2020版高考新创新一轮复习英语北师大版学案：必修5Unit14Careers

Unit 14 Careers




一、课前基础自查

(一)分类记单词——省时高效

Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1．insurance n．　　 保险
2．bonus n. 额外津贴，奖金
3．fee n. 服务费，学费
4．income n. 收入
5．wage n. 薪金，工资
6．institute n. 机构；学院
7．chart n. 图表，表格
8．nursery n. 托儿所，保育室
9．childhood n. 童年，儿童时代
10．multiply v. 大量增加；乘
11．continent n. 大陆，洲
12．carpenter n. 木匠
13．typist n. 打字员
14．wisdom n. 智慧
15．chemist n. 化学家
16．slave n. 奴隶
17．wrist n. 腕，腕关节

Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1．decrease v．　　　减少，降低
2．reward n. 奖赏
3．charge vt. 收费，要价
n. 负责
4．consult vt. 查阅；请教
5．bother vt. 烦扰；打扰
6．casual_ adj. 随意的，非正式的
7．overcome vt. 克服，战胜
8．stage n. 舞台；阶段，时期
9．universe n. 宇宙
10．dynamic adj. 精力充沛的
11．grasp vt. 理解，领会；抓牢，抓紧
12．branch n. 分支，部门
13．envy_ vt. 妒忌，羡慕
14．panic v. 恐慌，惊惶
15．guidance n. 指导
16．aid n. 帮助，援助
17．flexible adj. 灵活的，柔韧的
Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)
1．commit vt.投入→committed adj.尽责的→commitment n．承诺；保证
2．appointment n．约定，约会；任命，委派→appoint vt.任命，指派；预约；安排
3．constantly adv.不断地→constant adj.不断的；不变的
4．illegal adj.不合法的，违法的→legal adj.合法的
5．instant n．片刻，瞬息 adj.瞬间的，立即的，紧急的→instantly adv.即刻地，马上地→instance n．例子；事例；情况
6．surrounding adj.附近的，周围的→surround v．包围，围绕→surroundings n．环境
7．inspect v．审查→inspection n．检查，视察→inspector n．检查员，视察员
8．hesitate v．犹豫，踌躇→hesitation n．犹豫，踌躇
9．comfort n．& vt.(使)安慰，舒适→comfortable adj.安慰的，舒适的
10．operate vi.运转，运作；做手术 vt.操作→operation n．操作；手术→operator n．操作员；接线员
11．respond vi.回复，回答；反应→response n．回复，响应，反应，回答
[语境活用]
1．When in trouble, don't hesitate to ask for help and solve the problem without hesitation.(hesitate)
2．Tony is committed to selling the products, because he has made a strong commitment to his boss.(commit)
3．She asked where he'd been, but he didn't respond,_and in response to it, she shouted to him, “Where had you been？”(respond)
4．He was appointed as headmaster and wanted to tell his girlfriend the good news at the appointed time, but she missed their appointment somehow.(appoint)
5．As is known to all, the legal things should be protected and anything illegal must be banned.(legal)
6．The instant my father received the news that my grandpa became ill, he went to the hospital instantly.(instant)
7．When you feel ready, create your own zone of comfort surrounded in a warm white light which protects your surroundings yet accepted by others.(surrounding)
8．The doctor was operating on the injured operator,_but his chances of surviving the operation_ were slim.(operate)

(二)练中记短语——记牢用活

写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.take_charge_of　　　接管；控制
2．make_up_ 编造；组成
3．make_out 假称；听出，看出
4．go_into_detail(s) 讨论，细谈
5．speak_up 大声地说，自由而大胆地说出
6．sit_up 坐直；熬夜
7．believe_in 信任；信仰
8．turn_over 反转，翻转
9．pay_off 得到好结果；取得成功
10．keep_up_with 跟上，赶上
11．in_case 以防万一；万一
12．due_to 由于
13．in_addition 此外
14．turn_up 出现，到达
15．leave_behind 留下来；将……落在后面
16．above_all 最重要的是
1.Many children in the village like Jack because he is good at telling and making_up_stories.
2．He devoted most of his time to his research, believing his hard work would pay_off sooner or later.
3．It was in the lab which was taken_charge_of_by Professor Black that they did the experiment.
4．You've got to_believe_in yourself, or you'll never succeed.
5．China is developing fast due_to_the hard work of all Chinese people.
6．In order to_keep_up_with the times, I study hard every day.
7．We arranged to meet at 7：30, but she never turned_up.
8．Take a hat with you in_case the sun is very hot.
9．Frankly speaking, it is hard for me to make_out_ what he is saying.

(三)仿写明句式——以用为本

教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.The instant she stopped asking questions, I got up and went out of the room.
她一停止问问题，我就起身走出了房间。
the instant引导时间状语从句。
一般来讲，我们一进入高三就会忙于复习和为高考做准备。
Generally speaking, we are busy reviewing and preparing for the College Entrance Examination the_instant we enter senior three.
2.I discovered then that as long as I am committed and never give up I will be able to produce high quality reports.
那时我发现，只要我具有献身精神，永不放弃，就能写出高质量的报道。
as long as 引导条件状语从句。
只要他的儿子赢得比赛，全家人就会赢得免费到海外旅游的机会。
As_long_as_his_son_wins_the_competition,_the family will win an overseas tour for free.
3.Between now and the 21st century, citizens of the world's richest and most advanced nations will find it more and more difficult to keep up with the demand for change.
在现在和21世纪的这段时期，这个世界上最富裕和最先进的国家的公民将会发现赶上变化的需求越来越难了。
find＋it＋adj.＋to do sth.。
在准备英语演讲比赛时，我发现收集信息和正确使用语言非常具有挑战性。
When preparing for the English speech contest, I found_it_very_challenging_to_collect_information_and use language correctly.
4.It's not about making men more like women, but helping men to communicate as well.
其目的不是令男人更像女人，而是帮助男人同样良好地沟通。
not ...but ...“不是……而是……”。
(2016·江苏高考书面表达)说实在的，投票者有时候感到恼怒，不是因为他们厌恶投票，而是因为他们不喜欢被迫去投票。
To be honest, voters sometimes feel annoyed, not because they hate voting, but because they don't like being forced to do so.
5.Whatever I do, it will be with music.
我无论做什么，都与音乐有关。
whatever引导让步状语从句。
无论结果是什么，我都会平静地面对。
Whatever_the_result_is,_I will face it calmly.

二、课堂重点深化



1．reward n．奖赏，回报vt.奖赏；给以报酬
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Finishing a long run is a very rewarding (reward) experience.
②As a reward for passing the driving test, he treated himself in the restaurant.
③The school rewarded him with a prize for excellence in his studies.
④May I give you a reward for your helping with my English?
⑤He received high praise in reward for his caring about the old.
一句多译
我送给他一块手表来答谢他的帮助。
⑥I_gave_him_a_watch_in_reward_for_his_help.(reward n．)
⑦As_a_reward_for_his_help,_I_gave_him_a_watch.(reward n．)
⑧I_rewarded_him_with_a_watch_for_his_help.(reward v．)
　[系统归纳]
(1)in reward for ... 作为报酬；作为对……的报答
as a reward (for ...) 作为(对……的)报酬/奖赏
give/offer sb.a reward for sth.
因为某事而给某人报酬
(2)reward sb. for (doing) sth.
因(做)某事而奖赏某人，因为(做)某事给某人报酬
reward sb. with sth. 用某物回报某人
(3)rewarding adj. 有报酬的，报答的
　[重点强化]
易错对对碰(award/reward)
⑨A Nobel Prize was awarded to Waksman in 1952.
⑩She wanted to reward the cleaners for their efforts.
佳句时时写
⑪(2015·四川高考书面表达)你提到你可以教我英语作为回报，这正是我想要的。
You_mentioned_that_you_could_teach_me_English_as_a_reward,_which_is_exactly_what_I_want.
[辨析比较]　reward多指因对方的工作、服务、帮助而给予的报酬或奖赏，常用搭配reward sb.for (doing) sth.；award 意为“授予，颁发”，常用搭配award sb.sth.＝award sth.to sb.。
2．charge vt.收费，要价；指控，控告；充电n.主管，掌管，负责；费用
　[自主体验]
写出下列句中charge的词性和含义
①It looks as if they are going to charge us a lot of money for the concert hall. vt.要价，收费
②The shaver can be charged and used while traveling. vt.充电
③Li Hua was charged with breaking into a supermarket. vt.控告，指控
④We have a swimming pool, which is open all day and free of charge. n.费用
⑤Since the manager left his position, she has been in charge of the company. n.主管，掌管
单句语法填空
⑥The traffic policeman charged the driver with speeding and fined him $50.
⑦As long as you've paid in advance, we won't charge you for delivery.
句型转换
Tom takes charge of the company while the boss is away.
⑧The company is in/under the charge of Tom while the boss is away.
⑨Tom is in charge of the company while the boss is away.
完成句子
With the ticket, you may get a French fries_free_of_charge_in KFC.
凭此券你可以在肯德基免费得到一份法式炸薯条。
⑪The man who had_taken_charge_of the company was_charged_with taking drugs.
曾经掌管这家公司的那个人被指控吸毒。
　[系统归纳]
(1)charge sb. for sth.　　 　 为某物向某人收取费用
charge sb. with ... 指控某人……
(2)in charge of 主管……，掌管/管理……
free of charge＝for free 免费
in/under the charge of sb. 在某人的掌管之下，由某人
负责
take charge of 管理，负责
　[重点强化]
易错对对碰(in charge of/in the charge of)
⑫He'll be in_charge_of the whole factory when Mr. Black is away.
⑬This kindergarten is in_the_charge_of a young girl.
佳句时时写
⑭(2014·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)我想知道这个为期六周的课程你向我收费多少。
I_wonder_how_much_you_will_charge_me_for_the_six­week_course.
[辨析比较]　in charge of往往以人作主语，指“某人负责(主管)某事”； in the charge of往往以物作主语，指“某物由某人负责(主管)”。
3．consult vt.请教；查阅
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①She consulted with her parents about the way to do the matter.
②He felt quite honored to become the President's consultant (consult) on economic affairs.
③The salesgirl said she would have to consult the supervisor about the matter.
完成句子
④When in doubt about the meaning of a word, consult_a_dictionary.
当拿不准词义时，查查词典。
⑤Parents can_consult_the_teachers_about their children.
家长可以向老师询问孩子们的情况。
　[系统归纳]
(1)consult sb. about sth. 　　　 向某人请教/咨询某事；就某事与某人磋商/交换意见
consult with sb. about sth. 与某人商量某事
consult a dictionary 查字典
(2)consultant n. 顾问

　[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑥He consulted with his partners for the investment.for→about
佳句时时写
⑦(2012·山东高考书面表达)我建议你经常去办公室向老师请教关于学习英语的方法。
I_suggest_you_should_often_go_to_the_office_to_consult_your_teacher_about_the_method_of_learning_English.
4．commit vt.投入；使承诺；犯(错误、罪行等)
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①The contract commits him to playing (play) for the team for the next three years.
②Giving up my job to go back to full­time education was a big commitment (commit), but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.
③They called on Western nations to commit more money to the poorest nations.
④She didn't want to commit herself (she) to that matter.
完成句子
⑤I felt I did not have to make_such_a_commitment to them.
我觉得我没有必要对他们作出那样的承诺。
⑥She tried to commit_suicide,_but we saved her life by chance.
她试图自杀，但我们碰巧救了她。
　[系统归纳]
(1)commit sb. to (doing) sth.　 使某人承诺(做)某事
commit oneself to (doing) sth. 专心致志于；投入于
commit sth. to sth. 调拨，拨出……供……使用
commit suicide/a crime/a murder　自杀/犯罪/谋杀
(2)commitment n. 承诺；保证；承担义务；奉献
make a commitment/promise 作出承诺
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑦The government must commit itself to improve social security and health care.improve→improving
佳句时时写
⑧(2015·陕西高考书面表达)我专心致志学习英语，有良好的英语知识，因此被选为英语课代表。
I_commit_myself_to_learning_English_and_have_a_good_command_of_English,_so_I_am_elected_as_assistant_of_my_English_teacher.
[名师指津]　在短语commit sb./oneself to中，to为介词，其后须跟名词、代词或动名词。
5．hesitate v．犹豫，踌躇；不愿意；有顾虑
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①We are at your service. Don't hesitate to_turn (turn) to us if you have any further requests.
②After some hesitation (hesitate), the manager decided to go on the discussion.
③I hesitate about/over taking his side until I know the whole story.
一句多译
他毫不犹豫地跳进冰冷的水中去救那个溺水的女孩。
④He didn't_hesitate_to_jump into the icy water to save the drowning girl.(hesitate)
⑤He had_no_hesitation_in_jumping into the icy water to save the drowning girl.(hesitation)
⑥He jumped into the icy water to save the drowning girl_without_hesitation.(hesitation)
　[系统归纳]
(1)hesitate to do sth. 不愿意做某事，对做某事有顾虑
hesitate about/over (doing) sth. 对(做)某事犹豫不决
(2)hesitation n. 踌躇，犹豫
without hesitation 毫不犹豫地
have no hesitation in doing sth. 毫不犹豫地做某事
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑦I would have no hesitation in recommend him for the job.recommend→recommending
佳句时时写
⑧(2016·北京高考书面表达)如果你想了解更多的中国历史，不要犹豫直接来问我。
If_you_want_to_know_more_about_Chinese_history,_don't_hesitate_to_ask_me_directly.
6．decrease v．& n．减少，降低
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①There has been some decrease in traffic accidents this year.
②In our school the number of students who are addicted to computer games is on the decrease.
③After taking the medicine, his temperature decreased from 38℃ to 36.8℃.
根据汉语提示完成下面小片段
④In this area, there is a decrease_in (在……方面减少) population. It has decreased_from 10 million to (从……减少到……) 9 million in the last three years. That is to say, the population has decreased_by (减少了) 10%, and the number of the people will be on_the_decrease (在减少) in the future.
　[系统归纳]
(1)decrease in ...　　　　　　 在……(方面)降低/减少
decrease to/by ... 减少到/减少了……
decrease from ...to ... 从……减少/降低到……
(2)on the decrease/increase 正在减少/增加
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑤Five years ago the population of the village was 2,000.Now it's 1,500, which means that it has decreased to 25%.to→by
佳句时时写
⑥(2015·江苏高考书面表达)说实话，违反交通规则的人正在减少。
Honestly_speaking,_people_who_break_traffic_rules_are_on_the_decrease.
7．operate vi.运转，运作；做手术；起作用 vt.操作；经营
　[自主体验]
写出下列句中operate 的含义
①People were trapped between floors because the lift didn't operate properly. 运转
②The new drug began to operate not long after it was taken. 起作用
③Young as he is, he operates the company very well. 经营
④No matter which machine he operates, he will do with it carefully. 操作
⑤If the doctor had operated on him earlier, he wouldn't have died. 做手术
单句语法填空
⑥When the machine is in operation, keep away from it.
⑦Having seen the X­ray, the doctor decided to operate_on the patient.
⑧To our surprise, the operation (operate) on her heart lasted three hours.
完成句子
⑨The new regulations will_come/go_into_operation next Sunday.
新规章将于下周日起生效。
⑩It's reported that the local government will bring/put_the_new_law_into_operation next month.
据报道，当地政府将于下个月实施这项新法律。
　[系统归纳]
(1)operate on　　　　　　　　　给……做手术
(2)operation n. 运作；经营；手术
give/perform an operation on 给……做手术
bring/put ...into operation 使……运作/转；实施
come/go into operation 实施，开始生效
in operation 在运行/转中，起作用
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑪The doctor decided to operate the patient for his lung cancer.operate后加on
佳句时时写
⑫(2014·湖南高考书面表达)当搜索一些信息时，我们可以通过触摸屏幕来操作。
When_searching_for_some_information,_we_can_operate_by_touching_the_screen.
8．respond vi.反应；回复，回答
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①I reminded him of the appointment, but he didn't make any response (respond)．
②Receiving a text does not mean you need to respond to it.
③These comments came in response to specific questions often asked by local newsmen.
④The spokesperson of the Ministry of Commerce already made a response to this issue yesterday.
一句多译
他对我的建议未做出回应，这让我感到很失望。
⑤He made_no_response_to_my_suggestion,_which made me very disappointed. (response)
⑥He didn't_respond_to_my_suggestion,_which made me very disappointed. (respond)
　[系统归纳]
(1)respond to　　　　　　　 回答……，对……作出反应
(2)response n. 回答；反应；响应
make a/no response to ... 对……给予/没有回答
in response (to) 作为(对……的)回应
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑦The famous film star made no response with the question asked by reporters._with→to
佳句时时写
⑧(2011·江苏高考书面表达)作为回应，这位母亲跪了下来表达此时她是多么地幸福和欣慰。
In_response,_the_mom_kneels_down_to_show_how_happy_and_thankful_she_feels.
9．bother vt.烦扰；打扰；使恼怒；使不安vi.烦恼，担心；麻烦，费心n.麻烦；令人烦恼的事或人
　[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①You don't bother to_get/getting (get) dinner for me today. I'll eat out.
②Don't bother your deskmate about/with the math problem. Try to work it out by yourself.
③It bothers me that I haven't told him the truth.
完成句子
④It_bothers_me_that_he always bothers_me_with boring questions. I don't want to_bother_to_answer_these questions.
令我烦恼的是他总是问些无聊的问题烦我。我不想费神回答这些问题。
⑤I don't want to put_him_to_any_bother,_so I try doing it by myself.
我不想给他添乱，所以我试着靠自己做这件事。
　[系统归纳]
(1)bother sb. with/about sth.　 因某事麻烦(打扰)某人
bother about sth. 为某事费心，为某事烦恼
bother to do/doing sth. 费/操心做某事
It bothers/bothered sb. that ...
使某人烦恼/担心的是……
(2)put sb. to any bother 给某人添乱
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑥You seem to have got yourself into a spot of bothers.bothers→bother
佳句时时写
⑦(2016·江苏高考书面表达)让许多人苦恼的是，他们不得不给熟人和朋友投票。
It_bothers_many_people_that_they_have_to_vote_for_their_acquaintances_and_friends.
[名师指津]　bother作“麻烦；困难”讲时，是不可数名词；作“令人烦恼的事物；讨厌的人”讲时，是可数名词。



1．make up占；形成，构成，组成；弥补；编造；整理；化妆；和好
　[自主体验]
写出下列句中make up的含义
①Leave this notice hanging on your door, asking the servant to make up your room. 整理
②Peasants make up over 80 percent of the population in that developing country. 占
③Can I leave early this time and make up the time next time？ 弥补
④He made up some excuse about his daughter's being sick. 编造
⑤In order to attend the important meeting, she spends too much time making herself up.化妆
单句语法填空
⑥I heard the voices, but couldn't make out_what they were saying.
⑦We believe that openness and honesty make for the best relationships because they lead to trust and faith.
⑧They'll do all they can to make up for the economic losses.
⑨Thanks to your encouragement, I made continuous progress in math, and finally made up my mind _to_study (study)it in the university.
完成句子
⑩Our class is_made_up_of_50 lively boys and girls, who are warm and generous and ready to offer help.
我们班由50名活泼的男生和女生组成，他们都热心、慷慨、乐于助人。
⑪Caroline doesn't have a gift for music, but she makes_up_for it with hard work.
Caroline没有音乐天赋，但是她努力学习弥补了这一点。
⑫The task is challenging and demanding. Who do you think can make_it?
这项任务富有挑战性且要求很高。你认为谁能完成它？
　[系统归纳]
make out　　　　　　 (费力)理解；假装；辨认出；看清楚
make it 取得成功；准时到达；做到了
be made up of 由……组成
make for 移向，走向；促成；有利于
make up for 弥补，补偿
make up one's mind to do sth.　下定决心做某事
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑬The committee is made up representatives from every state.up后加_of
佳句时时写
⑭(2018·浙江高考书面表达)做一名志愿者也是我提高英语口语和弥补缺点的好机会。
Being_a_volunteer_is_also_a_good_opportunity_for_me_to_improve_my_spoken_English_and_make_up_for_my_disadvantages.
[名师指津]　be made up of 表示“由……组成/构成”，其同义短语还有consist of, be composed of等。
2．pay off得到好结果，得到回报；取得成功；还清，偿清；(付清工资后)解雇
　[自主体验]
写出下列句中pay off的含义
①After all these years, we've at last paid off our debts. _还清，偿清
②Her design won the first prize in the competition.Years of patience and hard work had at last paid off. 得到好结果，得到回报
③Things are looking bad and we might have to pay off more workers. (付清工资后)解雇
④However difficult you find it to arrange your time, it will pay off in the long run.取得成功
单句语法填空
⑤What made him happy was that after all these years he at last paid off all his debts.
⑥Loss of health is too high a price to pay for success.
⑦That I can pay back the help people give me makes me happy.
完成句子
⑧We're pleased to hear that your US School Delegation will pay_a_visit_to our school on June 26th.
我们很高兴地听说你们美国学校访问团将在6月26日访问我们的学校。
⑨It's high time that we_paid_much_attention_to_protecting our environment.
到了我们应该高度重视环境保护的时候了。
　[系统归纳]
pay back　　　　　　　 偿还(欠款)；报复，回报
pay for 付……的钱；为……付出代价
pay a visit to 参观……；看望……
pay attention to 注意
　[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑩The students must pay attention on their safety on the way to school.第一个on→to
佳句时时写
⑪(2014·山东高考书面表达)正如谚语所说，有志者，事竟成。我们的付出最终会得到回报。
As_a_proverb_goes,_where_there_is_a_will,_there_is_a_way._Our_efforts_will_pay_off_in_time.
3．in case以防万一；万一；假如
　[系统归纳]
in case of ...　　　　 假如……，在……情况下
in any case 无论如何，不管怎样
in no case 绝不，在任何情况下都不(位于句首时，句子部分倒装)
in this/that case 如果是这样/那样的话
as is often the case 这是常有的事
　[重点强化]
用法条条清(用上述短语填空)
①It is said that we'll have to do extra work on Sunday. In_that_case,_we can't go to a movie.
②There is no simple answer, as_is_often_the_case in science.
③I took my driving license with me on holiday, in_case I wanted to hire a car.
④In_no_case will I turn against my motherland.
⑤The cost may be higher than we first thought, but in_any_case it will still be quite satisfying.
⑥In_case_of any change, please inform me in advance.
佳句时时写
⑦(2018·江苏高考书面表达)在那种情况下，根据排名来买书，既方便又经济实惠。
In_that_case,_it_is_both_convenient_and_economical_to_buy_books_according_to_the_ratings.
[名师指津]　in case后跟状语从句，并且从句用一般现在时表示将来，有时可用“should＋动词原形”。而in case of后跟名词，不跟从句。
4．as long as引导条件状语从句
　[教材原句]　I discovered then that as_long_as I am committed and never give up I will be able to produce high quality reports.
　[自主体验]
①So_long_as we hold fast to our ideals and never give up, we are bound to achieve success.
只要我们坚定信念，永不放弃，我们一定会取得成功的。
②Assuming/Assume_that you are right, we'll make a great deal of money from the project.
假定你是正确的，那我们将会从这项工程中赚得许多钱。
③You'll make success sooner or later on_condition_that you don't lose heart or give up.
只要不失去信心或放弃，你迟早会成功的。
④(2018·江苏高考)Unless you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.
除非你能睡得好，否则一两个晚上后你就会失去集中注意力、做好规划和保持积极性的能力。
　[归纳点拨]
(1)as long as/so long as“只要”，引导条件状语从句。
(2)引导条件状语从句的其他连词有：unless, in case, on condition that, provided/providing (that), suppose/supposing (that), assume/assuming (that), (only) if, given (that) 等。
　[佳句背诵]
①(精彩收尾句)(2017·全国卷Ⅱ写作佳句)You won't find paper­cutting difficult as long as you keep practicing it.
②(精彩收尾句)(2014·广东高考写作佳句)As long as there is kindness and virtue, the world will become more beautiful.
5．find＋it＋adj.＋to do sth.
　[教材原句]　Between now and the 21st century, citizens of the world's richest and most advanced nations will find_it_more_and_more_difficult_to_keep_up_with the demand for change.
　[自主体验]
①The two girls are so alike that strangers find_it_difficult_to_tell one from the other.
这两个女孩长得如此相像，以至于陌生人很难把她们区分开。
②(2014·福建高考)It was the culture, rather than the language, that made_it_hard_for_him_to_adapt_to the new environment abroad.
是文化而不是语言使他很难适应国外的新环境。
③Susan made_it_clear_to_me_that she wished to make a new life for herself.
苏珊清楚地向我表明，她希望为自己创造新的生活。
④I consider_it_no_use quarrelling with him about it.
我认为就这件事和他争吵是没有用的。
　[归纳点拨]
(1)句中使用了“find＋it＋adj.＋to do sth.”结构。其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语“to keep up with the demand for change”，形容词difficult作宾语补足语。
(2)it 作形式宾语，用于“动词＋it＋宾补＋真正的宾语”即“6123”结构中：
“6”指常用的动词： think， believe， make， find， consider， feel
“1”指形式宾语： it
“2”指宾补的两种形式：形容词和名词
“3”指真正的宾语的三种形式：不定式、动名词和宾语从句
　[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)(2012·山东高考写作佳句)I also find it useful to keep English diaries. I keep on doing it these years and it is helpful to my English.
②(增分要点句)(2012·四川高考写作佳句)My English is just OK and the two main problems in my study are that I feel it difficult to learn words by heart, and that I often feel nervous when speaking English.



Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The big fire panicked (使恐慌) people into running out of the building.
2．The baby has reached the stage (阶段) where he can stand up.
3．To tell you the truth, I envy (羡慕) you having such a close family.
4．It's illegal (不合法的) to read people's private letters without permission.
5．To work out the difficult maths problem, I have consulted (咨询) Professor Russell several times.
6．Since we'll cycle there and work in the field, you'd better wear casual (非正式的) clothes and comfortable (舒适的) shoes.
7．Due to the strict traffic regulations on drunken driving, the number of accidents from it has greatly decreased (减少)．
8．They will live longer, work smarter and even have a greater understanding of nature and the universe (宇宙)．
9．Looking back, I know the greatest difficulty on our way to success is our fear; overcome (克服，战胜) it, and we will be able to achieve our goals.
10．The bus is designed to operate (运转) in all weather conditions.
11．The ABC bank has many branches (分行) all over the country.
12．Try to grasp (理解) what the writer is going to tell you in the book as a whole.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．Please do not hesitate to_contact (contact) me if you have any questions.
2．Before we can accept the firm's offer we must consult with the workers.
3．They rewarded the winners with gifts of fruits and flowers when the match ended.
4．In this kind of high­pressure situation, many leaders bother their assistants with/about frequent meetings.
5．In response (respond) to complaints, the company reviewed its safety procedures.
6．He earned ＄9.05 an hour in charge of getting carts out of the parking lot.
7．We have no idea when the housing prices decrease to the level we can afford.
8．In the good care of the nurses, the boy is gradually recovering from his heart operation (operate)．
9．In addition, he got his position promoted and wage increased. All these showed that the efforts he had made paid off.
10．John made up a funny joke to amuse his younger brother.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．It is not I but Tom that are to blame for the car accident. are→is
2．The small child begged not to be operated, but the doctor persuaded him to obey.
_operated后加on
3．The housing price is hoped to decrease to 10% this year. 第二个to→by
4．The hospital is in charge of me when he is away. in后加the
5．As reward for being admitted to college, many students got mobile phones as presents. _As_后加a
6．Please don't hesitate to tell me in case of you need something. 去掉of
7．The instantly I saw him at the airport, I recognized him at once. instantly→instant
8．Small sailboats can easily turn on in the water if they are not managed carefully.on→over
9．Frank has been punished by his parents due on his carelessness in the exam. on→to
10．Mother set the pace so that her children would keep up in her. in→with
Ⅳ.翻译句子
1．我紧紧抓住了绳子，以防我会摔下去。(in case)
I_held_the_rope_tightly_in_case_I_might_fall_off.
2．使汤姆烦恼的是，他不能找到一份他真正喜欢的工作。(It bothers sb. that)
It_bothers_Tom_that_he_can't_find_a_job_that_he_really_likes.
3．应观众的强烈要求，这部戏每周将会在这个剧院上演两次。(response)
In_response_to_the_audience's_great_demand,_the_play_will_be_put_on_in_the_theatre_twice_a_week.
4．我被委派来负责安排那天的所有活动。(appoint, take charge of)
I_was_appointed_to_take_charge_of_arranging_all_the_activities_on_that_day.
5．我们必须尽快实施计划。(bring ... into operation)
We_must_bring_the_plan_into_operation_as_soon_as_possible.
6．上个学期在期中考试中得了低分后，我下定决心要相信自己，并努力做出改变。(make up one's mind, believe in)
Last_term,_after_getting_a_low_score_in_the_midterm_exam,_I_made_up_my_mind_to_believe_in_myself,_and_I_tried_to_change.
7．只要你离他们远一点，你就会安全。(as long as)
As_long_as_you_can_keep_them_away,_you're_safe.
8．我发现理解美国之音慢速英语节目并不难。
(find＋it＋adj.＋to do sth.)
I_don't_find_it_difficult_to_understand_the_VOA_Special_English_program.



本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与自我”中的“工作与职业”子话题相对应

一、话题语素积累多一点

子话题——工作与职业

(一)浅易词汇温一温
①want　　　　 ②share　　　 ③single　　　 ④healthy
⑤speak ⑥enjoy ⑦career ⑧work
⑨information ⑩experience ⑪direction ⑫job
⑬manager ⑭worker ⑮researcher ⑯engineer
⑰assistant ⑱secretary ⑲retire ⑳occupation
position

(二)生疏词汇记一记
①waitress n．　　 女服务员　 ②type vi.　　　 打字
③appreciate vt. 感激 ④professional n. 专业人员
⑤fit vi. 适合 ⑥access vt. 评估
⑦desire vt. 渴望 ⑧expectation n. 期待
⑨manpower n. 人力 ⑩journalist n. 记者
⑪photographer n. 摄影师 ⑫physician n. 内科医生
⑬accountant n. 会计 ⑭interviewee n. 参加面试者
⑮interviewer n. 面试官 ⑯applicant n. 申请人
⑰application n. 申请 ⑱employee n. 雇员
⑲employer n. 雇主 ⑳certificate n. 证明
qualification n. 资格；学历 qualified adj .有资格的
interview n. 面试

(三)常用词块忆一忆
①apply for the position　　　 申请这个职位
②personal information 个人信息
③work as a postman 当一名邮递员
④strength and hobby 特长和爱好
⑤keep on learning　　　　　　 继续学习
⑥get the first prize 获得一等奖
⑦look forward to 盼望
⑧a temporary job 一份临时工作
⑨make the right choice 做出正确选择
⑩with the same degree of ability 具有同等能力的
⑪fill in the form/chart 填表
⑫make an appointment 预约
⑬hunt for a job 找工作
⑭carry out 执行，实施
⑮be qualified for 胜任
⑯show interest in 感兴趣
⑰in advance 提前
⑱leave a good impression on 给……留下好印象
⑲prepare for 为……做好准备
⑳devote oneself to 献身于，致力于
company culture 公司文化

(四)写作佳句背一背
①When seeing your advertisement in the local newspaper, I immediately show great interest in it, eagerly hoping to get the position of working as a tutor for your child.
②English is my favourite subject and I've won several prizes in English contests.So I think that I'm qualified for the position.
③I am confident that my combination of practical work experience and solid educational experience has prepared me for making an immediate contribution to your company.

二、话题书面表达亮一点

假如你是李华，当获悉某大型酒店要招聘10名女服务员的信息后，便写信与酒店经理联系求职。求职信应包括下列全部内容：

姓名
性别
年龄
文化程度
婚否
健康状况
李华
女
20
高中
未婚
良
住址
深圳市深南路48号
个人
简历
6～12岁 在第一小学学习
12～18岁 在深圳中学上学
18～至今 在邮局当邮递员

爱好及
特长
上学期间学习了六年英语，现在英语口语很棒，打字也不错。 喜欢唱歌和跳舞。2018年曾获深圳市业余歌手比赛一等奖。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．信的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
No.48 Shennan Road
Shenzhen
February 26th, 2019
Dear Mr Margaret，
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Yours faithfully，
Li Hua
　　　

[写作4步走]

第一步：句写对——给词写句

waitress, want, apply for the position, share, personal information, single, healthy, work as a postwoman, strength and hobby, keep on learning, speak, type, enjoy, get the first prize, appreciate　　
1．我听说你们酒店招收十名女服务员。
I_heard_ten_waitresses_are_needed_in_your_hotel.
2．我想申请这个职位。
I_want_to_apply_for_the_position.
3．我想介绍一下我个人的基本信息。
I'd_like_to_share_my_personal_information_with_you.
4．我是一个20岁的中国女孩。
I'm_a_Chinese_girl_of_twenty.
5．我单身且身体健康。
I'm_single_and_healthy.
6．我曾在第一小学学习。
I_studied_in_No.1_Primary_School.
7．然后我去了深圳中学就读。
Then_I_went_to_Shenzhen_Middle_School_for_learning.
8．我一直在邮局当一名邮递员。
I_have_been_working_as_a_postwoman.
9．我的特长和爱好如下。
My_strengths_and_hobbies_are_as_follows.
10．上学期间我学了六年英语，中学毕业后一直不间断学习英语。
I_had_learned_English_for_6_years_at_school,_and_have_kept_on_learning_it_since_I_left_school.
11．现在我英语说得好并且打字也好。
Now_I_can_speak_English_well_and_type_well.
12．我喜欢唱歌和跳舞。
I_enjoy_singing_and_dancing.
13．2018年我曾获得一等奖。
In_2018,_I_once_got_the_first_prize.
14．如果能被录用，我将不胜感激。
I_would_appreciate_it_if_I_could_be_accepted.

第二步：量写够——语句扩充
15．在第6句中加入状语“6岁至12岁”。
_I_studied_in_No.1_Primary_School_from_six_to_twelve.
16．在第8句中加入状语“自十八岁毕业以来”。
Since_graduating_from_it_at_the_age_of_eighteen,_I_have_been_working_as_a_postwoman.
17．在第13句中加入状语“在深圳市业余歌手比赛中”。
In_2018,_I_once_got_the_first_prize_in_the_competition_for_the_amateur_singers_in_Shenzhen.
18．添加书信常用结尾语“期盼着你的答复。”
I_am_looking_forward_to_your_reply.

第三步：语写美——词句升格
19．用have a strong desire替换第2句中want，并用the instant与第1句合并。
The_instant_I_heard_ten_waitresses_are_needed_in_your_hotel,_I_have_a_strong_desire_to_apply_for_the_position._
20．用who引导的定语从句合并第4句与第5句。
I'm_a_Chinese_girl_of_twenty_who_is_single_and_healthy.

第四步：篇连顺——衔接成文
用first of all， secondly， in addition等衔接词连句成文。
No.48_Shennan_Road
Shenzhen
February_26th,_2019
Dear_Mr_Margaret，
The_instant_I_heard_ten_waitresses_are_needed_in_your_hotel,_I_have_a_strong_desire_to_apply_for_the_position.
First_of_all,_I'd_like_to_share_my_personal_information_with_you._I'm_a_Chinese_girl_of_twenty_who_is_single_and_healthy._I_studied_in_No.1_Primary_School_from_six_to_twelve._Then_I_went_to_Shenzhen_Middle_School_for_learning._Since_graduating_from_it_at_the_age_of_eighteen,_I_have_been_working_as_a_postwoman._Secondly,_my_strengths_and_hobbies_are_as_follows._I_had_learned_English_for_6_years_at_school,_and_have_kept_on_learning_it_since_I_left_school._Now_I_can_speak_English_well_and_type_well._In_addition,_I_enjoy_singing_and_dancing._In_2018,_I_once_got_the_first_prize_in_the_competition_for_the_amateur_singers_in_Shenzhen.
I_would_appreciate_it_if_I_could_be_accepted._I_am_looking_forward_to_your_reply.
Yours_faithfully，
Li_Hua



Ⅰ.根据提示填空
A job is vital for a man in the modern and competitive society. But what are the factors to be successful?
Passion. Passion cannot be ignored. When asked what contributes to their success, successful ❶professionals (专业人员) will likely answer that they love what they do. Eric Stutzke, executive vice president of Finance & Operations at OneWire, a ❷career (职业) site for finance professionals, says those who truly love the financial world will ❸easily (easy) adapt and succeed.
❹Company_culture (公司文化) and people. Once you have discovered a career, begin looking at the company culture and people who work in that area. While the job might ❺fit (适合), some company cultures may not line up with what is important to you. The best way to get this ❻information (信息) is to speak with people who presently work for the company or ❼recently (recent) worked there.
Learn by doing. All your research can help direct you in the correct direction, but sometimes experience is the best teacher. ❽A_temporary_job (一份临时工作) can give you hands­on experience that can go a long way in helping you ❾make_the_right_choice (做出正确的选择). If you don't like the job, it's better to know this sooner rather than later. Don't rule it out altogether, because your experience may not have been typical. Ask trusted advisors or friends to help you assess (评估) the situation before removing some of your options.
Ⅱ.片段选词填空
desire， occupation， with the same degree of ability， work， experience， employer， assistant， expectation， direction， manpower
We should also remember that the job ❶expectations of young people have increased. Girls who would have once become shop ❷assistants or hairdressers now want to be secretaries. Boys who sought an apprenticeship (学徒工作) 20 years ago now ❸desire to have an engineering degree. But it is still the same girls and boys ❹with_the_same_degree_of_ability. No wonder there are problems in reaching the “necessary standards” of the business world.
Many ❺employers believe that it is important for teachers to have ❻experience outside the world of college and school. They should ❼work for a while at some other kinds of job “to see how the world of business is different from their own”. The teaching ❽occupation and society in general need a greater understanding of ❾manpower needs and therefore of “the desired” direction_of the education system.



一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心

Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2018·北京高考)Traveling along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding (reward) experience.
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ) As a result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.
3．(2016·江苏高考)Many businesses started up by college students have taken off thanks to the comfortable (comfort) climate for business creation.
4．(2015·湖北高考)Don't worry. I'm sure your missing glasses will turn up sooner or later.
5．(2015·天津高考)Tom had to turn down the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.
6．(2014·浙江高考)Amie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse appointed (appoint) to guard her.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(选用hesitate, bother, respond, panic, appointment, decrease, in case, make up for填空)
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)“Congratulations! But I think someone was mistaken，” Dennis __46__. The baby was born and update texts were coming in quickly from the overjoyed grandmother, Teresa.____________
2．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)They told her to stay still until the emergency personnel arrived, but she thought the car was going to explode. Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move __55__ she injured her neck.____________
3．(2015·安徽高考)To __51__ the amount of rubbish and to protect the environment, more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.____________
4．(2014·湖北高考)It was the perfect solution: a rent­free place to reorganize our lives. We entered the park and I made an __35__ for the following day.____________
5．(2012·山东高考)The Mullers didn't __44__ to give their phone number to the street people and told them to phone anytime. Rita made sure there was somebody at home to answer the phone and their home was always open to anyone who couldn't face another night on the street.____________
6．(2011·江西高考)The chicken was on fire.__49__set in, but Mary could not run — she was frozen to the spot.____________
7．(2011·浙江高考)Two years ago, I decided that I would need to have some kind of extra work to __25__ my disability pension (残疾抚恤金)．____________
8．(2009·湖北高考)The first time that I experienced her read­write­criticize method，I had not __42__ to do the homework and had written something without knowing what it meant.____________
答案：1.responded　2.in case　3.decrease　4.appointment　5.hesitate　6.Panic　7.make up for　8.bothered

二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度

新高考下的命题新视角：随着科技的发展，当今社会涌现了新媒体从业者、动漫设计师等一批新兴职业，职业与我们每个人息息相关，因此，“工作与职业”也成为高考的热门话题。通过阅读此类文章，考生不仅可以了解一些职业的特点，而且可以培养积极向上的心态。在平时的话题训练中，考生应多关注与新兴职业及与求职相关的素材。

[话题感悟]

学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
(加黑词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
For career changers thinking about growth and advancement potential, forget the blue­collar and white­collar categories: Green is the way to go. According to Bracken Hendricks, a senior fellow at the Center for Global Progress, careers that promote environmental responsibility will become main stream within a decade.“The growth in green careers will be like the Internet boom, which not only created new jobs, but also had an influence on the overall economy，” he says.
The increasing environmental problems and need for eco­friendly products and services are creating a new job section of green­collar jobs. Many countries of the world have realized the importance and need for energy­saving products and services. It is expected that by 2025 about 25% of the jobs in developed countries will be of green­collar jobs. Doesn't the data look promising for the future?
Green­collar jobs have become a bright career chances for all. And jobs will pop up at every income level, from environmental manager to gardener. For example, many countries including the United States have understood that fossil fuels have negative effect on the environment which can later become a serious danger to mankind. As a result, possibilities are being explored to find alternatives to satisfy demands in a better way. The increasing demand of newer resources has created the need for experts and researchers who can find better ways to deal with the ongoing needs. In addition, in order to meet the increasing demands of environment­friendly equipment, both green product designer and educated and trained workers are needed. Management of environmental organizations also demands a large number of environmental managers.
Where can you find green­collar jobs? Internet is undoubtedly the best way to find information on almost any matter. Nowadays, different kinds of jobs are being posted online. Search through a couple of job websites to look for a bright future in energy conversion and recycling of waste management. Check regularly and find the right work for yourself. People who read newspapers can also find different kinds of green­collar jobs.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种有前途的工作机会。和网络繁荣一样，环保事业的未来是光明的，开发新的资源可能创造更多绿领工作的机会。
1．Why does Bracken Hendricks mention the Internet boom in Paragraph 1?
A．To explain the importance of technology.
B．To provide evidence of his recent research.
C．To inform us of the way of finding green­collar jobs.
D．To indicate the bright future of green careers.
解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句，布拉肯·亨德里克斯提到环保事业的增长就像互联网一样，不仅能创造新的工作机会，还能对全球经济有重大影响可知，他提到互联网繁荣就是暗示环保事业的光明未来。故选D项。
2．Which of the following probably creates green­collar jobs?
A．Promoting services.　　 B．Developing new resources.
C．Consuming fossil fuels. D．Training employees.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，不断增长的环保问题和对环境友好型产品和服务的需求正在创造一个新的工作部门：绿领工作；又由第三段第五句“The increasing demand of newer resources has created the need for ...”及上下文可知，开发新能源的需要会为绿领工作创造机会。故选B项。
3．What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 3?
A．The requirements for green employees.
B．The development of the green industry.
C．The job chances in the environmental industry.
D．The economic influence of green careers.
解析：选C　段落大意题。第三段第一句和第二句点出了本段的主题：绿领工作对所有人来说都是一个有前途的工作机会。下文中又举例说明了研发和生产新能源能创造一系列工作机会。由此可知，本段主要是讲环保行业的工作机会。故选C项。
4．The passage is written to ________.
A．discuss eco­friendly services
B．suggest ways of saving energy at work
C．introduce promising career chances
D．explain the best method of finding jobs
解析：选C　主旨大意题。文章开头第一句点题：绿色环保工作；文章中间提到了环保问题给社会创造的工作机会；最后一段又提出如何找到绿领工作。由此可知，本文主要是介绍有前途的工作机会。故选C项。

学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
定位段落中心，概括段落大意
一般而言，每个段落都有一个中心，且通常中心思想会在本段的首句或尾句体现出来，这就是常说的主题句。 由于文章内容和体裁的不同，作者的写作手法也不尽相同，主题句在段落中出现的位置也不固定。一般说来，采用归纳法的段落，细节表述在前，归纳概括在后，主题句在段尾；采用演绎法的段落，先提出观点，后演绎例证，由一般到特殊，主题句出现在段首；采用“特殊——一般——特殊”的方式，主题句可能出现在段落的中间。有时，作者没有写出明显的主题句，我们要学会根据段落的内容概括主题句，进而归纳出文章的主题。如上文第3题，第三段第一句和第二句点出了本段的主题。下文中又举例说明了这一主题，故可得出答案。



Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·日照校际学校联考)Ideally situated San Antonio Hotel＋Spa is only 150 meters away from the beautiful Qawra Promenade.This newly redecorated hotel offers an extensive range of modern facilities (设施), entertainment and animation programs and enjoys its own concession (特许经营权) on the nearby beach. It's an ideal choice for those seeking to relax and enjoy the best of what Malta has to offer.
Accommodation
San Antonio Hotel＋Spa offers big, modern rooms all with a balcony. Interconnecting rooms and disabled access rooms are available upon request. All the guest rooms are well equipped with heating and air conditioning, a private bathroom with a hairdryer, a telephone, a satellite TV, a mini­fridge, tea and coffee­making facilities, free Wi­Fi, and a ceiling fan.
Facilities
2 pools — an indoor pool (with a baby pool) and an outdoor pool
A health club including the fully­equipped gym, aerobic studio, steam bath, sauna and Jacuzzi
Private underground parking
Shops, restaurants and bars (the minibar only opens on request)
Meals & Drinks
Three meals a day, with lunch/dinner including house wine/beer, soft drinks, mineral water
Tea, coffee, soft drinks, local fruit juices，water, house beer/spirits, cocktails
Attention: Now a FREE room upgrade is provided; an upgrade is valid on inland and pool view rooms. A free upgrade to the next room category depends on availability and can be withdrawn at any time. The offer is valid on new bookings made between June 22 and July 1 with travel dates within July 1 to October 31 (staying for a minimum of 5 nights)．
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文，介绍了圣安东尼奥温泉酒店的住宿、设施及餐饮等情况。
1．What is the most typical feature of the hotel?
A．Traditional.　　　　 B．Kid­centered.
C．Well­equipped. D．The­disabled­accessible.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，这个重新装修过的酒店提供很多现代设施、娱乐项目，并且在附近的海滩具有特许经营权。从下文对其住宿及设施情况的描述也可知，设施齐全是这家酒店的最大特点。
2．What do we know about the hotel?
A．Its two pools are for adults only.
B．Its minibar is not always in business.
C．Mineral water is served during three meals.
D．Customers cannot make coffee by themselves there.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据Facilities的介绍中的“Shops, restaurants and bars (the minibar only opens on request)”可知，迷你吧经(顾客)要求才开放，不是一直开放，故B项正确。
3．Who may get a free upgraded room?
A．One who books before June 22.
B．One who books a double room.
C．One who books between June 22 and July 1 and stays from October 20 to 30.
D．One who will stay between July 1 and 3.
解析：选C　推理判断题。通过文章最后一句可知，在6月22日至7月1日期间预订且在7月1日至10月31日之间连续在酒店住至少5天的顾客可以免费获得一间升级房，故C项正确。
B
Absent employees cost you money for sure, but what about sick employees that come to work? Move over absenteeism.It seems “presenteeism” has become a far worse workplace problem in terms of causing loss, that is, loss of employee productivity and loss of employer dollars.By the way, presenteeism could mean the practice of workers working when ill and not operating on their usual level of productivity.The total cost of inefficiency of US employers has been increasing, ranging from about $150 to $250 billion annually, while cost of presenteeism makes up 60 percent of the total cost.
Dual­earner (双职工) families now account for about 2/3 of all married couples, up from 1/3 in the 1970s.Without a stay­at­home parent taking care of a sick child, more workers will go to work when ill in order to save their limited sick days (付薪病休日) for when their children are sick.
In today's workplaces, some workers go to work when sick also because they fear the following: appearing less hard­working, receiving disciplinary action (纪律处分), or even losing their jobs.A day or more off can also mean coming back with more work loads or missing work deadlines.
According to the 2004 CCH Survey, disciplinary action remained the most commonly used absence control program.Employers want their employees to be on the job and use as few sick days as possible, but CCH says employers that rely on disciplinary action are unknowingly encouraging presenteeism.Employers need to check and make sure that absence control programs are not counterproductive (达不到预期目标的)．Programs such as disciplinary action may in fact force sick employees to work, and this could encourage presenteeism.
Besides, set up and communicate policies.Help employees understand under what conditions they should stay home, and when it's OK to return to work.Employees need to know where their company stands on coming to work in sick, and how doing so can affect others.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。假性出勤(presenteeism)是近年来出现的一个新名词，它有很多意思，其中一个是指员工在生病时还继续上班的行为。有研究表明，假性出勤对企业造成的损失比起旷工还要严重。
4．What does the first paragraph mainly say about presenteeism?
A．The true meaning of it.
B．The huge loss caused by it.
C．Its difference from absenteeism.
D．Its connection with low productivity.
解析：选B　推理判断题。综合分析第一段可知，本段着重介绍presenteeism (假性出勤) 这一现象对企业造成的严重损失。
5．Why do more working parents prefer to work when ill?
A．To have time to care for sick kids.
B．To enjoy more family time later.
C．To earn more money for the family.
D．To live up to employers' expectations.
解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知，随着双职工家庭的增加，家长无法有一方在家照顾生病的孩子，因此更多的人生病也要上班，为的是把付薪病休日留出来，以备孩子生病时有人照顾。
6．What is the author's attitude to absence control programs?
A．Negative. B．Positive.
C．Cautious. D．Confused.
解析：选C　观点态度题。分析倒数第二段可知，目前纪律处分是控制缺勤最常用的办法，但研究表明它也会鼓励presenteeism (假性出勤)的发生，雇主应该确保控制缺勤的计划不会有消极的影响。由此可知，作者对于这些计划持谨慎态度。
7．Which of the following suggestions will the author give employers?
A．Offer longer paid sick leave.
B．Turn away those breaking the rules.
C．Create a more relaxed atmosphere.
D．Teach employees the related principles.
解析：选D　细节理解题。综合分析最后一段可知，作者建议雇主建立并推广公司的相关政策，帮助员工们理解什么情况下应该待在家里，什么时候可以回来工作。也就是使他们明白公司的相关原则。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2019·湖北八校联考)When I first came to Rochester from Austin, Texas — a place where fall is practically non­existent — I was excited for a real northern fall. But, I wasn't __1__ it to feel like Christmas in October.
Regardless of this __2__， and the adjustment period that I'm not entirely sure I'm __3__， I am thankful to be somewhere that has a __4__ fall. By “real” I __5__ a distinctive season, a(n) __6__ in the weather and a visual changing of the world around me. The leaves __7__ colors, it rains more often, the air is almost always __8__ and dry, and a light breeze __9__ me to walk a bit faster to get inside. Yes, it is more difficult to be __10__ outside in a Rochester fall — where it is not just “less hot” but __11__， fairly cold. But, I would argue that time spent outside in this season could be more __12__ than in the summer.
Everyone __13__ that fall is about change — I won't argue against that. Things do __14__ in the fall — the weather is __15__ becoming worse and worse, the dying leaves become warmly colored, and __16__ you know it, we'll be back to having only eight hours of sunlight a day.
This oncoming change is why I think it is so important to __17__ fall. Fall is not just about the __18__ of change, but also appreciating what will soon be __19__. Go __20__ this fall. Enjoy the leaves not because they are turning beautiful deep shades of orange and red, but because there will soon be no leaves in those branches at all.
语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。“我”从没有秋天的奥斯丁来到了罗切斯特市，为能在这里经历真正的秋天而兴奋不已。在秋天，天气逐渐变得寒冷，枯叶凋零，日照时间逐渐变短。一切都在变化着，去户外欣赏秋天是明智的选择。
1．A.interested in B．exposed to
C．ashamed of D．prepared for
解析：选D　“我”从没有秋天的奥斯丁来到了罗切斯特市。“我”为能经历真正的北方的秋天而兴奋不已。但是，这里的十月却如十二月的圣诞节时那样寒冷，“我”却没有准备好。be prepared for意为“为……做好准备”，符合语境。be interested in 意为“对……感兴趣”；be exposed to意为“暴露于……”；be ashamed of 意为“为……感到羞愧”。
2．A.accident B．possibility
C．shock D．motivation
解析：选C　根据上文中的“But, I wasn't ________ it to feel like”可知，此处指不管这种震惊。shock意为“震惊”，符合语境。accident意为“事故”；possibility意为“可能性”；motivation意为“动机”。
3．A.beyond B．against
C．for D．after
解析：选A　根据该句中的“the adjustment period that I'm not entirely sure”，并结合第一段所描述的“我”对这里的气温如圣诞节时那样寒冷感到不知所措的情况可以判断，“我”不能完全确信自己能跨越这个调整期。beyond意为“超过，越过”，符合语境。against意为“反对，违背”；for 意为“为了”；after意为“在……之后”。
4．A.rare B．real
C．hard D．strange
解析：选B　根据后一句中的“By ‘real’”可知，“我”为此处有真正的秋天而感到欣慰。real意为“真正的”，符合语境。rare意为“罕见的，稀有的”；hard意为“艰难的”；strange意为“奇怪的”。
5．A.take in B．pick up
C．call back D．refer to
解析：选D　通过说“真正的”，“我”指的是一个差别性明显的季节天气的转变和周围世界的视觉改变。refer to意为“提到，说起”，符合语境。take in意为“吸收，欺骗”；pick up意为“捡起，偶然学会”；call back意为“回电话”。
6．A.shift B．conclusion
C．improvement D．experience
解析：选A　参见上题解析。shift意为“转变”，符合语境。conclusion意为“结论”；improvement意为“提高”；experience意为“经历，经验”。
7．A.spoil B．keep
C．turn D．avoid
解析：选C　此处描述了秋天的情景：树叶变了颜色，经常下雨，空气几乎总是又冷又干燥。turn意为“改变，变成”，符合语境。spoil意为“损坏，宠坏，变坏，腐败”；keep意为“保持”；avoid意为“避免”。
8．A.cold B．warm
C．hot D．cozy
解析：选A　参见上题解析。cold意为“冷的”，符合语境。warm意为“温暖的”；hot意为“炎热的”；cozy意为“温暖舒适的”。
9．A.prevents B．expects
C．urges D．suspects
解析：选C　刮来的阵阵微风催促“我”快点进入室内。urge意为“敦促，促使”，符合语境。prevent意为“阻止”；expect意为“期望，盼望”；suspect意为“怀疑，猜想”。
10．A.grateful B．creative
C．considerate D．comfortable
解析：选D　在罗切斯特市，秋天相当冷，在户外很难让人感觉舒适。comfortable意为“舒适的”，符合语境。grateful意为“感谢的”；creative意为“有创造力的”；considerate意为“考虑周到的”。
11．A.luckily B．actually
C．helpfully D．instantly
解析：选B　这里不是“不炎热”，而实际上是相当冷。actually意为“事实上，实际上”，符合语境。luckily意为“幸运地”；helpfully意为“有帮助地”；instantly意为“立刻，马上”。
12．A.terrible B．casual
C．unpleasant D．valuable
解析：选D　根据语境可知，即便如此，“我”还是认为在这个季节去户外度过的时光可能要比夏季的更有价值。valuable意为“有价值的，珍贵的”，符合语境。terrible意为“可怕的”；casual意为“随便的”；unpleasant意为“使人不愉快的”。
13．A.questions B．emphasizes
C．recalls D．analyzes
解析：选B　人人都重视秋季的变化，“我”不反对这一点。emphasize意为“重视，强调”，符合语境。question意为“疑问”；recall意为“回想”；analyze意为“分析”。
14．A.relax B．change
C．harvest D．rest
解析：选B　根据该句中的“the weather is ________ becoming worse and worse, the dying leaves become warmly colored”可知，天气逐渐变得越来越寒冷，枯叶变成了暖色调；据此可以判断，在秋天，事物确实发生了变化。change意为“变化”，符合语境。relax意为“放松”；harvest意为“收获”；rest意为“休息”。
15．A.steadily B．hardly
C．accordingly D．narrowly
解析：选A　参见上题解析。steadily意为“稳定地，逐渐地”，符合语境。hardly意为“几乎不”；accordingly意为“相应地”；narrowly意为“狭窄地，勉强地”。
16．A.if B．since
C．as D．before
解析：选D　不知不觉中，一天就只有8个小时的阳光了。before you know it意为“在你知道之前”，表示“不知不觉中”。
17．A.control B．describe
C．appreciate D．hide
解析：选C　根据上文描述的对秋天感到兴奋和后一句中的“appreciating”可以判断，这个即将到来的变化就是为什么“我”认为欣赏秋天很重要。appreciate意为“欣赏”，符合语境。control意为“控制”；describe意为“描述”；hide意为“隐藏”。
18．A.process B．disadvantage
C．fear D．result
解析：选A　秋天不仅仅是关于变化的过程，我们还要去欣赏那些即将逝去的(事物)。process意为“过程”，符合语境。disadvantage意为“缺点，不利”；fear意为“害怕，担心”；result意为“结果”。
19．A.disappointing B．puzzling
C．gone D．broken
解析：选C　参见上题解析。gone意为“离开的”，符合语境。disappointing意为“令人失望的”；puzzling意为“令人迷惑的”；broken意为“破碎的”。
20．A.inside B．forward
C．backward D．outside
解析：选D　根据最后一句可知，赏叶不是因为它们正变成美丽的深橙色和红色，而是因为很快那些树枝上将没有树叶了。所以该句是在鼓励人们在这个秋天去户外。outside意为“在户外”；inside意为“在里面”；forward意为“向前”；backward意为“向后”。
Ⅲ.语法填空
Each year, thousands of people come to Shaanxi, China, to visit the Terracotta Army, which shows the armies of Qin Shi Huang, __1__ country's first emperor.
As one of the most famous tourist sights in the world, the Terracotta Army is a form of funerary (葬礼的) art __2__ (bury) with the First Emperor in 210 to 209 BC. It was designed __3__ (protect) the emperor in his afterlife.
Since their __4__ (discover), experts have questioned whether the life­size models of soldiers __5__ (base) on real warriors (勇士) or whether they came off a production line.
In October a BBC documentary (纪录片), The Greatest Tomb on Earth: Secrets of Ancient China, suggested the inspiration for the Terracotta Warriors may have come __6__ Ancient Greece, about __7__ archaeologist Li Xiuzhen said, “We now have evidence that close contact did exist between the First Emperor's China and the West.”
On the 41st International Museum Day, it was __8__ (official) announced that new technology has just made __9__ possible for visitors to be guided. Thanks to an interactive (交互式的) 360­degree video, visitors can choose to view the __10__ (figure) either in close­up or from a distance.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了秦始皇兵马俑的有关内容。
1．the　考查冠词。那展示了中国第一位皇帝秦始皇的军队。此处为特指，故用the。
2．buried　考查非谓语动词。兵马俑是一种葬礼的艺术形式，与中国的第一位皇帝一同被埋葬。此处动词bury与逻辑主语the Terracotta Army之间为动宾关系，且与主句谓语动词之间没有连词，故用过去分词buried。
3．to protect　考查固定用法。be designed to do sth.“被设计来做某事”为固定用法。
4．discovery　考查词性转换。根据空前的“their”可知，此处应用名词表示“发现”，故填discovery。
5．were based　考查固定搭配。be based on ... “以……为根据/基础”为固定搭配。
6．from　考查介词。建造兵马俑的灵感可能来自古希腊。come from ...意为“来自……”。
7．which　考查定语从句。根据语境和句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，空处指代前面主句的内容，且在定语从句中位于介词“about”后作宾语，故填which。
8．officially　考查词性转换。修饰动词“announced”用副词。
9．it　考查代词。新的科技已经让游客得到引导成为可能。此处it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面的“to be guided”。
10．figures　考查名词。幸亏有了360度交互式视频，游客可以选择从近处或远处观看这些兵马俑。根据上文和常识可知，兵马俑不止一个，故填figures。figure“身影，人影”。
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2019·呼和浩特调研)An opening week held in our school last week so that we could show a great achievements we made in art education.
The art works exhibition went on from Monday to Friday, exhibit the excellent art works, such as paper cuts, paintings and flower arrangements. Both of the art works were created by the students of our school. That attracted the public most was the singing and dancing performances in Friday afternoon. All these activities draw the close attention of the public and parents as well, receiving high praises from the public.
Through these activity, the public has a better understanding of our school. As a result of, we all think that the opening week was of great successful.
答案：第一句：held前加was; a→the
第二句：exhibit→exhibiting
第三句：Both→All
第四句：That→What; in→on
第五句：draw→drew
第六句：activity→activities
第七句：去掉第一个of; successful→success