高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 4 Adversity and Course课时练习

Expanding Your World

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空

1.Since I have worked as a volunteer in different activities, I believe that I am      qualified       (qualify) for the position you advertised for.

2.She      sank       (sink) back into her seat, exhausted.

3.They showed great      perseverance       (persevere) in the face of difficulty.

4.Both sides met in order to try to      resolve       (resolution) their differences.

5.The children had suffered       cruelty       (cruel) and neglect.

6.The invention would have a wide range of      applications       (apply) in industry.

7.Activities all take place      under       the guidance of an experienced tutor.

8.Dirty streets and homelessness are no      advertisement      (advertise) for a prosperous society.

Ⅱ. 同义替换

cosy; unfortunately; be enthusiastic about; commitment; thorough; abandon; under one’s guidance; odd

1.The baby had been deserted by its mother.      abandoned   

2.Martin would be a good judge, I thought. He was calm and careful.      thorough   

3.I am looking forward to working with her help.      under her guidance   

4.He was injured in the first game and unluckily  missed the final.      unfortunately   

5.The sponsor was interested  in the concert venue.      was enthusiastic about   

6.What she did was unforgivable, but the strange  thing was that he didn’t seem to mind.      odd   

7.On a summer evening in Beijing in 2008, all those long, hard hours of work and devotion finally bore fruit.      commitment   

8.It’s such a comfortable bed.      cosy   

Ⅲ. 完成句子

1.虽然线上展览也很真实, 但亲自参观博物馆真的是太棒了。（there is nothing like…）

While online exhibitions also look real,      there’s nothing like visiting the museum      in person.

2.如果那时我们被发现了, 我不知道我们会有什么后果。（含蓄虚拟语气）

If we       had been spotted       at that point, I don’t know      what would happen      to us.

3.如果他们花很长时间谈论一幅你不感兴趣的画会怎么样呢？（what if…）

     What if they talked for a long time       about a painting you weren’t interested in?

素养综合练

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

（2020黑龙江哈尔滨第六中学高二上期末）

Born blind is tough in any case. But things were even harder for Srikanth Bolla who was born in a small village in India, where the common belief was that kids with disabilities were “of no use” and therefore, better off dead. Fortunately, Srikanth’s parents loved their son and refused to give him up. Instead, they encouraged the blind boy to dream big and reach for the star.

Srikanth did not disappoint his parents. The now twenty-four-year-old man is the founder and CEO of Bollant Industries.

Of course, getting here was not easy. Being both blind and poor meant that Srikanth had to face hard challenges. As a young boy, Srikanth attended a regular school near his home. Unfortunately, the students and teachers didn’t quite like him because of his disability. As a result, the young boy was largely ignored and often spent the entire day alone.

Concerned that this would hold back Srikanth’s development, his family decided to send him to a special school in Hyderabad. Sure enough, the young boy soon rose to the top of his class, earning awards in speech and debate competitions. But Srikanth was prevented from studying sciences when he reached the 10th grade, because it was thought too “dangerous” for a blind student. Not wanting to give up, Srikanth took legal actions and became the first blind student in the country to be allowed to study sciences.

Later, after graduating from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Srikanth set up Bollant Industries in 2012. For just four years, it has become a powerhouse with over 450 employees,70% of whom are physically challenged.

Being disabled doesn’t mean being unable. “If the world looks at me and says, ‘Srikanth, you can do nothing,’ I will look back at the world and say I can do anything,” says the young man.

1.Why was Srikanth sent to a special school?

A.His parents became richer than before.

B.He could be treated equally there.

C.This school was free for disabled students.

D.He was sent away by the regular school.

2.What can we know about Srikanth from the text?

A.He was born in a poor village.

B.He cared about disabled people.

C.His parents were strict with him in his study.

D.He was loved by the villagers when he was young.

3.What words can best describe Srikanth?

A.Intelligent and determined.

B.Active and honest.

C.Patient and careful.

D.Kind but stubborn.

4.What can be the best title for the text?

A.Chances Are Everywhere

B.No Challenges, No Success

C.A Big Dream Makes a Difference

D.Disability Doesn’t Mean Being Unable

答案：1.B

解析：1.[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。印度的Srikanth Bolla先天性失明, 但他的父母并没有放弃他, 而是培养他立志求学, 最终他学业有成并创立了自己的公司。

【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第三段中的 Unfortunately, the students and teachers…alone. 以及第四段第一句Concerned that this would…a special school in Hyderabad. 可知, 家人因为担心他在普通学校受到的冷落会影响他, 所以决定送他去特殊学校, 故可推测他在特殊学校可以受到平等对待, 所以B项正确。

答案：2.B

解析：2.【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第五段中的70% of whom are physically challenged 可知 Srikanth很关心残疾人, 故选择B项。

答案：3.A

解析：3.【命题立意】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据Srikanth求学的波折经历可知他意志坚定, 根据Srikanth 在学业和商业上的成功可知他富有智慧, 所以A项正确。

答案：4.D

解析：4.【命题立意】主旨大意题。【解题思路】根据文章讲述的Srikanth的励志经历和最后一段中的总结全篇的中心句 Being disabled doesn’t mean being unable. 可知D项是最佳标题。

深度解析词汇积累

1. challenge n.挑战  2. ignore vt.忽视, 不理会

3. debate n.辩论  4. competition n.竞赛

难句分析

原句：But things were even harder for Srikanth Bolla who was born in a small village in India, where the common belief was that kids with disabilities were “of no use” and therefore, better off dead. 但是对于出生在印度的一个小村庄的Srikanth Bolla来说, 情况甚至更糟糕, 那里普遍的观念是残疾孩子“没有用”, 因此, 不如死了算了。

分析：本句是主从复合句。who引导定语从句, 修饰先行词Srikanth Bolla; where引导非限制性定语从句, 修饰先行词village。

Ⅱ. 七选五

（2020广东汕头金山中学高二期中）

How you talk to yourself about events, experiences and people plays a large role in shaping how you interpret events. When you find yourself interpreting something in a negative way or only focusing on the bad aspect of the situation, look for ways to talk about the events in a more positive light.      1      Instead, it simply means refocusing so that you give fair and equal importance to good events.

When you find yourself worrying about things, look for an uplifting activity to pull yourself out of this negative mindset（心态）    2      In this case, try to turn your attention elsewhere and engage in an activity that brings you joy. Listening to cheerful music, going for a walk, and reading a good book are all ways to get your mind off negative thoughts.

    3      Therefore, it is important to give extra attention to good things that happen. Negative things might be quickly transferred and stored in your long-term memory, so you need to make more efforts to get the same effect from happy moments.      4     Replay the moment several times in your memory and focus on the wonderful feelings the memory inspires.

The negative bias （偏见） can have a powerful impact on your behavior, but being aware of it means you can take steps to adopt a more positive outlook on life. One of the best ways to combat negative bias is taking a more focused approach involving being aware of your own tendency toward negativity and consciously elevating （提升） happier thoughts to the forefront of awareness.      5      Taking steps to avoid this bias can play a role in boosting your mental well-being.

A.It refers to seeing things in a new view.

B.It takes more for positive things to be remembered.

C.You probably don’t realize how often you say negative things.

D.Thinking repeatedly about the negative can result in a serious loss.

E.So when something great happens, take a moment to really focus on it.

F.This doesn’t mean ignoring potential dangers or wearing rose-colored glasses.

G.For example, you may find yourself mentally reviewing an unpleasant event or outcome.

1.    2.    3.    4.    5.

答案：1.F

解析：1.[语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了人们以不同的心态看待问题, 得到的结果是不同的。当我们意识到自己消极的一面时, 我们要用乐观的心态去面对它。

由上下文可知, 此处想表达的是找更积极的方式来谈论事情并不意味着忽视潜在的危险或逃避不好的事情, 反而你能公平地、同等地重视好的事件。F选项承接上文“更加积极地来谈论事情”, 同时也引出下文。故选F项。

答案：2.G

解析：2.由上下文可知, 本空是举例说明当你发现自己在为某事情担忧时, 可以转移注意力, 参加快乐的活动让自己从消极心态中走出来。G选项符合语境。

答案：3.B

解析：3.由空格后一句可知, 上下两句是因果关系, 因为积极的经历需要更多的记忆, 所以要格外关注要发生的好事。B选项符合语境。

答案：4.E

解析：4.  根据本段中“Therefore, it is important to give extra attention to good things that happen.”可知, 当大事发生时, 你需要对其进行特别的关注, 也就是花时间关注它。E项与此呼应。故选E项。

答案：5.D

解析：5.由上下文可知, 对抗消极偏见的最好方法之一是用快乐抵抗消极想法。因为一直专注于消极因素会产生不好的影响, 所以这种用快乐抵抗消极的方法有助于提高心理健康水平。D选项就是在讲反复地消极思考会造成严重的影响, 同时引出下文需要采取措施来避免这一现象。故选D项。

Ⅲ. 读后续写

1.阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。

（2020山东胶州实验中学高二质量检测）

About half a mile behind our Minnesota farm lay a pond. In summer, my brother Harry and I would run through a stand of oak trees to skip stones there. The pond wore a collar of black mud. It was not a place for swimming.

In late summer, the pond would be covered by a green and bubbly scum（起泡的浮渣）. Sometimes a strong, unpleasant smell rose from it. We stayed away.

When winter came, the pond was once again an inviting place. One day when ice covered it, Harry said to me,“Try walking across.”

The ice looked solid. No water showed through it, but I hesitated.“Go ahead,” Harry urged. “Try it. You’re lighter than I am. If the ice holds, we can run and slide carefully on it. It’ll be fun.” I wanted to please Harry, and I thought about the fun of a long slide on the ice. I began to slide across the pond.

In the middle of the pond, the ice gave way with a sudden crack（裂缝）! I stretched out（伸展） my arms. The next thing I knew was that I was hanging on to the edge of a hole in the ice with arms outstretched on the ice. From my shoulders down I hung in the icy water. I thought of the bottom of the pond. I knew it would be black and awful down there, full of mud and maybe rotten creatures.

I tried to climb out of the hole, but when I got a knee on the ice, it broke like window glass. Again and again I tried to get out. Again and again the ice broke into pieces. The hole widened. I was wearing a coat of heavy material. As it became completely wet, it dragged me down. I was tired of the struggle and rested with my arms stretched out on the ice.  I looked at Harry on the shore. He seemed rooted to the spot.“I can’t get out!” I screamed when I caught some breath.

注意：续写词数应为150左右。

Harry turned and ran from the pond.

 The moment I crashed through the kitchen door, sobbing, Mum rushed over.

解析：解题思路

体裁：记叙文

时态：一般过去时

原文核心内容解读：离家不远的地方有个小池塘, 冬天结冰以后, 就是孩子们的乐园。有一天, 我和哥哥Harry去玩的时候, 经不住怂恿, 在冰面上跑来跑去, 结果冰面突然裂了缝, 我掉了进去, 我很努力地想要从洞里爬出来, 但都失败了。

文章脉络

When: one winter day

Where: in the pond

Who: Harry and I

What: While I was running on the ice, it suddenly cracked. I dropped into the hole and struggled to get out, but failed.

写作思路

根据续写部分第一段的开头语“Harry turned and ran from the pond.”可知, Harry转头跑掉了, 因此第一段可以描写Harry跑掉后我的心理活动, 他是去叫人了还是丢下我不管了, 后来Harry拿了根树枝回来, 将我从冰洞里拖了出来。根据续写第二段的开头语“The moment I crashed through the kitchen door, sobbing, Mum rushed over.”可知, 这一段描写的是他们回到家看到妈妈以后的场景, 妈妈帮他换了衣服, 盖上毯子, 他们也向妈妈道了歉。

答案：One possible version:

He turned and ran from the pond. Staring at him out of sight, I wondered: “Is he running for help, or is he running away and leaving me alone?” Frightened and scared, I was anxious to climb out by myself, but failed again and again. After what seemed to be centuries, I felt despaired. Just at that moment, Harry dashed with a large branch. Crawling on his stomach, he pushed the branch toward me. The moment the branch was within reach, I grabbed it immediately and was eventually dragged out by Harry. Trembling, we headed home, with water dripping down my  clothes.;

The momentI crashed through the kitchen door, sobbing, Mum rushed over. Taking off my clothes, she gave me a quick bath and then wrapped a thick blanket over me; meanwhile, she gave me a cup of milk to warm me up. Feeling comforted and relieved, we tearfully murmured an apology to Mum, but the pond was still a temptation to Harry and me, especially when winter came again.