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2020版高考新创新一轮复习英语译林版学案：必修4Unit2Sportsevents
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Unit 2 Sports events
一、课前基础自查
(一)分类记单词——省时高效
Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1．committee n． 委员会
2．contemporary adj. 现代的，当代的；同一时代的
3．boundary n. 边界，界限
4．referee n. 裁判；推荐人
5．whistle n. 哨子，口哨；呼啸，鸣叫
vi. 吹口哨，吹哨子；呼啸，鸣叫
6．nation n. 国家，民族；全体国民
7．flame n. 火焰
8．gymnastics n. 体操，体操训练
9．movement n. 社会运动；移动，活动；进展
10．continent n. 洲，大陆
11．citizen n. 公民；居民
12．toast n. 烤面包片；干杯，敬酒
vt. 烤(面包)；为……干杯
13．stadium n. 体育场，运动场
14．joy n. 喜悦，欢乐
15．outdoors adv. 往户外，在户外
n. 户外；野外
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1．attempt n．& vt. 尝试，努力，试图
2．otherwise adv. 否则，不然
3．remove vt. 去除，移开；开除；免除，解除(职务)
4．tie vt. 打成平局；(用绳、线)系，绑，捆
5．delighted adj. 愉快的，高兴的
6．honour n. 尊敬；荣幸；节操；荣誉
vt. 尊敬，尊重(某人)
7．meanwhile adv. 与此同时；在此期间
8．precious adj. 宝贵的，珍贵的
9．routine n．& adj. 常规(的)
10．budget n. 预算
vi.& vt. 编制预算
11．wellknown adj. 著名的
12．origin n. 起源，起因；出身
13．association n. 协会，社团；关联；联想
14．reporter n. 记者
15．transport n. 交通运输系统；交通工具；运输
vt. 运输，运送
Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)
1．compete vi.比赛；竞争→competition n．比赛；竞争→competitive adj.竞争的，竞赛的→competitor n．比赛者；竞赛者
2．absence n．缺席，不在场；不存在→absent adj.缺席的，缺少的；心不在焉的
3．power n．力量；能量；权力；影响力；统治vt.驱动，提供动力→powerful adj.强大的，强有力的
4．excite vt.使激动，使兴奋→excited adj.兴奋的，激动的→exciting adj.令人激动的，使人兴奋的→excitement n．兴奋，激动
5．tradition n．传统；风俗→traditional adj.传统的
6．technique n．技术，工艺，技巧→technical adj.技术的；工艺的→technology n．技术；科技
7．unfair adj.不公正的，不公平的→fair adj.公平的
8．frequent adj.频繁的，经常发生的→frequently adv.屡次；频繁地→frequency n．频率，频繁
9．champion n．冠军，优胜者→championship n．锦标赛；冠军称号
10．significance n．重要性，意义→significant adj.有重大意义的；显著的
[语境活用]
1．The competition is very fierce — hundreds of competitors are competing for 56 medals, so I regret having taken part in this competitive game.(compete)
2．I was excited to know that Beijing would be the city to host the 2022 Winter Olympics. When I told my brother the exciting news, he jumped with excitement.(excite)
3．He is always absent from class, and his absence makes his headteacher angry.(absence)
4．Frequently going out on a date may result in frequent absence from classes, which will interfere with their studies.(frequent)
5．Life is totally fair. We just see it as unfair because it's either we expected too much or we gave up already.(fair)
6．The typist learned the technique of typing in that technical school.(technique)
7．China, an ancient country of over 5,000 years of history and cultural tradition,_has a profound traditional cultural foundation.(tradition)
8．The significant discovery of new gas field in South China Sea is of great significance to our country's economy.(significant)
(二)练中记短语——记牢用活
写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.by_tradition 按照传统
2．take_part_in 参加
3．in_honour_of 为向……表示敬意
4．bring_..._back_to_life 使……重生
5．side_by_side 共同；肩并肩
6．lead_the_way 领先；带路
7．hang_on (在逆境中)坚持
8．look_forward_to 盼望，期望
9．come_up_with 提出
10．look_out_for 当心，小心
11．knock_over 打翻，撞倒
12．make_way_for 给……让路，让位于……
13．apply_to 适用于，应用于
14．pass_sth._on_(to_sb.) 转交，传给，递给
15．keep_a_close_watch_on 密切关注……
16．by_accident 偶然，意外地
1.The professor felt it a great honour to be asked to speak at the meeting held in_honour_of the school's birthday.
2．There are three more weeks to go before the NMET. Don't let the air out and hang_on.
3．Chinese people, by_tradition,_will rush to have their hair cut on the second day of the second lunar month, hoping that it will bring good fortune.
4．In some places of the Great Wall, ten men can walk side_by_side.
5．I had worked hard all day at the office, and I was looking_forward_to a relaxing evening at home.
6．But for the Indian boy who led_the_way,_I would have got lost in the jungle.
7．I wish I could pass all my knowledge at one stroke on_to these young people.
8．The world makes_way_for a man who knows where he is going.
(三)仿写明句式——以用为本
教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.He dreamt that the Olympics would make it possible for people of all countries to live side by side in peace.
他梦想着奥运会可以让各国人民和平相处。
make it＋adj./n.＋(for sb.) to do sth.意为“使某人做某事怎么样”。
(2016·北京高考单选改编)为了更便于联系我们，你最好将这张卡片放在身边。
To_make_it_easier_to_get_in_touch_with_us,_you'd better keep this card at hand.
2.I am sure the whole of China must have felt proud when Xu Haifeng won the first gold medal for his country.
我相信，当许海峰为自己的祖国赢得第一枚金牌时，整个中国一定都为之骄傲。
must have done表示对过去的肯定性推测，意为“一定已经做了”。
(2015·湖南高考单选改编)他肯定已经感觉到了我正在看他。他突然扫视了我一眼然后平静地说：“你为什么一直那样看着我？”
He must_have_sensed that I was looking at him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly，“Why are you staring at me like that？”
3.The Eagles went home angry and bitter because they did not win the tournament.
鹰队在锦标赛上铩羽而归，既恼火又愤愤不平。
形容词(angry and bitter)作状语，用来说明主语的状态。
最重要的是，我们对他有信心。
Most_important_of_all,_we have faith in him.
二、课堂重点深化
1．delighted adj.高兴的，快乐的
[自主体验]
用delight的相关短语完成小片段
Much ①to_my_delight (让我高兴的是), my son ② takes_delight_in (以……为乐) learning English.He ③is_delighted_to (乐意……) listen to English songs and sing after the tape again and again.Yesterday he came home ④with/in_delight (高兴地) and ⑤delighted_me_with (用……让我高兴) the good news that he won the first place in an English competition.
[系统归纳]
(1)be delighted at/with/by ... 对……高兴
be delighted to do sth. 很高兴做某事
be delighted ＋ that从句 很高兴……
(2)delight n． [U]高兴，快乐；[C]使人高兴的事，乐事
vt. & vi. (使)高兴
have/find/take delight in (doing) ... 高兴(做)……；
以(做)……为乐
to one's delight/to the delight of sb. 令某人高兴的是
with/in delight 高兴地，乐意地
(3)delightful adj. 令人愉快的
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑥I can't tell you how delightful I was when I received the beautiful birthday present you gave me.delightful→delighted
佳句时时写
⑦(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)知道你对唐诗感兴趣，我很高兴。现在我写信告诉你下一节课的计划。
I_am_delighted_to_know_you_are_interested_in_Tang_poems._Now_I'm_writing_to_tell_you_the_plan_for_the_next_class.
2．compete vi.比赛；竞争
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①I am very delighted at getting a chance to_compete (compete) in the final.
②He was clever enough to compete for the mathematics scholarship.
③Nobody can entirely keep away from this competitive (compete) world.
[系统归纳]
(1)compete in 参加……比赛；在……方面竞争
compete for 为……而竞争
compete with/against ...for 为争取……而与……对抗/竞争
(2)competition n. 比赛
competitor n. 竞争者；对手
competitive adj. 有竞争力的
[重点强化]
易错处处防
④He was lucky that he at last got a chance to compete the Olympics.compete后加in
佳句时时写
⑤(2013·天津高考书面表达)我们可以在辩论比赛或演讲比赛中与其他大学的学生进行竞争。
We_can_compete_with_students_from_other_universities_in_debate_contests_or_speech_contests.
3．honour n．尊敬；荣幸；节操；荣誉vt.尊敬，尊重(某人)；给予荣誉
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①I feel honoured (honour) to be invited to give you a lecture on how to improve English reading ability.
②I have the honour to_make (make) a speech to welcome the respected guests.
③We celebrate Teachers' Day every year in honour of teachers.
一句多译
我很荣幸能代表我们公司参加这次会议。
④I have_the_honour_of_attending the conference on behalf of our company.(honour)
⑤It_is_my_honour_to_attend the conference on behalf of our company.(honour)
⑥I feel_honoured_to_attend the conference on behalf of our company.(honoured)
[系统归纳]
(1)in honour of 为了纪念，为了庆祝
in one's honour 为了纪念某人
be one's honour to do sth. 某人很荣幸做某事
have the honour of doing/to do sth. 有幸做某事
It is sb.'s/an honour to do sth. 做某事是某人的荣幸/
一件荣幸的事
(2)honoured adj. 受尊敬的，感到荣幸的
be/feel honoured to do sth. 很荣幸做某事
be honoured with ... 被授予……
be honoured as ... 被授予……的称号
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑦Washington, a state in the United States, was named in the honour of one of the greatest American Presidents.去掉第二个the
佳句时时写
⑧(2014·江西高考书面表达)我很荣幸能与你们分享我对高中学习的看法。
It_is_my_honour_to_be_here_to_share_with_you_my_opinions_on_what_to_learn_in_senior_high_school.
4．absence n．缺席，不在场；不存在；缺乏，没有
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①I will go on a business trip tomorrow; Mark will be in charge of the company in/during my absence.
②He was absent from the conference yesterday because of his sudden heart disease.
完成句子
③However, learning English as a foreign language is very difficult in_the_absence_of_a_native_environment (在缺乏母语环境的时候)．
④The total absence_of_mind (心不在焉) caused him to fail the exam.
[系统归纳]
(1)absence from work/class 缺勤/缺课
in/during one's absence ＝ in/during the absence of
在某人不在/缺席的时候
in/during the absence of sth. 在缺乏某物的时候
absence of mind(＝absentminded adj.) 心不在焉
(2)absent adj. 不在的；缺席的；茫然的
be absent from 不参加……；缺席……
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑤He couldn't account for his absence of school for a whole day.of→from
佳句时时写
⑥(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)电影结束后，每个班级都应该进行讨论，任何人不允许缺席。
After_the_film,_each_class_is_supposed_to_have_a_discussion_and_no_one_shall_be_absent_from_it.
[名师指津]
如：absent from Shanghai“不在上海”；absent in Shanghai“在上海”。
5．attempt n．& vt.尝试，努力，试图；企图
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①He attempted to_get (get) in touch with them but without success.
②Jim had prepared carefully for his driving test so that he could be sure of passing it at_the first attempt.
③The man was being questioned about the attempted (attempt) murder last night.
句型转换
④He attempted to pass the CET4, but failed in the end.
→He made an attempt at passing/to pass the CET4, but failed in the end.
[系统归纳]
(1)make an attempt to do/at doing sth. 试图做某事
at the first attempt 第一次尝试
(2)attempt to do sth.＝ try/seek to do sth. 努力做某事；试图做某事
(3)attempted adj. 未遂的
[重点强化]
易错对对碰(attempt/manage)
⑤Mr. Brown attempted to get a higher position in the company, but the manager said he was not the right person.
⑥He can manage to get us some tickets; I always trust him.
佳句时时写
⑦(2018·北京高考书面表达)他们迫不及待地想要自己尝试一下。
They_couldn't_wait_to_have_an_attempt_for_themselves.
⑧(2018·北京高考书面表达)不久随着每个外国学生尝试自己泡茶，茶室很快热闹起来。
Soon_the_tea_room_became_lively_with_every_international_student_attempting_to_make_their_own_tea.
[名师指津] attempt to do sth.和try/seek to do sth.一样，强调的是努力做某事的过程，不一定成功；而manage to do sth.则表示“设法做成某事”，强调结果。
6．otherwise adv.& conj.否则，不然adv.在其他方面；不同地
[自主体验]
写出下列句中otherwise的含义
①He intended to be a teacher in a university but fate decided otherwise.不同地
②Always follow the doctor's advice for appropriate wear. Otherwise, you may have problems.否则，不然
③She is not very clever, but otherwise she's a nice girl.在其他方面
同义句转换
④Seize the chance; or_else (＝otherwise) you will regret it.
⑤The rent is high, but in_the_other_way (＝otherwise) the house is satisfactory.
[系统归纳]
(1)otherwise (conj.)＝or/or else 否则，不然
(2)otherwise (adv.)＝differently/in another way
＝in the other way/in a different way 不同地，在其他方面
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑥Thank you for your timely help; otherwise we are in great trouble now.are→would_be
佳句时时写
⑦(2011·四川高考书面表达)建议所有参加摘苹果的人都应该戴上帽子和手套，要不然会有很多树叶或脏东西掉到你的头上，弄脏你的手。
It_is_suggested_that_all_the_people_who_will_join_in_picking_apples_should_wear_a_hat_and_a_pair_of_gloves._Otherwise,_there_will_be_a_lot_of_leaves_or_dirty_things_that_will_fall_on_your_head_and_make_your_hands_dirty.
[名师指津] otherwise作连词且意为“否则，不然”时，其后的句子所描述的情况如果与事实相反，则用虚拟语气；如果与事实相符，则用陈述语气。
7．remove vt.去除，移开；开除；免除，解除(职务)；脱去(衣物)；拿走；搬迁
[自主体验]
写出下列句中remove的含义
①If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not notice.拿走
②He removed his jacket when he arrived home.脱掉
③He was severely criticized and removed from his post.免职
④The agreement removes the last serious obstacle to the signing of the treaty.去除
⑤Three children were removed from school for bad behaviors.开除
单句语法填空
⑥Students removed several desks from their classroom to another one.
⑦Reference books may not be removed from the library.
⑧The factory announced its removal (remove) to another town.
[系统归纳]
(1)remove ...from ... 把……从……移开
remove from ...to ... 把……搬到……
remove sb. from school 开除某人，勒令某人退学
(2)removal n. 移植；解除；搬迁；免职
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑨With the misunderstanding being removed, the two old friends made up happily.去掉being
佳句时时写
⑩(2011·江苏高考书面表达)意识到一天的工作之后她妈妈一定很累了，这个女孩帮妈妈把包从肩膀上拿下来。
Realizing_her_mom_must_be_very_tired_after_a_day's_work,_the_girl_helps_to_remove_the_bag_from_her_shoulder.
8．power n．力量；能量(尤指电)；影响力；权力；统治；能力vt.驱动，提供动力
[自主体验]
写出下列句中power的含义
①Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred.电，电力
②It is said that he has the power of holding his audience.能力
③So enormous was the hurricane's power that it carried away the whole building.力量
④The police and the army have been given special powers to deal with such a situation.权力
⑤All these modern educational aids are powered by electricity.提供动力
单句语法填空
⑥The government wilted (畏缩) in the face of such powerful (power) pressure.
⑦Not that I don't want to help you, but that it's beyond my power to do so.
[系统归纳]
(1)be in power 掌权，执政(表示状态)
come to/into power 上台，执政(表示动作)
in/within one's power 在某人的能力/权力范围之内
out of/beyond one's power 超出某人的能力
(2)powerful adj. 强有力的，强大的
[重点强化]
易错对对碰(be in power/come into power)
⑧Though he has been_in_power for two years, he hasn't found an effective solution to the country's economic problems.
⑨It has been five years since he came_into_power.
佳句时时写
⑩(2013·湖北高考书面表达)直到那时，我才意识到语言在积极和消极方面都有强大的力量。
Not_until_then_did_I_realize_words_could_be_powerful_in_both_positive_and_negative_ways.
1．hang on (＝ hold on) 不挂断；(在逆境中)坚持；紧紧握住，保留(to sth.)
[自主体验]
写出下列句中hang on的含义
①It's hard work, but if you hang on, you are sure to succeed in the end.(在逆境中)坚持
②There are some people who hang on to their jobs long after they should have retired. 紧紧抓住，保留
③James will be back at once, hang on.别挂断
[系统归纳]
hang on to 抓紧；保留，不卖掉，不放弃
hang up (on sb.) 挂断(某人的)电话
hang out 晾出；闲逛
hang about/around 徘徊，闲荡
[重点强化]
用法条条清(选用上述短语填空)
④While I was talking with a friend on the phone, he suddenly hung_up on me.
⑤The principal warned the students not to hang_around/about the corner grocery store after school.
⑥It was so windy that I had to hang_on_to my hat all the way along the street.
佳句时时写
⑦(2015·福建高考书面表达)无论形势多么困难，都要不遗余力地获取知识并坚持下去。
Spare_no_effort_to_acquire_knowledge_and_hang_on_no_matter_how_difficult_the_situation_may_be.
2．make way for给……让路，让位于……
[系统归纳]
make one's way to 向……走去
give way to 让路；让步；被……代替
in the way 挡路，挡道，妨碍
in a way 在某种意义上
in no way 绝不(位于句首，句子要部分倒装)
under way 在进行，在举行
on the way 在路上；将要发生
[重点强化]
用法条条清(选用上述短语填空)
①Many houses are being knocked down to make_way_for a new park.
②No doubt he was just trying to help, but in fact he just got in_the_way.
③In_no_way can teaching in school be separated from practice.
④An investigation is under_way to find out how the disaster happened.
佳句时时写
⑤(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)一般来说，你的抵达时间绝不能晚于约定的时间。
Generally_speaking,_in_no_way_should_your_arrival_be_later_than_the_fixed_time.
3．make it＋adj.＋for sb. to do sth.
[教材原句] He dreamt that the Olympics would make_it_possible_for_people_of_all_countries_to_live side by side in peace.
[自主体验]
①The rapid development of science and technology makes it possible for us_to_do (do) what we couldn't do in the past.
科技的迅速发展使得我们可以做过去不能做的事情。
②Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
苏珊清楚地向我表明，她希望为自己创造新的生活。
③I consider it no use quarrelling (quarrel) with him about it.
我认为就这件事和他争吵是没有用的。
[归纳点拨]
用法规则
(1)“动词＋it＋adj./n.＋to do sth.”句式中，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式。
(2)“动词＋it＋adj./n.＋that”句式中，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是that从句。
(3)“动词＋it＋no good/no use ...＋doing sth.”句式中，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是动名词。
注意事项
(1)常跟it作形式宾语的动词有：believe, think, feel, find, notice, make等；
(2)在习惯用法中，hate, like, love, appreciate, enjoy, take, have后常先接it再接由if或when等引导的从句。
[佳句背诵]
①(精彩开头句)(2017·全国卷Ⅰ写作佳句)I think it great fun to learn the poems written in the Tang Dynasty with you.
②(增分要点句)(2011·新课标卷写作佳句)My English is just OK and the two main problems in my study are that I feel it difficult to learn words by heart, and that I often feel nervous when speaking English.
4．形容词(短语)作状语
[教材原句] The Eagles went home angry_and_bitter because they did not win the tournament.
[自主体验]
①Eager_to_see_the_sunrise,_they got up at four.
急于去看日出，他们4点就起床了。
②One woman was lying in bed, awake,_listening to the rushing winds.
一位女士躺在床上，没有睡着，听着那急促的风声。
③When it was his turn to deliver his speech, he walked towards the microphone, nervous_and_embarrassed.
当轮到他发表演讲时，他朝麦克风走去，紧张而又尴尬。
[归纳点拨]
形容词(短语)作状语：,结构：可以是单个形容词，也可以是形容词短语，一般要用逗号将其和句子的其他部分分开。,位置：通常位于句子主语前或句子主语后，有时位于句末。,作用：一般用于说明句子主语的特点或处于某种状态，可表示原因、结果、伴随等情况。
[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)(2015·福建高考写作佳句)Being poor, the boy couldn't afford even a candle.
②(增分要点句)(2017·天津高考写作佳句)Much interested in the activity, I would like to apply to be a volunteer.
③(精彩收尾句)(2013·江西高考写作佳句)After a whole day's hiking, we arrived home, tired and hungry.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I've been asked to chair the committee (委员会) the next year.
2．I was absolutely delighted (高兴的) with the brilliant sunshine shining through the window.
3．The team we will compete (比赛) with is the champion of last season.
4．We've budgeted (为……预算) for a new car next year.
5．There were nearly one hundred guests at the party so no one noticed Mary's absence (缺席)．
6．He failed in his attempt (尝试) to take control of the company.
7．Often, the simplest answer is just to remove (离开) yourself from the situation.
8．Liu Jiao ran all the way to school; otherwise (不然) she'd have been late.
9．It shouldn't take too long to get back to our old routine (惯例)．
10．It's easier to get to the college if you have your own transport (交通工具)．
11．The doll is very precious (珍贵的) to me because it was my mother who bought it for me.
12．The professor published a book on the origins (起源) of life on the earth.
13．He developed a close association (联系) with the university.
14．Her headaches are becoming less frequent (经常发生的)．
15．She's a wonderful skater, and her technique (技术) is superb.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The secretary has been removed from her position for her negligence.
2．I had a bad cold, otherwise I would_have_visited (visit) you last week.
3．Mary is a kindhearted lady with a positive attitude towards life because she takes delight in helping others.
4．When I spoke to him, he looked at me in an absent (absence) way and didn't answer.
5．His uncle tells him that if his cousin wins the competition (compete), the family will win an overseas tour for free.
6．Jack quickly established himself as a powerful (power) member of the new company.
7．In our hometown, it is traditional (tradition) to visit relatives one by one during the Spring Festival.
8．Timely encouragement from a teacher is very significant (significance) to his/her students.
9．John did not like his job, but he decided to hang on to it until he found a better one.
10．The experienced artisan would pass the tricks of the trade on to the apprentice.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．She was proud as a peacock when she passed her driving test in the first attempt.in→at
2．Delightful to hear of my appointment as chairman of Board, he offered his sincere congratulations.Delightful→Delighted
3．He felt it honour to be invited to such an important conference.it后加an
4．Much for our excitement, no one raised objection at the meeting yesterday.for→to
5．Life is like a long race where we often compete for others to go beyond ourselves.for→with
6．So excited was the game that I forgot all about the coming finals.excited→exciting
7．When I got off the crowded bus, I found my pocket steal and the disk in it with the important documents gone.steal→stolen
8．Too nervously to reply, he stared at the floor.nervously→nervous
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．You'd better go now, otherwise_you'll_miss_the_train.
你最好现在就走，要不然就赶不上火车了。
2．I've made_an_attempt_to convince her, but in vain.
我试图说服她，但是徒劳无果。
3．Only the greatest athletes can compete_in this demanding event.
只有最了不起的运动员才能角逐这种吃力的运动项目。
4．When older men retired they made_way_for younger men to take their places.
当老年人退休时，他们为年轻人让路，让他们来取代自己的位置。
5．He stands there, full_of_fear.
他站在那里，充满了恐惧。
6．They_found_it_difficult_to_finish the job in such a short time.
他们觉得很难在这么短的时间内完成工作。
7．To_my_excitement,_my mother came to see me dance together with my father.
让我兴奋的是，妈妈和爸爸一起来看我跳舞了。
8．You_must_have_gone_to_bed_very_late_last_night,_for your eyes are red.
昨天晚上你一定睡得很晚，因为你的眼睛都红了。
本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与社会”中的“体育活动、大型体育赛事”子话题相对应
一、话题语素积累多一点
子话题——体育活动、大型体育赛事
(一)浅易词汇温一温
①basketball ②football ③tennis ④race
⑤swimming ⑥shooting ⑦high jump ⑧long jump
⑨walker ⑩jog ⑪event ⑫match
⑬competition ⑭performance ⑮win ⑯beat/defeat
⑰medal ⑱attend ⑲hit ⑳professional title cheer outstanding talent
(二)生疏词汇记一记
①gymnastics n．体操 ②athletics n．田径
③relay n．接力 ④diving n．跳水
⑤weightlifting n．举重 ⑥boxing n．拳击(运动)
⑦track n．跑道 ⑧athlete/player n．运动员
⑨coach n．教练 ⑩referee n．裁判
⑪court n．球场 ⑫stadium n．体育场
⑬cheer v．加油 ⑭laughter n．笑声
⑮platform n．平台 ⑯impressive adj.印象深刻的
⑰unexpectedly adv.预料不到地 ⑱glory n．巨大的光荣，荣誉
⑲tournament n．锦标赛，联赛 ⑳deserve vt.应得，应受
competitive adj.有竞争力的 appoint v．任命
(三)常用词块忆一忆
①field events 田赛
②track events 竞赛
③swimming pool 游泳池
④diving platform 跳台
⑤starting/finishing line 起点/终点线
⑥in high spirits 精神抖擞
⑦get first/second place 获得第一/二名
⑧national team 国家队
⑨sports talent 运动才能
⑩sports meeting 运动会
⑪unforgettable experience 难忘的经历
⑫hard training 艰苦的训练
⑬pay off 有所回报
⑭a close game 一场势均力敌的比赛
⑮break the record 打破纪录
⑯in the history of 在……的历史上
⑰opening parade 开幕式游行
⑱stay in shape 保持体形
(四)写作佳句背一背
①The athletes never give up and fight for the last minute.They inspire people to hold on, and their spirit moves so many people.
②There is no doubt that sport is good for our health.
③A person who takes exercises regularly will keep fit.What's more, exercise can make you feel confident.
④Sports are looked upon as the most popular form of relaxation that everybody can enjoy.
二、话题书面表达亮一点
假如你是李华，你的美国笔友Mark为完成老师安排的作业，向你询问有关中国的一位篮球运动员的信息，请你给他写一封邮件，简要介绍该运动员。内容主要包括其身份地位、成长经历和在篮球运动方面的成就。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[写作4步走]
第一步：句写对——给词写句
player, introduce, in the history of, show, talent, admit, national team, train, topclass, at one point, hit, appoint, coach, retirement, generation, typical, method
1．很高兴得知你想了解中国的一位知名篮球运动员的信息。
I'm_glad_to_know_that_you_would_like_to_learn_something_about_a_famous_basketball_player_in_China.
2．下面是我想向你介绍的一些情况。
Here_is_something_that_I'd_like_to_introduce_to_you.
3．他是篮球史上最优秀的运动员之一。
He_is_one_of_the_most_excellent_players_in_the_history_of_basketball.
4．他展现出了在运动方面的天赋。
He_showed_the_talent_for_sports.
5．他被国家队录取。
He_was_admitted_to_the_national_team.
6．在那儿他接受训练并成为一流球员。
He_was_trained_and_became_topclass_there.
7．他一度成为热点人物。
He_at_one_point_became_a_hit.
8．2017年退役后他被任命为教练。
He_was_appointed_as_a_coach_after_retirement_in_2017.
9．他开始用他的特别的方法训练下一代。
He_began_to_train_the_next_generation_with_his_typical_method.
10．希望我的介绍能对你有所帮助。
I_hope_my_introduction_is_helpful_to_you.
第二步：量写够——语句扩充
11．在句3中加上“毫无疑问……”构成主从复合句。
There_is_no_doubt_that_he_is_one_of_the_most_excellent_players_in_the_history_of_basketball.
12．在句4中加上时间状语“在5岁时”以及并列成分“引起了一位著名教练的注意”。
At_the_age_of_five,_he_showed_the_talent_for_sports_and_drew_a_famous_coach's_attention.
13．在句5中加上时间状语从句“在他上中学之前”。
Before_he_attended_middle_school,_he_was_admitted_to_the_national_team.
14．在句6中“接受”后加上定语“根据自身特点的”。
He_was_trained_based_on_his_features_and_became_topclass_there.
15．在句7中加上原因状语“由于刻苦、认真”和并列成分“他很快取得了骄人的成绩”。
Because_he_was_hardworking_and_serious,_he_quickly_achieved_remarkable_results_and_at_one_point_became_a_hit.
16．在句9中加上时间状语“从那时起”。
From_then_on,_he_began_to_train_the_next_generation_with_his_typical_method.
第三步：语写美——词句升格
17．用高级词汇outstanding升格句11中的excellent。
18．用定语从句合并句13、14。
Before_he_attended_middle_school,_he_was_admitted_to_the_national_team,_where_he_was_trained_based_on_his_features_and_became_topclass_there.
19．用形容词作补语改写句15。
Hardworking_and_serious,_he_quickly_achieved_remarkable_results_and_at_one_point_became_a_hit.
第四步：篇连顺——衔接成文
本文时间线索比较明确，语句衔接自然，前后连贯，无须额外添加衔接词
Dear_Mark，
I'm_glad_to_know_that_you_would_like_to_learn_something_about_a_famous_basketball_player_in_China.Here_is_something_that_I'd_like_to_introduce_to_you.
There_is_no_doubt_that_he_is_one_of_the_most_outstanding_players_in_the_history_of_basketball.At_the_age_of_five,_he_showed_the_talent_for_sports_and_drew_a_famous_coach's_attention.Before_he_attended_middle_school,_he_was_admitted_to_the_national_team,_where_he_was_trained_based_on_his_features_and_became_topclass_there.Hardworking_and_serious,_he_quickly_achieved_remarkable_results_and_at_one_point_became_a_hit.He_was_appointed_as_a_coach_after_retirement_in_2017.From_then_on,_he_began_to_train_the_next_generation_with_his_typical_method.
I_hope_my_introduction_is_helpful_to_you.
Yours，
Li_Hua
Ⅰ.根据提示填空
Pedestrianism, an early form of racewalking, was a(n) ❶extremely (extreme) popular sport in 18th and 19thcentury Britain, ❷attracting (attract) huge crowds of spectators (观众)．Individuals would either aim to walk a certain distance within a(n) ❸limited (limit) period of time or compete against other pedestrians.
Perhaps the most famous ❹walker (walk) was Captain Robert Barclay Allardice, whose extraordinary (非凡的) achievements earned him the ❺title (称号) of the “Celebrated Pedestrian”．The Scotsman's most memorable ❻performance (perform) took place in 1809, when he walked 1,000 miles in 1,000 hours for a bet of 1,000 guineas (an old British unit of money)．Many considered it unlikely that he would ❼complete_the_challenge (完成这次挑战), which required him to walk a mile an hour, for fortytwo days and nights.He proved them wrong, though the task was so ❽physically (身体上) demanding that by the end of the walk he had lost nearly fifteen kilos in weight.
Since the 20th century, interest in walking as a sport ❾has_dropped (drop)．Racewalking is still an Olympic sport, but fails to_catch (catch) the public attention as it did.
Ⅱ.片段选词填空
performance， impressive， athlete， sports meeting， opening parade， make a lot of preparations， high jump， training， win the second place， pay off， unforgettable experience， event
Last weekend our school held a ❶sports_meeting.Realizing it was our last high school sports meeting, we decided to make it an ❷unforgettable_experience for all of us.
We first attended the ❸opening_parade,_for which our class ❹had_made_a_lot_of_preparations.To our excitement, our parade ❺performance was a great success.After the parade, the games started.My classmates attended various ❻events_such as running, ❼high_jump and long jump.Due to the hard ❽training they had done before, their performances were very ❾impressive.On the stand, my classmates applauded and cheered for the athletes,_some raising their cameras to capture the exciting moments.Finally, the result was announced.It was amazing that our class _won_the_second_place.Our efforts paid_off! Cup in hand, we took a picture together.
I believe this sports meeting will remain a precious memory for all of us as time goes by.
一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)When fat and salt are_removed (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.
2．(2016·浙江高考)When the time came to make the final (finally) decision for a course, I decided to apply for the one that reflected my interest.
3．(2015·天津高考)—Jack, you seem excited (excite)．
—Guess what? I won the first prize in the English speech contest.
4．(2015·福建高考)To my delight (delighted), I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.
5．(2014·江苏高考)Legend has it that the origin (original) of the Dragon Boat Festival is to recall the soul of Qu Yuan.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
precious, finally, significance, traditional, delight, budget, joy, excited
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)And, even if I weren't __43__ enough about free credits, news about our instructor was appealing enough to me.____________
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Two weeks earlier, my son, Ben, had got in touch.He'd moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since I'd last seen him.So imagine my __42__ when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me.____________
3．(2018·江苏高考)When leaving home, Raynor and Moth had just ￡320 in the bank.They planned to keep the __41__ low by living on boiled noodles, with the occasional hamburger shop treat.____________
4．(2017·浙江高考)When the war was near, Alia was worried that the fires of war would destroy the books, which are more __39__ to her than mountains of gold.____________
5．(2016·天津高考)Cathy suffered some terrible illness in her early childhood.After years of regular treatment, she __17__ became healthy.____________
6．(2016·浙江高考)I was dumbfounded (惊呆) at the __54__ of it.Yes, you can fool everyone else, but you cannot “fool the chickens”， because in the end, you will find out, as the saying goes, “What goes around comes around.”____________
7．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Where do you go when you want to learn something? School? A friend? A tutor? These are all __41__ places of learning.____________
8．(2015·重庆高考)Upon her return home, Alice was filled with __26__ at the news.So was I．____________
答案：1.excited 2.delight 3.budget 4.precious 5.finally
6．significance 7.traditional 8.joy
二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度
新高考下的命题新视角：2020年，第32届夏季奥运会将在东京举行，发源于两千多年前的奥林匹克运动会将体育运动的多种功能发挥得淋漓尽致。体育运动不仅可以强身健体，更是一个国家强大的表现。新时代的教育更是倡导德智体美劳共同发展，体育运动在教育教学中一直备受关注，也是高考选材的热门话题。
[话题感悟]
学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
(加彩词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
For a while, my neighborhood was taken over by an army of joggers (慢跑者)．They were there all the time: early mornings, noons, and evenings.There were little old ladies in gray sweats, young couples in Adidas shoes, middleaged men with red faces.“Come on！” My friend Alex encouraged me to join him as he jogged by my house every evening.“You'll feel great.”
Well, I had nothing against feeling great and if Alex could jog every day, anyone could.So I took up jogging seriously and gave it a good two months of my life, and not a day more.Based on my experience, jogging is the most overvalued form of exercise around, and judging from the number of the people who left our neighborhood jogging army, I'm not alone in my opinion.
First of all, jogging is very hard on the body.Your legs and feet take a real pounding running down a road for two or three miles.I developed foot, leg, and back problems.Then I read about a nationally wellknown jogger who died of a heart attack while jogging, and I had something else to worry about.Jogging doesn't kill hundreds of people, but if you have any physical weaknesses, jogging will surely bring them out, as they did with me.
Secondly, I got no enjoyment out of jogging.Putting one foot in front of the other for fortyfive minutes isn't my idea of joy.Jogging is also a lonely pastime.Some joggers say，“I love being out there with just my thoughts.”Well, my thoughts began to bore me, and most of them were on how much my legs hurt.
And how could I enjoy something that brought me pain? And that wasn't just the first week; it was practically every day for two months.I never got past the pain level, and pain isn't fun.What a cruel way to do it! So many other exercises, including walking, lead to almost the same results painlessly, so why jog?
I don't jog any more, and I don't think I ever will.I'm walking two miles three times a week at a fast pace, and that feels good.I bicycle to work when the weather is good.I'm getting exercise, and meanwhile I'm enjoying it.I could never say the same for jogging, and I've found a lot of better ways to stay in shape.
语篇解读：不知从何时起，慢跑已经悄然成为一种时尚，然而，并不是每个人都适合做这种运动。两个月的慢跑锻炼让作者深受其害、苦不堪言，由此他永远告别了这种痛苦而又枯燥的运动。
1．From the first paragraph, we learn that in the writer's neighborhood ________.
A．jogging became very popular
B．people jogged only during the daytime
C．Alex organized an army of joggers
D．jogging provided a chance to get together
解析：选A 细节理解题。第一段中提到作者所在的街区到处都是形形色色的慢跑者，由此可知A项正确。
2．The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 most probably refers to ________.
A．heart attacks B．back problems
C．famous joggers D．physical weaknesses
解析：选D 代词指代题。本句的前半句提到如果你有任何的身体虚弱症状，慢跑都会让它们显示出来，由此可推断D项正确。
3．Why did the writer give up jogging two months later?
A．He disliked doing exercise outside.
B．He found it neither healthy nor interesting.
C．He was afraid of having a heart attack.
D．He was worried about being left alone.
解析：选B 细节理解题。结合第三段的第一句、最后一句和第四段的第一句可推知B项正确。
4．From the writer's experience, we can conclude that ________.
A．not everyone enjoys jogging
B．he is the only person who hates jogging
C．nothing other than jogging can help people keep fit
D．jogging makes people feel greater than any other sport
解析：选A 推理判断题。文章开头部分提到慢跑在作者所在的街区已经蔚然成风，可作者尝试一段时间后不得不放弃，由此可推断并非每个人都喜欢慢跑。
学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
推理判断技法(2)——整合全文(段)信息，综合推断
有些推理判断题，很难从某一句话或某几句话推断出其含义，这时就需要在弄懂全文意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，从而确定最佳结论。
例如上文第4小题，文章第一段提到慢跑在作者所在的街区已经蔚然成风，第二段提到作者尝试一段时间后不得不放弃，第三、四、五段提到慢跑的不足之处，最后一段提到作者有更适合自己的锻炼方法。纵观全文，可推断并非每个人都喜欢慢跑。故选A项。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·石家庄模拟)
International Competitions in 2018
The H．G.Wells Short
Story Competition
Founded by BBC reporter Reg Turnill and his wife to celebrate the life and works of H．G.Wells and encourage creative writing, this competition has the theme of “peace” this year.Entries must be in English and must be entirely your own work.
Deadline: 23rd July, 2018
Who may enter: Open to anyone
Entry fees: Free (21 and under); ￡10 (over 21)
Prizes:
The Margaret and Reg Turnill Prize:
￡1,000 (21 and under);
The Grand Prize: ￡250 (over 21)
16th Annual Smithsonian.com
Photo Contest
The contest is organized by Smithsonian magazine.It can range from a picture of a family member, to a scene, to a movement at just the right time.There are 6 categories: Natural World; Travel; People; The American Experience; Altered Images; Mobile.
Deadline: 30th November, 2018
Who may enter: Open to photographers who are 18 years old or older
Entry fees: Free
Prizes：
Grand Prize: $2,500;
Readers' Choice: $500
Embracing Our Differences
Artists, professionals, amateurs, and students may submit art images on the theme “enriching lives through diversity”. This competition invites you to participate in creating a society where diversity is accepted.Your original art may be any size.However, you must create or scan and submit it as a digital file.
Deadline: 15th October, 2018
Who may enter: Open to anyone
Entry fees: Free
Prizes: $1,000 each for “BestinShow Adult” and “BestinShow Student”
16th Annual Tom Howard/
Margaret Reid Poetry Contest
The contest is organized by Winning Writers.You may submit poems on any theme, up to 250 lines each.You may submit the same poem at the same time to this contest and to others, and you may submit poems that have been published or won prizes elsewhere.
Deadline: 30th September, 2018
Who may enter: Open to anyone
Entry fees: $12 per poem
Prizes：
Tom Howard Prize: $1,500 for a poem in any style or genre；
Margaret Reid Prize: $1,500 for a poem that rhymes or has a traditional style
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了几个国际比赛的相关事宜。
1．What is required in the storywriting competition?
A．Creating the story in English.
B．Having the work scanned.
C．Paying money for the entry.
D．Submitting the work by July.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据The H．G.Wells Short Story Competition部分中的“Entries must be in English and must be entirely your own work”可知，写故事比赛要求参赛者的作品是用英语写的原创作品，故选A。
2．What is special about “16th Annual Smithsonian.com Photo Contest”？
A．It gives a theme. B．It offers a grand prize.
C．It has an age limit. D．It has two categories.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据16th Annual Smithsonian.com Photo Contest部分中的“Who may enter: Open to photographers who are 18 years old or older”并结合其他三个比赛的“Who may enter”的信息可知，这个比赛对参赛者的年龄有一定的限制，故选C。
3．Which competition asks for entries in electronic form?
A．The H．G.Wells Short Story Competition.
B．16th Annual Smithsonian.com Photo Contest.
C．Embracing Our Differences.
D．16th Annual Tom Howard/Margaret Reid Poetry Contest.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据Embracing Our Differences部分中的“However, you must create or scan and submit it as a digital file”可知，此项赛事是需要提交电子稿件的，故选C。
4．Who may get Margaret Reid Prize after winning the contest?
A．Short story writers. B．Photographers.
C．Art designers. D．Poem writers.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据16th Annual Tom Howard/Margaret Reid Poetry Contest部分中的“Margaret Reid Prize: $1,500 for a poem that rhymes or has a traditional style”可知，获得该奖项的要求是诗押韵或具有传统风格，故诗人有可能获得Margaret Reid Prize，故选D。
B
(2019·广州调研)Paloma sat at a computer in the school library. She stared at the blank screen and the blinking cursor. She rummaged around in her backpack for a rubber band, and then she pulled her hair into a thick ponytail. Paloma looked at the computer screen. It was still blank. She sighed and flipped through her notebook to reread the assignment Mr. Molina had given the class three weeks ago. It was due in just two days, and Paloma knew that she couldn't procrastinate any longer.
Write a creative short story using an experience that you have had recently, Paloma read. Your story should include two examples of figurative language.
Paloma and her family had recently taken a trip along North Carolina's coast. They had visited four different lighthouses, and Paloma wondered what it would be like to live in a lighthouse. She knew that before lighthouses were automated, they were run by a lighthouse keeper who lived on the premises. Paloma thought she'd love to be a lighthouse keeper. Without thinking about it any longer, Paloma began to write the story.
I sat with my cat Sadie curled on my lap and looked out the window at the crashing waves. The heavy rain beat against my lighthouse like a thousand footsteps racing up and down the walls. I held Sadie closer, and she let out a small meow of displeasure. I knew that the coming storm could not be too dangerous if Sadie was still acting normally. I had read that animals can sense changes in weather and will seek shelter from a tornado or hurricane. I was relying on Sadie's calmness to get me through my first hurricane on the island.
I knew that my lighthouse was sturdily built. It had survived more than one hundred years' worth of hurricanes and tropical storms. There was no reason to believe that it couldn't survive another. I looked up at the staircase that spiraled above me and worried as I felt the tower sway slightly in a gust of wind.
Paloma stopped and reread what she had just written. She smiled to herself in delight, saved her story, and then settled into her chair to continue writing. She wasn't sure what was going to happen next, but she knew that if she kept going, the story would continue to tell itself. Paloma couldn't wait to find out where it would take her.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Paloma因完不成写作任务而苦恼不已时，她和家人的一趟旅行给了她写作的灵感。
5．Why is Paloma feeling anxious at the beginning of the passage?
A．She hasn't much time left to do her writing task.
B．She doesn't know the details of her writing task.
C．She has completely forgotten about her writing task.
D．She doesn't know what is wrong with her computer.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“reread the assignment Mr. Molina had given the class ... she couldn't procrastinate any longer”可知，Paloma盯着空白的电脑一筹莫展，但Mr. Molina布置的写作任务的交稿日期即将到来，因此Paloma不能再拖延了，故选A项。
6．What is the inspiration for Paloma's story idea?
A．Her cat. B．Her teacher.
C．Her trip. D．Her dream.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，Paloma和家人最近去了北卡罗来纳州的海岸，他们参观了四个不同的灯塔，这趟旅行启发了她，于是她开始写与灯塔有关的故事，所以是Paloma和家人的这趟旅行给了她写作的灵感，故选C项。
7．In Paloma's story, how does the lighthouse keeper decide if the storm is dangerous?
A．By listening to the weather report.
B．By watching the crashing waves.
C．By observing the cat's behaviour.
D．By measuring the movement of the lighthouse.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第四段的第四、五句可知，如果即将到来的暴风雨不太危险的话，Sadie(猫)就会表现得比较正常，因为动物能预知剧烈的天气变化，并且做出应急反应。因此灯塔看守人能根据猫的行为判断暴风雨的危险程度，故选C项。
8．As described in the final paragraph, how does Paloma feel after she has written the first part of her story?
A．Confused. B．Excited.
C．Relieved. D．Determined.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“She smiled to herself in delight”(她高兴地笑了)和“Paloma couldn't wait to find out where it would take her”(Paloma迫不及待地想看自己能写到什么程度)可知，Paloma对自己写的故事很满意并且感到很兴奋，故选B项。
C
(2019·福州四校联考)The idea that you can use humor, laughter, and play to make you healthier probably seems too simple to be true. However, it is really true and simple. The sense of humor, laughter and play plays an important part in keeping you healthy.
Treat the blues with a sense of humor, which is closely tied to laughter. Laughter is infectious. Have you ever heard a big laugh of a young child and been able to keep yourself from smiling? When laughter is shared between people, it makes them closer to each other and increases their happiness. Smiling is the beginning of laughter and a smile is also just as infectious as laughter is. You can experience something by smiling at everyone around you, and you will feel happier just by sharing a smile, even with a stranger.
Play is an important part of making sure that we stay healthy. We are often encouraged to make sure our children play, and are told of the benefits of being out playing. However, what we often forget is that it is just as important for old people to make play be part of their life as it's for children. Physical play is important for the old and it certainly helps prevent illness. While the studies are still in the early stages, the studies that have been done have shown that physical play certainly plays a part in preventing cognitive (认知的) falling.
Anyway, adding humor, laughter, and play to our life will influence us mentally, physically and socially and bring us many advantages. So we should make full use of humor, laughter and play to make our life more active, more interesting and happier.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了幽默、大笑和玩耍给人们的健康带来的好处。
9．What does the underlined word “infectious” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Playing an important role.
B．Keeping people in high spirits.
C．Quickly influencing other people.
D．Preventing illness from spreading.
解析：选C 词义猜测题。根据第二段第四句可知，当人们分享笑容时，人们的关系更亲密，人们也会更加快乐。故infectious在此处意为“迅速影响其他人”。
10．What can laughter increase according to the author?
A．Cognitive ability. B．Good relationships.
C．A sense of humor. D．Happiness and trust.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“When laughter is shared between people, it makes them closer to each other and increases their happiness ... and you will feel happier just by sharing a smile, even with a stranger”可知，在作者看来大笑能使人们之间的关系更亲密。
11．What does the author think the old should do?
A．They should have a good rest.
B．They should play like children.
C．They should prevent cognitive falling.
D．They should take part in physical play.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Physical play is important for the old and it certainly helps prevent illness”可知，作者认为老年人应该参与身体活动。
12．Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A．Humor, Laughter and Play for Health
B．Always Keep Our Body Healthy
C．Have an Active and Happy Life
D．Let Our Body and Mind Relax
解析：选A 标题归纳题。根据最后一段的内容可知，这篇文章的主旨是幽默、大笑和玩耍有利于健康。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
How to Calm Down at Work
(2019·呼和浩特调研)The workplace can be a stressful place. Anxiety, conflict, bad management and overwork can lead to frustration and stress. __1__
Keep something you like to look at within sight. A photo of a loved one or a favorite personal souvenir is the best example. Keep such an item somewhere you can glance at it whenever you wish to do so. __2__
Take a moment to engage in exercise. If you're unable to leave your work area, stand and stretch for a moment. Muscle tension exercises can also help you calm down. __3__ For instance, start by squeezing all of your face muscles as tightly as you can for twenty seconds and slowly releasing them.
Write down the reason why you are upset. __4__ Getting your thoughts and feelings out on paper can help clarify the issue you're having. Writing down your thoughts can even help you determine the best way to address your frustration or anxiety and move forward.
__5__ If you and another coworker are constantly frustrated with one another, set up a time to speak with him or her. Say something like，“Hey, Sarah, let's sit down sometime soon and chat to make sure we're on the same page about our upcoming project.”
A．Turn to your workmates for help.
B．Communicate with your workmates.
C．A vase of flowers on your desk is another good example.
D．Focus on one particular muscle or muscle group at a time.
E．Here are the steps you can take to help you calm down at work.
F．Engage your body by rolling your head, shoulder, and ankles while sitting.
G．The best way to figure out exactly what's bothering you is to write it down.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了能帮助人在工作中镇静下来的一些方法。
1．解析：选E 上文说工作场所可能是一个充满压力的地方，忧虑、冲突、糟糕的管理和过度工作可能会导致沮丧和压力。E项“这儿就有一些你可以采纳来帮助你在工作中镇静下来的措施”与上文语义衔接且符合下文的叙述，故选E。
2．解析：选C 本段主要叙述的是放一些你喜欢的东西在视力范围内，而C项说在桌上放一瓶花也是另外一个好的例子，承接上文，故选C。
3．解析：选D 上文说肌肉伸展训练能够帮助你镇静下来，而D项说一次关注一个特定(部位)的肌肉或肌肉组，前后语义衔接，故选D。
4．解析：选G 上文说写下你沮丧的原因，而G项说准确地弄清使你烦恼的原因的最好方法就是把它写下来，与上文逻辑一致，故选G。空前的“Write down”也是提示词。
5．解析：选B 根据空处所在位置可知，空处为段落主题句。本段讲的是如果你和你的同事一直对彼此感到失望，那就找些时间和你的同事交流一下。B项“与你的同事交流”概括准确，故选B。
一、课前基础自查
(一)分类记单词——省时高效
Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1．committee n． 委员会
2．contemporary adj. 现代的，当代的；同一时代的
3．boundary n. 边界，界限
4．referee n. 裁判；推荐人
5．whistle n. 哨子，口哨；呼啸，鸣叫
vi. 吹口哨，吹哨子；呼啸，鸣叫
6．nation n. 国家，民族；全体国民
7．flame n. 火焰
8．gymnastics n. 体操，体操训练
9．movement n. 社会运动；移动，活动；进展
10．continent n. 洲，大陆
11．citizen n. 公民；居民
12．toast n. 烤面包片；干杯，敬酒
vt. 烤(面包)；为……干杯
13．stadium n. 体育场，运动场
14．joy n. 喜悦，欢乐
15．outdoors adv. 往户外，在户外
n. 户外；野外
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1．attempt n．& vt. 尝试，努力，试图
2．otherwise adv. 否则，不然
3．remove vt. 去除，移开；开除；免除，解除(职务)
4．tie vt. 打成平局；(用绳、线)系，绑，捆
5．delighted adj. 愉快的，高兴的
6．honour n. 尊敬；荣幸；节操；荣誉
vt. 尊敬，尊重(某人)
7．meanwhile adv. 与此同时；在此期间
8．precious adj. 宝贵的，珍贵的
9．routine n．& adj. 常规(的)
10．budget n. 预算
vi.& vt. 编制预算
11．wellknown adj. 著名的
12．origin n. 起源，起因；出身
13．association n. 协会，社团；关联；联想
14．reporter n. 记者
15．transport n. 交通运输系统；交通工具；运输
vt. 运输，运送
Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)
1．compete vi.比赛；竞争→competition n．比赛；竞争→competitive adj.竞争的，竞赛的→competitor n．比赛者；竞赛者
2．absence n．缺席，不在场；不存在→absent adj.缺席的，缺少的；心不在焉的
3．power n．力量；能量；权力；影响力；统治vt.驱动，提供动力→powerful adj.强大的，强有力的
4．excite vt.使激动，使兴奋→excited adj.兴奋的，激动的→exciting adj.令人激动的，使人兴奋的→excitement n．兴奋，激动
5．tradition n．传统；风俗→traditional adj.传统的
6．technique n．技术，工艺，技巧→technical adj.技术的；工艺的→technology n．技术；科技
7．unfair adj.不公正的，不公平的→fair adj.公平的
8．frequent adj.频繁的，经常发生的→frequently adv.屡次；频繁地→frequency n．频率，频繁
9．champion n．冠军，优胜者→championship n．锦标赛；冠军称号
10．significance n．重要性，意义→significant adj.有重大意义的；显著的
[语境活用]
1．The competition is very fierce — hundreds of competitors are competing for 56 medals, so I regret having taken part in this competitive game.(compete)
2．I was excited to know that Beijing would be the city to host the 2022 Winter Olympics. When I told my brother the exciting news, he jumped with excitement.(excite)
3．He is always absent from class, and his absence makes his headteacher angry.(absence)
4．Frequently going out on a date may result in frequent absence from classes, which will interfere with their studies.(frequent)
5．Life is totally fair. We just see it as unfair because it's either we expected too much or we gave up already.(fair)
6．The typist learned the technique of typing in that technical school.(technique)
7．China, an ancient country of over 5,000 years of history and cultural tradition,_has a profound traditional cultural foundation.(tradition)
8．The significant discovery of new gas field in South China Sea is of great significance to our country's economy.(significant)
(二)练中记短语——记牢用活
写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.by_tradition 按照传统
2．take_part_in 参加
3．in_honour_of 为向……表示敬意
4．bring_..._back_to_life 使……重生
5．side_by_side 共同；肩并肩
6．lead_the_way 领先；带路
7．hang_on (在逆境中)坚持
8．look_forward_to 盼望，期望
9．come_up_with 提出
10．look_out_for 当心，小心
11．knock_over 打翻，撞倒
12．make_way_for 给……让路，让位于……
13．apply_to 适用于，应用于
14．pass_sth._on_(to_sb.) 转交，传给，递给
15．keep_a_close_watch_on 密切关注……
16．by_accident 偶然，意外地
1.The professor felt it a great honour to be asked to speak at the meeting held in_honour_of the school's birthday.
2．There are three more weeks to go before the NMET. Don't let the air out and hang_on.
3．Chinese people, by_tradition,_will rush to have their hair cut on the second day of the second lunar month, hoping that it will bring good fortune.
4．In some places of the Great Wall, ten men can walk side_by_side.
5．I had worked hard all day at the office, and I was looking_forward_to a relaxing evening at home.
6．But for the Indian boy who led_the_way,_I would have got lost in the jungle.
7．I wish I could pass all my knowledge at one stroke on_to these young people.
8．The world makes_way_for a man who knows where he is going.
(三)仿写明句式——以用为本
教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.He dreamt that the Olympics would make it possible for people of all countries to live side by side in peace.
他梦想着奥运会可以让各国人民和平相处。
make it＋adj./n.＋(for sb.) to do sth.意为“使某人做某事怎么样”。
(2016·北京高考单选改编)为了更便于联系我们，你最好将这张卡片放在身边。
To_make_it_easier_to_get_in_touch_with_us,_you'd better keep this card at hand.
2.I am sure the whole of China must have felt proud when Xu Haifeng won the first gold medal for his country.
我相信，当许海峰为自己的祖国赢得第一枚金牌时，整个中国一定都为之骄傲。
must have done表示对过去的肯定性推测，意为“一定已经做了”。
(2015·湖南高考单选改编)他肯定已经感觉到了我正在看他。他突然扫视了我一眼然后平静地说：“你为什么一直那样看着我？”
He must_have_sensed that I was looking at him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly，“Why are you staring at me like that？”
3.The Eagles went home angry and bitter because they did not win the tournament.
鹰队在锦标赛上铩羽而归，既恼火又愤愤不平。
形容词(angry and bitter)作状语，用来说明主语的状态。
最重要的是，我们对他有信心。
Most_important_of_all,_we have faith in him.
二、课堂重点深化
1．delighted adj.高兴的，快乐的
[自主体验]
用delight的相关短语完成小片段
Much ①to_my_delight (让我高兴的是), my son ② takes_delight_in (以……为乐) learning English.He ③is_delighted_to (乐意……) listen to English songs and sing after the tape again and again.Yesterday he came home ④with/in_delight (高兴地) and ⑤delighted_me_with (用……让我高兴) the good news that he won the first place in an English competition.
[系统归纳]
(1)be delighted at/with/by ... 对……高兴
be delighted to do sth. 很高兴做某事
be delighted ＋ that从句 很高兴……
(2)delight n． [U]高兴，快乐；[C]使人高兴的事，乐事
vt. & vi. (使)高兴
have/find/take delight in (doing) ... 高兴(做)……；
以(做)……为乐
to one's delight/to the delight of sb. 令某人高兴的是
with/in delight 高兴地，乐意地
(3)delightful adj. 令人愉快的
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑥I can't tell you how delightful I was when I received the beautiful birthday present you gave me.delightful→delighted
佳句时时写
⑦(2017·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)知道你对唐诗感兴趣，我很高兴。现在我写信告诉你下一节课的计划。
I_am_delighted_to_know_you_are_interested_in_Tang_poems._Now_I'm_writing_to_tell_you_the_plan_for_the_next_class.
2．compete vi.比赛；竞争
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①I am very delighted at getting a chance to_compete (compete) in the final.
②He was clever enough to compete for the mathematics scholarship.
③Nobody can entirely keep away from this competitive (compete) world.
[系统归纳]
(1)compete in 参加……比赛；在……方面竞争
compete for 为……而竞争
compete with/against ...for 为争取……而与……对抗/竞争
(2)competition n. 比赛
competitor n. 竞争者；对手
competitive adj. 有竞争力的
[重点强化]
易错处处防
④He was lucky that he at last got a chance to compete the Olympics.compete后加in
佳句时时写
⑤(2013·天津高考书面表达)我们可以在辩论比赛或演讲比赛中与其他大学的学生进行竞争。
We_can_compete_with_students_from_other_universities_in_debate_contests_or_speech_contests.
3．honour n．尊敬；荣幸；节操；荣誉vt.尊敬，尊重(某人)；给予荣誉
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①I feel honoured (honour) to be invited to give you a lecture on how to improve English reading ability.
②I have the honour to_make (make) a speech to welcome the respected guests.
③We celebrate Teachers' Day every year in honour of teachers.
一句多译
我很荣幸能代表我们公司参加这次会议。
④I have_the_honour_of_attending the conference on behalf of our company.(honour)
⑤It_is_my_honour_to_attend the conference on behalf of our company.(honour)
⑥I feel_honoured_to_attend the conference on behalf of our company.(honoured)
[系统归纳]
(1)in honour of 为了纪念，为了庆祝
in one's honour 为了纪念某人
be one's honour to do sth. 某人很荣幸做某事
have the honour of doing/to do sth. 有幸做某事
It is sb.'s/an honour to do sth. 做某事是某人的荣幸/
一件荣幸的事
(2)honoured adj. 受尊敬的，感到荣幸的
be/feel honoured to do sth. 很荣幸做某事
be honoured with ... 被授予……
be honoured as ... 被授予……的称号
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑦Washington, a state in the United States, was named in the honour of one of the greatest American Presidents.去掉第二个the
佳句时时写
⑧(2014·江西高考书面表达)我很荣幸能与你们分享我对高中学习的看法。
It_is_my_honour_to_be_here_to_share_with_you_my_opinions_on_what_to_learn_in_senior_high_school.
4．absence n．缺席，不在场；不存在；缺乏，没有
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①I will go on a business trip tomorrow; Mark will be in charge of the company in/during my absence.
②He was absent from the conference yesterday because of his sudden heart disease.
完成句子
③However, learning English as a foreign language is very difficult in_the_absence_of_a_native_environment (在缺乏母语环境的时候)．
④The total absence_of_mind (心不在焉) caused him to fail the exam.
[系统归纳]
(1)absence from work/class 缺勤/缺课
in/during one's absence ＝ in/during the absence of
在某人不在/缺席的时候
in/during the absence of sth. 在缺乏某物的时候
absence of mind(＝absentminded adj.) 心不在焉
(2)absent adj. 不在的；缺席的；茫然的
be absent from 不参加……；缺席……
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑤He couldn't account for his absence of school for a whole day.of→from
佳句时时写
⑥(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)电影结束后，每个班级都应该进行讨论，任何人不允许缺席。
After_the_film,_each_class_is_supposed_to_have_a_discussion_and_no_one_shall_be_absent_from_it.
[名师指津]
如：absent from Shanghai“不在上海”；absent in Shanghai“在上海”。
5．attempt n．& vt.尝试，努力，试图；企图
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①He attempted to_get (get) in touch with them but without success.
②Jim had prepared carefully for his driving test so that he could be sure of passing it at_the first attempt.
③The man was being questioned about the attempted (attempt) murder last night.
句型转换
④He attempted to pass the CET4, but failed in the end.
→He made an attempt at passing/to pass the CET4, but failed in the end.
[系统归纳]
(1)make an attempt to do/at doing sth. 试图做某事
at the first attempt 第一次尝试
(2)attempt to do sth.＝ try/seek to do sth. 努力做某事；试图做某事
(3)attempted adj. 未遂的
[重点强化]
易错对对碰(attempt/manage)
⑤Mr. Brown attempted to get a higher position in the company, but the manager said he was not the right person.
⑥He can manage to get us some tickets; I always trust him.
佳句时时写
⑦(2018·北京高考书面表达)他们迫不及待地想要自己尝试一下。
They_couldn't_wait_to_have_an_attempt_for_themselves.
⑧(2018·北京高考书面表达)不久随着每个外国学生尝试自己泡茶，茶室很快热闹起来。
Soon_the_tea_room_became_lively_with_every_international_student_attempting_to_make_their_own_tea.
[名师指津] attempt to do sth.和try/seek to do sth.一样，强调的是努力做某事的过程，不一定成功；而manage to do sth.则表示“设法做成某事”，强调结果。
6．otherwise adv.& conj.否则，不然adv.在其他方面；不同地
[自主体验]
写出下列句中otherwise的含义
①He intended to be a teacher in a university but fate decided otherwise.不同地
②Always follow the doctor's advice for appropriate wear. Otherwise, you may have problems.否则，不然
③She is not very clever, but otherwise she's a nice girl.在其他方面
同义句转换
④Seize the chance; or_else (＝otherwise) you will regret it.
⑤The rent is high, but in_the_other_way (＝otherwise) the house is satisfactory.
[系统归纳]
(1)otherwise (conj.)＝or/or else 否则，不然
(2)otherwise (adv.)＝differently/in another way
＝in the other way/in a different way 不同地，在其他方面
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑥Thank you for your timely help; otherwise we are in great trouble now.are→would_be
佳句时时写
⑦(2011·四川高考书面表达)建议所有参加摘苹果的人都应该戴上帽子和手套，要不然会有很多树叶或脏东西掉到你的头上，弄脏你的手。
It_is_suggested_that_all_the_people_who_will_join_in_picking_apples_should_wear_a_hat_and_a_pair_of_gloves._Otherwise,_there_will_be_a_lot_of_leaves_or_dirty_things_that_will_fall_on_your_head_and_make_your_hands_dirty.
[名师指津] otherwise作连词且意为“否则，不然”时，其后的句子所描述的情况如果与事实相反，则用虚拟语气；如果与事实相符，则用陈述语气。
7．remove vt.去除，移开；开除；免除，解除(职务)；脱去(衣物)；拿走；搬迁
[自主体验]
写出下列句中remove的含义
①If a nest has four eggs and you remove one, the bird will not notice.拿走
②He removed his jacket when he arrived home.脱掉
③He was severely criticized and removed from his post.免职
④The agreement removes the last serious obstacle to the signing of the treaty.去除
⑤Three children were removed from school for bad behaviors.开除
单句语法填空
⑥Students removed several desks from their classroom to another one.
⑦Reference books may not be removed from the library.
⑧The factory announced its removal (remove) to another town.
[系统归纳]
(1)remove ...from ... 把……从……移开
remove from ...to ... 把……搬到……
remove sb. from school 开除某人，勒令某人退学
(2)removal n. 移植；解除；搬迁；免职
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑨With the misunderstanding being removed, the two old friends made up happily.去掉being
佳句时时写
⑩(2011·江苏高考书面表达)意识到一天的工作之后她妈妈一定很累了，这个女孩帮妈妈把包从肩膀上拿下来。
Realizing_her_mom_must_be_very_tired_after_a_day's_work,_the_girl_helps_to_remove_the_bag_from_her_shoulder.
8．power n．力量；能量(尤指电)；影响力；权力；统治；能力vt.驱动，提供动力
[自主体验]
写出下列句中power的含义
①Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred.电，电力
②It is said that he has the power of holding his audience.能力
③So enormous was the hurricane's power that it carried away the whole building.力量
④The police and the army have been given special powers to deal with such a situation.权力
⑤All these modern educational aids are powered by electricity.提供动力
单句语法填空
⑥The government wilted (畏缩) in the face of such powerful (power) pressure.
⑦Not that I don't want to help you, but that it's beyond my power to do so.
[系统归纳]
(1)be in power 掌权，执政(表示状态)
come to/into power 上台，执政(表示动作)
in/within one's power 在某人的能力/权力范围之内
out of/beyond one's power 超出某人的能力
(2)powerful adj. 强有力的，强大的
[重点强化]
易错对对碰(be in power/come into power)
⑧Though he has been_in_power for two years, he hasn't found an effective solution to the country's economic problems.
⑨It has been five years since he came_into_power.
佳句时时写
⑩(2013·湖北高考书面表达)直到那时，我才意识到语言在积极和消极方面都有强大的力量。
Not_until_then_did_I_realize_words_could_be_powerful_in_both_positive_and_negative_ways.
1．hang on (＝ hold on) 不挂断；(在逆境中)坚持；紧紧握住，保留(to sth.)
[自主体验]
写出下列句中hang on的含义
①It's hard work, but if you hang on, you are sure to succeed in the end.(在逆境中)坚持
②There are some people who hang on to their jobs long after they should have retired. 紧紧抓住，保留
③James will be back at once, hang on.别挂断
[系统归纳]
hang on to 抓紧；保留，不卖掉，不放弃
hang up (on sb.) 挂断(某人的)电话
hang out 晾出；闲逛
hang about/around 徘徊，闲荡
[重点强化]
用法条条清(选用上述短语填空)
④While I was talking with a friend on the phone, he suddenly hung_up on me.
⑤The principal warned the students not to hang_around/about the corner grocery store after school.
⑥It was so windy that I had to hang_on_to my hat all the way along the street.
佳句时时写
⑦(2015·福建高考书面表达)无论形势多么困难，都要不遗余力地获取知识并坚持下去。
Spare_no_effort_to_acquire_knowledge_and_hang_on_no_matter_how_difficult_the_situation_may_be.
2．make way for给……让路，让位于……
[系统归纳]
make one's way to 向……走去
give way to 让路；让步；被……代替
in the way 挡路，挡道，妨碍
in a way 在某种意义上
in no way 绝不(位于句首，句子要部分倒装)
under way 在进行，在举行
on the way 在路上；将要发生
[重点强化]
用法条条清(选用上述短语填空)
①Many houses are being knocked down to make_way_for a new park.
②No doubt he was just trying to help, but in fact he just got in_the_way.
③In_no_way can teaching in school be separated from practice.
④An investigation is under_way to find out how the disaster happened.
佳句时时写
⑤(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)一般来说，你的抵达时间绝不能晚于约定的时间。
Generally_speaking,_in_no_way_should_your_arrival_be_later_than_the_fixed_time.
3．make it＋adj.＋for sb. to do sth.
[教材原句] He dreamt that the Olympics would make_it_possible_for_people_of_all_countries_to_live side by side in peace.
[自主体验]
①The rapid development of science and technology makes it possible for us_to_do (do) what we couldn't do in the past.
科技的迅速发展使得我们可以做过去不能做的事情。
②Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
苏珊清楚地向我表明，她希望为自己创造新的生活。
③I consider it no use quarrelling (quarrel) with him about it.
我认为就这件事和他争吵是没有用的。
[归纳点拨]
用法规则
(1)“动词＋it＋adj./n.＋to do sth.”句式中，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式。
(2)“动词＋it＋adj./n.＋that”句式中，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是that从句。
(3)“动词＋it＋no good/no use ...＋doing sth.”句式中，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是动名词。
注意事项
(1)常跟it作形式宾语的动词有：believe, think, feel, find, notice, make等；
(2)在习惯用法中，hate, like, love, appreciate, enjoy, take, have后常先接it再接由if或when等引导的从句。
[佳句背诵]
①(精彩开头句)(2017·全国卷Ⅰ写作佳句)I think it great fun to learn the poems written in the Tang Dynasty with you.
②(增分要点句)(2011·新课标卷写作佳句)My English is just OK and the two main problems in my study are that I feel it difficult to learn words by heart, and that I often feel nervous when speaking English.
4．形容词(短语)作状语
[教材原句] The Eagles went home angry_and_bitter because they did not win the tournament.
[自主体验]
①Eager_to_see_the_sunrise,_they got up at four.
急于去看日出，他们4点就起床了。
②One woman was lying in bed, awake,_listening to the rushing winds.
一位女士躺在床上，没有睡着，听着那急促的风声。
③When it was his turn to deliver his speech, he walked towards the microphone, nervous_and_embarrassed.
当轮到他发表演讲时，他朝麦克风走去，紧张而又尴尬。
[归纳点拨]
形容词(短语)作状语：,结构：可以是单个形容词，也可以是形容词短语，一般要用逗号将其和句子的其他部分分开。,位置：通常位于句子主语前或句子主语后，有时位于句末。,作用：一般用于说明句子主语的特点或处于某种状态，可表示原因、结果、伴随等情况。
[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)(2015·福建高考写作佳句)Being poor, the boy couldn't afford even a candle.
②(增分要点句)(2017·天津高考写作佳句)Much interested in the activity, I would like to apply to be a volunteer.
③(精彩收尾句)(2013·江西高考写作佳句)After a whole day's hiking, we arrived home, tired and hungry.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I've been asked to chair the committee (委员会) the next year.
2．I was absolutely delighted (高兴的) with the brilliant sunshine shining through the window.
3．The team we will compete (比赛) with is the champion of last season.
4．We've budgeted (为……预算) for a new car next year.
5．There were nearly one hundred guests at the party so no one noticed Mary's absence (缺席)．
6．He failed in his attempt (尝试) to take control of the company.
7．Often, the simplest answer is just to remove (离开) yourself from the situation.
8．Liu Jiao ran all the way to school; otherwise (不然) she'd have been late.
9．It shouldn't take too long to get back to our old routine (惯例)．
10．It's easier to get to the college if you have your own transport (交通工具)．
11．The doll is very precious (珍贵的) to me because it was my mother who bought it for me.
12．The professor published a book on the origins (起源) of life on the earth.
13．He developed a close association (联系) with the university.
14．Her headaches are becoming less frequent (经常发生的)．
15．She's a wonderful skater, and her technique (技术) is superb.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The secretary has been removed from her position for her negligence.
2．I had a bad cold, otherwise I would_have_visited (visit) you last week.
3．Mary is a kindhearted lady with a positive attitude towards life because she takes delight in helping others.
4．When I spoke to him, he looked at me in an absent (absence) way and didn't answer.
5．His uncle tells him that if his cousin wins the competition (compete), the family will win an overseas tour for free.
6．Jack quickly established himself as a powerful (power) member of the new company.
7．In our hometown, it is traditional (tradition) to visit relatives one by one during the Spring Festival.
8．Timely encouragement from a teacher is very significant (significance) to his/her students.
9．John did not like his job, but he decided to hang on to it until he found a better one.
10．The experienced artisan would pass the tricks of the trade on to the apprentice.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．She was proud as a peacock when she passed her driving test in the first attempt.in→at
2．Delightful to hear of my appointment as chairman of Board, he offered his sincere congratulations.Delightful→Delighted
3．He felt it honour to be invited to such an important conference.it后加an
4．Much for our excitement, no one raised objection at the meeting yesterday.for→to
5．Life is like a long race where we often compete for others to go beyond ourselves.for→with
6．So excited was the game that I forgot all about the coming finals.excited→exciting
7．When I got off the crowded bus, I found my pocket steal and the disk in it with the important documents gone.steal→stolen
8．Too nervously to reply, he stared at the floor.nervously→nervous
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．You'd better go now, otherwise_you'll_miss_the_train.
你最好现在就走，要不然就赶不上火车了。
2．I've made_an_attempt_to convince her, but in vain.
我试图说服她，但是徒劳无果。
3．Only the greatest athletes can compete_in this demanding event.
只有最了不起的运动员才能角逐这种吃力的运动项目。
4．When older men retired they made_way_for younger men to take their places.
当老年人退休时，他们为年轻人让路，让他们来取代自己的位置。
5．He stands there, full_of_fear.
他站在那里，充满了恐惧。
6．They_found_it_difficult_to_finish the job in such a short time.
他们觉得很难在这么短的时间内完成工作。
7．To_my_excitement,_my mother came to see me dance together with my father.
让我兴奋的是，妈妈和爸爸一起来看我跳舞了。
8．You_must_have_gone_to_bed_very_late_last_night,_for your eyes are red.
昨天晚上你一定睡得很晚，因为你的眼睛都红了。
本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与社会”中的“体育活动、大型体育赛事”子话题相对应
一、话题语素积累多一点
子话题——体育活动、大型体育赛事
(一)浅易词汇温一温
①basketball ②football ③tennis ④race
⑤swimming ⑥shooting ⑦high jump ⑧long jump
⑨walker ⑩jog ⑪event ⑫match
⑬competition ⑭performance ⑮win ⑯beat/defeat
⑰medal ⑱attend ⑲hit ⑳professional title cheer outstanding talent
(二)生疏词汇记一记
①gymnastics n．体操 ②athletics n．田径
③relay n．接力 ④diving n．跳水
⑤weightlifting n．举重 ⑥boxing n．拳击(运动)
⑦track n．跑道 ⑧athlete/player n．运动员
⑨coach n．教练 ⑩referee n．裁判
⑪court n．球场 ⑫stadium n．体育场
⑬cheer v．加油 ⑭laughter n．笑声
⑮platform n．平台 ⑯impressive adj.印象深刻的
⑰unexpectedly adv.预料不到地 ⑱glory n．巨大的光荣，荣誉
⑲tournament n．锦标赛，联赛 ⑳deserve vt.应得，应受
competitive adj.有竞争力的 appoint v．任命
(三)常用词块忆一忆
①field events 田赛
②track events 竞赛
③swimming pool 游泳池
④diving platform 跳台
⑤starting/finishing line 起点/终点线
⑥in high spirits 精神抖擞
⑦get first/second place 获得第一/二名
⑧national team 国家队
⑨sports talent 运动才能
⑩sports meeting 运动会
⑪unforgettable experience 难忘的经历
⑫hard training 艰苦的训练
⑬pay off 有所回报
⑭a close game 一场势均力敌的比赛
⑮break the record 打破纪录
⑯in the history of 在……的历史上
⑰opening parade 开幕式游行
⑱stay in shape 保持体形
(四)写作佳句背一背
①The athletes never give up and fight for the last minute.They inspire people to hold on, and their spirit moves so many people.
②There is no doubt that sport is good for our health.
③A person who takes exercises regularly will keep fit.What's more, exercise can make you feel confident.
④Sports are looked upon as the most popular form of relaxation that everybody can enjoy.
二、话题书面表达亮一点
假如你是李华，你的美国笔友Mark为完成老师安排的作业，向你询问有关中国的一位篮球运动员的信息，请你给他写一封邮件，简要介绍该运动员。内容主要包括其身份地位、成长经历和在篮球运动方面的成就。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[写作4步走]
第一步：句写对——给词写句
player, introduce, in the history of, show, talent, admit, national team, train, topclass, at one point, hit, appoint, coach, retirement, generation, typical, method
1．很高兴得知你想了解中国的一位知名篮球运动员的信息。
I'm_glad_to_know_that_you_would_like_to_learn_something_about_a_famous_basketball_player_in_China.
2．下面是我想向你介绍的一些情况。
Here_is_something_that_I'd_like_to_introduce_to_you.
3．他是篮球史上最优秀的运动员之一。
He_is_one_of_the_most_excellent_players_in_the_history_of_basketball.
4．他展现出了在运动方面的天赋。
He_showed_the_talent_for_sports.
5．他被国家队录取。
He_was_admitted_to_the_national_team.
6．在那儿他接受训练并成为一流球员。
He_was_trained_and_became_topclass_there.
7．他一度成为热点人物。
He_at_one_point_became_a_hit.
8．2017年退役后他被任命为教练。
He_was_appointed_as_a_coach_after_retirement_in_2017.
9．他开始用他的特别的方法训练下一代。
He_began_to_train_the_next_generation_with_his_typical_method.
10．希望我的介绍能对你有所帮助。
I_hope_my_introduction_is_helpful_to_you.
第二步：量写够——语句扩充
11．在句3中加上“毫无疑问……”构成主从复合句。
There_is_no_doubt_that_he_is_one_of_the_most_excellent_players_in_the_history_of_basketball.
12．在句4中加上时间状语“在5岁时”以及并列成分“引起了一位著名教练的注意”。
At_the_age_of_five,_he_showed_the_talent_for_sports_and_drew_a_famous_coach's_attention.
13．在句5中加上时间状语从句“在他上中学之前”。
Before_he_attended_middle_school,_he_was_admitted_to_the_national_team.
14．在句6中“接受”后加上定语“根据自身特点的”。
He_was_trained_based_on_his_features_and_became_topclass_there.
15．在句7中加上原因状语“由于刻苦、认真”和并列成分“他很快取得了骄人的成绩”。
Because_he_was_hardworking_and_serious,_he_quickly_achieved_remarkable_results_and_at_one_point_became_a_hit.
16．在句9中加上时间状语“从那时起”。
From_then_on,_he_began_to_train_the_next_generation_with_his_typical_method.
第三步：语写美——词句升格
17．用高级词汇outstanding升格句11中的excellent。
18．用定语从句合并句13、14。
Before_he_attended_middle_school,_he_was_admitted_to_the_national_team,_where_he_was_trained_based_on_his_features_and_became_topclass_there.
19．用形容词作补语改写句15。
Hardworking_and_serious,_he_quickly_achieved_remarkable_results_and_at_one_point_became_a_hit.
第四步：篇连顺——衔接成文
本文时间线索比较明确，语句衔接自然，前后连贯，无须额外添加衔接词
Dear_Mark，
I'm_glad_to_know_that_you_would_like_to_learn_something_about_a_famous_basketball_player_in_China.Here_is_something_that_I'd_like_to_introduce_to_you.
There_is_no_doubt_that_he_is_one_of_the_most_outstanding_players_in_the_history_of_basketball.At_the_age_of_five,_he_showed_the_talent_for_sports_and_drew_a_famous_coach's_attention.Before_he_attended_middle_school,_he_was_admitted_to_the_national_team,_where_he_was_trained_based_on_his_features_and_became_topclass_there.Hardworking_and_serious,_he_quickly_achieved_remarkable_results_and_at_one_point_became_a_hit.He_was_appointed_as_a_coach_after_retirement_in_2017.From_then_on,_he_began_to_train_the_next_generation_with_his_typical_method.
I_hope_my_introduction_is_helpful_to_you.
Yours，
Li_Hua
Ⅰ.根据提示填空
Pedestrianism, an early form of racewalking, was a(n) ❶extremely (extreme) popular sport in 18th and 19thcentury Britain, ❷attracting (attract) huge crowds of spectators (观众)．Individuals would either aim to walk a certain distance within a(n) ❸limited (limit) period of time or compete against other pedestrians.
Perhaps the most famous ❹walker (walk) was Captain Robert Barclay Allardice, whose extraordinary (非凡的) achievements earned him the ❺title (称号) of the “Celebrated Pedestrian”．The Scotsman's most memorable ❻performance (perform) took place in 1809, when he walked 1,000 miles in 1,000 hours for a bet of 1,000 guineas (an old British unit of money)．Many considered it unlikely that he would ❼complete_the_challenge (完成这次挑战), which required him to walk a mile an hour, for fortytwo days and nights.He proved them wrong, though the task was so ❽physically (身体上) demanding that by the end of the walk he had lost nearly fifteen kilos in weight.
Since the 20th century, interest in walking as a sport ❾has_dropped (drop)．Racewalking is still an Olympic sport, but fails to_catch (catch) the public attention as it did.
Ⅱ.片段选词填空
performance， impressive， athlete， sports meeting， opening parade， make a lot of preparations， high jump， training， win the second place， pay off， unforgettable experience， event
Last weekend our school held a ❶sports_meeting.Realizing it was our last high school sports meeting, we decided to make it an ❷unforgettable_experience for all of us.
We first attended the ❸opening_parade,_for which our class ❹had_made_a_lot_of_preparations.To our excitement, our parade ❺performance was a great success.After the parade, the games started.My classmates attended various ❻events_such as running, ❼high_jump and long jump.Due to the hard ❽training they had done before, their performances were very ❾impressive.On the stand, my classmates applauded and cheered for the athletes,_some raising their cameras to capture the exciting moments.Finally, the result was announced.It was amazing that our class _won_the_second_place.Our efforts paid_off! Cup in hand, we took a picture together.
I believe this sports meeting will remain a precious memory for all of us as time goes by.
一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)When fat and salt are_removed (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.
2．(2016·浙江高考)When the time came to make the final (finally) decision for a course, I decided to apply for the one that reflected my interest.
3．(2015·天津高考)—Jack, you seem excited (excite)．
—Guess what? I won the first prize in the English speech contest.
4．(2015·福建高考)To my delight (delighted), I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.
5．(2014·江苏高考)Legend has it that the origin (original) of the Dragon Boat Festival is to recall the soul of Qu Yuan.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
precious, finally, significance, traditional, delight, budget, joy, excited
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)And, even if I weren't __43__ enough about free credits, news about our instructor was appealing enough to me.____________
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Two weeks earlier, my son, Ben, had got in touch.He'd moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since I'd last seen him.So imagine my __42__ when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me.____________
3．(2018·江苏高考)When leaving home, Raynor and Moth had just ￡320 in the bank.They planned to keep the __41__ low by living on boiled noodles, with the occasional hamburger shop treat.____________
4．(2017·浙江高考)When the war was near, Alia was worried that the fires of war would destroy the books, which are more __39__ to her than mountains of gold.____________
5．(2016·天津高考)Cathy suffered some terrible illness in her early childhood.After years of regular treatment, she __17__ became healthy.____________
6．(2016·浙江高考)I was dumbfounded (惊呆) at the __54__ of it.Yes, you can fool everyone else, but you cannot “fool the chickens”， because in the end, you will find out, as the saying goes, “What goes around comes around.”____________
7．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)Where do you go when you want to learn something? School? A friend? A tutor? These are all __41__ places of learning.____________
8．(2015·重庆高考)Upon her return home, Alice was filled with __26__ at the news.So was I．____________
答案：1.excited 2.delight 3.budget 4.precious 5.finally
6．significance 7.traditional 8.joy
二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度
新高考下的命题新视角：2020年，第32届夏季奥运会将在东京举行，发源于两千多年前的奥林匹克运动会将体育运动的多种功能发挥得淋漓尽致。体育运动不仅可以强身健体，更是一个国家强大的表现。新时代的教育更是倡导德智体美劳共同发展，体育运动在教育教学中一直备受关注，也是高考选材的热门话题。
[话题感悟]
学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
(加彩词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
For a while, my neighborhood was taken over by an army of joggers (慢跑者)．They were there all the time: early mornings, noons, and evenings.There were little old ladies in gray sweats, young couples in Adidas shoes, middleaged men with red faces.“Come on！” My friend Alex encouraged me to join him as he jogged by my house every evening.“You'll feel great.”
Well, I had nothing against feeling great and if Alex could jog every day, anyone could.So I took up jogging seriously and gave it a good two months of my life, and not a day more.Based on my experience, jogging is the most overvalued form of exercise around, and judging from the number of the people who left our neighborhood jogging army, I'm not alone in my opinion.
First of all, jogging is very hard on the body.Your legs and feet take a real pounding running down a road for two or three miles.I developed foot, leg, and back problems.Then I read about a nationally wellknown jogger who died of a heart attack while jogging, and I had something else to worry about.Jogging doesn't kill hundreds of people, but if you have any physical weaknesses, jogging will surely bring them out, as they did with me.
Secondly, I got no enjoyment out of jogging.Putting one foot in front of the other for fortyfive minutes isn't my idea of joy.Jogging is also a lonely pastime.Some joggers say，“I love being out there with just my thoughts.”Well, my thoughts began to bore me, and most of them were on how much my legs hurt.
And how could I enjoy something that brought me pain? And that wasn't just the first week; it was practically every day for two months.I never got past the pain level, and pain isn't fun.What a cruel way to do it! So many other exercises, including walking, lead to almost the same results painlessly, so why jog?
I don't jog any more, and I don't think I ever will.I'm walking two miles three times a week at a fast pace, and that feels good.I bicycle to work when the weather is good.I'm getting exercise, and meanwhile I'm enjoying it.I could never say the same for jogging, and I've found a lot of better ways to stay in shape.
语篇解读：不知从何时起，慢跑已经悄然成为一种时尚，然而，并不是每个人都适合做这种运动。两个月的慢跑锻炼让作者深受其害、苦不堪言，由此他永远告别了这种痛苦而又枯燥的运动。
1．From the first paragraph, we learn that in the writer's neighborhood ________.
A．jogging became very popular
B．people jogged only during the daytime
C．Alex organized an army of joggers
D．jogging provided a chance to get together
解析：选A 细节理解题。第一段中提到作者所在的街区到处都是形形色色的慢跑者，由此可知A项正确。
2．The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 most probably refers to ________.
A．heart attacks B．back problems
C．famous joggers D．physical weaknesses
解析：选D 代词指代题。本句的前半句提到如果你有任何的身体虚弱症状，慢跑都会让它们显示出来，由此可推断D项正确。
3．Why did the writer give up jogging two months later?
A．He disliked doing exercise outside.
B．He found it neither healthy nor interesting.
C．He was afraid of having a heart attack.
D．He was worried about being left alone.
解析：选B 细节理解题。结合第三段的第一句、最后一句和第四段的第一句可推知B项正确。
4．From the writer's experience, we can conclude that ________.
A．not everyone enjoys jogging
B．he is the only person who hates jogging
C．nothing other than jogging can help people keep fit
D．jogging makes people feel greater than any other sport
解析：选A 推理判断题。文章开头部分提到慢跑在作者所在的街区已经蔚然成风，可作者尝试一段时间后不得不放弃，由此可推断并非每个人都喜欢慢跑。
学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
推理判断技法(2)——整合全文(段)信息，综合推断
有些推理判断题，很难从某一句话或某几句话推断出其含义，这时就需要在弄懂全文意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，从而确定最佳结论。
例如上文第4小题，文章第一段提到慢跑在作者所在的街区已经蔚然成风，第二段提到作者尝试一段时间后不得不放弃，第三、四、五段提到慢跑的不足之处，最后一段提到作者有更适合自己的锻炼方法。纵观全文，可推断并非每个人都喜欢慢跑。故选A项。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·石家庄模拟)
International Competitions in 2018
The H．G.Wells Short
Story Competition
Founded by BBC reporter Reg Turnill and his wife to celebrate the life and works of H．G.Wells and encourage creative writing, this competition has the theme of “peace” this year.Entries must be in English and must be entirely your own work.
Deadline: 23rd July, 2018
Who may enter: Open to anyone
Entry fees: Free (21 and under); ￡10 (over 21)
Prizes:
The Margaret and Reg Turnill Prize:
￡1,000 (21 and under);
The Grand Prize: ￡250 (over 21)
16th Annual Smithsonian.com
Photo Contest
The contest is organized by Smithsonian magazine.It can range from a picture of a family member, to a scene, to a movement at just the right time.There are 6 categories: Natural World; Travel; People; The American Experience; Altered Images; Mobile.
Deadline: 30th November, 2018
Who may enter: Open to photographers who are 18 years old or older
Entry fees: Free
Prizes：
Grand Prize: $2,500;
Readers' Choice: $500
Embracing Our Differences
Artists, professionals, amateurs, and students may submit art images on the theme “enriching lives through diversity”. This competition invites you to participate in creating a society where diversity is accepted.Your original art may be any size.However, you must create or scan and submit it as a digital file.
Deadline: 15th October, 2018
Who may enter: Open to anyone
Entry fees: Free
Prizes: $1,000 each for “BestinShow Adult” and “BestinShow Student”
16th Annual Tom Howard/
Margaret Reid Poetry Contest
The contest is organized by Winning Writers.You may submit poems on any theme, up to 250 lines each.You may submit the same poem at the same time to this contest and to others, and you may submit poems that have been published or won prizes elsewhere.
Deadline: 30th September, 2018
Who may enter: Open to anyone
Entry fees: $12 per poem
Prizes：
Tom Howard Prize: $1,500 for a poem in any style or genre；
Margaret Reid Prize: $1,500 for a poem that rhymes or has a traditional style
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了几个国际比赛的相关事宜。
1．What is required in the storywriting competition?
A．Creating the story in English.
B．Having the work scanned.
C．Paying money for the entry.
D．Submitting the work by July.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据The H．G.Wells Short Story Competition部分中的“Entries must be in English and must be entirely your own work”可知，写故事比赛要求参赛者的作品是用英语写的原创作品，故选A。
2．What is special about “16th Annual Smithsonian.com Photo Contest”？
A．It gives a theme. B．It offers a grand prize.
C．It has an age limit. D．It has two categories.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据16th Annual Smithsonian.com Photo Contest部分中的“Who may enter: Open to photographers who are 18 years old or older”并结合其他三个比赛的“Who may enter”的信息可知，这个比赛对参赛者的年龄有一定的限制，故选C。
3．Which competition asks for entries in electronic form?
A．The H．G.Wells Short Story Competition.
B．16th Annual Smithsonian.com Photo Contest.
C．Embracing Our Differences.
D．16th Annual Tom Howard/Margaret Reid Poetry Contest.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据Embracing Our Differences部分中的“However, you must create or scan and submit it as a digital file”可知，此项赛事是需要提交电子稿件的，故选C。
4．Who may get Margaret Reid Prize after winning the contest?
A．Short story writers. B．Photographers.
C．Art designers. D．Poem writers.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据16th Annual Tom Howard/Margaret Reid Poetry Contest部分中的“Margaret Reid Prize: $1,500 for a poem that rhymes or has a traditional style”可知，获得该奖项的要求是诗押韵或具有传统风格，故诗人有可能获得Margaret Reid Prize，故选D。
B
(2019·广州调研)Paloma sat at a computer in the school library. She stared at the blank screen and the blinking cursor. She rummaged around in her backpack for a rubber band, and then she pulled her hair into a thick ponytail. Paloma looked at the computer screen. It was still blank. She sighed and flipped through her notebook to reread the assignment Mr. Molina had given the class three weeks ago. It was due in just two days, and Paloma knew that she couldn't procrastinate any longer.
Write a creative short story using an experience that you have had recently, Paloma read. Your story should include two examples of figurative language.
Paloma and her family had recently taken a trip along North Carolina's coast. They had visited four different lighthouses, and Paloma wondered what it would be like to live in a lighthouse. She knew that before lighthouses were automated, they were run by a lighthouse keeper who lived on the premises. Paloma thought she'd love to be a lighthouse keeper. Without thinking about it any longer, Paloma began to write the story.
I sat with my cat Sadie curled on my lap and looked out the window at the crashing waves. The heavy rain beat against my lighthouse like a thousand footsteps racing up and down the walls. I held Sadie closer, and she let out a small meow of displeasure. I knew that the coming storm could not be too dangerous if Sadie was still acting normally. I had read that animals can sense changes in weather and will seek shelter from a tornado or hurricane. I was relying on Sadie's calmness to get me through my first hurricane on the island.
I knew that my lighthouse was sturdily built. It had survived more than one hundred years' worth of hurricanes and tropical storms. There was no reason to believe that it couldn't survive another. I looked up at the staircase that spiraled above me and worried as I felt the tower sway slightly in a gust of wind.
Paloma stopped and reread what she had just written. She smiled to herself in delight, saved her story, and then settled into her chair to continue writing. She wasn't sure what was going to happen next, but she knew that if she kept going, the story would continue to tell itself. Paloma couldn't wait to find out where it would take her.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Paloma因完不成写作任务而苦恼不已时，她和家人的一趟旅行给了她写作的灵感。
5．Why is Paloma feeling anxious at the beginning of the passage?
A．She hasn't much time left to do her writing task.
B．She doesn't know the details of her writing task.
C．She has completely forgotten about her writing task.
D．She doesn't know what is wrong with her computer.
解析：选A 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“reread the assignment Mr. Molina had given the class ... she couldn't procrastinate any longer”可知，Paloma盯着空白的电脑一筹莫展，但Mr. Molina布置的写作任务的交稿日期即将到来，因此Paloma不能再拖延了，故选A项。
6．What is the inspiration for Paloma's story idea?
A．Her cat. B．Her teacher.
C．Her trip. D．Her dream.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，Paloma和家人最近去了北卡罗来纳州的海岸，他们参观了四个不同的灯塔，这趟旅行启发了她，于是她开始写与灯塔有关的故事，所以是Paloma和家人的这趟旅行给了她写作的灵感，故选C项。
7．In Paloma's story, how does the lighthouse keeper decide if the storm is dangerous?
A．By listening to the weather report.
B．By watching the crashing waves.
C．By observing the cat's behaviour.
D．By measuring the movement of the lighthouse.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第四段的第四、五句可知，如果即将到来的暴风雨不太危险的话，Sadie(猫)就会表现得比较正常，因为动物能预知剧烈的天气变化，并且做出应急反应。因此灯塔看守人能根据猫的行为判断暴风雨的危险程度，故选C项。
8．As described in the final paragraph, how does Paloma feel after she has written the first part of her story?
A．Confused. B．Excited.
C．Relieved. D．Determined.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“She smiled to herself in delight”(她高兴地笑了)和“Paloma couldn't wait to find out where it would take her”(Paloma迫不及待地想看自己能写到什么程度)可知，Paloma对自己写的故事很满意并且感到很兴奋，故选B项。
C
(2019·福州四校联考)The idea that you can use humor, laughter, and play to make you healthier probably seems too simple to be true. However, it is really true and simple. The sense of humor, laughter and play plays an important part in keeping you healthy.
Treat the blues with a sense of humor, which is closely tied to laughter. Laughter is infectious. Have you ever heard a big laugh of a young child and been able to keep yourself from smiling? When laughter is shared between people, it makes them closer to each other and increases their happiness. Smiling is the beginning of laughter and a smile is also just as infectious as laughter is. You can experience something by smiling at everyone around you, and you will feel happier just by sharing a smile, even with a stranger.
Play is an important part of making sure that we stay healthy. We are often encouraged to make sure our children play, and are told of the benefits of being out playing. However, what we often forget is that it is just as important for old people to make play be part of their life as it's for children. Physical play is important for the old and it certainly helps prevent illness. While the studies are still in the early stages, the studies that have been done have shown that physical play certainly plays a part in preventing cognitive (认知的) falling.
Anyway, adding humor, laughter, and play to our life will influence us mentally, physically and socially and bring us many advantages. So we should make full use of humor, laughter and play to make our life more active, more interesting and happier.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了幽默、大笑和玩耍给人们的健康带来的好处。
9．What does the underlined word “infectious” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Playing an important role.
B．Keeping people in high spirits.
C．Quickly influencing other people.
D．Preventing illness from spreading.
解析：选C 词义猜测题。根据第二段第四句可知，当人们分享笑容时，人们的关系更亲密，人们也会更加快乐。故infectious在此处意为“迅速影响其他人”。
10．What can laughter increase according to the author?
A．Cognitive ability. B．Good relationships.
C．A sense of humor. D．Happiness and trust.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“When laughter is shared between people, it makes them closer to each other and increases their happiness ... and you will feel happier just by sharing a smile, even with a stranger”可知，在作者看来大笑能使人们之间的关系更亲密。
11．What does the author think the old should do?
A．They should have a good rest.
B．They should play like children.
C．They should prevent cognitive falling.
D．They should take part in physical play.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Physical play is important for the old and it certainly helps prevent illness”可知，作者认为老年人应该参与身体活动。
12．Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A．Humor, Laughter and Play for Health
B．Always Keep Our Body Healthy
C．Have an Active and Happy Life
D．Let Our Body and Mind Relax
解析：选A 标题归纳题。根据最后一段的内容可知，这篇文章的主旨是幽默、大笑和玩耍有利于健康。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
How to Calm Down at Work
(2019·呼和浩特调研)The workplace can be a stressful place. Anxiety, conflict, bad management and overwork can lead to frustration and stress. __1__
Keep something you like to look at within sight. A photo of a loved one or a favorite personal souvenir is the best example. Keep such an item somewhere you can glance at it whenever you wish to do so. __2__
Take a moment to engage in exercise. If you're unable to leave your work area, stand and stretch for a moment. Muscle tension exercises can also help you calm down. __3__ For instance, start by squeezing all of your face muscles as tightly as you can for twenty seconds and slowly releasing them.
Write down the reason why you are upset. __4__ Getting your thoughts and feelings out on paper can help clarify the issue you're having. Writing down your thoughts can even help you determine the best way to address your frustration or anxiety and move forward.
__5__ If you and another coworker are constantly frustrated with one another, set up a time to speak with him or her. Say something like，“Hey, Sarah, let's sit down sometime soon and chat to make sure we're on the same page about our upcoming project.”
A．Turn to your workmates for help.
B．Communicate with your workmates.
C．A vase of flowers on your desk is another good example.
D．Focus on one particular muscle or muscle group at a time.
E．Here are the steps you can take to help you calm down at work.
F．Engage your body by rolling your head, shoulder, and ankles while sitting.
G．The best way to figure out exactly what's bothering you is to write it down.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了能帮助人在工作中镇静下来的一些方法。
1．解析：选E 上文说工作场所可能是一个充满压力的地方，忧虑、冲突、糟糕的管理和过度工作可能会导致沮丧和压力。E项“这儿就有一些你可以采纳来帮助你在工作中镇静下来的措施”与上文语义衔接且符合下文的叙述，故选E。
2．解析：选C 本段主要叙述的是放一些你喜欢的东西在视力范围内，而C项说在桌上放一瓶花也是另外一个好的例子，承接上文，故选C。
3．解析：选D 上文说肌肉伸展训练能够帮助你镇静下来，而D项说一次关注一个特定(部位)的肌肉或肌肉组，前后语义衔接，故选D。
4．解析：选G 上文说写下你沮丧的原因，而G项说准确地弄清使你烦恼的原因的最好方法就是把它写下来，与上文逻辑一致，故选G。空前的“Write down”也是提示词。
5．解析：选B 根据空处所在位置可知，空处为段落主题句。本段讲的是如果你和你的同事一直对彼此感到失望，那就找些时间和你的同事交流一下。B项“与你的同事交流”概括准确，故选B。
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