人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 4 Adversity and Course单元测试课后作业题

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选择性必修Book 3 Unit4 Adversity And Courage（A卷·知识通关练）
一、 重点单词和短语
（一）词性转换
1. bitter（形容词）bitterly________（副词）bitterness_________（名词）
2. qualify（动词）qualified_________ （形容词）
3. enthusiastic（形容词）enthusiasm_________（名词）enthusiastically_________（副词）
4. assign（动词）assignment________（名词）
5. envy（动词）envious_________（形容词）
6. abandon（动词）abandoned_________（形容词）
7. belong（动词）belonging_________（名词）
8. selfish（形容词）selfishness_________（名词）
9. genuine（形容词）genuinely_________（副词）
10. persevere（动词）perseverance_________（名词）
11. resolve（动词）resolution_________（名词）
12. cruel（形容词）cruelty________（名词）cruelly_________（副词）
13. thorough（形容词）thoroughly________（副词）
14. fortune（名词）fortunate_________（形容词）fortunately___________（副词）
15. advertise（动词）advertisement_________（名词）
16. rough（形容词）roughly_________（副词）
17. loyal（形容词）loyalty________（名词）loyally_________（副词）
18. commit（动词）commitment________（名词）
19. discover（动词）discovery________（名词）
20. amaze（动词）amazing/amazed__________（形容词）amazement__________（名词）
21. calm（形容词）calmness_________（名词）calmly_________（副词）
22. person（名词）personal__________（形容词）personally__________（副词）
23. manage（动词）management__________（名词）
24. crowd（名词）crowded__________（形容词）
25. imagine（动词）imagination_________（名词）
26. desperate（形容词）desperately__________（副词）
27. energy（名词）energetic__________（形容词）
28. celebrate（动词）celebration_________（名词）
29. positive（形容词）positively__________（副词）
30. warm（形容词）warmth_________（名词）warmly_________（副词）
（二）重点短语
1. ___________ 拒绝
2. ___________ 放出（热、光、气味或气体）
3. ___________ 生火
4. ___________ 被打断
5. ___________ 坚持，继续，不挂断电话
6. ___________ 对......充满热情
7. ___________ 被困在......
8. ___________ 有资格做某事
9. ___________ 充满热情
10. ___________ 妒忌某人做某事
11. ___________ 放弃做某事
12. ___________ 对......忠诚
13. ___________ 做出承诺
14. ___________ 忠于（做）某事
15. ___________ 报答，报复，偿还（欠款）
【答案】
1. turn down 2. give off 3. make fire 4. be interrupted by 5. hold on 6. be enthusiastic about 7. be stuck in 8. be qualified to do sth. 9. full of enthusiasm 10. envy sb. doing sth. 11. abandon doing sth. 12. be loyal to 13. make a commitment 14. be committed to (doing) sth. 15. pay back
二、词汇运用
（一）单词拼写
1. The crew formed an ocean expedition. They were _______ （合格的） explorers.
2. All the _______ （财物） on board，such as furniture，cupboards，stoves，blankets must be abandoned.
3. Henry Clay Frick died in 1919，leaving his house，_______（家具）and art collection to the American people.
4. Her name has been mentioned as a favoured leadership ______（候选人）.
5. The guide was so _______（热情的）that she offered me a blanket when sensing I was very cold.
6. During the voyage，the ship ______（下沉）into the sea，killing the crew.
7. ______（不幸的是），his application for the expedition was turned down.
8. Although exhausting，it gave me energy，_______（热情）and happiness.
9. They’ve paid 6 months’ rent in advance for a 2-room apartment and will give it a _______（彻底的）cleaning before moving in.
10. In Britain， if you treat animals _______（残酷），you will be taken to the court.
【答案】 1. qualified 2. belongings 3. furniture 4. candidate 5. enthusiastic 6. sank 7. Unfortunately 8. enthusiasm 9. thorough 10. cruelly
【解析】
1. 考查形容词作定语。句意：船员们组成了一支远洋探险队。他们是合格的探险家。空格后explorers是名词，由形容词修饰；“合格的”翻译为“qualified”，是形容词。故答案为qualified。
2. 考查名词复数。句意：船上的所有物品，如家具、碗柜、火炉、毛毯等必须弃置。“财物”翻译为belonging，再根据修饰词all可知，此处用名词复数，且在句中作主语。故答案为 belongings。
3. 考查不可数名词。句意：亨利·克莱·弗里克于1919年去世，他把自己的房子、家具和艺术收藏都留给了美国人民。“家具”翻译为furniture，是不可数名词，无复数形式，与his house和art collection构成并列关系。故答案为furniture。
4. 考查名词单数。句意：她的名字被认为是有利的领导候选人。“候选人”翻译为candidate，是可数名词，再根据前面的不定冠词a，可知，此处用单数名词。故答案为candidate。
5. 考查形容词作表语。句意：导游非常热情，当她感觉到我很冷时，她给了我一条毯子。“热情的”翻译为 enthusiastic，在be动词was后面作表语。故答案为enthusiastic。
6. 考查一般过去时。句意：在航行中，船沉入海中，船员全部遇难。根据During the voyage可知，句子在描述过去发生的事情，所以句子用一般过去时；“下沉”翻译为sink，其过去式是sank。故答案为sank。
7. 考查副词。句意：不幸的是，他的探险申请被拒绝了。“不幸的是”翻译为unfortunately，是副词修饰整个句子，且位于句子开头，首字母用大写开头。故答案为Unfortunately。
8. 考查名词作宾语。句意：虽然很累，但它给了我能量、热情和快乐。“热情”翻译为enthusiasm，是不可数名词，在句中与energy和happiness构成并列宾语。故答案为enthusiasm。
9. 考查形容词作定语。句意：他们已经预付了6个月的房租，租了一套两居室的公寓，在搬进去之前会把房子彻底打扫一下。“彻底的”翻译为thorough，是形容词，在句中作定语修饰名词。故答案为thorough。
10. 考查副词。句意：在英国，如果你虐待动物，你会被告上法庭。“残酷”翻译为cruelly，是副词，在句中修饰动词treat。故答案为cruelly。
（二）单句语法填空
1. He has _______ （submit）necessary certificates to prove that he is a completely qualified teacher.
2. Dozens of people still feel that they are safe when _______（belong）to a union.
3. As the saying goes，_____（bark）dogs don’t bite.
4. The manager was surprised to find his room ______（thorough）cleaned and everything arranged in perfect order.
5. Last night a huge bomb explosion _______（panic）scores of people.
6. On receiving the ______（assign），we set out to work at once.
7. Ten minutes later，they arrived at that ______（abandon）station.
8. In my opinion，you’d better put the book ______ it belongs.
9. We must find a way ______（resolve）these problems before it’s too late.
10. ______（guide）by the local farmer，we found the old house easily.
【答案】1. submitted 2. belonging 3. barking 4. thoroughly 5. panicked 6. assignment 7. abandoned 8. where 9. to resolve 10. Guided
【解析】
1. 考查现在完成时。句意：他提交了必要的证书，证明他是一名完全合格的教师。结合句意，该句用现在完成时，助动词has已经给出，动词submit的过去分词是submitted。故答案为submitted。
2. 考查现在分词作状语。句意：许多人仍然觉得加入工会是安全的。“belong to”意为“属于”，无被动语态和进行时态；句子主语people和belong to之间是主动关系，是现在分词作时间状语，也是when引导的时间状语从句的省略。故答案为belonging。
3. 考查现在分词作定语。句意：俗话说，会叫的狗不咬人。bark是动词，意为“大声嚷，吼叫”，其现在分词barking作定语修饰名词dogs。故答案为barking。
4. 考查副词。句意：经理惊奇地发现他的房间被彻底打扫了，一切都安排得井井有条。cleaned的是过去分词，由副词修饰，所给词thorough是形容词，其副词是thoroughly。故答案为thoroughly。
5. 考查一般过去时。句意：昨晚一枚巨大的炸弹爆炸使许多人惊慌失措。根据Last night 可知，句子用一般过去时，panic的过去式是panicked。故答案为panicked。
6. 考查名词。句意：一接到任务，我们就立即开始工作。根据空格前的the可知，此处用名词形式，所给词assign是动词，其名词是assignment，意为“任务”。故答案为assignment。
7. 考查过去分词作前置定语。句意：十分钟后，他们到达了那个废弃的车站。所给词abandon是动词，和station/之间是被动关系，是过去分词作前置定语；其实abandoned也可以作形容词，意为“被抛弃的”，作定语修饰后面的名词。故答案为abandoned。
8. 考查地点状语从句。句意：在我看来，你最好把书放到该放的地方去。此处是where引导的地点状语从句。故答案为where。
9. 考查不定式作后置定语。句意：我们必须在为时未晚之前找到解决这些问题的办法。way后面用不定式作后置定语。故答案为to resolve。
10. 考查过去分词作状语。句意：在当地农民的引导下，我们很容易就找到了那所老房子。句中 found是谓语动词，所以guide是非谓语动词；句子主语we和guide之间是被动关系，是过去分词作状语；位于句首，首字母用大写。故答案为Guided。
三、 重点句型
1. 正如一句谚语所说的：“入乡随俗。”（关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句）
______ ______ ______ ________，“When in Rome，do as the Romans do.”
2. 你知道，我已经找了三个月的工作了，这是我第一次正式面试。（现在完成进行时）
You know，I ______ _____ ______ ______ a job for three months，and this is my first formal interview.
3. 无论遇到什么困难，他都决心保住这份工作。（whatever引导让步状语从句）
He has determined to hold on this job ______ ______ he might run into.
4. 该团队由12名顶级医学专家组成，将与当地卫生专家分享抗击COVID-19的知识和经验。（which引导非限制性定语从句；动词短语consist of的用法）
The team，______ ______ ______ 12 top medical experts，will share knowledge and experience on fighting COVID-19 with local health experts.
5. 假如没有植物，也就不会有动物，人也就没有肉吃了。（if引导的虚拟语气）
If ______ ______ plants，we would have no animals and no meat.
【答案】1. As a saying goes 2. have been looking for 3. whatever difficulties 4. which consists of 5. there weren’t
【解析】
1. 考查关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句。“正如一句谚语所说的”翻译为as a saying goes，此处as是关系代词，意为“正如，就像......一样”，在描述一个客观事实，句子用一般现在时。故答案为As a saying goes。
2. 考查现在完成进行时。该句在描述过去发生的动作一直持续到现在，句子用现在完成进行时；“我已经找了三个月的工作了”翻译为I have been looking for a job for three months.
3. 考查让步状语从句。“无论遇到什么困难”翻译为whatever difficulties he might run into，其中whatever相当于no matter what引导让步状语从句。故答案为whatever difficulties。
4. 考查非限制性定语从句和动词短语。“由......组成”翻译为consist of，无被动语态和进行时态；The team作先行词，指物，后面的非限制性定语从句由关系代词which引导，在从句中作主语，且该句在描述一个客观事实，句子用一般现在时，The team是第三人称单数形式。故答案为which consists of。
5. 考查虚拟语气。该句是if引导的虚拟语气，与现在的事实相反，主句用would/could...+动词原形，从句用一般过去时。“假如没有植物”翻译为if there weren’t，与现在的事实相反。故答案为there weren’t。
四、语法精练
（一）单句语法填空
1. The polluted air _______（give）off by cars will do great harm to our health.
2. It happened ______ the harvest was bad that year.
3. There is evidence ______（suggest）that the trend is growing.
4. Since the time humankind started gardening，we ______（try）to make our environment more beautiful.
5. Without his generous guidance，I ______（gain）such a decent job in this international firm.
6. My offer to go on a voyage in the summer holiday got turned ____，which frustrated me.
7. _______（advertise）are a good way to sell products or services.
8. The monitor assigned us _____（make）preparations for the party the next week.
9. Once he has made a _____（resolve）to do it，you won’t get her to change his mind.
10. Hurry up! We need to get to the top of the mountain before the sun ____（sink）in the west.
【答案】1. given 2. that 3. suggesting 4. have been trying 5. wouldn’t have gained 6. down 7. Advertisements 8. to make 9. resolution 10. sinks
【解析】
1. 考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：汽车排放的污染空气对我们的健康有很大的危害。 will do 是谓语部分，所以设空处用非谓语动词，且句子主语The polluted air和give之间是被动关系，是过去分词作后置定语。故答案为given。
2. 考查固定句型。句意：那年碰巧收成不好。固定句型：It happened that...，其中it是形式主语，that引导主语从句作真正的主语。故答案为that。
3. 考查现在分词作后置定语。句意：有证据表明，这一趋势正在增长。该句是there be句型，所以设空处用非谓语动词，且 句子主语evidence 和suggest“表明”之间是主动关系，是现在分词作后置定语。故答案为suggesting。
4. 考查现在完成进行时。句意：自从人类开始园艺以来，我们一直在努力使我们的环境更美丽。句中since的意思是“自从......以来”，引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，且现在完成进行时更符合句意。故答案为have been trying。
5. 考查虚拟语气。句意：如果没有他的慷慨指导，我不可能在这家国际公司得到这么体面的工作。根据Without his generous guidance可知，此处与过去的事实相反，设空处应该是if条件句的主句部分，用would have done结构形式。故答案为wouldn’t have gained。
6. 考查动词短语。句意：我暑假去航海的提议被拒绝了，这使我很沮丧。动词短语：turn down“拒绝”；get+过去分词，意为“变得被”。故答案为down。
7. 考查名词复数，句意：广告是销售产品或服务的好方法。句子缺少主语，设空处应该用名词；所给词advertise“为......做广告”是动词，其名词是advertisement；该根据谓语动词are可知，用名词复数作主语，位于句子开头首字母用大写。故答案为Advertisements。
8. 考查动词不定式作宾语。句意：班长指派我们为下周的聚会做准备。固定搭配：assign sb. to do sth.“指派某人做某事”，其中不定式作宾语补足语。故答案为to make。
9. 考查名词作宾语。句意：一旦他下定决心要做这件事，你就无法让她改变他的主意。根据空格前的a可知，设空处用单数名词，所给词resolve是动词，其名词是resolution。故答案为resolution。
10. 考查一般现在时和主谓一致。句意：快点!我们需要在太阳西沉之前到达山顶。该句是复合句，含before引导的时间状语从句，主句是一般现在时，表示将来，则从句要用一般现在时，且从句主语是第三人称单数形式the sun.故答案为sinks。
（二）单句写作
1. 众所周知，中国是属于第三世界的国家。（主语从句；表语从句；定语从句）
_______________________________________________________________________
2. 不管发生什么，都不要放弃，总会有意想不到的风景。（让步状语从句；并列句）
_______________________________________________________________________
3. 他很累，因为他整个上午都在打扫房子。（for连接的并列句；现在完成进行时）
_______________________________________________________________________
4. 只要我们持之以恒，我们追求的东西都会一个接一个地到来。（as long as引导的条件状语从句；what引导的主语从句）
______________________________________________________________________
5. 我坚信我能胜任报纸上刊登的这份工作。（同位语从句；过去分词作后置定语）
______________________________________________________________________
【答案】
1. What is known to us is that China is a country which belongs to the Third World.
2.No matter what happens，don’t give up，and there will be unexpected scenery.
3. He’s very tired for he has been cleaning the house all the morning.
4. As long as we persevere，what we pursue will come one by one.
5. I hold the strong belief that I am qualified for the position advertised in the newspaper.
【解析】
1.考查名词性从句和定语从句。“众所周知，中国是属于第三世界的国家。”翻译为“What is known to us is that China is a country which belongs to the Third World.”，其中what在句中引导主语从句，又作主语从句的主语；that引导表语从句，在从句中只起引导作用；表语从句中 a country是先行词，后面是which/that引导的限制性定语从句；该句在描述客观事实，句子用一般现在时。故答案为What is known to us is that China is a country which belongs to the Third World.
2.考查让步状语从句。“不管发生什么，都不要放弃”翻译为No matter what happens，don’t give up，其中no matter what /whatever引导的让步状语从句；“总会有意想不到的风景”翻译为there will be unexpected scenery.是there be句型；并列连词and将含让步状语从句的复合句和there be句型连接在一起，构成并列句。故答案为No matter what happens，don’t give up，and there will be unexpected scenery.
3.考查并列句和现在完成进行时。“他很累”翻译为He’s very tired ；“他整个上午都在打扫房子”翻译为He has been cleaning the house all the morning.其中句子用现在完成进行时表示从过去开始一直在进行的动作，这里在解释“累的”原因，所以用并列连词for构成并列句。故答案为He’s very tired for he has been cleaning the house all the morning.
4.考查as long as引导的条件状语从句和what引导的主语从句。“只要我们持之以恒”翻译为as long as we persevere，as long as引导条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时态；“我们追求的东西都会一个接一个地到来”翻译为what we pursue will come one by one.其中what引导主语从句作主语，主句用一般将来时。故答案为As long as we persevere，what we pursue will come one by one.
5.考查同位语从句和过去分词作后置定语。“我坚信我能胜任报纸上刊登的这份工作”翻译为I hold the strong belief that I am qualified for the position advertised in the newspaper.其中名词belief后面是that引导的同位语从句，说明名词belief的具体内容；position和advertise之间是被动关系，是过去分词作后置定语。故答案为I hold the strong belief that I am qualified for the position advertised in the newspaper.
五、课内语法填空
An expedition ___1___ the South Pole is the adventure ____2___Perce Blackborow has been dreamed of. However，when he applied to join the expedition，he was turned down. Although not _____3___（allow）to join the expedition to the South Pole，he managed to go aboard the Endurance and worked as a steward there. Their journey didn’t go ____4___（smooth） and the ship was stuck in the ice. Before the ship was crushed ____5___sank into the sea，Shackleton gave the order to abandon the ship with the most essential supplies. The crew had to camp on ice，but with spring coming，it was dangerous to stay there.
They then sailed to Elephant Island. Things went even ___6___（bad）. Soon after their arrival，Shackleton set off for South Georgia Island to seek for help. They were cold and hungry.__7__（keep） up his spirits，Perce tried to think of happier things. However，these happy ___8___（memory） were interrupted by a sudden cold rush of air.
Perce lost his patience gradually but soon____9___（realize）his mistake thanks to Frank’s concern. He thought he should be grateful to Frank and Shackleton. Without their concern and perseverance，he would have died. It was their resolve____10___filled him with hope. Maybe they they could return home.
【答案】1. to 2. that/which 3. allowed 4. smoothly 5. and 6. worse 7.To keep 8. memories 9. realized 10. that
【解析】
1. 考查介词。句意：去南极探险是珀西·布莱克博罗梦寐以求的冒险。an expedition to...，意为“去......的一次探险”，其中to是介词。故答案为to。
2. 考查定语从句。句意：去南极探险是珀西·布莱克博罗梦寐以求的冒险。the adventure是先行词，指物，设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词，且在定语从句中作宾语。故答案为that/which。
3. 考查过去分词作状语。句意：尽管不被允许参加南极探险，他还是设法登上了“耐力号”，并在那里做了一名乘务员。此处是Although引导的让步状语从句的省略，省略了相同的主语和be动词，句子主语he和allow之间是被动关系，是过去分词作状语。故答案为allowed。
4. 考查副词。句意：他们的旅程并不顺利，船被困在冰中。句中go是动词，由副词修饰，所给词smooth是形容词，其副词是smoothly。故答案为smoothly。
5. 考查并列连词。句意：在船被压碎并沉入大海之前，沙克尔顿下令放弃这艘船，并带走了最重要的物资。此处是并列的谓语动词作before引导的时间状语从句的谓语，由并列连词and连接。故答案为and。
6. 考查比较级。句意：事情变得更糟了。even修饰比较级，加强语气；bad的比较级是worse。故答案为worse。
7. 考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意：为了振作精神，珀西试着去想一些更快乐的事情。此处是动词不定式作目的状语，句首字母用大写开头。故答案为To keep。
8. 考查名词复数。句意：然而，这些快乐的回忆被一阵突如其来的冷风打断了。根据these可知，后面用名词复数；memory的复数形式是memories。故答案为memories。
9. 考查一般过去时。句意：Perce渐渐失去了耐心，但由于Frank的关心，他很快意识到自己的错误。此处表示转折的并列连词but连接两个谓语动词， lost 和realize是并列关系，but前的lost是一般过去时，所以realize也用一般过去时。故答案为realized。
10. 考查强调句型。句意：是他们的决心使他充满了希望。固定句型：It is/was +强调部分+that...，且强调部分指人时也可用who代替that。该句强调句子主语their resolve，指物。故答案为that。
六、 书面表达
假定你是高三学生李华，暑假快到了，你打算和家人下周去杭州旅游，于是你写信和你的一位美国朋友Paul分享你的行程计划。要点如下：
1.出游的具体时间、交通方式；
2.详细的行程安排；
3.此行将会有何收获。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适加增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【参考范文】
Dear Paul,
How are you going? Next week, I'll travel to Hangzhou and I can't wait to share my travel plan with you.
I am flying there together with my family. I have planned everything perfectly. Undoubtedly, West Lake is a must-go destination. Besides, some museums, which have seen the prosperity of the city, are also attractive. And we're scheduled to visit some other places of interest.
I'm sure this trip will broaden my view and deepen my understanding to the city.
Yours,
LiHua
七、对接高考
1.阅读理解
第一节
2022新高考一卷阅读理解B篇
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away - from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time - but for him, it’s more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington. D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yer so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat.” Curtin says.
24. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?
A. We pay little attention to food waste.
B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat.
D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
25. What is a consequence of food waste according to the text?
A. Moral decline.
B. Environmental harm.
C. Energy shortage.
D. Worldwide starvation.
26. What does Curtin’s company do?
A. It produces kitchen equipment.
B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C. It helps local farmers grow fruits.
D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.
27. What does Curtin suggest people do?
A. Buy only what is needed.
B. Reduce food consumption.
C. Go shopping once a week.
D. Eat in restaurants less often.
【答案】24—27BBDA
【解析】
24. B推理判断题。通过对题目的分析可知，题目以例子为题干的条件，考查例子所证明的观点。根据题干分析，定位到文章第一段。第一段讲述了作者无意中浪费了芝麻菜的经历，从中可以得知即使作者和大多数人一样会特别注意浪费实物的问题，但是仍会无意中出现浪费食物的情况，这与第一段第一句对应。 所以B 我们有时会无意中浪费实物为正确选项。A 我们很少注意到浪费实物的情况；C 我们浪费蔬菜多于肉类；D 我们有充分的理由浪费食物。分析例证题时，一定要明确例证是证明观点的。观点句可以从文句去找，或者进行概括。
25.  B.细节理解题。从文章第三段第一二句“Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem.”可知生产无人食用的食物会浪费水、燃料和其他用于种植的资源。这就使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题，故B 环境危害为正确选项。A 道德沦丧；C 能源短缺 ；D全球饥荒。
26.  D.细节理解题。从文章第四段第三句“Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington. D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. ”可知Curtin是华盛顿DC Central Kitchen的首席执行官，而DC Central Kitchen是回收食物并将其转化为健康的膳食的一家公司。故D它用不需要的食物做饭为正确选项。A 它生产厨房设备；B 它把腐烂的芝麻菜变成清洁能源；C 它帮助当地农民种植水果。
27.  A.细节理解题。从文章最后一段 Curtin 所说的话“Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat.”可知他认为“每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是在每周购物时不购买超过必要数量的食物，还是要求餐厅不要提供你不会吃的配菜。”可知A选项只购买所需东西为正确选项。B减少食物消耗；C每周去购物一次；D减少在餐馆吃饭的次数。
2021新高考一卷阅读理解B篇
By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova—not as a musician but as her page turner. “I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.”
Mr. Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group’s official page turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.
“A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.” Mr. Titterton explained.
Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and required up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need to practice with their page turner.
But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. “I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand,” Mr. Titterton said, “Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back.”
Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Mr. Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage.
“My husband is the worst page turner,” she laughed. “He’s interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say: ‘Turn, turn!’ Robert is the best page turner I’ve had in my entire life.”
【答案】24—27ACBD
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了Robert Titterton如何成为一名熟练的乐谱翻页员（page turner） 的故事。
24. A 细节理解题。根据第一段中最后一句“I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance.”可知，要成为翻页员，要能够读懂乐谱。故选A。其它三项不合题意。
25. C 概括归纳题。题意是描述Titterton在舞台上的工作。根据第三段“A lot of skills are needed for the job.”可知，在舞台上做乐谱翻页员，是需要多项技能的，也就是要求高的 。故选C。
26. B 细节理解题。题意为Titterton需要练习什么。A项意为“数页数”；B项意为“辨识‘点头’”；C项意为“抓住下落的物体” ；D项意为“以自己的方式行动”。根据第四段中最后一句“Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of “nodding” to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner. ”可知，只有B项合乎题意。故选B。
27. D 推理判断题。题意为“Ms Raspopova为何说她的丈夫是不太好的翻页员 ”。根据最后一段第二句 “He’s interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say: ‘Turn, turn!’ 暗含的意思推断，由于他的丈夫对音乐感兴趣，感受每一个音符，总是忘记翻页。故选D。
2020年高考英语全国一卷阅读理解A篇
Train Information
All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket information，please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.
While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled，there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services.
Lost property（失物招领）
Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services.
The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located（位于）at Roma Street station.
Public holidays
On public holidays, generally a Sunday timetable operates. On certain major event days，i.e.
Australia Day, Anzac Day, sporting and cultural days, special additional services may operate.
Christmas Day services operate to a Christmas Day timetable，Before travel please visit translink. com. au or call TransLink on 13 12 30 anytime.
Customers using mobility devices
Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms.
For assistance, please QueenslandRail on 13 16 17.
Guardian trains (outbound)

21. What would you do get ticker information?
A. Call 13 16 17
B. Visit translink .com.au.
C. Ask at the local station.
D. Check the train schedule.
22. At which station can you find the lost property office?
A. Altandi.
B. Roma Street.
C. Varsity Lakes
D. Fortitude Valley.
23. Which train would you take if you go from Central to Varsity Lakes?
A.6:42 pm
B.7:29 pm
C.8:57 pm.
D.11:02 pm.
【答案】21—23CBB
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些火车信息，包括失物招领、公共假期安排以及列车出发时间等信息。人与自我，人与社会----社会服务机构的主题。三道都为细节信息题，考查学生获取事实性信息的能力，适合定位法。
21.C 细节理解题。根据第一段中“For ticket information, please ask your local stationor call 131230. ”查询车票信息，请向您当地的车站询问或拨打131230”可知，你可以询问当地车站或拨打131230来获得车票信息。故选C。
22. B细节理解题。根据Lost property部分中“The lost property office is open Monday to Friday7:30am to 5:00pm and is located at Roma Street station. （失物招领处周一至周五早上7:30到下午5:00营业，位于罗马街车站。）”可知，在Roma Street你可以找到失物招领办公室。故选B。
23. B细节理解题。根据Guardian trains部分中信息，从起始地Central出发，开往目的地Varsity Lakes的火车是下午7:29开车。由此可知，如果你要从Central去往Varsity Lakes，你应当乘坐下午7:29的火车。故选B。
第二节 七选五
2021 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新高考 I 卷）
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.____36____So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.
The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing ( 水 管 ) worked. ____37____Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes,” in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it.
Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. ____38____ French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
____39____ On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!
In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency.
You can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always crowded.____40____When do these people work? The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously — so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.
A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
【答案】36—40FCGEA
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了作者夫妇两人在巴黎居住的感受。首先，作者介绍了她住的房子；其次，说明了巴黎人生活非常精致的原因；最后，说明法国人对待生活的态度，相较于工作效率他们更看重生活品质。
36.F上文“My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.(我丈夫和我刚在巴黎待了一周)”说明了背景；下文“So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard.(所以我们做的第一件事就是租了一个非常昂贵公寓，在第六层，只有一个橱柜那么大)”是空格处的结果，因此空格处需要填原因；根据F项“Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.(我们的目标是看看我们是否在某种程度上可以活的像巴黎人。)”可知，作者要在巴黎住下来，所以需要租房子，两句构成因果关系。故选F项。
37.C上文“The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though.(不过，这个地方并不是地道的法国住房)”是段落的中心句，说明第二段主要内容是讲解公寓的情况。下文提到了楼宇和电梯的情况。C项“There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.(有一个漂亮的厨房和一张舒适的床)”提到了厨房和床，这些都属于公寓的配置。故选C项。
38.G上文“... they eat great food and never gain weight.(他们吃得很好，而且从不发胖)”提及了食物。下文“French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.(法国草莓尝起来不像纸板。相反，它们会像小炸弹一样在你嘴里爆炸)”在说明法国的草莓很好吃。上下文结合可知，因为法国的食物质量很高，所以不用吃很多就能很满足，同时吃的少也就不会发胖了。G项“The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy. (食物是如此美味，你不需要吃太多就能使你快乐)”符合语境要求。故选G项。
39.E第三段主要描述了作者夫妻去了采购了食物，买了草莓。下文“My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!(我丈夫和我都认为这是我们吃过的最好的水果。但它们要18美元!)”说明法国的水果好吃但是也很贵。选项E“That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.(这并不是法国人吃得比我们少的唯一原因)”承接了上一段关于法国人吃的少但是不胖的话题，同时引起下文，给出了法国人吃的少的另一个原因‘物价贵’。故选E项。
40.A根据上文“In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency (效率). You can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always crowded. (在法国生活质量比效率更重要。这一点你能从咖啡馆生活看出来。法国的咖啡厅总是很拥挤)”可知，上文说明了法国人对待工作不是很积极且咖啡厅里顾客很多。下文“When do these people work?(这些人什么时候工作？)”是一个问句，说明本句属于过渡句，承接上文说明咖啡厅里的造成拥挤的客人的情况，A选项中有“customer”符合咖啡馆的情境设定，同时讲述了不是所有的客人都是游客，那么意味着大部分人都是当地人，符合下文的提问。故选A项。
2.语法填空
2021年全国卷（新1）语法填空真题
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. _____56_____ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we _____57_____ (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will _____58_____ (undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the _____59_____ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is—always leaving us _____60_____ (astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it _____61_____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure _____62_____ offers a place where you can sit down to rest your _____63_____ (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in _____64_____ (I). While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is _____65_____ must to visit!
【答案】56. What 57. humans 58. undoubtedly 59. hotter 60. astonished 61. was 62. and 63. aching 64. mine 65. a
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。记述了作者到黄山旅游的所见所闻，所感所想。游览黄山使得作者想起了披头士的歌曲“The Long and Winding Road”，美到窒息的景色，山顶山看到翻滚的云海，显得渺小的人类。山脚下的温泉，让人清爽；气温越冷而温泉越热的奇特景象，让人不可思议；连续不断的石头台阶，石料当年是怎样搬运上山的；这些不同寻常的东西，使得旅途更为惊险，也为歇脚提供了地方。正如那首歌所唱，游历黄山的经历牢记在记忆中。到了中国，黄山是必游之地。
56. What [解析] 空格内没有词, 考点为: 冠词,介词,连词. 又因为空格在句首, 优先考虑从句连接词, 又因为主句不完整,从句不完整, 故考虑名词性从句; 又因为缺物, 故填What, 在句首,注意大写。
57. humans[解析]空格内是名词, 考点为: 复数, 词性转换, 名词所有格. 此空为we的同位语, 故答案为:humans。
58. undoubtedly[解析] 空格内为形容词, 考点为: 副词或者比较级最高级. 又因为修饰动词help, 故答案为副形式, undoubtedly。
59. hotter[解析] 空格内为形容词, 考点为: 副词或者比较级最高级. 本题考察:the + 比较级; the +比较级的结构;答案为hotter。
60. astonished[解析] 空格内为动词, 考点为:谓语或者非谓语. 本题考察非谓语中~ing与~ed的区别, 修饰人,用ed形式,故答案为:astonished。
61. was[解析]空格内为动词, 考点为:谓语或者非谓语. 本题考查how引导的感叹句,故使用谓语形式, 提示词then指的是那个时候,表示过去的某个时间, 故答案为: was。
62. and[解析]空格内没有词, 考点为: 冠词,介词,连词. 此题较难, 考察平行并列结构. still it highlights the whole adventure ______(62) offers a place... 故答案为and。
63. aching[解析]空格内为动词, 考点为:谓语或者非谓语. 本题考察非谓语中~ing与~ed的区别, aching表示正在疼痛的, 故答案为aching。
64. mine[解析] 空格内为代词, 考点为: 代词的正确形式. 根据句意, 64空应该含义为 my memory, 故答案是 mine。
65. a[解析]空格内没有词, 考点为: 冠词,介词,连词. a must,含义为一个必须去的地方, 故答案为:must。