高中英语人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第一册Unit 1 People of Achievement课后测评

Unit 1 People of achievement

Review（解析版）

Ⅰ. 根据所给单词的适当形式填空

1. In terms of research, it is necessary for us to stick to the ___________ (academy) cautiousness.

2. It is therefore unreasonable to make a ___________ (distinct) when it comes to a woman’s right to preserve her eggs.

3. Before 2015, our party ___________ (acknowledge) the achievements made by the cooperation and supported the continuous wider cooperating in the future.

4. They have ___________ (apparent) achieved broader and deeper agreements on how further promotion on ecology should be approached.

5. It is reported that some Taiwan songstresses share the same ___________(passionate) for love and romance—even though it’s full of uncertainty and can break your heart.

6. The old man is said to ___________(commit) crime in the room beside our school laboratory 2 decades ago.  

7. The government declared financial assistance would be ___________(obtain) by those in the employment training courses.  

8. Around ten years later, English had ___________ (gradual) taken the place of Russian as a subject in secondary school teaching.

9. ___________(consequence), it is natural for those countries to pay attention to the economic development.

10. It means digital healthcare companies ___________ (encounter) fewer obstacles when developing new products and services after 5 years.  

答案：1. academic  2. distinction  3. acknowledged  4. apparently  5. passion
   6. to commit 7. be obtained  8. gradually   9. Consequently 10.will encounter

Ⅱ. 选词填空

die from; sum up;  come to power;  take up;  as a consequence of;  stand on end;  as though; insist on;  find out;  draw a conclusion; graduate from;  get stuck;  lead to;

1. “The error, if not checked, could ______________ a overall disaster. ” he said.  

2. If you ever ______________, ask around for help until you are able to complete a given task.  

3. Up to half of all smokers will ______________ a tobacco-related disease.  

4. They need to interview some people and ______________ if they like their jobs.  

5. ______________ USA, Qian Xueshen managed to come back home to serve our motherland.  

6. Ma Yun ______________ retiring and trying to have a change of his life last year.  

7. You had better keep on trying if you find it difficult to _______________.

8. As the situation has changed, it is necessary ______________ the practical experience of the current regulations.  

9. Emperor Kang Xi took a series of measures to develop the nation’s economy after_______________.

10. _______________, there is a growing recognition that the path to prosperity must be built on a solid foundation of good governance.

答案：1. lead to    2. get stuck   3. die from    4. find out              
5. Having graduated from  6. insisted on  7. draw a conclusion  8. to sum up
9. coming into power  10. Throughout the world

Ⅲ. 阅读理解  

A

The Nobel Prize is considered one of the most recognizable and admirable awards possible, honoring people of the world for their outstanding achievements in different fields.

Alfred Nobel was born in 1833 to a family of engineers in Stockholm, Sweden. Nobel as a young man studied with Nikolai Zinin, a well-known chemist. In 1850, he met Ascanio Sobrero, the inventor of nitroglycerin (炸药) in Paris. Interested in its unpredictable nature of exploding under pressure or heat, Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a usable explosive(炸药). In 1857 he applied for his first patent (专利), an English patent for a gas meter. After years of efforts, in 1867, at the age of 34, Nobel invented dynamite(炸药), which is much easier and safer to control than nitroglycerin. Dynamite was an immediate business success and it was patented in the US and the UK and was widely used in mining.

During his lifetime, Nobel invented and patented various explosives. He built up his wealth from his 355 inventions, from which dynamite was the most important.

When Alfred’s brother Ludwig died in 1888, a French newspaper mistakenly published Alfred’s obituary (讣告). Reading his own obituary, Nobel was disappointed to find out his public image(形象). The newspaper strongly blamed(责备) Nobel for inventing dynamite, giving him the nickname of “the merchant of death” and saying “Dr.  Alfred Nobel, who became rich by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday. ”

To Alfred, this obituary was a warning. He spent his lifetime alone inventing things and was deeply concerned with how he would be remembered. This unfortunate event inspired him to make changes in his will(遗嘱), so as to improve his public image, and to be remembered for a good cause.

In 1895, one year before his death, Nobel made the last will, saying clearly that his wealth would be used to create a series of prizes for those who have made great contributions to mankind in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. To widespread astonishment, Dr. Alfred Nobel gave away 94% of his total wealth to found the five Nobel Prizes.

1. According to Paragraph 2, what led to Nobel’s outstanding achievements?

A. The valuable help from his family.

B. The strong desire to make money.

C. His lifetime dream of achieving success.

D. His great curiosity and devotion to science.

2. What was Alfred Nobel’s attitude towards the newspaper’s obituary?

A. Upset. 　　　　　　　　　 B. Supportive.

C. Optimistic.      D. Satisfied

3. Why did Nobel give away most of his wealth to set up the Nobel Foundation?

A. To publish his findings of scientific research.

B. To improve his public image.

C. To be remembered as the “Merchant of Death”.

D. To prove the importance of his inventions.

答案：DAB

【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了创立了诺贝尔奖的Alfred Nobel的生平故事。

1. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第二段的Interested in its unpredictable nature of exploding under pressure or heat, Nobel started to find a way to control it and make a usable explosive. 诺贝尔对其在压力或高温下爆炸的不可预测性很感兴趣, 于是开始寻找控制它的方法, 并制造出一种可用的炸药。可知对科学的好奇心和献身精神让诺贝尔取得了杰出成就。
2. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第四段的Reading his own obituary, Nobel was disappointed to find out his public image. 读到自己的讣告后, 诺贝尔对自己的公众形象感到失望。由此可推之, 诺贝尔对报纸的讣告的态度是沮丧的(upset)。
3. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第五段的This unfortunate event inspired him to make changes in his will,  so as to improve his public image,  这一不幸事件促使他改变了自己的遗嘱, 为了去改善自己的公众形象, 故可知诺贝尔把他的大部分财富捐给了诺贝尔基金会的原因是为了改善他的公众形象。

B

When 45-year-old Randy Pausch was diagnosed with pancreatic (胰腺)cancer, he chose to focus on living rather than dying. As a computer science professor at Carnegie Mellon University, Pausch was asked to deliver a “last lecture”. This well-known campus tradition allowed professors to share worldly wisdom with students as if they were dying and had one last lecture to give.

The only difference in Pausch’s case is that Pausch really was dying, but it only motivated him more. He delivered his last lecture, “Really Achieving Your Childhood Dreams” on Sept. 18, 2007.

Pausch began by sharing several of his boyhood dreams, some of which he had achieved and the others he hadn’t. He described the importance of having dreams and how anyone can still learn a lot by reaching for those dreams, even if they don’t always succeed.  He shared the values learned through experience, which he hoped to pass on to others hard work,  honesty,  laughter and gratitude.

Pausch’s last lecture received a great deal of praise and attention. It became a crazy YouTube hit, and in October 2007, he presented an abridged (删节的)version on “The Oprah Winfrey Show”. He turned the lecture into a book by the same name, which quickly became a best-seller. Readers were deeply moved by the book’s representation of Pausch’s lifelong philosophy and the way it revealed the biggest source of his motivation—his three young children.

Pausch passed away on July 25, 2008, but his voice lives on in the recorded lecture and his book.  He continues to motivate us all by encouraging us to never give up our childhood dreams—a source of inspiration that can never run dry.

4. Why was Pausch asked to give his “last lecture”?

A. To teach the students.

B. To make him have a better he.

C. To cure his cancer.

D. To achieve his dream.

5. What was Pausch’s lecture mainly about?

A. His private life in boyhood.

B. Having dreams and good values.

C. The reason for his success.

D. The experience learned from others.

6. Which of the following motivated Pausch most?

A. His dreams. 　　　　　　 B. His children.

C. His work.       D. His students.

7. What can be the best title for the text?

A. Keep on Dreaming    B. The Meaning of Life

C. Motivation from Life   D. Give the Last Lecture

答案：ABBA

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文, 讲述了身患胰腺癌的Pausch教授做最后的演讲激励我们不要放弃自己的梦想。

4.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Pausch was asked to deliver a “last lecture”. This well-known campus tradition allowed professors to share worldly wisdom with students as if they were dying and had one last lecture to give. ”可知, Pausch教授被要求做一次最后的演讲是为了与学生们分享世俗的智慧, 也就是为了教育学生。

5. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He described the importance of having dreams and how anyone can still learn a lot by reaching for those dreams, even if they don’t always succeed.  He shared the values learned through experience, which he hoped to pass on to others hard work,  honesty,  laughter and gratitude. ”可知, Pausch在演讲中讲述了拥有梦想的重要性以及通过追求梦想学到的努力、诚实、乐观和感恩等, 也就是说他的演讲主要是关于拥有梦想和良好的价值观。

6. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“it revealed the biggest source of his motivation—his three young children. ”可知, Pausch的三个孩子给他的动力最大。

7.【解析】选A。主旨大意题。根据文章内容, 特别是最后一段中的“He continues to motivate us all by encouraging us to never give up our childhood dreams—a source of inspiration that can never run dry. ”可知, 本文讲述了身患胰腺癌的Pausch教授做最后一次的演讲激励我们不要放弃自己的梦想。

IV.  七选五

根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Imagine that you are in a remote village somewhere with no medical clinic. 　1　 Once the doctors get to you, they examine you and take blood samples, but they won’t be able to help you until they take the samples back to the hospital to find out what is wrong. 　2　. Thanks to engineer Andy Ozcan, many people may never be in this situation. He has invented an app that turns your mobile phone into a diagnostic (诊断的) tool.  

Ozcan’s invention is important because it is very accurate and easy to use. In many remote places, even if doctors have microscopes and other instruments to help them make diagnoses, there may still be other problems. Many doctors, for example, don’t have enough training to correctly interpret what they see. 　3　. With Ozcan’s mobile phone app, health workers can take a special photo of a blood sample and send it to a central computer at a hospital. The computer will then automatically interpret the photo and send a diagnosis back in a few minutes.  

　4　. His technology only requires a mobile phone and an Internet connection. As more than four billion people already have cell phones, the cost of establishing the diagnostic system is fairly low.  

By inventing a medical tool that uses existing technology—mobile phones—Ozcan has developed a medical tool that is both practical and economical. Therefore, it can be effectively almost anywhere. 　5　 .

A. As a result, they may diagnose illnesses incorrectly.

B. People are trying to reduce the cost of this new medical tool.

C. This tool has become much more popular all around the world.

D. Another reason that Ozcan’s invention is important is that it is inexpensive.

E. You become very sick and must wait days until a mobile medical unit arrives to help.

F. Ozcan’s simple, cost-effective tool might just save millions of lives around the world.

G. Even though you may only have a simple infection, you might die because of the delay.

答案：EGADF

【文章大意】本文为说明文。主要介绍了安迪·奥兹坎发明的一种将手机变成一种诊断工具的应用程序。这种发明很精确并易于使用。这种经济又实惠的医疗工具可以在世界的任何地方使用, 能拯救全世界数百万人的生命。

1. 【解析】选E。根据上文“想象一下, 你在一个偏僻的村庄, 没有医疗诊所”及下句“一旦医生找到你, 他们会给你检查并取血样, 但是直到他们把血样带回医院, 找出问题所在, 他们才能帮助你”可推断出生病了要等几天医疗队才来看病。分析选项可知E项符合题意。

2. 【解析】选G。根据上文的内容“如果你生病要等好几天医生才来看病, 并送医院检查才能诊断。可推断出”即使只是简单的小感染, 可能也会因为耽搁而死”, 分析选项可知G项符合题意。

3. 【解析】选A。根据上文“In many remote places. . . there may still be other problems. Many doctors, for example, don’t have enough training to correctly interpret what they see. ”可知, “在许多偏远的地方, 即使医生有仪器帮忙, 仍然会出现其他问题。例如, 许多医生没有足够的培训来正确解释他们所看到的”, 由此可判断出“这样可能会出现误诊”, 分析选项可知A项(因此, 他们可能错误地诊断疾病)符合题意。

4. 【解析】选D。第二段说Ozcan的发明重要的一个原因, 这儿应当是另一个原因。分析选项可知D项(奥兹坎的发明重要的另一个原因是它很便宜)应该是正确的。把D放入文中, 符合题意。可知本小题是这一段的主题句。根据本段的内容可知“Ozcan的发明成本相当低”。D项与本段有词的复现, inexpensive即为fairly low。

5. 【解析】选F。根据上文Ozcan has developed a medical tool that is both practical and economical. Therefore, it can be effectively almost anywhere“奥兹坎研制了既实用又经济的医疗工具。因此, 它几乎可以在任何地方都有效”由此可推断出这种简单的、成本低的工具可以在全世界救人, 分析选项可知F项(奥兹坎的简单、有效的工具可能会拯救全世界数百万人的生命)符合题意。

V.书面写作

你校准备在新建的“名人长廊”中为每一位名人画像配上英语介绍, 以便让同学们有更多的机会学习英语。请你根据以下信息写一篇80词左右介绍郎平的短文。

1. 郎平, 1960年12月10日出生于天津市。1973年, 13岁的郎平开始练习打排球;

2. 1978年, 因在全国排球比赛中表现突出, 进入国家队;

3. 从1980年起, 郎平获得很多荣誉;

4. 退役后, 郎平成为排球教练。2016年, 郎平带领中国女排, 时隔12年, 在里约奥运会(the Rio Olympic Games)上获得金牌;

5. 郎平是中国第一个作为球员和教练员均夺取过奥运会冠军的排球运动员。

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【参考范文】

Lang Ping, who was born on 10th, Dec. 1960 in Tianjin, is a famous volleyball coach and we all admire her very much. She began to play volleyball at the age of 13. She joined the national team because of her excellent performance in the national volleyball game in 1978. She was so hard-working that she won a lot of awards from 1980 on. After she retired from the volleyball team, she became a volleyball coach. In 2016 she took the Chinese Women Volleyball team to take part in the Rio Olympic Games and won the gold medal. She is the first Chinese volleyball player to win the Olympic championship as a player and coach.

VI. 阅读下面短文, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。

Yoghurt

　　It was a rough week. The price of oil skyrocketed as the temperature dropped sharply in Maine. We were looking at a high of eight degrees that week, and I had missed three days of work so my paycheck was going to be lower than normal. I was stressed, to say the least. I shopped strategically, looking for every possible way to cut pennies so I could buy groceries and keep the house warm.

　　My eight-year-old son didn’t understand when I told him we were struggling that week. He wanted a special kind of yoghurt, but I didn’t have the extra three dollars to buy it for him. It was the kind of yoghurt with a cartoon kid riding a skateboard on the front of the box, and a mere two spoonfuls in each cup. It was the kind of product that wastes a parent’s money and makes me hate advertising.

　　I felt guilty as a parent when those big eyes looked at me with confusion, as if to say, “It’s just yoghurt. What’s the big deal? ” So I found a way. I put something back as single mothers often do. He got his yoghurt.

　　On the way driving back from the grocery store, I noticed a homeless man holding a sign by the side of the road. My heart hurt, and I tried not to look at him. I watched people stay away from him on the street and walk by without even meeting his eyes. My son didn’t seem to care much, either. I looked at the man closely then— bare hands grasping a piece of cardboard, snot (鼻涕)frozen to his face, a worn-out jacket. And there I was struggling because I had to buy oil and groceries. But I decided to help him. I pulled over to the man and handed him a five-dollar bill.

　　Seeing this, my son became confused and surprised.

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On that day, my son performed an act that most adults wouldn’t have done.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【参考范文】

　　High school exit tests have been cancelled in some states in America in recent years. This is not surprising because studies show they do little good to students. Instead of ensuring college readiness and academic success, they actually don’t measure what should be measured. Therefore, exit test scores should only be one part of the standards of high school diplomas.