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高中英语人教版 (新课标)必修1&2Unit 4 Wildlife Protection优秀学案设计
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这是一份高中英语人教版 (新课标)必修1&2Unit 4 Wildlife Protection优秀学案设计，共13页。
精讲
年级：高一年级 科目：英语 类型：同步
知识点：词汇拓展
contain vt. 包含；容纳；容忍；克制(强烈的感情等)；抑制
(教材P26)It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes.
它含有一种强效的药物可以防止蚊虫叮咬。
contain oneself 克制自己
container n. 容器，集装箱；货柜
①(2014·高考江西卷·阅读表达)In South Africa there is a safari park，which contains all sorts of wild animals. . . 在南非的一个野生动物园里有各种各样的野生动物……
②As far as I know，the hall can contain/hold/seat 3,000 people.
据我所知，这个大厅可以容纳3 000人。
③On hearing the rude words，he could not contain_himself with anger.
一听到这些粗鲁的话，他不禁火冒三丈。
[易混辨析] include，contain
include
包括，侧重被包含者只是整体中的一部分。
contain
包括，侧重“整体内有”，指在某一范围或容器内能容纳某物。不用于进行时态。
【活用】——用上述单词完成下列小片段
The container ________ many kinds of fruits，________ apples/apples included.
答案：contains；including
mercy n. 仁慈；宽恕；怜悯
(教材P26)Farmers hunted us without mercy.
农民们毫不留情地捕杀我们。
(1)
(2)at the mercy of. . . 任由……摆布
①Maybe we should tell the truth and beg for mercy.
也许我们该说出事实真相，请求原谅。
②(朗文)Having lost engine power，the boat’s crew found themselves at_the_mercy_of the wind. 在失去引擎动力之后，船员们发现自己只能任凭风力摆布了。
熟词生义
It was a mercy that the whole family survived the earthquake. (幸运)
affect vt. 影响；感动；侵袭
(教材P26)It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes.
它含有一种强效的药物可以防止蚊虫叮咬。
(1)be greatly/deeply affected by被……深深
打动
be affected by heat/cold 中暑/着凉
be affected with high fever 发高烧
(2)effect n. 作用；影响
have an effect/influence on 对……产生
影响
①(2014 ·高考陕西卷·阅读理解)Now a research by Cornell University suggests how life style and decisions about eating may affect weight.
现在，康奈尔大学的一个研究表明，生活方式以及对待饮食的决定是如何影响人的体重的。
②Around 540 million people are affected by secondhand smoke，which causes 100,000 deaths per year.
大约5亿4千万人受二手烟的影响，每年造成10万人死亡。
③Television has_an_effect_on young people，which many teachers worry about.
电视对年轻人有影响，这使许多老师很担心。
【活用1】——完成句子
听众被深深地打动了，他们长时间热烈地鼓掌。
The audience ____________________，and they warmly applauded for a long time.
答案：were/was deeply affected
【活用2】——句式升级
(1)________________，the audience warmly applauded for a long time. (用affect的过去分词形式作状语改写活用1)
(2)The audience，________________warmly applauded for a long time. (用affect的过去分词形式作定语改写活用1)
答案：(1)Deeply affected (2)deeply affected
appreciate vt. 鉴赏；感激；意识到，欣赏
(教材P26)You should pay more attention to the rainforest where I live and appreciate how the animals live together. 你应该多关注我居住的热带雨林，并欣赏一下动物们是如何在一起生活的。
(1)appreciate＋n. /pron. /v. ing
重视/感激……
I would appreciate it if. . .
假如……，我将不胜感激
(2)appreciation n. 欣赏；感激
①(2014·高考辽宁卷·短文改错)We appreciate your apologies and goodwill，but we hope that you can figure out a good way of settling the matter.
你的道歉和好意我们心领了，但我们希望你能想出解决这个问题的好方法。
②(2013·高考新课标全国卷Ⅱ·满分作文)I would appreciate_it_if you could sell the knots for 10 dollars each.
如果你们能以每个10美元的价格卖这些中国结，我将不胜感激。
③Here I sincerely express my appreciation if you could help find the lost suitcase.
如果你能帮我找到丢失的箱子，我会真诚地表达我的感激之情。
【温馨提示】
(1)当appreciate，hate，dislike，love，like，depend on等词后接宾语从句时，一般先加it，再接宾语从句。
(2) appreciate作“感谢；感激”讲时，其宾语不能是人，只能是事物；如果表示“感激某人”常用thank。
熟词生义
We appreciate the danger ahead. (意识到)
succeed vi. 成功；继承 vt. 接替；继任
(教材P27)What must be done if wildlife protection is to succeed 如果野生动物保护计划要想成功的话必须要做什么？
(1)succeed in (doing) sth. 成功地做某事
succeed to sth. 继承……
succeed sb. as 接替某人成为……
(2)successful adj. 成功的
be successful in (doing) sth.
成功地做某事
(3)success n．[U]成功；成就
[C]成功的人或事物
①It never occurred to me that you could succeed_in_persuading him to change his mind.
我从未想过你会成功地劝说他改变主意。
②He had to succeeded to the business when his father passed away.
当他父亲去世时他不得不继承他父亲的事业。
③(2013·高考福建卷·书面表达)Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success.
父母为孩子安排好一切，不遗余力地为他们的成功铺平道路。
【活用】——用succeed的相关词语完成下列小片断
When he was only 20 years old，Zhang Hua(1)________his father________the general manager of a big shoe company. Although things were difficult at the beginning，he(2)________overcoming all the difficulties，and increase his share of the market(3)________．Everyone said Zhang Hua was a (4)________in business.
答案：(1)succeeded；as (2)succeeded in
(3)successfully (4)success
employ vt. 利用(时间，精力等)；雇用；使忙于，使从事于 n．使用；雇佣
(教材P27)Can they be employed to work in the park and not hurt the animals？ 他们可以被雇用在公园工作而且不伤害这些动物吗？
(1)employ sb. to do sth. 雇用某人做某事
employ oneself in 从事于；忙于
be employed in 从事于；花费(时间)
(2)employee n. 受雇者，雇工，雇员
(3)employer n. 雇主
①If I am lucky enough to be employed，I will spare no effort to repay you for your trust.
一旦有幸被雇用，我将用最大的努力和出色的工作报答您的信任。
②It would be hard for me to get employed(employ) by such a large company. 被一家那样的大公司雇用对我而言是一件很难的事情。
③Mary has_been_employed_in_making preparations for the trip all the afternoon.
整个下午，玛丽都在忙着准备这次旅行。
【活用1】——完成句子
她忙着给花浇水，没有注意到发生的一切。
She ______________________the flowers，so she did not notice what was happening.
答案：was employed/employed herself in watering
【活用2】——句式升级
________________，she did not notice what was happening. (用过去分词短语作状语改写活用1)
________________，she did not notice what was happening. (用现在分词短语作状语改写活用1)
答案：Employed in watering the flowers；Employing herself in watering the flowers
harm n．伤害；损害
vt. 损害；危害
(教材P27)What should be done to punish people who do harm to the animals?
对那些伤害动物的人该怎么处罚？
(1)do/cause harm to 对……造成伤害
do sb. harm＝do harm to sb.
伤害某人；对某人有害
mean no harm 无恶意
There is no harm in doing. . .
做某事无害处
(2)harmful adj. 有害的，造成伤害的
be harmful to. . . 对……有害
①(2013·高考安徽卷·书面表达)These days，breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon，causing serious harm to life and the environment.
最近这段日子，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见，对生活和环境造成了极大的危害。
②It makes our school dirty and unpleasant，and does_harm_to the image of our school.
这使我们学校又脏又令人不快，也损害了学校形象。
③(朗文)The dogs look fierce，but they wouldn’t harm anyone. 这些狗看起来很凶猛，但不会伤人。
【活用】——一句多译
众所周知，观看暴力电视节目真的对孩子有害。
(1)As we know，watching violence on TV really ________________. (harm vt. )
(2)As we know，watching violence on TV really ____________________. (harm n．)
(3)As we know，watching violence on TV __________________. (harmful)
答案：(1)harms children (2)does harm to children/does children harm
(3)is really harmful to children
die out 灭亡；逐渐消失
(教材P25)As a result these endangered animals may even die out.
结果，这些濒危动物甚至可能会消亡。
(1)die away (声音；光线等)逐渐消失
die of/from 因……而死
die down 减弱；平息
die off 相继死亡
(2)be dying for 很想要；渴望
be dying to do sth.
极想干某事
①(2014·高考新课标全国卷Ⅰ·阅读理解)In fact，half of the 6,000－7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century，according to UNESCO.
根据联合国教科文组织的说法，到下个世纪，在全球所说的6000－7000种语言当中很有可能有一半的语言将逐渐消失。
②Many traditional customs have died_out because they are out of date.
因为过时，许多传统风俗已经逐渐消失。
③The rain remained steady though the wind had died_down.
尽管风势已经减弱，雨还是下个不停。
④After walking in the desert for such a long time，he was dying for a drink.
在沙漠里走了很长时间，他非常想喝水。
protect. . . from 保护……不受……(危害)
(教材P26)I’m protecting myself from mosquitoes.
我保护自己不被蚊子咬到。
(1)protect. . . against 保护……以防……
(2)阻止……做……
①(2014·高考辽宁卷·七选五)Vitamins C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health.
维生素C和E能保护视力，促进眼睛健康。
②It is their duty to protect_their_friends_against the enemy.
保护朋友不受敌人的伤害是他们的责任。
③The heavy rain carrying out the plan on time.
大雨使得我们不能按时实施计划。
④(2013·高考福建卷·满分作文)At the same time，parents are giving their children too much protection.
同时，父母给孩子的保护太多了。
【温馨提示】 以上短语在被动语态里from均不可省去，而在主动语态中，与stop/prevent搭配的from可以省略。
⑤Something must be done to keep/prevent/stop the environment from_being_polluted.
必须采取措施保护环境免受污染。
pay attention to 注意，留意
(教材P26)You should pay more attention to the rainforest where I live and appreciate how the animals live together. 你应该多关注我居住的雨林并欣赏一下动物们是如何在一起生活的。
draw/attract/catch one’s attention
引起某人的注意
turn one’s attention to 把注意力转移到……
fix/focus/concentrate one’s attention on
把注意力集中在……
devote one’s attention to 把注意力放在……
①You speak English well，but more attention should be paid to your written English.
你英语讲得很好，但应多加注意你的书写。
②He stood there，with his attention fixed on the notice on the wall.
他站在那儿，集中注意力看墙上的布告。
③(2014·高考浙江卷·单项填空)People won’t pay_attention_to you when they still have a lot of ideas of their own crying for expression.
当人们仍有许多自己的观点迫切需要表达时，他们是不会理会你的。
【活用】——用attention的相关短语完成句子
(1)Be sure ____________________(注意保护环境)and think of others while traveling.
(2)The boy knocked on the window __________________(以引起我的注意)．
(3)Ladies and gentlemen，may I________________(请注意一下好吗)?
答案：(1)to pay attention to protecting the environment
(2)to catch my attention
(3)have your attention，please
(教材P26)That’s good news. It shows the importance of wildlife protection，but I’d like to help as the WWF suggests. 这是个好消息，它表明了野生动植物保护的重要性，不过我想按照世界野生生物基金会的建议帮助你们。
(1)as在句中引导方式状语从句，意为“按照；如同”。
(2)suggest 此处意为“建议”，用作此意时其从句要用“(should)＋动词原形”，即虚拟语气；suggest还可作“暗示；表明”讲，用作此意时其从句要用陈述语气。
①You must do everything as I doas I might do in China. 我靠他们足够近以便听见他们说汉语，而且我会像我在中国可能做的那样说“你好”。
③It is possible for me to visit your laboratory around Christmas time as you suggested.
我可以像您建议的那样，在圣诞节的前后去参观您的实验室。
④Jane’s pale face suggested that she was (be) ill，and her parents suggested that she (should)_have(have) a medical examination.
简苍白的脸表明她生病了，她的父母建议她去做个检查。
⑤(2014·高考江西卷·满分作文)So I suggest you should_keep(keep) the balance between your study and entertainment，such as doing sports，listening to music and so on.
因此我建议你学习与娱乐应该保持平衡，例如做做体育运动，听听音乐等。
(教材P30)They learned this from the way the bones were joined together.
他们是根据(恐龙)骨骼的连接方式了解到这一点的。
(1)way表示“方式；方法”时，其后常接in which或that引导的定语从句，此时也可以将关系词that/in which省略掉。
(2)way表示“方式；方法”时，其后还可接不定式或of doing sth. 的形式。
①(2014·高考重庆卷·阅读理解)It’s generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes.
一般认为，人的行为方式是由个性和态度决定的。
②The wayhe speaks to us is really annoying. 他对我们讲话的方式真是让人讨厌。
③I think you hurt his pride by laughing at the way he_speaks_English. 我觉得你嘲笑他说英语的方式伤害了他的自尊心。
④Is this the way you can imagine to reduce/of reducing air pollution?
这是你能想到的减少空气污染的方法吗？
精练
年级：高一年级 科目：英语 类型：同步
知识点：词汇应用 难度 较难
总题量：4 预估总时间:30 min
Ⅰ. 品句填词
A)根据句意及汉语提示，写出所缺单词。
1．Due to the strict traffic regulations on drunken driving，the number of accidents from it has greatly ____________ (减少)．
2．It was a ____________ (安慰) to see that all the children were safe at home.
3．Parents should provide their children with a ____________ (安全的) environment to live and study in.
4．He found it hard to ________________ (控制，克制) his anger at the moment.
5．The doctor reminded us that our health is often ________________ (影响) by many factors.
B)在句中空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式(不多于3个单词)。
6．What he said was of great ____________(important) to your decision.
7．More attention should be paid to ____________(improve) the safety of school buses，which has become
____________ big concern of the whole society.
8．I hear that the army ____________(inspect) by a general now.
9．We respect Dr. Jones，because he’s devoted his whole life to the ________ (protect) of the rare animals.
10．The treatment they gave him did him more ________ (harmful)than good.
II. 选词填空
protect. . . from；burst into laughter；in danger of；come into being；pay attention to；die away；in relief；die out
1．After a heated discussion，a new plan ________________，which would have a great effect on the study of the students.
2．Are you ________________ losing your job in the present financial crisis?
3．No one has come up with a convincing explanation of why dinosaurs ________________.
4．I smiled ________________ as the last of the children hurried out of the door.
5．As soon as Wang Fang appeared on the stage，the audience ________________.
6．The noise of the engine ________________ as the car disappeared in the distance.
7．The government has begun to________________the housing problems of the average people.
8．It is necessary to wear sunglasses to ________________ your eyes ________________strong sunlight.
Ⅲ. 单项填空
1．Most of us could hardly________ our excitement when hearing that Celine Dion would come to the stage to sing her famous song—My Heart Will Go on.
A．read B．show C．hold D．contain
2．He appreciated ______ a chance to make a presentation in the annual seminar on Comparative Literature.
A．giving B．to give C．being given D．to be given
3．This job is absolutely tough and dangerous. But ________，you would become pretty rich and popular.
A．would you succeed B．could you succeed C．might you succeed D．should you succeed
4．Our company is going on very well. ________ dozens of local women，we produce handmade goods with
unique designs that sell well overseas.
A．To employ B．Being employed C．Employed D．Employing
5．On the Eve of the Spring Festival，we Chinese people like to play with fireworks，and the noise doesn’t ________ until after midnight.
A．die from B．die off C．die out D．die down
6．(2015·宝鸡质量检测一)Great attention must ________ education，especially in the countryside.
A．be paid to develop B．pay to develop C．be paid to developing D．pay to developing
7．I would appreciate________，to be frank，if goods could be delivered as soon as possible.
A．you B．this C．it D．myself
IV．完型填空
Dale Carnegie rose from the unknown of a Missouri farm to international fame because he found a way to fill a universal human need.
It was a need that he first 1 back in 1906 when young Dale was a junior at State Teachers College in Warrensburg. To get an 2 ，he was struggling against many difficulties. His family was poor. His dad couldn't afford the 3 at college，so Dale had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes. Study had to be done 4 his farm-work routines. He withdrew from many school activities 5 he didn't have the time or the 6 . He had only one good suit. He tried 7 the football team，but the coach turned him down for being too 8 . During this period Dale was slowly 9 an inferiority complex(自卑感)，which his mother knew could
10 him from achieving his real potential. She 11 that Dale join the debating team，believing that 12 in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed.
Dale took his mother's advice，tried desperately and after several attempts 13 made it. This proved to be a 14 point in his life. Speaking before groups did help him gain the
15 he needed. By the time Dale was a senior，he had won every top honour in 16 . Now other students were coming to him for coaching and they， 17 ，were winning contests.
Out of this early struggle to 18 his feelings of inferiority，Dale came to understand that the ability to 19 an idea to an audience builds a person's confidence. And， 20 it，Dale knew he could do anything he wanted to do—and so could others.
1. A. admitted B. filled C. supplied D. recognized
2. A. assignment B. education C. advantage D. instruction
3. A. training B. board C. teaching D. equipment
4. A. between B. during C. over D. through
5. A. while B. when C. because D. though
6. A. permits B. interest C. talent D. clothes
7. A. on B. for C. in D. with
8. A. light B. flexible C. optimistic D. outgoing
9. A. gaining B. achieving C. developing D. obtaining
10. A. prevent B. protect C. save D. free
11. A. suggested B. demanded C. required D. insisted
12. A. presence B. practice C. patience D. potential
13. A. hopefully B. certainly C. finally D. naturally
14. A. key B. breaking C. basic D. turning
15. A. progress B. experience C. competence D. confidence
16. A. horse-riding B. football C. speech D. farming
17. A. in return B. in brief C. in turn D. in fact
18. A. convey B. overcome C. understand D. build
19. A. express B. stress C. contribute D. repeat
20. A. besides B. beyond C. like D. with
【参考答案】
Ⅰ. 品句填词
A)根据句意及汉语提示，写出所缺单词。
答案：decreased
答案：relief
答案：secure
答案：contain
答案：affected
B)在句中空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式(不多于3个单词)。
答案：importance
答案：improving；a
答案：is being inspected
答案：protection
答案：harm
II. 选词填空
protect. . . from；burst into laughter；in danger of；come into being；pay attention to；die away；in relief；die out
答案：came into being
答案：in danger of
答案：died out
答案：in relief
答案：burst into laughter
答案：died away
答案：pay attention to
答案：protect；from
III. 单项填空
1．解析：选D。考查动词辨析。此处表示“我们中的大多数几乎不能控制我们的兴奋”。应选择D，contain表示“控制，克制”。read“读，看”；show“展示，展览”；hold“抓住，容纳”。
2．解析：选C。考查非谓语动词。appreciate在此处表示“感激”，后接动词的ing形式作宾语。根据句意可知，机会是被给的，所以应用being given。
3．解析：选D。考查虚拟语气与倒装。依据题干中的“you would become pretty rich and popular”可知，该句是对将来情况进行的假设，因此这里是if虚拟条件句的省略。if虚拟条件句中有should，had或were时if可省略，从句中主谓要倒装。
4．解析：选D。考查非谓语动词。句意：我们的公司正运转良好。我们雇用了很多当地的妇女生产具有独特的设计的手工制品，这些产品在海外卖得好。we和employ之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用动词的现在分词形式。故选D项。
5．解析：选D。考查动词短语辨析。句意：在新年除夕，我们中国人喜欢燃放鞭炮，鞭炮声直到午夜后才会平息下来。die down“减弱；平息”，与句意相符。die from“死于……”；die off“相继死去”；die out“绝种；灭绝；风俗习惯、文化传统等逐渐消失”，均不符合句意。
6．解析：选C。pay attention to中的to为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词，所以只可能在C或D项中选择；又因为此句中主语为attention，所以谓语必须用被动语态结构be paid to。
7．解析：选C。考查代词。此处it作形式宾语，代替后面的“if goods could be delivered as soon as possible”。to be frank为插入语。
IV．完型填空
[语篇解读]本文是一篇人物传记类的记叙文。全文记述戴尔·卡耐基穷苦的成长历程。戴尔年轻时因为家里穷不得不骑马往返12英里(约19.3千米)去上课。他听从母亲的建议，加入演讲队，赢得比赛，获得自信，最终获得成功。这个故事告诉我们，只要找准方向并为之努力谁都可以获得成功。
1.D 联系第二段最后一句中的 recognition that he needed(他需要的认可)以及第一段中的 a universal human need(普遍的人类需求)可知，此处要表达的是“戴尔第一次意识到的自己的需求……”。因此recognise(识别，认出)符合语境。admit承认；fill满足；supply提供。
2.B 联系第3空后的关键词college(大学)以及had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes[不得不骑马往返12英里(约19.3千米)去上课]可知，卡耐基为了接受教育(education)，经历了很多困难。因此B项正确。assignment任务；advantage优势；instruction指示，用法说明。
3.B 先看四个选项的词义：training训练，培训；board膳食，伙食；teaching教学；equipment设备，装置。由His family was poor.(他的家庭贫困。)与against many difficulties和had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes及各选项意思可知，戴尔克服困难骑马去上课，是因为父亲承担不起学校里的食宿费(board)，故B项符合语境。
4.A 联系后文他干农活(his farm-work routines)和没时间(didn't have the time)可知，(他的)学习应该是在农活间隙中进行。between意为“在……之间”，符合语境。during与over意为“在……期间”，through意为“在……期间，自始至终”，都不准确。
5.C 由withdrew from many school activities(退出了许多学校活动)和he didn't have the time or the (他没有时间或者没有 )可知前后是因果关系，因此这里应用because(因为)作连接词。
6.D 联系后文我们知道，卡耐基只有一身好衣服(had only one good suit)，因此，他退出许多学校活动是因为他没有时间和衣服(clothes)。
7.B 此处表达他争取(try for)参加足球队，但因为其自身原因被教练拒绝了。
8.A 结合前文the coach turned him down(教练拒绝了他)可知，其原因应该是他的缺点，四个选项中只有A项可表达他的缺点。B项flexible(灵活的)，C项optimistic(乐观的)，D项 outgoing(外向的)，均不符合语境。因为前文提到“His family was poor.”，那么，他因为家贫、生活艰苦而长得比较瘦弱，也符合常理。
9.C 结合上文提到的几个事件“不参加学校活动、被足球教练拒绝”可知，戴尔慢慢地产生(slowly develop)了自卑感。
10.A prevent阻止；protect保护；save拯救；free释放，使摆脱。结合句意“他母亲知道自卑感会 他发挥出真正的潜能”可知，A项prevent正确。
11.A 联系第三段中的Dale took his mother's advice(戴尔接受了母亲的建议)可知，此处要表达的是“她建议(suggest)戴尔……”。
12.B 联系下文可知，戴尔获得每项最高荣誉(won every top honour)是自己反复练习(practice)的结果。presence出席，patience 耐心，potential 潜能，都不符合语境。
13.C 上文说非常努力并经过几次尝试后(tried desperately and after several attempts)，下文说成功(made it)，根据时间上的逻辑关系可知，此处应选择C项finally(最终)。
14.D 联系第二段戴尔产生了自卑感以及第三段的成功可知，这里表达：这后来证明是他人生的转折点(turning point)。
15.D 由第二段中的speaking could give him the confidence(演说可以给他信心)可知，此处表达的是他获得了他需要的信心(confidence)。
16.C 联系前文在大庭广众下演说(Speaking before groups)可知，此处应表示在演讲(speech)中获得荣誉。
17.C 联系前文他帮助其他同学辅导可知，辅导之后他们也赢得了比赛(winning contests)。in return作为报答；in brief简而言之；in turn 相应地； in fact 事实上。根据上下文语境可知C项最合适。
18.B convey表达，传递；overcome克服；understand理解；build建立。句意为“由于他早期在 自卑感(feelings of inferiority)方面做出了极大努力……”。由于文中已提到“他最终成功了”，其原因当然是克服了自卑感，所以此处B项正确。
19.A 联系后文an idea(观点)及前面戴尔演讲我们可以知道，这里是指表达(express)观点的能力。stress强调，contribute捐献，repeat重述，均不符合语境。
20.D 由上文可知it指代confidence(信心)。拥有信心(with it)，戴尔知道他可以做任何他想做的事。
精讲
年级：高一年级 科目：英语 类型：同步
知识点：词汇拓展
contain vt. 包含；容纳；容忍；克制(强烈的感情等)；抑制
(教材P26)It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes.
它含有一种强效的药物可以防止蚊虫叮咬。
contain oneself 克制自己
container n. 容器，集装箱；货柜
①(2014·高考江西卷·阅读表达)In South Africa there is a safari park，which contains all sorts of wild animals. . . 在南非的一个野生动物园里有各种各样的野生动物……
②As far as I know，the hall can contain/hold/seat 3,000 people.
据我所知，这个大厅可以容纳3 000人。
③On hearing the rude words，he could not contain_himself with anger.
一听到这些粗鲁的话，他不禁火冒三丈。
[易混辨析] include，contain
include
包括，侧重被包含者只是整体中的一部分。
contain
包括，侧重“整体内有”，指在某一范围或容器内能容纳某物。不用于进行时态。
【活用】——用上述单词完成下列小片段
The container ________ many kinds of fruits，________ apples/apples included.
答案：contains；including
mercy n. 仁慈；宽恕；怜悯
(教材P26)Farmers hunted us without mercy.
农民们毫不留情地捕杀我们。
(1)
(2)at the mercy of. . . 任由……摆布
①Maybe we should tell the truth and beg for mercy.
也许我们该说出事实真相，请求原谅。
②(朗文)Having lost engine power，the boat’s crew found themselves at_the_mercy_of the wind. 在失去引擎动力之后，船员们发现自己只能任凭风力摆布了。
熟词生义
It was a mercy that the whole family survived the earthquake. (幸运)
affect vt. 影响；感动；侵袭
(教材P26)It contains a powerful drug which affects mosquitoes.
它含有一种强效的药物可以防止蚊虫叮咬。
(1)be greatly/deeply affected by被……深深
打动
be affected by heat/cold 中暑/着凉
be affected with high fever 发高烧
(2)effect n. 作用；影响
have an effect/influence on 对……产生
影响
①(2014 ·高考陕西卷·阅读理解)Now a research by Cornell University suggests how life style and decisions about eating may affect weight.
现在，康奈尔大学的一个研究表明，生活方式以及对待饮食的决定是如何影响人的体重的。
②Around 540 million people are affected by secondhand smoke，which causes 100,000 deaths per year.
大约5亿4千万人受二手烟的影响，每年造成10万人死亡。
③Television has_an_effect_on young people，which many teachers worry about.
电视对年轻人有影响，这使许多老师很担心。
【活用1】——完成句子
听众被深深地打动了，他们长时间热烈地鼓掌。
The audience ____________________，and they warmly applauded for a long time.
答案：were/was deeply affected
【活用2】——句式升级
(1)________________，the audience warmly applauded for a long time. (用affect的过去分词形式作状语改写活用1)
(2)The audience，________________warmly applauded for a long time. (用affect的过去分词形式作定语改写活用1)
答案：(1)Deeply affected (2)deeply affected
appreciate vt. 鉴赏；感激；意识到，欣赏
(教材P26)You should pay more attention to the rainforest where I live and appreciate how the animals live together. 你应该多关注我居住的热带雨林，并欣赏一下动物们是如何在一起生活的。
(1)appreciate＋n. /pron. /v. ing
重视/感激……
I would appreciate it if. . .
假如……，我将不胜感激
(2)appreciation n. 欣赏；感激
①(2014·高考辽宁卷·短文改错)We appreciate your apologies and goodwill，but we hope that you can figure out a good way of settling the matter.
你的道歉和好意我们心领了，但我们希望你能想出解决这个问题的好方法。
②(2013·高考新课标全国卷Ⅱ·满分作文)I would appreciate_it_if you could sell the knots for 10 dollars each.
如果你们能以每个10美元的价格卖这些中国结，我将不胜感激。
③Here I sincerely express my appreciation if you could help find the lost suitcase.
如果你能帮我找到丢失的箱子，我会真诚地表达我的感激之情。
【温馨提示】
(1)当appreciate，hate，dislike，love，like，depend on等词后接宾语从句时，一般先加it，再接宾语从句。
(2) appreciate作“感谢；感激”讲时，其宾语不能是人，只能是事物；如果表示“感激某人”常用thank。
熟词生义
We appreciate the danger ahead. (意识到)
succeed vi. 成功；继承 vt. 接替；继任
(教材P27)What must be done if wildlife protection is to succeed 如果野生动物保护计划要想成功的话必须要做什么？
(1)succeed in (doing) sth. 成功地做某事
succeed to sth. 继承……
succeed sb. as 接替某人成为……
(2)successful adj. 成功的
be successful in (doing) sth.
成功地做某事
(3)success n．[U]成功；成就
[C]成功的人或事物
①It never occurred to me that you could succeed_in_persuading him to change his mind.
我从未想过你会成功地劝说他改变主意。
②He had to succeeded to the business when his father passed away.
当他父亲去世时他不得不继承他父亲的事业。
③(2013·高考福建卷·书面表达)Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success.
父母为孩子安排好一切，不遗余力地为他们的成功铺平道路。
【活用】——用succeed的相关词语完成下列小片断
When he was only 20 years old，Zhang Hua(1)________his father________the general manager of a big shoe company. Although things were difficult at the beginning，he(2)________overcoming all the difficulties，and increase his share of the market(3)________．Everyone said Zhang Hua was a (4)________in business.
答案：(1)succeeded；as (2)succeeded in
(3)successfully (4)success
employ vt. 利用(时间，精力等)；雇用；使忙于，使从事于 n．使用；雇佣
(教材P27)Can they be employed to work in the park and not hurt the animals？ 他们可以被雇用在公园工作而且不伤害这些动物吗？
(1)employ sb. to do sth. 雇用某人做某事
employ oneself in 从事于；忙于
be employed in 从事于；花费(时间)
(2)employee n. 受雇者，雇工，雇员
(3)employer n. 雇主
①If I am lucky enough to be employed，I will spare no effort to repay you for your trust.
一旦有幸被雇用，我将用最大的努力和出色的工作报答您的信任。
②It would be hard for me to get employed(employ) by such a large company. 被一家那样的大公司雇用对我而言是一件很难的事情。
③Mary has_been_employed_in_making preparations for the trip all the afternoon.
整个下午，玛丽都在忙着准备这次旅行。
【活用1】——完成句子
她忙着给花浇水，没有注意到发生的一切。
She ______________________the flowers，so she did not notice what was happening.
答案：was employed/employed herself in watering
【活用2】——句式升级
________________，she did not notice what was happening. (用过去分词短语作状语改写活用1)
________________，she did not notice what was happening. (用现在分词短语作状语改写活用1)
答案：Employed in watering the flowers；Employing herself in watering the flowers
harm n．伤害；损害
vt. 损害；危害
(教材P27)What should be done to punish people who do harm to the animals?
对那些伤害动物的人该怎么处罚？
(1)do/cause harm to 对……造成伤害
do sb. harm＝do harm to sb.
伤害某人；对某人有害
mean no harm 无恶意
There is no harm in doing. . .
做某事无害处
(2)harmful adj. 有害的，造成伤害的
be harmful to. . . 对……有害
①(2013·高考安徽卷·书面表达)These days，breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon，causing serious harm to life and the environment.
最近这段日子，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见，对生活和环境造成了极大的危害。
②It makes our school dirty and unpleasant，and does_harm_to the image of our school.
这使我们学校又脏又令人不快，也损害了学校形象。
③(朗文)The dogs look fierce，but they wouldn’t harm anyone. 这些狗看起来很凶猛，但不会伤人。
【活用】——一句多译
众所周知，观看暴力电视节目真的对孩子有害。
(1)As we know，watching violence on TV really ________________. (harm vt. )
(2)As we know，watching violence on TV really ____________________. (harm n．)
(3)As we know，watching violence on TV __________________. (harmful)
答案：(1)harms children (2)does harm to children/does children harm
(3)is really harmful to children
die out 灭亡；逐渐消失
(教材P25)As a result these endangered animals may even die out.
结果，这些濒危动物甚至可能会消亡。
(1)die away (声音；光线等)逐渐消失
die of/from 因……而死
die down 减弱；平息
die off 相继死亡
(2)be dying for 很想要；渴望
be dying to do sth.
极想干某事
①(2014·高考新课标全国卷Ⅰ·阅读理解)In fact，half of the 6,000－7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century，according to UNESCO.
根据联合国教科文组织的说法，到下个世纪，在全球所说的6000－7000种语言当中很有可能有一半的语言将逐渐消失。
②Many traditional customs have died_out because they are out of date.
因为过时，许多传统风俗已经逐渐消失。
③The rain remained steady though the wind had died_down.
尽管风势已经减弱，雨还是下个不停。
④After walking in the desert for such a long time，he was dying for a drink.
在沙漠里走了很长时间，他非常想喝水。
protect. . . from 保护……不受……(危害)
(教材P26)I’m protecting myself from mosquitoes.
我保护自己不被蚊子咬到。
(1)protect. . . against 保护……以防……
(2)阻止……做……
①(2014·高考辽宁卷·七选五)Vitamins C and E help protect eyesight and promote eye health.
维生素C和E能保护视力，促进眼睛健康。
②It is their duty to protect_their_friends_against the enemy.
保护朋友不受敌人的伤害是他们的责任。
③The heavy rain carrying out the plan on time.
大雨使得我们不能按时实施计划。
④(2013·高考福建卷·满分作文)At the same time，parents are giving their children too much protection.
同时，父母给孩子的保护太多了。
【温馨提示】 以上短语在被动语态里from均不可省去，而在主动语态中，与stop/prevent搭配的from可以省略。
⑤Something must be done to keep/prevent/stop the environment from_being_polluted.
必须采取措施保护环境免受污染。
pay attention to 注意，留意
(教材P26)You should pay more attention to the rainforest where I live and appreciate how the animals live together. 你应该多关注我居住的雨林并欣赏一下动物们是如何在一起生活的。
draw/attract/catch one’s attention
引起某人的注意
turn one’s attention to 把注意力转移到……
fix/focus/concentrate one’s attention on
把注意力集中在……
devote one’s attention to 把注意力放在……
①You speak English well，but more attention should be paid to your written English.
你英语讲得很好，但应多加注意你的书写。
②He stood there，with his attention fixed on the notice on the wall.
他站在那儿，集中注意力看墙上的布告。
③(2014·高考浙江卷·单项填空)People won’t pay_attention_to you when they still have a lot of ideas of their own crying for expression.
当人们仍有许多自己的观点迫切需要表达时，他们是不会理会你的。
【活用】——用attention的相关短语完成句子
(1)Be sure ____________________(注意保护环境)and think of others while traveling.
(2)The boy knocked on the window __________________(以引起我的注意)．
(3)Ladies and gentlemen，may I________________(请注意一下好吗)?
答案：(1)to pay attention to protecting the environment
(2)to catch my attention
(3)have your attention，please
(教材P26)That’s good news. It shows the importance of wildlife protection，but I’d like to help as the WWF suggests. 这是个好消息，它表明了野生动植物保护的重要性，不过我想按照世界野生生物基金会的建议帮助你们。
(1)as在句中引导方式状语从句，意为“按照；如同”。
(2)suggest 此处意为“建议”，用作此意时其从句要用“(should)＋动词原形”，即虚拟语气；suggest还可作“暗示；表明”讲，用作此意时其从句要用陈述语气。
①You must do everything as I doas I might do in China. 我靠他们足够近以便听见他们说汉语，而且我会像我在中国可能做的那样说“你好”。
③It is possible for me to visit your laboratory around Christmas time as you suggested.
我可以像您建议的那样，在圣诞节的前后去参观您的实验室。
④Jane’s pale face suggested that she was (be) ill，and her parents suggested that she (should)_have(have) a medical examination.
简苍白的脸表明她生病了，她的父母建议她去做个检查。
⑤(2014·高考江西卷·满分作文)So I suggest you should_keep(keep) the balance between your study and entertainment，such as doing sports，listening to music and so on.
因此我建议你学习与娱乐应该保持平衡，例如做做体育运动，听听音乐等。
(教材P30)They learned this from the way the bones were joined together.
他们是根据(恐龙)骨骼的连接方式了解到这一点的。
(1)way表示“方式；方法”时，其后常接in which或that引导的定语从句，此时也可以将关系词that/in which省略掉。
(2)way表示“方式；方法”时，其后还可接不定式或of doing sth. 的形式。
①(2014·高考重庆卷·阅读理解)It’s generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes.
一般认为，人的行为方式是由个性和态度决定的。
②The wayhe speaks to us is really annoying. 他对我们讲话的方式真是让人讨厌。
③I think you hurt his pride by laughing at the way he_speaks_English. 我觉得你嘲笑他说英语的方式伤害了他的自尊心。
④Is this the way you can imagine to reduce/of reducing air pollution?
这是你能想到的减少空气污染的方法吗？
精练
年级：高一年级 科目：英语 类型：同步
知识点：词汇应用 难度 较难
总题量：4 预估总时间:30 min
Ⅰ. 品句填词
A)根据句意及汉语提示，写出所缺单词。
1．Due to the strict traffic regulations on drunken driving，the number of accidents from it has greatly ____________ (减少)．
2．It was a ____________ (安慰) to see that all the children were safe at home.
3．Parents should provide their children with a ____________ (安全的) environment to live and study in.
4．He found it hard to ________________ (控制，克制) his anger at the moment.
5．The doctor reminded us that our health is often ________________ (影响) by many factors.
B)在句中空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式(不多于3个单词)。
6．What he said was of great ____________(important) to your decision.
7．More attention should be paid to ____________(improve) the safety of school buses，which has become
____________ big concern of the whole society.
8．I hear that the army ____________(inspect) by a general now.
9．We respect Dr. Jones，because he’s devoted his whole life to the ________ (protect) of the rare animals.
10．The treatment they gave him did him more ________ (harmful)than good.
II. 选词填空
protect. . . from；burst into laughter；in danger of；come into being；pay attention to；die away；in relief；die out
1．After a heated discussion，a new plan ________________，which would have a great effect on the study of the students.
2．Are you ________________ losing your job in the present financial crisis?
3．No one has come up with a convincing explanation of why dinosaurs ________________.
4．I smiled ________________ as the last of the children hurried out of the door.
5．As soon as Wang Fang appeared on the stage，the audience ________________.
6．The noise of the engine ________________ as the car disappeared in the distance.
7．The government has begun to________________the housing problems of the average people.
8．It is necessary to wear sunglasses to ________________ your eyes ________________strong sunlight.
Ⅲ. 单项填空
1．Most of us could hardly________ our excitement when hearing that Celine Dion would come to the stage to sing her famous song—My Heart Will Go on.
A．read B．show C．hold D．contain
2．He appreciated ______ a chance to make a presentation in the annual seminar on Comparative Literature.
A．giving B．to give C．being given D．to be given
3．This job is absolutely tough and dangerous. But ________，you would become pretty rich and popular.
A．would you succeed B．could you succeed C．might you succeed D．should you succeed
4．Our company is going on very well. ________ dozens of local women，we produce handmade goods with
unique designs that sell well overseas.
A．To employ B．Being employed C．Employed D．Employing
5．On the Eve of the Spring Festival，we Chinese people like to play with fireworks，and the noise doesn’t ________ until after midnight.
A．die from B．die off C．die out D．die down
6．(2015·宝鸡质量检测一)Great attention must ________ education，especially in the countryside.
A．be paid to develop B．pay to develop C．be paid to developing D．pay to developing
7．I would appreciate________，to be frank，if goods could be delivered as soon as possible.
A．you B．this C．it D．myself
IV．完型填空
Dale Carnegie rose from the unknown of a Missouri farm to international fame because he found a way to fill a universal human need.
It was a need that he first 1 back in 1906 when young Dale was a junior at State Teachers College in Warrensburg. To get an 2 ，he was struggling against many difficulties. His family was poor. His dad couldn't afford the 3 at college，so Dale had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes. Study had to be done 4 his farm-work routines. He withdrew from many school activities 5 he didn't have the time or the 6 . He had only one good suit. He tried 7 the football team，but the coach turned him down for being too 8 . During this period Dale was slowly 9 an inferiority complex(自卑感)，which his mother knew could
10 him from achieving his real potential. She 11 that Dale join the debating team，believing that 12 in speaking could give him the confidence and recognition that he needed.
Dale took his mother's advice，tried desperately and after several attempts 13 made it. This proved to be a 14 point in his life. Speaking before groups did help him gain the
15 he needed. By the time Dale was a senior，he had won every top honour in 16 . Now other students were coming to him for coaching and they， 17 ，were winning contests.
Out of this early struggle to 18 his feelings of inferiority，Dale came to understand that the ability to 19 an idea to an audience builds a person's confidence. And， 20 it，Dale knew he could do anything he wanted to do—and so could others.
1. A. admitted B. filled C. supplied D. recognized
2. A. assignment B. education C. advantage D. instruction
3. A. training B. board C. teaching D. equipment
4. A. between B. during C. over D. through
5. A. while B. when C. because D. though
6. A. permits B. interest C. talent D. clothes
7. A. on B. for C. in D. with
8. A. light B. flexible C. optimistic D. outgoing
9. A. gaining B. achieving C. developing D. obtaining
10. A. prevent B. protect C. save D. free
11. A. suggested B. demanded C. required D. insisted
12. A. presence B. practice C. patience D. potential
13. A. hopefully B. certainly C. finally D. naturally
14. A. key B. breaking C. basic D. turning
15. A. progress B. experience C. competence D. confidence
16. A. horse-riding B. football C. speech D. farming
17. A. in return B. in brief C. in turn D. in fact
18. A. convey B. overcome C. understand D. build
19. A. express B. stress C. contribute D. repeat
20. A. besides B. beyond C. like D. with
【参考答案】
Ⅰ. 品句填词
A)根据句意及汉语提示，写出所缺单词。
答案：decreased
答案：relief
答案：secure
答案：contain
答案：affected
B)在句中空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式(不多于3个单词)。
答案：importance
答案：improving；a
答案：is being inspected
答案：protection
答案：harm
II. 选词填空
protect. . . from；burst into laughter；in danger of；come into being；pay attention to；die away；in relief；die out
答案：came into being
答案：in danger of
答案：died out
答案：in relief
答案：burst into laughter
答案：died away
答案：pay attention to
答案：protect；from
III. 单项填空
1．解析：选D。考查动词辨析。此处表示“我们中的大多数几乎不能控制我们的兴奋”。应选择D，contain表示“控制，克制”。read“读，看”；show“展示，展览”；hold“抓住，容纳”。
2．解析：选C。考查非谓语动词。appreciate在此处表示“感激”，后接动词的ing形式作宾语。根据句意可知，机会是被给的，所以应用being given。
3．解析：选D。考查虚拟语气与倒装。依据题干中的“you would become pretty rich and popular”可知，该句是对将来情况进行的假设，因此这里是if虚拟条件句的省略。if虚拟条件句中有should，had或were时if可省略，从句中主谓要倒装。
4．解析：选D。考查非谓语动词。句意：我们的公司正运转良好。我们雇用了很多当地的妇女生产具有独特的设计的手工制品，这些产品在海外卖得好。we和employ之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用动词的现在分词形式。故选D项。
5．解析：选D。考查动词短语辨析。句意：在新年除夕，我们中国人喜欢燃放鞭炮，鞭炮声直到午夜后才会平息下来。die down“减弱；平息”，与句意相符。die from“死于……”；die off“相继死去”；die out“绝种；灭绝；风俗习惯、文化传统等逐渐消失”，均不符合句意。
6．解析：选C。pay attention to中的to为介词，后跟名词、代词或动名词，所以只可能在C或D项中选择；又因为此句中主语为attention，所以谓语必须用被动语态结构be paid to。
7．解析：选C。考查代词。此处it作形式宾语，代替后面的“if goods could be delivered as soon as possible”。to be frank为插入语。
IV．完型填空
[语篇解读]本文是一篇人物传记类的记叙文。全文记述戴尔·卡耐基穷苦的成长历程。戴尔年轻时因为家里穷不得不骑马往返12英里(约19.3千米)去上课。他听从母亲的建议，加入演讲队，赢得比赛，获得自信，最终获得成功。这个故事告诉我们，只要找准方向并为之努力谁都可以获得成功。
1.D 联系第二段最后一句中的 recognition that he needed(他需要的认可)以及第一段中的 a universal human need(普遍的人类需求)可知，此处要表达的是“戴尔第一次意识到的自己的需求……”。因此recognise(识别，认出)符合语境。admit承认；fill满足；supply提供。
2.B 联系第3空后的关键词college(大学)以及had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes[不得不骑马往返12英里(约19.3千米)去上课]可知，卡耐基为了接受教育(education)，经历了很多困难。因此B项正确。assignment任务；advantage优势；instruction指示，用法说明。
3.B 先看四个选项的词义：training训练，培训；board膳食，伙食；teaching教学；equipment设备，装置。由His family was poor.(他的家庭贫困。)与against many difficulties和had to ride horseback 12 miles to attend classes及各选项意思可知，戴尔克服困难骑马去上课，是因为父亲承担不起学校里的食宿费(board)，故B项符合语境。
4.A 联系后文他干农活(his farm-work routines)和没时间(didn't have the time)可知，(他的)学习应该是在农活间隙中进行。between意为“在……之间”，符合语境。during与over意为“在……期间”，through意为“在……期间，自始至终”，都不准确。
5.C 由withdrew from many school activities(退出了许多学校活动)和he didn't have the time or the (他没有时间或者没有 )可知前后是因果关系，因此这里应用because(因为)作连接词。
6.D 联系后文我们知道，卡耐基只有一身好衣服(had only one good suit)，因此，他退出许多学校活动是因为他没有时间和衣服(clothes)。
7.B 此处表达他争取(try for)参加足球队，但因为其自身原因被教练拒绝了。
8.A 结合前文the coach turned him down(教练拒绝了他)可知，其原因应该是他的缺点，四个选项中只有A项可表达他的缺点。B项flexible(灵活的)，C项optimistic(乐观的)，D项 outgoing(外向的)，均不符合语境。因为前文提到“His family was poor.”，那么，他因为家贫、生活艰苦而长得比较瘦弱，也符合常理。
9.C 结合上文提到的几个事件“不参加学校活动、被足球教练拒绝”可知，戴尔慢慢地产生(slowly develop)了自卑感。
10.A prevent阻止；protect保护；save拯救；free释放，使摆脱。结合句意“他母亲知道自卑感会 他发挥出真正的潜能”可知，A项prevent正确。
11.A 联系第三段中的Dale took his mother's advice(戴尔接受了母亲的建议)可知，此处要表达的是“她建议(suggest)戴尔……”。
12.B 联系下文可知，戴尔获得每项最高荣誉(won every top honour)是自己反复练习(practice)的结果。presence出席，patience 耐心，potential 潜能，都不符合语境。
13.C 上文说非常努力并经过几次尝试后(tried desperately and after several attempts)，下文说成功(made it)，根据时间上的逻辑关系可知，此处应选择C项finally(最终)。
14.D 联系第二段戴尔产生了自卑感以及第三段的成功可知，这里表达：这后来证明是他人生的转折点(turning point)。
15.D 由第二段中的speaking could give him the confidence(演说可以给他信心)可知，此处表达的是他获得了他需要的信心(confidence)。
16.C 联系前文在大庭广众下演说(Speaking before groups)可知，此处应表示在演讲(speech)中获得荣誉。
17.C 联系前文他帮助其他同学辅导可知，辅导之后他们也赢得了比赛(winning contests)。in return作为报答；in brief简而言之；in turn 相应地； in fact 事实上。根据上下文语境可知C项最合适。
18.B convey表达，传递；overcome克服；understand理解；build建立。句意为“由于他早期在 自卑感(feelings of inferiority)方面做出了极大努力……”。由于文中已提到“他最终成功了”，其原因当然是克服了自卑感，所以此处B项正确。
19.A 联系后文an idea(观点)及前面戴尔演讲我们可以知道，这里是指表达(express)观点的能力。stress强调，contribute捐献，repeat重述，均不符合语境。
20.D 由上文可知it指代confidence(信心)。拥有信心(with it)，戴尔知道他可以做任何他想做的事。
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