to visit is the historical Eastlefield area ... Here you can walk around the museums and experience the atmosphere of the 19th century Manchester.”可知,Eastlefield与历史有关,如果你对历史感兴趣,可以去那里参观。故选D。

答案:D

10. What does the underlined word “its” in the last paragraph refer to?　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

A. Europe’s.      B. Tourism’s.

C. Manchester’s.     D. Industry’s.

解析:指代题。Despite its unpopular industrial image in the past是介词短语,主语是后面的Manchester。句意:尽管曼彻斯特以前是一个工业城市,但是曼彻斯特正变为一个旅游目的地,而且越来越受欢迎。故选C。

答案:C

D

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is one of the most diverse nations in the whole of Europe. This article will show you how to adapt to the varied culture of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

Get used to small spaces. The United States is not only a huge country but also has big cars, houses and spaces. 11. Houses, apartments, cars and appliances are all smaller than what you are accustomed to, so you have to get used to smaller things.

Be polite. Always apologise for running into someone, even if it is their fault, as it makes you out to be a kind person. Respect people’s personal space and always wait in line.

Accept jokes. 12. Bantering and taking the mickey are all ways to describe making fun of someone but this isn’t necessarily a bad thing. Teasing someone is a common way to show friendship. As one Briton put it, “You never make fun of someone you don’t like.”

Get used to the driving. The British drive on the left side of the road. 13. Also the cars in the UK have the steering wheel (方向盘) on the right side, so you need to get used to this as well. Be especially careful with your turns and remember that right turns in the UK cross opposite traffic in the same way that left turns do in the US and other countries that drive on the right.

14. The British use different words and pronounce words differently. Look around on the Internet or buy books about words and expressions used in Britain.

There’s more to the UK than London. London is an excellent city and the most popular in the United Kingdom. 15. And the green countryside is a defining feature of the UK, which is something that should be explored.

A. Get used to the lifestyle.

B. Get used to the language.

C. Different regions have their own traditions and even languages.

D. Be sure that you do so, or the result could be terrible.

E. However, the UK does not have the luxury of space.

F. But there are many other cities filled with culture and wonder.

G. One of the most confusing aspects of British culture is humour.

11. 解析:根据本段句首“Get used to small spaces.” 和下文“Houses, apartments, cars and appliances are all smaller than what you are accustomed to, so you have to get used to smaller things.”可知,本段主要讲述和美国相比,英国的“空间”没有那么大——房子、公寓、汽车、家用电器等。故E项“然而,英国没有奢侈的空间”符合题意。

答案:E

12. 解析:根据本段句首“Accept jokes.”和下文“but this isn’t necessarily a bad thing. Teasing someone is a common way to show friendship.”可知,本段主要讲述英国人喜爱开玩笑,虽然很多人不能理解他们的幽默,但这是他们表示友好的一种方式。故G项“令许多人困惑的英国文化之一就是它的幽默”。其中“humour”与“bantering” “taking the mickey”意思相近。

答案:G

13. 解析:根据本段句首“Get used to the driving.”和下文“Also the cars in the UK have the steering wheel on the right side”及“Be especially careful with your turns and remember that right turns in the UK”可知,本段主要讲述在英国开车是左边行驶,这与美国和其他国家不同,所以在转弯时要多加注意。故D项“确保你是这样做的,否则后果会很严重”符合上下文语境。

答案:D

14. 解析:根据下文“The British use different words and pronounce words differently.”可知,本段是讲英国的单词和发音不同。故B项“习惯(它的)语言”作为本段主题句最为恰当。

答案:B

15. 解析:根据本段首句“There’s more to the UK than London.”和下文“And the green countryside is a defining feature of the UK”可知,英国并不是只有伦敦,绿色田园也是它(英国)的关键特征。故F项“但是英国还有许多其他充满文化和让人惊叹的城市”符合上下文语境。

答案:F

Reading and Thinking (2)

[基础测评]

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空

1. He offered a new approach 　　　　improving the function of the machine. 

2. The immune system is our main 　　　　(defend) against disease.  

3. She was faced with a new job, in unfamiliar 　　　　(surround) with strange people. 

4. I have never expected that my hometown has such a 　　　(fascinate)

look, seen from the sky. 

5. He was admitted to a famous university for his outstanding 　　　　

(achieve) in high school. 

6. The Beidou Navigation System can exactly lead you to any　　　　

 (locate) you want to reach. 

7. She looked 　　　　(puzzle) so I repeated the question. 

8. There is 　　　　(evident) that Beijing Man used fire to cook food. 

9. The land belongs 　　　　　　　(legal) to the government. 

10. We’d better go in a group, not 　　　　(individual). 

答案:1. to　2. defence　3. surroundings

4. fascinating　5. achievements　6. location

7. puzzled　8. evidence　9. legally   10. individually

Ⅱ. 用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空

1. He took away the umbrella 　　　　　　the boy beside him by mistake. 

2. The village 　　　　　　　　the town by the new road.  

3. 　　　　　　　　any opportunity around can help you find a job sooner. 

4. Electric energy can be changed into light energy 　　　　　　    

into sound energy. 

5. Several states 　　　　　　　　the Union and became independent. 

6. English 　　　　　　　　a universal language. 

答案:1. belonging to　2. is joined to

3. Keeping your eyes open for　4. as well as

5. broke away from　6. is referred to as

Ⅲ. 语法填空

The UK is also called Great Britain, Britain or England. Many people 1. 　　　　　　　　(confuse) by these different names. In fact, they are 2. 　　　　　　　(shorten) names for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. In the 16th century, Wales was joined 3. 　　　　the Kingdom of England and with Scotland joining in the 18th century, the Kingdom of Great Britain came into being. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added 4. 　　　　　(create) the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. However, the southern part of Ireland 5. 　　　　(break) away from the UK in the following century, and thus the name of the country was changed into the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, 6. 　　　　is still in use. 

The four countries work together to share the same flag, currency and military defence. Although 7. 　　　　(belong) to the UK, they also govern their countries independently in some ways, such as education systems, legal systems, national days and even football teams. 

In the UK, it is easy to collect 8. 　　　　(evident) of the four groups of people who took over at different times. They are the Romans, the Anglo-Saxons, the Vikings and the Normans, of whom the Normans had castles 9. 　　　　(build) all around England and they had much influence on the English language. 

The UK has interesting history and culture, and 10. 　　　　(it) capital London is the typical city which is well worth exploring. 

答案: 1. are confused　2. shortened　3. to   4. to create　5. broke

6. which　7. belonging  8. evidence　9. built　10. its

[提升测评]

Ⅳ. 阅读理解

Hundreds of years ago, a Roman army made war on Scotland. The Scots, a brave people, love their country. They fought hard to drive the enemy out of Scotland. But there were too many of the Romans. It looked as if the Romans would win.

One night, the leader of the Scots marched his soldiers to the top of a hill. “We will rest here tonight, my men,” he said. “Tomorrow we will fight one more battle. We must win, or we will die.”

They were all very tired. So they ate their supper quickly and fell asleep. There were four guards on duty, but they were very tired, too, and one by one, they fell asleep.

The Romans were not asleep. Quickly they gathered at the foot of the hill. Slowly they went up the hill. Closer they came to the sleeping Scots. They were almost at the top. A few minutes more the war would be over. Suddenly, one of them put his foot on a thistle (蓟). He cried out and his sudden cry woke the Scots. In a minute they were on their feet and ready for a battle. The fighting was hard, but it did not last long. The Scots wiped out the Romans and saved Scotland.

The thistle is not a beautiful plant. It has sharp needles all over it. Few people liked it. But the people of Scotland liked it so much that they made it their national flower.

1. What is the reaction of the sleeping Scots at the shout of a Roman soldier?

A. They began to fight the Romans hard.

B. They stood up without shoes and began to fight.

C. They woke and rose immediately, ready to fight.

D. They put on shoes at once and were ready to fight.

解析:细节理解题。从第四段“In a minute they were on their feet and ready for a battle.”可知,此处be on one’s feet意为“站起来”,而不是光着脚的意思。故选 C。

答案:C

2. What’s the result of the war?

A. The Romans killed all the Scots.

B. The Scots were defeated.

C. The Scots were driven out of Scotland.

D. The Scots defeated the Romans.

解析:细节理解题。从文章第四段最后一句可知,此处wipe out意为“消灭;清除”。故选D。

答案:D

3. Why did the Scots make the thistle their national flower?

A. It is lovely, though not beautiful.

B. It gave them happiness.

C. It is a kind of useful plant.

D. It helped the Scots in wiping out the Romans.

解析:推理判断题。从前四段可以判断,是蓟帮助了苏格兰人。故选D。

答案:D

Ⅴ. 完形填空

I live near a bay(海湾) in Sydney and I go on a bike ride almost every day. I see lots of people riding their bikes and others just 　1　

and enjoying the view. On Sundays, there are more people around the bay. I 　2　 riding my bike then so that I can give as many smiles as possible. 

Today, on my way back home, I 　3　 a beautiful little girl walking with her mom holding a box of her things. It was so great to see how 　4　 they were. I kept riding my bike and I found a shiny necklace on the ground. I didn’t do anything at first, 　5　 then I thought maybe it belonged to the little girl. I turned around to pick up the necklace. Luckily, it was still there, but for a second I thought that maybe it did not belong to her. I 　6　 to go and ask them before picking it up. 

I turned around again, and tried to find the woman and her lovely girl. I easily found them and noticed that they were 　7　 something missing in the box. I stopped and asked, “Did she 　8　 her necklace?” “Yes,” her mom replied. “I saw it. I’ll get it,” I answered. 

I went back and retrieved(取回) the necklace. They were very happy and the mom asked her daughter to 　9　 me. It was the 　10　

moment of the day. Even though the necklace was a simple chain made of

　11　, the happiness on both the mom’s and her daughter’s faces was much more 　12　. 

It made me feel so 　13　, and I was so glad that I went back to

　14　 them. Never hesitate(犹豫) when you know you’re about to do an act of 　15　. Just go for it and it’ll make you feel happy, I promise. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

1. A. jumping  B. riding   C. climbing D. walking

解析:根据“others”和前面的“riding their bikes”所表示的对比意义可以推知,人们走着(walking)欣赏美景。

答案:D

2. A. finish   B. love   C. hate   D. regret

解析:联系下文中的“I can give as many smiles as possible”可知,作者喜欢(love)骑车。

答案:B

3. A. heard   B. discovered C. stopped  D. noticed

解析:作者在回家的路上注意到(noticed)一个漂亮的小女孩。

答案:D

4. A. busy   B. nervous  C. happy  D. careless

解析:句中的“It was so great”说明她们很快乐(happy)。

答案:C

5. A. for   B. so    C. and   D. but

解析:一开始作者什么也没有做,但是(but)后来想到它可能是那个小女孩的。

答案:D

6. A. agreed   B. refused   C. decided   D. pretended

解析:作者担心项链不是小女孩的,所以决定(decided)先去问问她们。

答案:C

7. A. breaking up      B. turning to

C. watching over       D. looking for

解析:联系句中的“something missing in the box”等信息可知,她们在寻找(looking for)丢失的什么东西。

答案:D

8. A. drop    B. forget  C. keep   D. sell

解析:结合作者回来的目的可知,此处是询问:“她丢了(drop)项链吗?”

答案:A

9. A. help    B. persuade  C. encourage  D. thank

解析:根据上文中的“I went back and retrieved the necklace”可知,妈妈要女儿谢谢(thank)作者。

答案:D

10. A. disappointing      B. worrying

 C. exciting       D. surprising

解析:作者帮助了她们,所以说那是那一天中令人兴奋的(exciting)时刻。

答案:C

11. A. gold    B. plastic   C. diamond  D. silver

解析:联系句中的“Even though”所表示的转折关系可以推知,该项链是用塑料(plastic)做的。

答案:B

12. A. important  B. boring   C. expensive   D. funny

解析:在作者看来,她们两人脸上的幸福更重要(important)。

答案:A

13. A. tired    B. honest  C. strong   D. good

解析:根据下文中的“and I was so glad”可知,这件事情使得作者感觉很好(good)。

答案:D

14. A. avoid   B. ask    C. change    D. accept

解析:结合上文中的“and ask them before picking it up”可知,作者很高兴能够回去问(ask)她们。

答案:B

15. A. experience       B. patience

 C. kindness       D. politeness

解析:作者帮助了文中提到的妈妈和女儿,所以说是善行(kindness)。

答案:C