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2020版高考新创新一轮复习英语北师大版学案：必修5Unit13People
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Unit 13 People
一、课前基础自查
(一)分类记单词——省时高效
Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1．selfassessment n． 自我评估
2．lawyer n. 律师
3．senior adj. 高级的
4．physicist n. 物理学家
5．uniform n. 制服
6．chain n. 链条；一连串的事物
7．athletic adj. 喜爱运动的
8．harvest n. 收获
9．airline n. 航空公司；航空线
10．assistant n. 助手，助理
11．academic adj. 学术的
12．clerk n. 职员
13．scholar n. 学者
14．block n. 大厦；街区
15．satellite n. 卫星；人造卫星
16．harvest n. 收获
17．pray vt.&vi. 祈祷，祷告
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1．weakness n． 弱点，缺陷
2．accuse vt. 控告，谴责
3．possibility n. 可能性
4．entirely adv. 完全地
5．desire n. 渴望，欲望
6．account n. (银行)账户
7．deserve vt. 应得，值得
8．grateful adj. 感谢的，感激的
9．previous_ adj. 以前的，过去的
10．gain vt. 获得；增加
11．positive adj. 积极的
12．upset adj. 不安的，不快的
13．glare vi. 怒视，瞪
14．anxiety n. 忧虑，担心
15．forever adv. 永远
16．guilty adj. 不安的；有罪的
17．fault n. 错误；缺点
Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)
1．strength n．长处，优势→strengthen v．增强→strong adj.强壮的
2．concentrate vi.集中(思想、注意力等)→concentration n．专心，专注
3．associate vt.联想，联系→association n．联想；协会
4．expression n．表情；词语；感情→express vt.表达，表示 n．快递
5．accurately adv.精确地，准确地→accurate adj.精确的，准确的→accuracy n．精确
6．description n．描述，形容→describe v．描写，描述→describer n．描写者
7．predict vt.预言，预测→prediction n．预测，预告→predictor n．预言家
8．independent adj.独立的→independence n．独立→depend vi.依赖，依靠
9．relief n．减轻，宽慰→relieve v．使安慰；缓解
10．judge vt.评判 n．法官→judgement n．判断，判断力
11．devotion n．奉献→devote vt.献身于，专心致志于→devoted adj.献身的，忠诚的
[语境活用]
1．We should concentrate our energy on the game for lack of concentration may cause us to lose it.(concentrate)
2．Some scientists associate smoking with cancer, because smoking has a close association with lung cancer.(associate)
3．This girl described what she had seen and heard, giving a vivid description of the event as if she had attended it herself. So she was a good describer.(describe)
4．The judge said, “Judging from the man's behavior, our judgement is practical.”(judge)
5．Our country is an independent country so we must depend on ourselves; independence and liberty is our state principle forever.(depend)
6．My brother strengthens himself by taking outdoor exercise every day; now he is so strong that I dare not measure strength against him.(strength)
7．To predict the weather_accurately and give us more_accurate_information, the observers try their best to guarantee the accuracy of their observation.(accurate)
(二)练中记短语——记牢用活
写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.come_up_with 提出，想出
2．concentrate_on 集中于；专注于
3．talk_sb.into_doing_sth._ 说服某人做某事
4．draw_up 起草
5．end_up_ 结果为……；以……结束
6．on_the_other_hand 另一方面
7．in_terms_of 就某事来说；从某个角度上看
8．be_willing_to_do_sth. 愿意做某事
9．react_to 对……作出反应
10．deal_with 处理，对付
11．glare_at 怒视
12．can't_help_doing_sth. 禁不住做某事
13．to_be_honest 说实话
14．be_devoted_to 奉献；致力于
15．compared_to 和……比较起来
16．pick_up 捡起；接(人)；(无意
间)学会；好转
17．accuse_sb.of_sth. 控告某人做某事
1.Keeping calm is the most important thing when you deal_with an emergency.
2．To_be_honest,_I don't like chatting with her at all.
3．The poor woman just stood there glaring_at the pickpocket.
4．How did you come_up_with the good idea that we could escape being punished?
5．You will one day end_up in prison if you continue to steal.
6．How do you react_to this modern artist's paintings?
7．In_terms_of working ability, you are no worse than the others. It is just you don't put your heart into your work.
8．Seeing these photos, I can't_help thinking of my happy childhood.
9．With so much noise outside, I can't concentrate_on my work which must be finished at 5 o'clock this afternoon.
10．If you want to make rapid progress, you should draw_up your own study plan and put it into practice.
(三)仿写明句式——以用为本
教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.It is generally believed that people with high EQs are open to new ideas and have positive attitudes towards life.
人们普遍认为高情商的人善于接受新观念，对待生活持积极态度。
it作形式主语。
(2017·天津高考书面表达)我真诚地希望你能抽出一些时间再次来参观天津，自从你离开之后它已经发生了巨大的变化。
It's_my_sincere_hope_that you can spare some time for a visit to Tianjin again, which has changed greatly since you left.
2.I really dislike it when he eats garlic for lunch.
我真的不喜欢他午饭吃大蒜。
it作形式宾语。
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)如果你已学会了用筷子，那么主人会很喜欢。
The host will like_it_if_you have learned to use chopsticks.
3.Perhaps the postcode was wrong, and that's why the letter never arrived.
可能邮政编码错了，那就是信一直未收到的原因。
that's why ...“那就是……的原因”，why引导表语从句。
(2017·北京高考书面表达)那就是我认为长江之旅是较好选择的原因。
That's_why I think the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice.
4.I was getting more and more annoyed and of course, the more upset I got, the less I was able to concentrate.
我变得越来越烦躁，自然越烦躁越不能集中精力。
the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ...“越……，就越……”。
他们担心你的越少，你越获得更多的独立。
The_less they worry about you, the_more independence you'll gain.
二、课堂重点深化
1．concentrate vi.集中(思想、注意力等)
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①We must concentrate our energy on treating (treat) addiction first.
②What's more, I find out that I still have some bad learning habits as well. I can only concentrate on reading for a short time, and I will conquer the problem by spending more efforts on concentration (concentrate) practice.
③He made a concentrated (concentrate) effort to finish the work on time.
一句多译
他将注意力全部集中在技术问题上。
④He_concentrated_his_attention_on_the_question_of_technology. (concentrate)
⑤He_fixed/focused_his_attention_on_the_question_of_technology. (fix/focus)
⑥He_put_his_heart_into_the_question_of_technology.(put one's heart into)
[系统归纳]
(1)concentrate on (doing) sth. 聚精会神于(做)某事
concentrate one's attention/energy ... on/upon (doing) ...
集中某人的注意力/精力……于(做)……
(2)concentration n. 专心，集中
(3)concentrated adj. 集中的，全神贯注的
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑦This year the company has concentrated to improving its efficiency.to→on
佳句时时写
⑧(2018·浙江高考书面表达)如果一名志愿者不能集中精力，她就无法胜任这份工作。
If_a_volunteer_is_unable_to_concentrate_her_energy,_she_will_be_unable_to_be_fit_for_the_position.
[联想发散] 表示“专注于；专心于”的短语还有：
①fix on ②focus on
③put one's heart into ④be buried in
⑤abandon oneself to ⑥be lost in
⑦be devoted to ⑧be absorbed in
2．associate vt.联想，联系
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①There has always been a close association (associate) between the two schools.
②Mother warned the boys not to associate with bad companions.
③The exhibition was organized by the school in association with local artists.
④In the children's minds summer is associated (associate) with picnics.
一句多译
有很多严重的健康问题与吸烟有关。
⑤There are many serious health problems which_are_associated_with_smoking.(使用定语从句)
⑥There are many serious health problems associated_with_smoking.(使用分词作定语)
⑦There are many serious health problems in_association_with_smoking.(使用介词短语作定语)
[系统归纳]
(1)associate ...with ... 使……与……联系起来
associate with sb. 与某人交往/共事
be associated with 与……有关
(2)association n. 联合；联想；交往；协会；社团
in association with 与……联合；与……有关联
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑧If you associate on positivethinking people, you are definitely going to achieve success. on→with
佳句时时写
⑨(2018·天津高考书面表达)这是将你的才能与实践联系起来的一次好机会。
It's_a_good_opportunity_to_associate_your_talent_with_the_practice.
[联想发散] “与……有关”的其他表达还有：
①be related to ②have something to do with
③be in connection with ④be connected with
3．deserve vt.应得，值得
[自主体验]
完成句子
①With many wild animals gradually dying out, the present situation_deserves_attention.
随着许多野生动物逐渐灭绝，目前形势值得关注。
②They had some excellent players, so they certainly deserved_to_win that match.
他们有一些优秀的队员，所以他们理所当然地赢得了那场比赛。
句型转换
It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that deserve respect.
③It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that deserve respecting.
④It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that deserve to be respected.
[系统归纳]
deserve consideration/attention/respect 值得考虑/关注/尊敬
deserve to do sth. 应该做某事
deserve doing/to be done ……值得做
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑤He deserved be locked up forever for what he had done.deserved后加to
佳句时时写
⑥(2013·广东高考书面表达)不管是多么平凡的工作，它在社会中都起着一定的作用，因此值得我们应有的尊敬。
No_matter_how_ordinary_a_job_is,_it_plays_a_part_in_society_and_therefore_deserves_our_due_respect.
[名师指津] deserve不用于进行时态，且deserve doing相当于deserve to be done，此时动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，类似的单词还有need, want, require等。
4．accuse vt.控告，指控，谴责
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Everyone here accused him of breaking the window.
②The accused (accuse) was accused as a murderer, but the judge found him innocent.
③Man often accuses nature for his own misfortune.
[系统归纳]
(1)accuse sb.of (doing) sth. 指责/控告某人(做)某事
accuse sb.for sth. 为某事指责某人
accuse sb.as ... 控告/指责某人为……
(2)the accused 被告
[重点强化]
易错对对碰(charge/accuse)
④The police charged him with breaking the law.
⑤His neighbor accused him of playing the musical instrument too loudly.
佳句时时写
⑥(2013·福建高考书面表达)父母常被指责为孩子安排好一切，并不遗余力地为孩子的成功铺好道路。
Parents_are_often_accused_of_arranging_everything_for_their_children_and_sparing_no_effort_to_pave_the_way_for_their_success.
[辨析比较]
动词
含义
搭配
accuse
当面指责或指挥
accuse sb. of ...
charge
因犯较大错误或
重大罪行而正式起诉
charge sb. with ...
5.desire n．渴望，欲望v.期望，渴望
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①She had a strong desire to_be (be) a dancer but failed to make the grade.
②He desired that I (should)_go (go) abroad for further education.
③Those foreigners desire to_visit (visit) the Great Wall.
④He has a strong desire for success though he has failed many times.
一句多译
我们班的每个学生都非常渴望上名牌大学。
⑤Each student in our class has_a_strong_desire_to_go_to_a_famous_university.(desire n．)
⑥Each student in our class has_a_strong__desire_for_a_famous_university.(desire n．)
⑦Each student in our class desires_to_go_to_a_famous_university.(desire v．)
[系统归纳]
(1)a desire for sth. 对……的渴望
a desire to do sth. 做某事的渴望/愿望
a desire that ... ……的愿望
(2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
desire that ... 希望
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑧Mr.Wang desired that we waited a moment.waited→wait_
佳句时时写
⑨(2013·重庆高考书面表达)我们渴望你能为我们的项目提供一些资金，也提供一些实用的建议。
It's_our_desire_that_you_should_provide_some_money_to_fund_our_program,_as_well_as_offer_us_some_practical_suggestions.
[名师指津] desire后无论是跟宾语从句还是跟同位语从句，都应该用虚拟语气，其形式是“(should＋)动词原形”。
6．relief n．宽慰，轻松；解脱；减轻，消除，缓和
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Seeing the baby fall asleep, the young mother smiled in_relief.
②What a relief! It almost took us five years to pay back all the money we borrowed from the bank.
③The new secretary will relieve us of the paperwork.
④Smiling and laughing has actually been shown to relieve (relief) tension and stress.
完成句子
⑤Much_to_his_relief,_his son found a job smoothly last month.
令他感到非常宽慰的是，他的儿子上个月顺利地找到了工作。
[系统归纳]
(1)to one's relief 令某人感到欣慰的是
What a relief! 可松口气了！
in relief 如释重负；松了口气
(2)relieve v. 解除，减轻，缓和
relieve sb.of 解除某人的(负担、痛苦等)
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑥When Tracy was told her son's illness could be cured, she left the hospital on relief. on→in
佳句时时写
⑦(2018·天津高考书面表达)你曾在机器人竞赛(robotics competition)中获得过一等奖，如果你能加入我们的团队我们会感到很安心。
You_have_won_the_first_prize_in_a_robotics_competition_and_it_will_be_a_relief_to_see_that_you_join_our_team.
7．account vt.认为是，视为n.解释，说明；账目；(银行)账户；描述，叙述
[自主体验]
写出下列句中 account的含义
①I opened a bank account after I made 1,000 yuan by doing a parttime job during the summer vacation. 账户
②Much to our surprise, the witness's account of the traffic accident differed from the official version in several aspects. 描述，叙述
③In English law a person is accounted innocent until he/she is proved guilty.认为是，视为
④The accounts show that the business is beginning to improve. 账目
单句语法填空
⑤How do you account for making so many mistakes in your homework?
⑥We delayed our departure on account of the bad weather.
完成句子
⑦Taking_his_age_into_account,_we shouldn't be so strict with him.
考虑到他的年龄，我们不应该对他如此严格。
⑧On_no_account_can_you_give_up whatever happens.
不管发生什么你决不能放弃。
[系统归纳]
(1)account for 说明(原因等)；作出解释；占……比例
(2)on account of 由于，因为
on no account 决不(放在句首时，句子要倒装)
take ...into account＝take account of＝take ...into consideration 考虑到……
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑨As far as I know, Peter's careless driving accounted in the terrible accident. in→for
佳句时时写
⑩(2015·湖南高考书面表达)在我的新发明中我必须考虑一些特定的因素。
There_are_some_certain_factors_I_must_take_into_account_on_my_new_invention._
8．judge n．裁判，法官vt.评判；判断；审判，判决
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①He had entirely lost faith in his own judgement (judge) because of that fault.
②Judging (judge) from the book I have read, I think he is a very promising writer.
③Wearing proper clothes is important too, for locals will judge you by/from what you wear.
完成句子
④As_far_as_I_can_judge,_he can realize his dream of going to university.
依我看来，他能实现上大学的梦想。
⑤Judging_by/from_the_expression_on_her_face,_she must have news of great excitement to tell us.
从她脸上的神情看，她一定有令人兴奋的消息要告诉我们。
[系统归纳]
(1)judge ...from/by ... 从……来判断
as far as I can judge 据我判断；我认为
(2)judging by/from 从……上看；根据……判断
(3)judgement n. 判断力；评价
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑥Judged from what he said, he must be an honest man.Judged→Judging
佳句时时写
⑦(2018·江苏高考书面表达)很明显，盲目听从别人的意见会影响我们自己的判断。
Apparently,_blindly_following_others'_advice_will_affect_our_own_judgement.
[名师指津] judging from/by用在句首时，为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态影响，只用现在分词作状语而不采用过去分词的形式。
9．devote vt.献身于，专心致志于
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①He has devoted most of his time and energy to finding (find) a cure for the disease.
②Li Lei is my devoted (devote) friend and he has devoted himself to improving (improve) the education of the local people.
③From my first job at the restaurant, I learned teamwork and devotion (devote)．
句式升级
The young lady is devoted to teaching the deaf children and has little time to care for her own daughter.
④Devoting_herself_to_teaching_the_deaf_children,_the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.(现在分词作状语)
⑤Devoted_to_teaching_the_deaf_children,_the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.(过去分词作状语)
[系统归纳]
(1)devote oneself to (doing) sth. 献身于/致力于(做)某事
devote one's life/time/money/energy to (doing) sth.
把某人的一生/时间/金钱/精力奉献于(做)某事
(2)devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的
be devoted to (doing) sth. 专心于/奉献于(做)某事
(3)devotion n. 关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑥Devoting to his research, he didn't care what was happening around him. Devoting→Devoted或Devoting后加himself
佳句时时写
⑦(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我经常在空闲的时候和我的同学们在学校体育馆打羽毛球。
I_often_devote_my_free_time_to_playing_badminton_with_my_classmates_in_the_school_stadium.
[联想发散] devote (oneself) to中的to是介词，其后常接名词、代词或动名词作宾语，类似的短语还有：
①look forward to (doing) sth. 盼望(做)某事
②be opposed/object to (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事
③get down to (doing) sth. 开始着手(做)某事
④pay attention to (doing) sth. 注意(做)某事
⑤lead to (doing) sth. 导致(做)某事
⑥be/get used/accustomed to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事
⑦adapt/adjust (oneself) to (doing) sth. 适应(做)某事
⑧be addicted to (doing) sth. 对(做)某事上瘾
1．talk sb. into doing sth.说服某人做某事
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Wang Lin talked his parents into sending (send) him to the famous middle school.
②I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm goes off.
③Talking of literature, do you have any interest in Lu Xun's works?
④I can't talk her_out of giving up her dream of being a physician.
一句多译
我妻子说服了我在房价上涨之前买一套新房子。
⑤My wife talk/persuaded/argued_me_into_buying_a_new_house before house prices went up. (talk/persuade/argue)
⑥My wife persuaded_me_to_buy_a_new_house_before house prices went up. (persuade)
[系统归纳]
(1)talk sb. into doing sth.
＝persuade/argue sb. into doing sth.
＝persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事
talk sb. out of doing sth.
＝persuade/argue sb. out of doing sth.
＝persuade sb. not to do sth. 说服某人不做某事
(2)talk of 谈到，说到
talk about 谈论，议论
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑦To our delight, I succeeded in talking my father in giving up smoking.第二个in→into
佳句时时写
⑧(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)谈到餐桌礼仪，在用餐过程中，说话声音别太大，要让人听起来感到很舒服。
Talking_of_table_manners,_keep_your_voice_low_and_pleasant_during_the_meal._
2．in terms of就……而言；在……方面；从某个角度上看
[自主体验]
完成句子
①I feel sure that in_terms_of_ability_and_experience,_you are absolutely suited to the position.
我确信从能力和经验的角度来说，你绝对适合这个职位。
②In_the_long_term,_it is necessary to be_on_good_terms_with people around us, so we should learn to come_to_terms_with others.
从长远来看，与我们周围的人处好关系很重要，所以我们要学会迁就别人。
[系统归纳]
be on good/bad/friendly terms with sb.
与某人关系好/不好/友好
come to terms with ... 对……让步，迁就……，接受(不愉快的事)；适应……
in the long/short term 就长期/短期而言
[重点强化]
易错处处防
③What they have done is good for the environment in the long terms. terms→term
佳句时时写
④(2016·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)请你帮我找出文字和格式方面的错误好吗？
Would_you_mind_finding_out_the_mistakes_in_terms_of_words_and_format?
[名师指津] 在短语in the long/short term中，term用单数形式。
3．can't help doing sth.禁不住要做某事
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①She can't help (to)_clean (clean) the house because she's busy making a cake.
②All the students couldn't help laughing (laugh) when they heard the joke.
③When the streets are full of melting snow, you can't help but get (get) your shoes wet.
一句多译
最后一班地铁离开了，我们不得不步行回家。
④The_last_subway_left,_and_we_could_do_nothing_but_walk_home. (can do nothing but do sth.)
⑤The_last_subway_left,_and_we_couldn't_help_but_walk_home. (can't help but do sth.)
⑥The_last_subway_left,_and_we_had_no_choice_but_to_walk_home. (have no choice but to do sth.)
[系统归纳]
can't help (to) do sth. 不能帮忙做某事
can't help but do sth.
＝can do nothing but do sth.
＝have no choice but to do sth. 不得不做某事
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑦Faced with so much trouble, I can't help but to turn to my parents for help. 去掉第一个to
佳句时时写
⑧(2018·江苏高考书面表达)每次购买我想要的东西时，我都禁不住参考消费排名。
Every_time_I_purchase_what_I_want,_I_can't_help_consulting_consumption_ratings.
4．end up结果为……；以……结束
[自主体验]
选词填空(at an end/in the end/at the end of/put an end to)
①Honestly speaking, I do want to buy an iPad at_the_end_of the year.
②The meeting was at_an_end,_but the people still stayed in the meeting hall.
③He tried various jobs and in_the_end became a teacher.
④They didn't know how to_put_an_end_to the quarrel.
单句语法填空
⑤Smell the flowers before you go to sleep, and you may just end up with sweet dreams.
⑥If you don't know what you want, you might end up getting (get) something you don't want.
⑦His brother got rapid promotion and ended up as a manager in a company.
[系统归纳]
(1)end up doing sth. 以……结束/告终
end up with ... 以……而结束
end up as ... 结果成为(职位)
(2)come to an end
＝put/bring an end to
＝bring sth. to an end 结束
at the end of 在……尽头；在……末端
by the end of 到……结束时；到……时候为止(常与完成时态连用)
in the end 最后；终于
at an end 结束，终止
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑧His life returned to normal after the war came to end.end前加an
佳句时时写
⑨(2016·天津高考书面表达)两周过去了，我们的交流活动结束了。
Two_weeks_went_by,_and_our_exchange_activities_came_to_an_end.
5．it作形式宾语
[教材原句] I really dislike_it_when he eats garlic for lunch.
[自主体验]
①I_would_appreciate_it_if you could take the trouble to do so much for me.
如果你能不怕麻烦为我做这么多，我将不胜感激。
②You can depend_on/upon_it_that such a boring thing will never happen again.
你放心好了，这种无聊的事绝不会再发生的。
③Some of us always take_it_for_granted that our parents or grandparents should take care of us.
我们中的一些人理所当然地认为父母或者祖父母应该照顾我们。
④He saw_to_it_that the work was finished on time.
他确保工作按时完成。
[归纳点拨]
(1)英语中，某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如like, enjoy, love, dislike, appreciate, prefer等接when/if引导的从句作宾语时，通常用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放在it之后。
(2)类似用法短语还有see to it that ...“务必；确保”； depend/rely on it that ...“依赖/相信”； take it for granted that ...“认为……是理所当然的”等。
[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)(2018·全国卷Ⅰ写作佳句)Generally speaking, people hate it when people talk with their mouths full.
②(精彩收尾句)(2018·天津高考写作佳句)I would appreciate it if you could give us some advice on how to improve our robots.
6．that's why ...
[教材原句] Perhaps the postcode was wrong, and that's_why the letter never arrived.
[自主体验]
①He didn't pass the exam yesterday. That's_why he got angry with me.
昨天他没有通过考试，那就是他对我生气的原因。
②He was late for work this morning. That's_because he got caught in a traffic jam.
今天早上他上班迟到了，那是因为他遇上了交通堵塞。
③The_reason_why he didn't pass the driving test was_that_he was too careless.
他没有通过驾照考试的原因是他太粗心了。
[归纳点拨]
用法规则
(1)That's why ...意为“那就是……的原因”， why引导表语从句。
(2)That's because ...意为“那是因为……”，because引导表语从句。
(3)The reason why ... is/was that ... 意为“……的原因是……”，why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句。
注意事项
(1)在句型“That's why/because ...”中，why后强调结果，because后强调原因。
(2)在句型“The reason why ... is/was that ...”中，表语从句只能用that引导，不能用because。
[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)(2014·浙江高考满分作文)In addition to reading for knowledge, we read for fun and inspiration. That is why I recommend another category of books: literary books.
②(增分要点句)(2014·上海高考满分作文)The reason why I'd like to see a Career Planning section is that high schools in Shanghai seldom offer career guidance, which should be made indispensable to the curriculums.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．As far as I see, there is no possibility (可能性) that he will win the tennis match this time.
2．I sent a big bunch of flowers to the nurse as an expression (表达) of thanks for her taking good care of my grandpa in the nursing home.
3．Science and technology is developing rapidly and it's hard to predict (预测) what the world will look like in another 20 years.
4．I decided to apply my previous (以前的) experience to learning how to read and write.
5．To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their strengths (长处) and weaknesses (弱点)．
6．Don't blame him for the accident; it's not his fault (错误)．
7．It is our hope that the two countries will live in peace forever(永远)．
8．He feels quite guilty (有罪的) about being unable to take care of his sick father because of his busy work.
9．We still had a good harvest (收获) of wheat this year in spite of the heavy drought in spring.
10．Such a positive (积极的) attitude towards life can be helpful in lifting your spirits.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The boy talked his mother into buying him a home computer.
2．We have learned to associate packing with quality.
3．He had a strong desire to_carry (carry) out the discussion put forward at yesterday's meeting.
4．If you have enough evidence, you can accuse government officials of corruption.
5．I think the Bird's Nest deserves to_be_visited/visiting (visit) again.
6．Some students are good at concentrating on what the teachers teach in class.
7．Devoted (devote) to the study of science, she had little time to take care of her children.
8．The heavy rain may have accounted for the absence of so many students this morning.
9．When his daughter came home at last, he was in relief.
10．In terms of convenience, the museum has more advantages over the gallery.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．Judged from the club's name, it is easy to guess that players can only join if they are fat.Judged→Judging
2．The teacher desired that all the homework was handed in before school was over.第一个was→be
3．As a typist, the most important aspect of the job is to be able to type quickly and accurate.accurate→accurately
4．The teens accuse their parents with misleading them.with→of
5．Neighbors devoted their spare time to help others rebuild.help→helping
6．The scientists are beating their brains out trying to come up a solution to the problem.up后加with
7．I can't help wonder what happened to that little girl.wonder→wondering
8．The judge looked up from his notes to glare to him.第二个to→at
9．Your suggestion sounds reasonable and practical. I think it deserves discussed at the next meeting.discussed→discussing
10．The house is ideal in term of size, but it's too expensive.term→terms
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．I_would_appreciate_it_if you could give me this opportunity to further education abroad.
如果你能给我这次在国外进一步学习的机会我将不胜感激。
2．To_our_relief,_the disease didn't burst out as expected.
令我们欣慰的是，这种疾病并没有像预计的那样突然发生。
3．On_no_account_should_you_leave the baby alone in the house.
你切不可将婴儿独自留在家中。
4．Playing computer games can give us some relaxation after school, but as students we must concentrate_on_our_studies.
放学后玩电脑游戏能使我们放松，但是作为学生，我们必须集中精力学习。
5．The_higher_you stand, the_farther_you will see.
你站得越高就看得越远。
6．I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That's_why I got wet all through.
我既没带雨衣也没带雨伞，那就是我全身湿透了的原因。
本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与自我”中的“个人情况及与人相处”子话题相对应
一、话题语素积累多一点
子话题——个人情况及与人相处
(一)浅易词汇温一温
①encouraging ②trust ③politely ④understand
⑤respect ⑥share ⑦understanding ⑧grateful
⑨reality ⑩fight ⑪argument ⑫introduce
⑬conflict ⑭mean ⑮outstanding ⑯communication
⑰talent ⑱creative ⑲confident ⑳support
welcome opinion suggestion helpful
(二)生疏词汇记一记
①relationship n． 关系 ②harmonious adj. 和谐的
③considerate adj. 体贴的 ④admirable adj. 值得赞赏的
⑤broadminded adj. 宽宏大量的 ⑥accompany vt. 陪同
⑦cooperate vi. 合作 ⑧enthusiastic adj. 热情的
⑨precious adj. 珍贵的 ⑩sincere adj. 真诚的
⑪tolerance n. 忍受 ⑫violence n. 暴力
⑬insult vt. 侮辱 ⑭behaviour n. 行为
⑮threat n. 威胁 ⑯personality n. 性格
⑰independent adj. 独立的 ⑱stubborn adj. 固执的
⑲diligent adj. 勤奋的 ⑳intelligence n. 智力
straightforward adj. 简单的；坦率的
unavoidable adj. 不可避免的
(三)常用词块忆一忆
①be based on 以……为基础
②be sure to 一定
③be ready to 准备好
④forgive sb.'s faults 原谅某人的错误
⑤sense of humor 幽默感
⑥believe in 相信，信任
⑦be patient with 对……有耐心
⑧be merciful to 对……是仁慈的
⑨be enthusiastic about 对……热情
⑩communicate with 与……交流
⑪be willing to do sth. 乐意做某事
⑫be concerned about 关心，挂念
⑬share ... with ... 与……分享……
⑭depend on 依靠
⑮have ...in common 有共同之处
⑯get on/along well with sb. 与某人相处融洽
⑰in harmony with 与……和谐相处
⑱break up 分手；解散；结束
⑲deal with 处理，对付
⑳have words with 与……发生口角
be responsible for 对……负责
have a talent/gift for 有……才能
(四)写作佳句背一背
①I didn't realize the importance of cooperating with others until I was chosen monitor of my class in my senior middle school.
②I was about to give up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.
③Not only does he study well but also he is always ready to help others.
④Now that you are a college student, you should learn to be independent of your parents' help.
二、话题书面表达亮一点
假定你是李华，你的笔友Tom给你发来电子邮件，询问怎样才能与同学和睦相处。请你根据要点提示给Tom回一封电子邮件，提出你的建议。
1．尊重别人；
2．宽宏大量；
3．原谅别人的过错。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．不要逐条翻译，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[写作4步走]
第一步：句写对——给词写句
get along well with, relationship, be based on, understanding, respect, be sure to, be ready to, welcome, broadminded, mean, opinion, behaviour, forgive sb.'s faults, suggestion, helpful
1．你问我该如何与其他同学和睦相处。
You_asked_me_how_you_should_get_along_well_with_other_students.
2．我们应当牢记：任何良好的关系都是建立在理解、信任和尊重的基础之上的。
We_should_remember_that_any_good_relationship_is_based_on_understanding,_trust_and_respect.
3．我们应该尊重别人、以诚待人。
We_should_respect_others,_and_treat_them_sincerely.
4．我们一定会获得他们的尊重。
We_are_sure_to_gain_their_respect.
5．无论是谁，只要乐于助人，总是会受欢迎的。
Whoever__is_ready_to_help_others_is_always_welcome._
6．我们应该胸怀宽广。
We_should_be_broadminded.
7．这意味着要尊重别人的观点和行为。
It_means_that_we_should_respect_others'_opinions_and_behaviours.
8．我们也应当学会原谅别人的过错。
We_should_also_learn_to_forgive_other_people's_faults.
第二步：量写够——语句扩充
9．在第1句中加入状语“在你上次的来信中”。
You_asked_me_how_you_should_get_along_well_with_other_students_in_your_last_letter.
10．在第4句后加入状语“作为回报”。
We_are_sure_to_gain_their_respect_in_return.
11．在第7句中加入定语“与我们不同的”修饰“观点和行为”。
It_means_that_we_should_respect_others'__opinions_and_behaviours_different_from_ours.
12．添加书信常用结尾语“希望我的建议对你有所帮助。”
I_hope_my_suggestions_will_be_helpful_to_you.
第三步：语写美——词句升格
13．用短语keep ... in mind升格第2句中的remember。
We_should_keep_it_in_mind_that_any_good_relationship_is_based_on_understanding,_trust_and_respect.
14．用“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句式合并第3句与第10句。
Respect_others_and_treat_them_sincerely,_and_we_are_sure_to_gain_their_respect_in_return.
15．用定语从句改写第5句。
One_person_who_is_ready_to_help_others_is_always_welcome.
16.用which引导的非限制性定语从句合并第6句与第11句。
We_should_be_broadminded,_which_means_that_we_should_respect_others'_opinions_and_behaviours_different_from_ours.
第四步：篇连顺——衔接成文
可加入过渡句“Here， I'd give you some suggestions.”并用衔接词firstly， secondly， thirdly等连句成文。
Dear_Tom，
You_asked_me_how_you_should_get_along_well_with_other_students_in_your_last_letter._Here,_I'd_give_you_some_suggestions.
Firstly,_we_should_keep_it_in_mind_that_any_good_relationship_is_based_on_understanding,_trust_and_respect._Respect_others_and_treat_them_sincerely,_and_we_are_sure_to_gain_their_respect_in_return._Secondly,_one_person_who_is_ready_to_help_others_is_always_welcome._Thirdly,_we_should_be_broadminded,_which_means_that_we_should_respect_others'_opinions_and_behaviours_different_from_ours._We_should_also_learn_to_forgive_other_people's_faults.
I_hope_my_suggestions_will_be_helpful_to_you.
Yours，
Li_Hua
Ⅰ.根据提示填空
Two friends have an ❶argument (argue) that breaks up their ❷friendship (友谊) forever, even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started. Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country. In fact, according to an official report on youth ❸violence (violent)，“In our country today, the greatest ❹threat (威胁) to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible ❺reality (real) of violence.”Given that this is the case, why aren't students taught to manage ❻conflict (冲突) the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?
First of all, students need to realize that conflict is ❼unavoidable (不可避免的). A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor ❽insult (侮辱). For example, a ❾fight (打架) could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence. The problem isn't in the sandwich, but in the way students deal_with (处理) the conflict.
Ⅱ.片段选词填空
encourage， polite， communication， adjust to， be willing to， relationship， depend on， trust， respect， sense of humor
Make sure you give your partner ❶respect. Now respect isn't just simply treating her or him ❷politely. There's a lot more to it. You have to learn to ❸adjust_to_their liking. Basically, learn to study your partners' moods, wants and needs. Don't just think about yourself; think about what your partner needs out of it as well.
Make sure you are ❹encouraging to your partner. Always ❺be_willing_to_help them and give them honesty and positivity at the same time. Make them feel you are someone they can really ❻depend_on_and build a future with. This is an important step in a ❼relationship. Your partner has to be able to count on you when needed.
Make sure you have a good ❽sense_of_humor with them. Laughter is the key to happiness. Laugh a lot with them, and joke with them. Laughter may seem silly, but it's the secret to a lot in life. It will keep the sparks alive. Laughter keeps the relationship strong and lasting.
Make sure the ❾communication is good. This goes along with trust. And always communicate how you feel, even if it's something that upsets you. Instead of screaming, talk to them.
一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2018·天津高考)The possibility (possible) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
2．(2018·天津高考)I didn't mean to eat anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn't help trying (try) it.
3．(2016·江苏高考)He did not compromise easily, but was willing_to_accept (accept) any constructive advice for a worthy cause.
4．(2015·天津高考)Despite the previous (previously) rounds of talks, no agreement has been reached so far by the two sides.
5．(2014·浙江高考)No matter how carefully you plan your finances, no one can predict (prediction) when the unexpected will happen.
6．(2014·江西高考)Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence (independent). On the other hand, it could just put you in debt.
7．(2014·福建高考) It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(选用relief, concentrate on, judge, come up with, desire, deal with填空)
1．(2015·福建高考)It wasn't until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became aware of her habit of finding fault. Very quickly, she learned to appreciate life rather than to __47__ everything so harshly (刻薄). She was able to transfer her new wisdom to other parts of her life as well.____________
2．(2014·福建高考)And I realized he had been doing what music teachers always stress: __53__ the music and pretend the others aren't there.____________
3．(2014·辽宁高考)I felt a little uneasy, but to my __42__， I had a good excuse: A business meeting had run over and I'd wasted no time getting to the dinner.____________
4．(2014·湖南高考)Whatever failures I suffer in my life, an ironed shirt tells me I am good at something. Besides, through ironing I've learned the method for solving even the most troublesome problems.“__47__ wrinkles one at a time，” as Mom might have said, “and before long everything will get ironed out.”____________
5．(2010·浙江高考)So I __31__ a plan and gathered forty people from my company to help. We gathered about 125 orphans (孤儿) at the Christmas party.For every child, we wrapped colorful packages filled with toys, clothes，and school supplies, each with a child's name.____________
6．(2009·辽宁高考)Suddenly, a car key dropped from an envelope taped behind the book.It had a tag (标签) with the dealer's name, the same dealer who had the sports car he had__53__.On the tag was the date of his graduation, and the words PAID IN FULL.____________
答案：1.judge 2.concentrate on 3.relief 4.deal with
5．came up with 6.desired
二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度
新高考下的命题新视角：个人生活在社会中，与人相处是必不可少的，和“个人情况及与人相处”相关的话题成为高考常考的热点内容之一。该话题常涉及个人介绍(如姓名、年龄、职业、性格、品质等)、名人事迹介绍(如影视明星、体坛巨星、领袖人物、科学家和历史名人)和良好人际关系等内容。高考在这方面命题有利于培养考生高尚的道德情操，能引导学生树立正确的人生观和价值观。
[话题感悟]
学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
(加黑词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B)I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn't want me for the film — it wanted somebody as well known as Paul — he stood up for me. I don't know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.
The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft (技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other — but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core (核心) of our relationship off the screen.
We shared the belief that if you're fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back — he with his Newman's Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn't see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.
I last saw him a few months ago. He'd been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn't talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didn't need a lot of words.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了与Paul的相识及与其建立友谊的原因，虽不常见面但是却因共同的信念而保持着友谊。
24．Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first?
A．Paul Newman wanted it.
B．The studio powers didn't like his agent.
C．He wasn't famous enough.
D．The director recommended someone else.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When the studio didn't want me for the film — it wanted somebody as well known as Paul — he stood up for me.”可知，电影公司起初不愿意给作者角色的原因是想找一个与Paul一样著名的人物。故可知作者当时不够有名。故选C项。
25．Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?
A．They were of the same age.
B．They worked in the same theater.
C．They were both good actors.
D．They had similar characteristics.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“We were respectful of craft (技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors”可知，作者与Paul之所以拥有持久的友谊是因为他们有相似的性格特征。故D项符合题意。
26．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Their belief.
B．Their care for children.
C．Their success.
D．Their support for each other.
解析：选A 代词指代题。根据第三段中的“We shared the belief that if you're fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back”可知，下文的内容是对the belief的解释，that引导同位语从句，解释说明the belief的具体内容。下文提到了我们并不经常见面，但是分享这个信念把我们带到了一起。故选A项。
27．What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A．To show his love of films.
B．To remember a friend.
C．To introduce a new movie.
D．To share his acting experience.
解析：选B 写作目的题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段中的“I first met Paul Newman in 1968”以及最后一段中的“I last saw him a few months ago.”可知，该篇文章的写作目的是回忆一位朋友，所以选B项。
学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
写作目的技法(3)——由主旨与体裁解题
写作目的与文章主旨不同，但两者密切相关，是文章主旨的一种变体。文章主旨题是文章的中心思想，而写作目的则阐述文章为何表达这个中心思想，也即作者为何写这篇文章。作者的写作目的必须通过归纳中心思想才能找到。(如上文第27题，根据文章体裁及首尾段就可得出答案。)要做好写作目的题，考生必须先弄清楚文章的体裁，因为不同的文体写作目的是不同的。
体裁
写作目的
广告
推销某种产品或某种服务，或是通过影片、电视节目、旅游景点等的介绍以吸引更多的观众、读者或游客等
说明文
向人们展示某物的用途或制作过程
研究报告
向人们展示某种研究结果
议论文
论述一个道理或表达一个观点
记叙文
向人们分享经历、叙述一件事情或表达感情等
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·合肥质检)
Top Hotels in Sydney
ShangriLa Hotel, Sydney
Location: The hotel is located in The Rocks district, a charming historic area in the north of the Sydney central business district and northwest of Circular Quay. It's only a 9minute walk to the Sydney Opera House and the Sydney Harbour Bridge.
Hotel Features(特色): The hotel has several meeting rooms. It has two bars, two restaurants, a peaceful indoor pool, and a modern fitness center. It also offers free laundry and babysitting service.
Room Facilities: The 565 rooms are among the most spacious (宽敞的) in the city. Free WiFi is provided.
Rydges Sydney Airport Hotel
Location: Situated in Mascot, this hotel is 4.6 km from Marrickville Metro and about 10 km away from the University of Sydney and Marrickville Market.
Hotel Features: This smokefree hotel has a restaurant, a 24hour health club and a coffee shop. It also has a 24hour business center, which provides busy travellers with an “office away from the office”．
Room Facilities: All 318 rooms offer free WiFi and free wired Internet.
The Tank Stream
Location: Located in Sydney central business district, this hotel is within a 10minute walk of Pitt Street Mall. It's not far from Sydney Opera House and Sydney Harbour Bridge, about 20 minutes' walk.
Hotel Features: A restaurant, a gym and a coffee shop are available at this hotel. It also has a parking lot (fees required)．
Room Facilities: All 280 soundproof rooms have free WiFi and coffee makers.
QT Sydney
Location: Located in Sydney central business district, this hotel is about a 15minute walk to Sydney Opera House.
Hotel Features: 3 restaurants and a health club are available at this smokefree hotel. It has car parking facilities (charges apply)．
Room Facilities: All 200 soundproof rooms have free WiFi. For a bit of entertainment, flatscreen TVs come with digital channels.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了悉尼的四家顶级宾馆的情况，包括地点、特色、房间设施等。
1．Which hotel is nearest to the Sydney Opera House?
A．QT Sydney.
B．ShangriLa Hotel, Sydney.
C．The Tank Stream.
D．Rydges Sydney Airport Hotel.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据ShangriLa Hotel, Sydney部分中Location的最后一句“It's only a 9minute walk to the Sydney Opera House”可知，ShangriLa Hotel, Sydney离悉尼歌剧院仅有9分钟的步行路程；根据The Tank Stream部分中Location的最后一句“It's not far from Sydney Opera House and Sydney Harbour Bridge, about 20 minutes' walk”可知，从The Tank Stream宾馆要步行20分钟才能到悉尼歌剧院；根据QT Sydney部分中Location的“this hotel is about a 15minute walk to Sydney Opera House”可知，从QT Sydney宾馆要步行15分钟才能到悉尼歌剧院；本文没有介绍Rydges Sydney Airport Hotel到悉尼歌剧院的距离。据此可知，ShangriLa Hotel, Sydney离悉尼歌剧院最近，故B项正确。
2．What is special about Rydges Sydney Airport Hotel?
A．It offers office service.
B．It has a coffee maker in each room.
C．It provides laundry service.
D．It has the best restaurant in Sydney.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据Rydges Sydney Airport Hotel部分中宾馆特色介绍中的“It also has a 24hour business center, which provides busy travellers with an ‘office away from the office’”可知，Rydges Sydney Airport Hotel的特色是为旅客提供办公服务，故A项正确。
3．What can we learn about the hotels mentioned in the text?
A．They have smoke areas.
B．They have sporting facilities.
C．They have free parking lots.
D．They charge the Internet users.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据ShangriLa Hotel, Sydney部分中的“a modern fitness center”、Rydges Sydney Airport Hotel 部分中的“a 24hour health club”、The Tank Stream部分中的“a gym”和QT Sydney部分中的“a health club”可知，这四个宾馆都有体育运动设施，故B项正确。
B
(2019·郑州质检)A day in the life of 18yearold David Lanster is full of typical teenage stuff: school, baseball practice and homework.And then he starts cooking.“Some nights I'm up until 1：00 a．m.making pies, or even later if we're cooking beef，” said the student at Ransom Everglades High School in Florida, US.
For the past year, Lanster and Kelly Moran, his classmate, have been hosting fancy dinner parties at Lanster's parents' home. Their meals have 17 courses and are all made by themselves. Their guests used to give them gifts to thank them until the pair decided to do something nice for charity (慈善事业)．“We got some really great Miami Heat tickets, a nice watch, and many kitchen gadgets (小器具)，” Lanster said.“But we wanted to make this something positive for people other than us.”
Lanster and Moran focus on Common Threads, a charity that aims to teach kids in poor communities to cook and make healthy eating choices.The young cooks ask their guests to give however much they want as payment for their meals.It all goes to Common Threads because Lanster's parents cover their food costs.After their last 12person event, Lanster and Moran gave ＄1,600 to the charity.
Now, they're taking their show out of the kitchen and on the road.They have started to organize private dinner parties with a similar model: the host pays for the ingredients, and the guests make a donation to a charity of their choice.
Without formal training, Lanster said he had been interested in cooking since he helped his mom in the kitchen when he was very young.He learned how to cook by reading cookbooks and watching TV programs.Outside the kitchen, the two are busy preparing their college applications. Neither of them is sure what they will do in the future, but they've promised their parents that they will leave professional cooking alone until they finish school.
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了Lanster和Kelly Moran组织慈善捐赠的事迹。
4．How is Lanster's life different from other teenagers' lives?
A．He plans to become a professional chef.
B．He plays baseball every day after school.
C．He goes to a cooking school in his spare time.
D．He holds dinner parties after a normal school day.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A day ...and homework.And then he starts cooking”及第二段中的“For the past year, Lanster and Kelly Moran, his classmate, have been hosting fancy dinner parties at Lanster's parents' home”可知，Lanster除了上学、练习棒球和做作业之外，他在正常的上学日之外还举办晚餐聚会。
5．What will Lanster and Moran usually do after a private dinner party?
A．Receive thankyou cards from the guests.
B．Visit the poor children at Common Threads.
C．Ask the guests to donate money to the charity.
D．Cover the food costs with the money collected.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The young cooks ask their guests to give however much they want as payment for their meals.It all goes to Common Threads ...gave ＄1,600 to the charity”可知，Lanster和Kelly Moran要求客人为饭菜随意付些钱，他们把这些钱捐给慈善机构。
6．Which of the following words can best describe Lanster and Moran?
A．Ambitious. B．Generous.
C．Creative. D．Optimistic.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据文章的描述可知，Lanster和Kelly Moran做饭并请人们吃饭，把人们留下的饭钱捐赠给慈善组织，所以他们是慷慨的。
C
My first impression of Miss Vicki was a highly authoritative (权威的) person towering over me. She spoke in a loud voice and the earth shook whenever she marched. That was in the first year of high school. She was a knowledgeable literature teacher then. However, during my first year in school, she struck terror into my heart (使我胆战心惊). And everyone else's of course. Just the mention of her name made the most unruly classes silent.
Nevertheless, the two years of junior high passed by rather quickly. Soon, I went to senior high class. I had worked hard and gotten the subject combination that I wished for. Together with a group of old friends, I soon settled down in class comfortably.
To everyone's surprise, she was fortunate enough to be my teacher that year. I was shocked when I heard the news. This time round, however, I decided not to hide in terror whenever she was near. I decided to face the fact that we were going to meet each other for the next 365 days. Instead of trying too hard to lick_her_boots,_I tried my best to be my natural self in front of her.
Still, I could not shake off the icecold impression that she put in my heart. True, her jokes sometimes sent me into fits of laughter, yet at other times these jokes simply fell flat the moment she told them. My lovely class, however, was always ready to laugh at the right time of her amusing stories. After all, we would not want to run the risk of provoking (激怒) her.
Unluckily, life was not to remain boring. One day we received news that Miss Vicki was to leave Singapore for the Philippines where she would take part in a voluntary teaching program for the poor. We did not know what to say actually. All of us cried at the airport.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要介绍了中学时期的一位老师——Miss Vicki。她学识渊博，但不擅幽默，让人敬而远之。但是她去支教这件事却改变了学生们对她的印象。
7．During the first year in school, the author thought Miss Vicki was ________.
A．proud but patient
B．beautiful but strict
C．scholarly but serious
D．humorous but singleminded
解析：选C 细节理解题。由第一段中的“She was a knowledgeable literature teacher then.”和“during my first year in school, she struck terror into my heart ...made the most unruly classes silent”可知，作者第一年对Miss Vicki的印象是她是一名博学但严格的老师。
8．What does the underlined phrase “lick her boots” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Win her favor. B．Embarrass her.
C．Argue with her. D．Follow her closely.
解析：选A 词义猜测题。由画线部分前的“I decided not to hide in terror whenever she was near”以及画线部分后的“I tried my best to be my natural self in front of her”可推知，“我”不想再“取悦(lick her boots)”Miss Vicki，而是通过做自己来与她相处。
9．What can we learn from Paragraph 4?
A．Miss Vicki was a good joke teller.
B．Miss Vicki's jokes were always boring.
C．Students liked Miss Vicki's class very much.
D．Students pretended to laugh to please Miss Vicki.
解析：选D 细节理解题。由第四段可知，Miss Vicki讲的笑话并不那么有趣，但是学生们为了不激怒她，总是假装发笑。
10．What can we infer about Miss Vicki from the last paragraph?
A．She was dismissed from the school.
B．She was not accepted by the students.
C．She was unwilling to leave her students.
D．She had a strong sense of social responsibility.
解析：选D 推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Miss Vicki was to leave Singapore for the Philippines where she would take part in a voluntary teaching program for the poor”可推知，Miss Vicki是一名有着强烈社会责任感的老师。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2019·合肥质检)Art is for everyone and it exists everywhere. When it comes to appreciating an art painting, there is no right or wrong way.__1__
●Know the artist. To know the artist is the first step towards appreciating any art painting. __2__ Once you get familiar with the paintings from a particular artist, you will start relating to their unique style.
●__3__ This is really tough. There are different styles and types of art mediums, realism, surrealism, and impressionism, to name but a few. So for beginners, it's advisable to keep things simple. Try to understand if the art you see is a watercolour, oil painting or acrylic (丙烯画) or sketch (速写) on paper. You also need to figure out the styles of the work — figurative (形象的) or abstract.
●Try and find a meaning. To read between lines and colors and understand what the artist means can be very difficult. __4__ So here's a simple guide. Figurative paintings are easy because they are an honest description of emotions on the canvas (油画布). Still, it doesn't mean your understanding is the same at the artist's. Abstracts attempt to create magic with shapes, lines and colors and their meaning is different for everyone who sees them.
●Search for Emotions. Not every work of art will catch your eyes or emotions at first sight. __5__ Explore the art work with your eyes.
Once you are aware of these things, you will be able to break the ice of art.
A．Discover your taste and styles.
B．Know the type of art and medium used.
C．Some of these art works will take time to reach you.
D．You just might find that art changes the way you see the world.
E．Learning something about the artist adds to the appreciation of art.
F．A simple art painting might be understood otherwise for different people.
G．The following ideas may help you join in the conversation between you and the artist.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了更好地和艺术家交流的方法和建议。
1．解析：选G 根据空处位置可知，空处起承上启下的作用；根据下文各段的主题句可知，下文叙述了跟艺术家交流的方式和建议；结合文章最后一句“Once you are aware of these things, you will be able to break the ice of art”可以判断，该处说明下述方法将有助于读者和艺术家交流，故G项符合语境。
2．解析：选E 根据该段主题句“Know the artist”可知，该段主要陈述要“了解艺术家”；结合空处前一句可知，了解艺术家是欣赏任何艺术作品的第一步；据此可以判断，空处应指了解艺术家对欣赏作品的作用，故E项符合语境。
3．解析：选B 根据该空位置可知，该句为本段的主题句；由空后的“This is really tough. There are different styles and types of art mediums, realism, surrealism, and impressionism, to name but a few”可知，艺术形式有不同的风格和类型，现实主义和超现实主义，还有印象派等；据此可知，该段主要论述要了解艺术的种类和所使用的艺术形式，故B项符合语境。
4．解析：选F 根据空前一句可知，读懂线条和颜色，理解艺术家的意思是非常困难的。F项指出“不同的人对一幅简单的画有不同的理解”，与上文衔接紧密且与下文逻辑一致，故选F。
5．解析：选C 根据空前一句可知，并非每件艺术作品刚开始就能吸引你的眼球并打动你；据此可以判断，有些艺术作品需要花时间才能领会其中的意义，故C项符合语境。
Unit 13 People
一、课前基础自查
(一)分类记单词——省时高效
Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)
1．selfassessment n． 自我评估
2．lawyer n. 律师
3．senior adj. 高级的
4．physicist n. 物理学家
5．uniform n. 制服
6．chain n. 链条；一连串的事物
7．athletic adj. 喜爱运动的
8．harvest n. 收获
9．airline n. 航空公司；航空线
10．assistant n. 助手，助理
11．academic adj. 学术的
12．clerk n. 职员
13．scholar n. 学者
14．block n. 大厦；街区
15．satellite n. 卫星；人造卫星
16．harvest n. 收获
17．pray vt.&vi. 祈祷，祷告
Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)
1．weakness n． 弱点，缺陷
2．accuse vt. 控告，谴责
3．possibility n. 可能性
4．entirely adv. 完全地
5．desire n. 渴望，欲望
6．account n. (银行)账户
7．deserve vt. 应得，值得
8．grateful adj. 感谢的，感激的
9．previous_ adj. 以前的，过去的
10．gain vt. 获得；增加
11．positive adj. 积极的
12．upset adj. 不安的，不快的
13．glare vi. 怒视，瞪
14．anxiety n. 忧虑，担心
15．forever adv. 永远
16．guilty adj. 不安的；有罪的
17．fault n. 错误；缺点
Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)
1．strength n．长处，优势→strengthen v．增强→strong adj.强壮的
2．concentrate vi.集中(思想、注意力等)→concentration n．专心，专注
3．associate vt.联想，联系→association n．联想；协会
4．expression n．表情；词语；感情→express vt.表达，表示 n．快递
5．accurately adv.精确地，准确地→accurate adj.精确的，准确的→accuracy n．精确
6．description n．描述，形容→describe v．描写，描述→describer n．描写者
7．predict vt.预言，预测→prediction n．预测，预告→predictor n．预言家
8．independent adj.独立的→independence n．独立→depend vi.依赖，依靠
9．relief n．减轻，宽慰→relieve v．使安慰；缓解
10．judge vt.评判 n．法官→judgement n．判断，判断力
11．devotion n．奉献→devote vt.献身于，专心致志于→devoted adj.献身的，忠诚的
[语境活用]
1．We should concentrate our energy on the game for lack of concentration may cause us to lose it.(concentrate)
2．Some scientists associate smoking with cancer, because smoking has a close association with lung cancer.(associate)
3．This girl described what she had seen and heard, giving a vivid description of the event as if she had attended it herself. So she was a good describer.(describe)
4．The judge said, “Judging from the man's behavior, our judgement is practical.”(judge)
5．Our country is an independent country so we must depend on ourselves; independence and liberty is our state principle forever.(depend)
6．My brother strengthens himself by taking outdoor exercise every day; now he is so strong that I dare not measure strength against him.(strength)
7．To predict the weather_accurately and give us more_accurate_information, the observers try their best to guarantee the accuracy of their observation.(accurate)
(二)练中记短语——记牢用活
写准记牢
语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)
1.come_up_with 提出，想出
2．concentrate_on 集中于；专注于
3．talk_sb.into_doing_sth._ 说服某人做某事
4．draw_up 起草
5．end_up_ 结果为……；以……结束
6．on_the_other_hand 另一方面
7．in_terms_of 就某事来说；从某个角度上看
8．be_willing_to_do_sth. 愿意做某事
9．react_to 对……作出反应
10．deal_with 处理，对付
11．glare_at 怒视
12．can't_help_doing_sth. 禁不住做某事
13．to_be_honest 说实话
14．be_devoted_to 奉献；致力于
15．compared_to 和……比较起来
16．pick_up 捡起；接(人)；(无意
间)学会；好转
17．accuse_sb.of_sth. 控告某人做某事
1.Keeping calm is the most important thing when you deal_with an emergency.
2．To_be_honest,_I don't like chatting with her at all.
3．The poor woman just stood there glaring_at the pickpocket.
4．How did you come_up_with the good idea that we could escape being punished?
5．You will one day end_up in prison if you continue to steal.
6．How do you react_to this modern artist's paintings?
7．In_terms_of working ability, you are no worse than the others. It is just you don't put your heart into your work.
8．Seeing these photos, I can't_help thinking of my happy childhood.
9．With so much noise outside, I can't concentrate_on my work which must be finished at 5 o'clock this afternoon.
10．If you want to make rapid progress, you should draw_up your own study plan and put it into practice.
(三)仿写明句式——以用为本
教材原句
句式解读
句式仿写
1.It is generally believed that people with high EQs are open to new ideas and have positive attitudes towards life.
人们普遍认为高情商的人善于接受新观念，对待生活持积极态度。
it作形式主语。
(2017·天津高考书面表达)我真诚地希望你能抽出一些时间再次来参观天津，自从你离开之后它已经发生了巨大的变化。
It's_my_sincere_hope_that you can spare some time for a visit to Tianjin again, which has changed greatly since you left.
2.I really dislike it when he eats garlic for lunch.
我真的不喜欢他午饭吃大蒜。
it作形式宾语。
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)如果你已学会了用筷子，那么主人会很喜欢。
The host will like_it_if_you have learned to use chopsticks.
3.Perhaps the postcode was wrong, and that's why the letter never arrived.
可能邮政编码错了，那就是信一直未收到的原因。
that's why ...“那就是……的原因”，why引导表语从句。
(2017·北京高考书面表达)那就是我认为长江之旅是较好选择的原因。
That's_why I think the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice.
4.I was getting more and more annoyed and of course, the more upset I got, the less I was able to concentrate.
我变得越来越烦躁，自然越烦躁越不能集中精力。
the＋比较级 ..., the＋比较级 ...“越……，就越……”。
他们担心你的越少，你越获得更多的独立。
The_less they worry about you, the_more independence you'll gain.
二、课堂重点深化
1．concentrate vi.集中(思想、注意力等)
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①We must concentrate our energy on treating (treat) addiction first.
②What's more, I find out that I still have some bad learning habits as well. I can only concentrate on reading for a short time, and I will conquer the problem by spending more efforts on concentration (concentrate) practice.
③He made a concentrated (concentrate) effort to finish the work on time.
一句多译
他将注意力全部集中在技术问题上。
④He_concentrated_his_attention_on_the_question_of_technology. (concentrate)
⑤He_fixed/focused_his_attention_on_the_question_of_technology. (fix/focus)
⑥He_put_his_heart_into_the_question_of_technology.(put one's heart into)
[系统归纳]
(1)concentrate on (doing) sth. 聚精会神于(做)某事
concentrate one's attention/energy ... on/upon (doing) ...
集中某人的注意力/精力……于(做)……
(2)concentration n. 专心，集中
(3)concentrated adj. 集中的，全神贯注的
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑦This year the company has concentrated to improving its efficiency.to→on
佳句时时写
⑧(2018·浙江高考书面表达)如果一名志愿者不能集中精力，她就无法胜任这份工作。
If_a_volunteer_is_unable_to_concentrate_her_energy,_she_will_be_unable_to_be_fit_for_the_position.
[联想发散] 表示“专注于；专心于”的短语还有：
①fix on ②focus on
③put one's heart into ④be buried in
⑤abandon oneself to ⑥be lost in
⑦be devoted to ⑧be absorbed in
2．associate vt.联想，联系
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①There has always been a close association (associate) between the two schools.
②Mother warned the boys not to associate with bad companions.
③The exhibition was organized by the school in association with local artists.
④In the children's minds summer is associated (associate) with picnics.
一句多译
有很多严重的健康问题与吸烟有关。
⑤There are many serious health problems which_are_associated_with_smoking.(使用定语从句)
⑥There are many serious health problems associated_with_smoking.(使用分词作定语)
⑦There are many serious health problems in_association_with_smoking.(使用介词短语作定语)
[系统归纳]
(1)associate ...with ... 使……与……联系起来
associate with sb. 与某人交往/共事
be associated with 与……有关
(2)association n. 联合；联想；交往；协会；社团
in association with 与……联合；与……有关联
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑧If you associate on positivethinking people, you are definitely going to achieve success. on→with
佳句时时写
⑨(2018·天津高考书面表达)这是将你的才能与实践联系起来的一次好机会。
It's_a_good_opportunity_to_associate_your_talent_with_the_practice.
[联想发散] “与……有关”的其他表达还有：
①be related to ②have something to do with
③be in connection with ④be connected with
3．deserve vt.应得，值得
[自主体验]
完成句子
①With many wild animals gradually dying out, the present situation_deserves_attention.
随着许多野生动物逐渐灭绝，目前形势值得关注。
②They had some excellent players, so they certainly deserved_to_win that match.
他们有一些优秀的队员，所以他们理所当然地赢得了那场比赛。
句型转换
It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that deserve respect.
③It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that deserve respecting.
④It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that deserve to be respected.
[系统归纳]
deserve consideration/attention/respect 值得考虑/关注/尊敬
deserve to do sth. 应该做某事
deserve doing/to be done ……值得做
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑤He deserved be locked up forever for what he had done.deserved后加to
佳句时时写
⑥(2013·广东高考书面表达)不管是多么平凡的工作，它在社会中都起着一定的作用，因此值得我们应有的尊敬。
No_matter_how_ordinary_a_job_is,_it_plays_a_part_in_society_and_therefore_deserves_our_due_respect.
[名师指津] deserve不用于进行时态，且deserve doing相当于deserve to be done，此时动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，类似的单词还有need, want, require等。
4．accuse vt.控告，指控，谴责
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Everyone here accused him of breaking the window.
②The accused (accuse) was accused as a murderer, but the judge found him innocent.
③Man often accuses nature for his own misfortune.
[系统归纳]
(1)accuse sb.of (doing) sth. 指责/控告某人(做)某事
accuse sb.for sth. 为某事指责某人
accuse sb.as ... 控告/指责某人为……
(2)the accused 被告
[重点强化]
易错对对碰(charge/accuse)
④The police charged him with breaking the law.
⑤His neighbor accused him of playing the musical instrument too loudly.
佳句时时写
⑥(2013·福建高考书面表达)父母常被指责为孩子安排好一切，并不遗余力地为孩子的成功铺好道路。
Parents_are_often_accused_of_arranging_everything_for_their_children_and_sparing_no_effort_to_pave_the_way_for_their_success.
[辨析比较]
动词
含义
搭配
accuse
当面指责或指挥
accuse sb. of ...
charge
因犯较大错误或
重大罪行而正式起诉
charge sb. with ...
5.desire n．渴望，欲望v.期望，渴望
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①She had a strong desire to_be (be) a dancer but failed to make the grade.
②He desired that I (should)_go (go) abroad for further education.
③Those foreigners desire to_visit (visit) the Great Wall.
④He has a strong desire for success though he has failed many times.
一句多译
我们班的每个学生都非常渴望上名牌大学。
⑤Each student in our class has_a_strong_desire_to_go_to_a_famous_university.(desire n．)
⑥Each student in our class has_a_strong__desire_for_a_famous_university.(desire n．)
⑦Each student in our class desires_to_go_to_a_famous_university.(desire v．)
[系统归纳]
(1)a desire for sth. 对……的渴望
a desire to do sth. 做某事的渴望/愿望
a desire that ... ……的愿望
(2)desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
desire that ... 希望
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑧Mr.Wang desired that we waited a moment.waited→wait_
佳句时时写
⑨(2013·重庆高考书面表达)我们渴望你能为我们的项目提供一些资金，也提供一些实用的建议。
It's_our_desire_that_you_should_provide_some_money_to_fund_our_program,_as_well_as_offer_us_some_practical_suggestions.
[名师指津] desire后无论是跟宾语从句还是跟同位语从句，都应该用虚拟语气，其形式是“(should＋)动词原形”。
6．relief n．宽慰，轻松；解脱；减轻，消除，缓和
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Seeing the baby fall asleep, the young mother smiled in_relief.
②What a relief! It almost took us five years to pay back all the money we borrowed from the bank.
③The new secretary will relieve us of the paperwork.
④Smiling and laughing has actually been shown to relieve (relief) tension and stress.
完成句子
⑤Much_to_his_relief,_his son found a job smoothly last month.
令他感到非常宽慰的是，他的儿子上个月顺利地找到了工作。
[系统归纳]
(1)to one's relief 令某人感到欣慰的是
What a relief! 可松口气了！
in relief 如释重负；松了口气
(2)relieve v. 解除，减轻，缓和
relieve sb.of 解除某人的(负担、痛苦等)
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑥When Tracy was told her son's illness could be cured, she left the hospital on relief. on→in
佳句时时写
⑦(2018·天津高考书面表达)你曾在机器人竞赛(robotics competition)中获得过一等奖，如果你能加入我们的团队我们会感到很安心。
You_have_won_the_first_prize_in_a_robotics_competition_and_it_will_be_a_relief_to_see_that_you_join_our_team.
7．account vt.认为是，视为n.解释，说明；账目；(银行)账户；描述，叙述
[自主体验]
写出下列句中 account的含义
①I opened a bank account after I made 1,000 yuan by doing a parttime job during the summer vacation. 账户
②Much to our surprise, the witness's account of the traffic accident differed from the official version in several aspects. 描述，叙述
③In English law a person is accounted innocent until he/she is proved guilty.认为是，视为
④The accounts show that the business is beginning to improve. 账目
单句语法填空
⑤How do you account for making so many mistakes in your homework?
⑥We delayed our departure on account of the bad weather.
完成句子
⑦Taking_his_age_into_account,_we shouldn't be so strict with him.
考虑到他的年龄，我们不应该对他如此严格。
⑧On_no_account_can_you_give_up whatever happens.
不管发生什么你决不能放弃。
[系统归纳]
(1)account for 说明(原因等)；作出解释；占……比例
(2)on account of 由于，因为
on no account 决不(放在句首时，句子要倒装)
take ...into account＝take account of＝take ...into consideration 考虑到……
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑨As far as I know, Peter's careless driving accounted in the terrible accident. in→for
佳句时时写
⑩(2015·湖南高考书面表达)在我的新发明中我必须考虑一些特定的因素。
There_are_some_certain_factors_I_must_take_into_account_on_my_new_invention._
8．judge n．裁判，法官vt.评判；判断；审判，判决
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①He had entirely lost faith in his own judgement (judge) because of that fault.
②Judging (judge) from the book I have read, I think he is a very promising writer.
③Wearing proper clothes is important too, for locals will judge you by/from what you wear.
完成句子
④As_far_as_I_can_judge,_he can realize his dream of going to university.
依我看来，他能实现上大学的梦想。
⑤Judging_by/from_the_expression_on_her_face,_she must have news of great excitement to tell us.
从她脸上的神情看，她一定有令人兴奋的消息要告诉我们。
[系统归纳]
(1)judge ...from/by ... 从……来判断
as far as I can judge 据我判断；我认为
(2)judging by/from 从……上看；根据……判断
(3)judgement n. 判断力；评价
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑥Judged from what he said, he must be an honest man.Judged→Judging
佳句时时写
⑦(2018·江苏高考书面表达)很明显，盲目听从别人的意见会影响我们自己的判断。
Apparently,_blindly_following_others'_advice_will_affect_our_own_judgement.
[名师指津] judging from/by用在句首时，为一个独立成分，不受句子主语和时态影响，只用现在分词作状语而不采用过去分词的形式。
9．devote vt.献身于，专心致志于
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①He has devoted most of his time and energy to finding (find) a cure for the disease.
②Li Lei is my devoted (devote) friend and he has devoted himself to improving (improve) the education of the local people.
③From my first job at the restaurant, I learned teamwork and devotion (devote)．
句式升级
The young lady is devoted to teaching the deaf children and has little time to care for her own daughter.
④Devoting_herself_to_teaching_the_deaf_children,_the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.(现在分词作状语)
⑤Devoted_to_teaching_the_deaf_children,_the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter.(过去分词作状语)
[系统归纳]
(1)devote oneself to (doing) sth. 献身于/致力于(做)某事
devote one's life/time/money/energy to (doing) sth.
把某人的一生/时间/金钱/精力奉献于(做)某事
(2)devoted adj. 忠实的；深爱的
be devoted to (doing) sth. 专心于/奉献于(做)某事
(3)devotion n. 关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑥Devoting to his research, he didn't care what was happening around him. Devoting→Devoted或Devoting后加himself
佳句时时写
⑦(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我经常在空闲的时候和我的同学们在学校体育馆打羽毛球。
I_often_devote_my_free_time_to_playing_badminton_with_my_classmates_in_the_school_stadium.
[联想发散] devote (oneself) to中的to是介词，其后常接名词、代词或动名词作宾语，类似的短语还有：
①look forward to (doing) sth. 盼望(做)某事
②be opposed/object to (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事
③get down to (doing) sth. 开始着手(做)某事
④pay attention to (doing) sth. 注意(做)某事
⑤lead to (doing) sth. 导致(做)某事
⑥be/get used/accustomed to (doing) sth. 习惯于(做)某事
⑦adapt/adjust (oneself) to (doing) sth. 适应(做)某事
⑧be addicted to (doing) sth. 对(做)某事上瘾
1．talk sb. into doing sth.说服某人做某事
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①Wang Lin talked his parents into sending (send) him to the famous middle school.
②I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm goes off.
③Talking of literature, do you have any interest in Lu Xun's works?
④I can't talk her_out of giving up her dream of being a physician.
一句多译
我妻子说服了我在房价上涨之前买一套新房子。
⑤My wife talk/persuaded/argued_me_into_buying_a_new_house before house prices went up. (talk/persuade/argue)
⑥My wife persuaded_me_to_buy_a_new_house_before house prices went up. (persuade)
[系统归纳]
(1)talk sb. into doing sth.
＝persuade/argue sb. into doing sth.
＝persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事
talk sb. out of doing sth.
＝persuade/argue sb. out of doing sth.
＝persuade sb. not to do sth. 说服某人不做某事
(2)talk of 谈到，说到
talk about 谈论，议论
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑦To our delight, I succeeded in talking my father in giving up smoking.第二个in→into
佳句时时写
⑧(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)谈到餐桌礼仪，在用餐过程中，说话声音别太大，要让人听起来感到很舒服。
Talking_of_table_manners,_keep_your_voice_low_and_pleasant_during_the_meal._
2．in terms of就……而言；在……方面；从某个角度上看
[自主体验]
完成句子
①I feel sure that in_terms_of_ability_and_experience,_you are absolutely suited to the position.
我确信从能力和经验的角度来说，你绝对适合这个职位。
②In_the_long_term,_it is necessary to be_on_good_terms_with people around us, so we should learn to come_to_terms_with others.
从长远来看，与我们周围的人处好关系很重要，所以我们要学会迁就别人。
[系统归纳]
be on good/bad/friendly terms with sb.
与某人关系好/不好/友好
come to terms with ... 对……让步，迁就……，接受(不愉快的事)；适应……
in the long/short term 就长期/短期而言
[重点强化]
易错处处防
③What they have done is good for the environment in the long terms. terms→term
佳句时时写
④(2016·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)请你帮我找出文字和格式方面的错误好吗？
Would_you_mind_finding_out_the_mistakes_in_terms_of_words_and_format?
[名师指津] 在短语in the long/short term中，term用单数形式。
3．can't help doing sth.禁不住要做某事
[自主体验]
单句语法填空
①She can't help (to)_clean (clean) the house because she's busy making a cake.
②All the students couldn't help laughing (laugh) when they heard the joke.
③When the streets are full of melting snow, you can't help but get (get) your shoes wet.
一句多译
最后一班地铁离开了，我们不得不步行回家。
④The_last_subway_left,_and_we_could_do_nothing_but_walk_home. (can do nothing but do sth.)
⑤The_last_subway_left,_and_we_couldn't_help_but_walk_home. (can't help but do sth.)
⑥The_last_subway_left,_and_we_had_no_choice_but_to_walk_home. (have no choice but to do sth.)
[系统归纳]
can't help (to) do sth. 不能帮忙做某事
can't help but do sth.
＝can do nothing but do sth.
＝have no choice but to do sth. 不得不做某事
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑦Faced with so much trouble, I can't help but to turn to my parents for help. 去掉第一个to
佳句时时写
⑧(2018·江苏高考书面表达)每次购买我想要的东西时，我都禁不住参考消费排名。
Every_time_I_purchase_what_I_want,_I_can't_help_consulting_consumption_ratings.
4．end up结果为……；以……结束
[自主体验]
选词填空(at an end/in the end/at the end of/put an end to)
①Honestly speaking, I do want to buy an iPad at_the_end_of the year.
②The meeting was at_an_end,_but the people still stayed in the meeting hall.
③He tried various jobs and in_the_end became a teacher.
④They didn't know how to_put_an_end_to the quarrel.
单句语法填空
⑤Smell the flowers before you go to sleep, and you may just end up with sweet dreams.
⑥If you don't know what you want, you might end up getting (get) something you don't want.
⑦His brother got rapid promotion and ended up as a manager in a company.
[系统归纳]
(1)end up doing sth. 以……结束/告终
end up with ... 以……而结束
end up as ... 结果成为(职位)
(2)come to an end
＝put/bring an end to
＝bring sth. to an end 结束
at the end of 在……尽头；在……末端
by the end of 到……结束时；到……时候为止(常与完成时态连用)
in the end 最后；终于
at an end 结束，终止
[重点强化]
易错处处防
⑧His life returned to normal after the war came to end.end前加an
佳句时时写
⑨(2016·天津高考书面表达)两周过去了，我们的交流活动结束了。
Two_weeks_went_by,_and_our_exchange_activities_came_to_an_end.
5．it作形式宾语
[教材原句] I really dislike_it_when he eats garlic for lunch.
[自主体验]
①I_would_appreciate_it_if you could take the trouble to do so much for me.
如果你能不怕麻烦为我做这么多，我将不胜感激。
②You can depend_on/upon_it_that such a boring thing will never happen again.
你放心好了，这种无聊的事绝不会再发生的。
③Some of us always take_it_for_granted that our parents or grandparents should take care of us.
我们中的一些人理所当然地认为父母或者祖父母应该照顾我们。
④He saw_to_it_that the work was finished on time.
他确保工作按时完成。
[归纳点拨]
(1)英语中，某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如like, enjoy, love, dislike, appreciate, prefer等接when/if引导的从句作宾语时，通常用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句放在it之后。
(2)类似用法短语还有see to it that ...“务必；确保”； depend/rely on it that ...“依赖/相信”； take it for granted that ...“认为……是理所当然的”等。
[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)(2018·全国卷Ⅰ写作佳句)Generally speaking, people hate it when people talk with their mouths full.
②(精彩收尾句)(2018·天津高考写作佳句)I would appreciate it if you could give us some advice on how to improve our robots.
6．that's why ...
[教材原句] Perhaps the postcode was wrong, and that's_why the letter never arrived.
[自主体验]
①He didn't pass the exam yesterday. That's_why he got angry with me.
昨天他没有通过考试，那就是他对我生气的原因。
②He was late for work this morning. That's_because he got caught in a traffic jam.
今天早上他上班迟到了，那是因为他遇上了交通堵塞。
③The_reason_why he didn't pass the driving test was_that_he was too careless.
他没有通过驾照考试的原因是他太粗心了。
[归纳点拨]
用法规则
(1)That's why ...意为“那就是……的原因”， why引导表语从句。
(2)That's because ...意为“那是因为……”，because引导表语从句。
(3)The reason why ... is/was that ... 意为“……的原因是……”，why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句。
注意事项
(1)在句型“That's why/because ...”中，why后强调结果，because后强调原因。
(2)在句型“The reason why ... is/was that ...”中，表语从句只能用that引导，不能用because。
[佳句背诵]
①(增分要点句)(2014·浙江高考满分作文)In addition to reading for knowledge, we read for fun and inspiration. That is why I recommend another category of books: literary books.
②(增分要点句)(2014·上海高考满分作文)The reason why I'd like to see a Career Planning section is that high schools in Shanghai seldom offer career guidance, which should be made indispensable to the curriculums.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．As far as I see, there is no possibility (可能性) that he will win the tennis match this time.
2．I sent a big bunch of flowers to the nurse as an expression (表达) of thanks for her taking good care of my grandpa in the nursing home.
3．Science and technology is developing rapidly and it's hard to predict (预测) what the world will look like in another 20 years.
4．I decided to apply my previous (以前的) experience to learning how to read and write.
5．To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their strengths (长处) and weaknesses (弱点)．
6．Don't blame him for the accident; it's not his fault (错误)．
7．It is our hope that the two countries will live in peace forever(永远)．
8．He feels quite guilty (有罪的) about being unable to take care of his sick father because of his busy work.
9．We still had a good harvest (收获) of wheat this year in spite of the heavy drought in spring.
10．Such a positive (积极的) attitude towards life can be helpful in lifting your spirits.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1．The boy talked his mother into buying him a home computer.
2．We have learned to associate packing with quality.
3．He had a strong desire to_carry (carry) out the discussion put forward at yesterday's meeting.
4．If you have enough evidence, you can accuse government officials of corruption.
5．I think the Bird's Nest deserves to_be_visited/visiting (visit) again.
6．Some students are good at concentrating on what the teachers teach in class.
7．Devoted (devote) to the study of science, she had little time to take care of her children.
8．The heavy rain may have accounted for the absence of so many students this morning.
9．When his daughter came home at last, he was in relief.
10．In terms of convenience, the museum has more advantages over the gallery.
Ⅲ.单句改错
1．Judged from the club's name, it is easy to guess that players can only join if they are fat.Judged→Judging
2．The teacher desired that all the homework was handed in before school was over.第一个was→be
3．As a typist, the most important aspect of the job is to be able to type quickly and accurate.accurate→accurately
4．The teens accuse their parents with misleading them.with→of
5．Neighbors devoted their spare time to help others rebuild.help→helping
6．The scientists are beating their brains out trying to come up a solution to the problem.up后加with
7．I can't help wonder what happened to that little girl.wonder→wondering
8．The judge looked up from his notes to glare to him.第二个to→at
9．Your suggestion sounds reasonable and practical. I think it deserves discussed at the next meeting.discussed→discussing
10．The house is ideal in term of size, but it's too expensive.term→terms
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．I_would_appreciate_it_if you could give me this opportunity to further education abroad.
如果你能给我这次在国外进一步学习的机会我将不胜感激。
2．To_our_relief,_the disease didn't burst out as expected.
令我们欣慰的是，这种疾病并没有像预计的那样突然发生。
3．On_no_account_should_you_leave the baby alone in the house.
你切不可将婴儿独自留在家中。
4．Playing computer games can give us some relaxation after school, but as students we must concentrate_on_our_studies.
放学后玩电脑游戏能使我们放松，但是作为学生，我们必须集中精力学习。
5．The_higher_you stand, the_farther_you will see.
你站得越高就看得越远。
6．I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That's_why I got wet all through.
我既没带雨衣也没带雨伞，那就是我全身湿透了的原因。
本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与自我”中的“个人情况及与人相处”子话题相对应
一、话题语素积累多一点
子话题——个人情况及与人相处
(一)浅易词汇温一温
①encouraging ②trust ③politely ④understand
⑤respect ⑥share ⑦understanding ⑧grateful
⑨reality ⑩fight ⑪argument ⑫introduce
⑬conflict ⑭mean ⑮outstanding ⑯communication
⑰talent ⑱creative ⑲confident ⑳support
welcome opinion suggestion helpful
(二)生疏词汇记一记
①relationship n． 关系 ②harmonious adj. 和谐的
③considerate adj. 体贴的 ④admirable adj. 值得赞赏的
⑤broadminded adj. 宽宏大量的 ⑥accompany vt. 陪同
⑦cooperate vi. 合作 ⑧enthusiastic adj. 热情的
⑨precious adj. 珍贵的 ⑩sincere adj. 真诚的
⑪tolerance n. 忍受 ⑫violence n. 暴力
⑬insult vt. 侮辱 ⑭behaviour n. 行为
⑮threat n. 威胁 ⑯personality n. 性格
⑰independent adj. 独立的 ⑱stubborn adj. 固执的
⑲diligent adj. 勤奋的 ⑳intelligence n. 智力
straightforward adj. 简单的；坦率的
unavoidable adj. 不可避免的
(三)常用词块忆一忆
①be based on 以……为基础
②be sure to 一定
③be ready to 准备好
④forgive sb.'s faults 原谅某人的错误
⑤sense of humor 幽默感
⑥believe in 相信，信任
⑦be patient with 对……有耐心
⑧be merciful to 对……是仁慈的
⑨be enthusiastic about 对……热情
⑩communicate with 与……交流
⑪be willing to do sth. 乐意做某事
⑫be concerned about 关心，挂念
⑬share ... with ... 与……分享……
⑭depend on 依靠
⑮have ...in common 有共同之处
⑯get on/along well with sb. 与某人相处融洽
⑰in harmony with 与……和谐相处
⑱break up 分手；解散；结束
⑲deal with 处理，对付
⑳have words with 与……发生口角
be responsible for 对……负责
have a talent/gift for 有……才能
(四)写作佳句背一背
①I didn't realize the importance of cooperating with others until I was chosen monitor of my class in my senior middle school.
②I was about to give up when my best friend encouraged me to go on.
③Not only does he study well but also he is always ready to help others.
④Now that you are a college student, you should learn to be independent of your parents' help.
二、话题书面表达亮一点
假定你是李华，你的笔友Tom给你发来电子邮件，询问怎样才能与同学和睦相处。请你根据要点提示给Tom回一封电子邮件，提出你的建议。
1．尊重别人；
2．宽宏大量；
3．原谅别人的过错。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．不要逐条翻译，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[写作4步走]
第一步：句写对——给词写句
get along well with, relationship, be based on, understanding, respect, be sure to, be ready to, welcome, broadminded, mean, opinion, behaviour, forgive sb.'s faults, suggestion, helpful
1．你问我该如何与其他同学和睦相处。
You_asked_me_how_you_should_get_along_well_with_other_students.
2．我们应当牢记：任何良好的关系都是建立在理解、信任和尊重的基础之上的。
We_should_remember_that_any_good_relationship_is_based_on_understanding,_trust_and_respect.
3．我们应该尊重别人、以诚待人。
We_should_respect_others,_and_treat_them_sincerely.
4．我们一定会获得他们的尊重。
We_are_sure_to_gain_their_respect.
5．无论是谁，只要乐于助人，总是会受欢迎的。
Whoever__is_ready_to_help_others_is_always_welcome._
6．我们应该胸怀宽广。
We_should_be_broadminded.
7．这意味着要尊重别人的观点和行为。
It_means_that_we_should_respect_others'_opinions_and_behaviours.
8．我们也应当学会原谅别人的过错。
We_should_also_learn_to_forgive_other_people's_faults.
第二步：量写够——语句扩充
9．在第1句中加入状语“在你上次的来信中”。
You_asked_me_how_you_should_get_along_well_with_other_students_in_your_last_letter.
10．在第4句后加入状语“作为回报”。
We_are_sure_to_gain_their_respect_in_return.
11．在第7句中加入定语“与我们不同的”修饰“观点和行为”。
It_means_that_we_should_respect_others'__opinions_and_behaviours_different_from_ours.
12．添加书信常用结尾语“希望我的建议对你有所帮助。”
I_hope_my_suggestions_will_be_helpful_to_you.
第三步：语写美——词句升格
13．用短语keep ... in mind升格第2句中的remember。
We_should_keep_it_in_mind_that_any_good_relationship_is_based_on_understanding,_trust_and_respect.
14．用“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句式合并第3句与第10句。
Respect_others_and_treat_them_sincerely,_and_we_are_sure_to_gain_their_respect_in_return.
15．用定语从句改写第5句。
One_person_who_is_ready_to_help_others_is_always_welcome.
16.用which引导的非限制性定语从句合并第6句与第11句。
We_should_be_broadminded,_which_means_that_we_should_respect_others'_opinions_and_behaviours_different_from_ours.
第四步：篇连顺——衔接成文
可加入过渡句“Here， I'd give you some suggestions.”并用衔接词firstly， secondly， thirdly等连句成文。
Dear_Tom，
You_asked_me_how_you_should_get_along_well_with_other_students_in_your_last_letter._Here,_I'd_give_you_some_suggestions.
Firstly,_we_should_keep_it_in_mind_that_any_good_relationship_is_based_on_understanding,_trust_and_respect._Respect_others_and_treat_them_sincerely,_and_we_are_sure_to_gain_their_respect_in_return._Secondly,_one_person_who_is_ready_to_help_others_is_always_welcome._Thirdly,_we_should_be_broadminded,_which_means_that_we_should_respect_others'_opinions_and_behaviours_different_from_ours._We_should_also_learn_to_forgive_other_people's_faults.
I_hope_my_suggestions_will_be_helpful_to_you.
Yours，
Li_Hua
Ⅰ.根据提示填空
Two friends have an ❶argument (argue) that breaks up their ❷friendship (友谊) forever, even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started. Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country. In fact, according to an official report on youth ❸violence (violent)，“In our country today, the greatest ❹threat (威胁) to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible ❺reality (real) of violence.”Given that this is the case, why aren't students taught to manage ❻conflict (冲突) the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?
First of all, students need to realize that conflict is ❼unavoidable (不可避免的). A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor ❽insult (侮辱). For example, a ❾fight (打架) could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence. The problem isn't in the sandwich, but in the way students deal_with (处理) the conflict.
Ⅱ.片段选词填空
encourage， polite， communication， adjust to， be willing to， relationship， depend on， trust， respect， sense of humor
Make sure you give your partner ❶respect. Now respect isn't just simply treating her or him ❷politely. There's a lot more to it. You have to learn to ❸adjust_to_their liking. Basically, learn to study your partners' moods, wants and needs. Don't just think about yourself; think about what your partner needs out of it as well.
Make sure you are ❹encouraging to your partner. Always ❺be_willing_to_help them and give them honesty and positivity at the same time. Make them feel you are someone they can really ❻depend_on_and build a future with. This is an important step in a ❼relationship. Your partner has to be able to count on you when needed.
Make sure you have a good ❽sense_of_humor with them. Laughter is the key to happiness. Laugh a lot with them, and joke with them. Laughter may seem silly, but it's the secret to a lot in life. It will keep the sparks alive. Laughter keeps the relationship strong and lasting.
Make sure the ❾communication is good. This goes along with trust. And always communicate how you feel, even if it's something that upsets you. Instead of screaming, talk to them.
一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空
1．(2018·天津高考)The possibility (possible) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
2．(2018·天津高考)I didn't mean to eat anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn't help trying (try) it.
3．(2016·江苏高考)He did not compromise easily, but was willing_to_accept (accept) any constructive advice for a worthy cause.
4．(2015·天津高考)Despite the previous (previously) rounds of talks, no agreement has been reached so far by the two sides.
5．(2014·浙江高考)No matter how carefully you plan your finances, no one can predict (prediction) when the unexpected will happen.
6．(2014·江西高考)Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence (independent). On the other hand, it could just put you in debt.
7．(2014·福建高考) It is widely acknowledged that students should be evaluated in terms of overall quality.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(选用relief, concentrate on, judge, come up with, desire, deal with填空)
1．(2015·福建高考)It wasn't until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became aware of her habit of finding fault. Very quickly, she learned to appreciate life rather than to __47__ everything so harshly (刻薄). She was able to transfer her new wisdom to other parts of her life as well.____________
2．(2014·福建高考)And I realized he had been doing what music teachers always stress: __53__ the music and pretend the others aren't there.____________
3．(2014·辽宁高考)I felt a little uneasy, but to my __42__， I had a good excuse: A business meeting had run over and I'd wasted no time getting to the dinner.____________
4．(2014·湖南高考)Whatever failures I suffer in my life, an ironed shirt tells me I am good at something. Besides, through ironing I've learned the method for solving even the most troublesome problems.“__47__ wrinkles one at a time，” as Mom might have said, “and before long everything will get ironed out.”____________
5．(2010·浙江高考)So I __31__ a plan and gathered forty people from my company to help. We gathered about 125 orphans (孤儿) at the Christmas party.For every child, we wrapped colorful packages filled with toys, clothes，and school supplies, each with a child's name.____________
6．(2009·辽宁高考)Suddenly, a car key dropped from an envelope taped behind the book.It had a tag (标签) with the dealer's name, the same dealer who had the sports car he had__53__.On the tag was the date of his graduation, and the words PAID IN FULL.____________
答案：1.judge 2.concentrate on 3.relief 4.deal with
5．came up with 6.desired
二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度
新高考下的命题新视角：个人生活在社会中，与人相处是必不可少的，和“个人情况及与人相处”相关的话题成为高考常考的热点内容之一。该话题常涉及个人介绍(如姓名、年龄、职业、性格、品质等)、名人事迹介绍(如影视明星、体坛巨星、领袖人物、科学家和历史名人)和良好人际关系等内容。高考在这方面命题有利于培养考生高尚的道德情操，能引导学生树立正确的人生观和价值观。
[话题感悟]
学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深
(加黑词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)
(2017·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B)I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn't want me for the film — it wanted somebody as well known as Paul — he stood up for me. I don't know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.
The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft (技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other — but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core (核心) of our relationship off the screen.
We shared the belief that if you're fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back — he with his Newman's Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn't see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.
I last saw him a few months ago. He'd been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn't talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didn't need a lot of words.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了与Paul的相识及与其建立友谊的原因，虽不常见面但是却因共同的信念而保持着友谊。
24．Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first?
A．Paul Newman wanted it.
B．The studio powers didn't like his agent.
C．He wasn't famous enough.
D．The director recommended someone else.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When the studio didn't want me for the film — it wanted somebody as well known as Paul — he stood up for me.”可知，电影公司起初不愿意给作者角色的原因是想找一个与Paul一样著名的人物。故可知作者当时不够有名。故选C项。
25．Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?
A．They were of the same age.
B．They worked in the same theater.
C．They were both good actors.
D．They had similar characteristics.
解析：选D 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“We were respectful of craft (技艺) and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors”可知，作者与Paul之所以拥有持久的友谊是因为他们有相似的性格特征。故D项符合题意。
26．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Their belief.
B．Their care for children.
C．Their success.
D．Their support for each other.
解析：选A 代词指代题。根据第三段中的“We shared the belief that if you're fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back”可知，下文的内容是对the belief的解释，that引导同位语从句，解释说明the belief的具体内容。下文提到了我们并不经常见面，但是分享这个信念把我们带到了一起。故选A项。
27．What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A．To show his love of films.
B．To remember a friend.
C．To introduce a new movie.
D．To share his acting experience.
解析：选B 写作目的题。根据全文内容，尤其是第一段中的“I first met Paul Newman in 1968”以及最后一段中的“I last saw him a few months ago.”可知，该篇文章的写作目的是回忆一位朋友，所以选B项。
学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透
写作目的技法(3)——由主旨与体裁解题
写作目的与文章主旨不同，但两者密切相关，是文章主旨的一种变体。文章主旨题是文章的中心思想，而写作目的则阐述文章为何表达这个中心思想，也即作者为何写这篇文章。作者的写作目的必须通过归纳中心思想才能找到。(如上文第27题，根据文章体裁及首尾段就可得出答案。)要做好写作目的题，考生必须先弄清楚文章的体裁，因为不同的文体写作目的是不同的。
体裁
写作目的
广告
推销某种产品或某种服务，或是通过影片、电视节目、旅游景点等的介绍以吸引更多的观众、读者或游客等
说明文
向人们展示某物的用途或制作过程
研究报告
向人们展示某种研究结果
议论文
论述一个道理或表达一个观点
记叙文
向人们分享经历、叙述一件事情或表达感情等
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2019·合肥质检)
Top Hotels in Sydney
ShangriLa Hotel, Sydney
Location: The hotel is located in The Rocks district, a charming historic area in the north of the Sydney central business district and northwest of Circular Quay. It's only a 9minute walk to the Sydney Opera House and the Sydney Harbour Bridge.
Hotel Features(特色): The hotel has several meeting rooms. It has two bars, two restaurants, a peaceful indoor pool, and a modern fitness center. It also offers free laundry and babysitting service.
Room Facilities: The 565 rooms are among the most spacious (宽敞的) in the city. Free WiFi is provided.
Rydges Sydney Airport Hotel
Location: Situated in Mascot, this hotel is 4.6 km from Marrickville Metro and about 10 km away from the University of Sydney and Marrickville Market.
Hotel Features: This smokefree hotel has a restaurant, a 24hour health club and a coffee shop. It also has a 24hour business center, which provides busy travellers with an “office away from the office”．
Room Facilities: All 318 rooms offer free WiFi and free wired Internet.
The Tank Stream
Location: Located in Sydney central business district, this hotel is within a 10minute walk of Pitt Street Mall. It's not far from Sydney Opera House and Sydney Harbour Bridge, about 20 minutes' walk.
Hotel Features: A restaurant, a gym and a coffee shop are available at this hotel. It also has a parking lot (fees required)．
Room Facilities: All 280 soundproof rooms have free WiFi and coffee makers.
QT Sydney
Location: Located in Sydney central business district, this hotel is about a 15minute walk to Sydney Opera House.
Hotel Features: 3 restaurants and a health club are available at this smokefree hotel. It has car parking facilities (charges apply)．
Room Facilities: All 200 soundproof rooms have free WiFi. For a bit of entertainment, flatscreen TVs come with digital channels.
语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了悉尼的四家顶级宾馆的情况，包括地点、特色、房间设施等。
1．Which hotel is nearest to the Sydney Opera House?
A．QT Sydney.
B．ShangriLa Hotel, Sydney.
C．The Tank Stream.
D．Rydges Sydney Airport Hotel.
解析：选B 细节理解题。根据ShangriLa Hotel, Sydney部分中Location的最后一句“It's only a 9minute walk to the Sydney Opera House”可知，ShangriLa Hotel, Sydney离悉尼歌剧院仅有9分钟的步行路程；根据The Tank Stream部分中Location的最后一句“It's not far from Sydney Opera House and Sydney Harbour Bridge, about 20 minutes' walk”可知，从The Tank Stream宾馆要步行20分钟才能到悉尼歌剧院；根据QT Sydney部分中Location的“this hotel is about a 15minute walk to Sydney Opera House”可知，从QT Sydney宾馆要步行15分钟才能到悉尼歌剧院；本文没有介绍Rydges Sydney Airport Hotel到悉尼歌剧院的距离。据此可知，ShangriLa Hotel, Sydney离悉尼歌剧院最近，故B项正确。
2．What is special about Rydges Sydney Airport Hotel?
A．It offers office service.
B．It has a coffee maker in each room.
C．It provides laundry service.
D．It has the best restaurant in Sydney.
解析：选A 细节理解题。根据Rydges Sydney Airport Hotel部分中宾馆特色介绍中的“It also has a 24hour business center, which provides busy travellers with an ‘office away from the office’”可知，Rydges Sydney Airport Hotel的特色是为旅客提供办公服务，故A项正确。
3．What can we learn about the hotels mentioned in the text?
A．They have smoke areas.
B．They have sporting facilities.
C．They have free parking lots.
D．They charge the Internet users.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据ShangriLa Hotel, Sydney部分中的“a modern fitness center”、Rydges Sydney Airport Hotel 部分中的“a 24hour health club”、The Tank Stream部分中的“a gym”和QT Sydney部分中的“a health club”可知，这四个宾馆都有体育运动设施，故B项正确。
B
(2019·郑州质检)A day in the life of 18yearold David Lanster is full of typical teenage stuff: school, baseball practice and homework.And then he starts cooking.“Some nights I'm up until 1：00 a．m.making pies, or even later if we're cooking beef，” said the student at Ransom Everglades High School in Florida, US.
For the past year, Lanster and Kelly Moran, his classmate, have been hosting fancy dinner parties at Lanster's parents' home. Their meals have 17 courses and are all made by themselves. Their guests used to give them gifts to thank them until the pair decided to do something nice for charity (慈善事业)．“We got some really great Miami Heat tickets, a nice watch, and many kitchen gadgets (小器具)，” Lanster said.“But we wanted to make this something positive for people other than us.”
Lanster and Moran focus on Common Threads, a charity that aims to teach kids in poor communities to cook and make healthy eating choices.The young cooks ask their guests to give however much they want as payment for their meals.It all goes to Common Threads because Lanster's parents cover their food costs.After their last 12person event, Lanster and Moran gave ＄1,600 to the charity.
Now, they're taking their show out of the kitchen and on the road.They have started to organize private dinner parties with a similar model: the host pays for the ingredients, and the guests make a donation to a charity of their choice.
Without formal training, Lanster said he had been interested in cooking since he helped his mom in the kitchen when he was very young.He learned how to cook by reading cookbooks and watching TV programs.Outside the kitchen, the two are busy preparing their college applications. Neither of them is sure what they will do in the future, but they've promised their parents that they will leave professional cooking alone until they finish school.
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了Lanster和Kelly Moran组织慈善捐赠的事迹。
4．How is Lanster's life different from other teenagers' lives?
A．He plans to become a professional chef.
B．He plays baseball every day after school.
C．He goes to a cooking school in his spare time.
D．He holds dinner parties after a normal school day.
解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A day ...and homework.And then he starts cooking”及第二段中的“For the past year, Lanster and Kelly Moran, his classmate, have been hosting fancy dinner parties at Lanster's parents' home”可知，Lanster除了上学、练习棒球和做作业之外，他在正常的上学日之外还举办晚餐聚会。
5．What will Lanster and Moran usually do after a private dinner party?
A．Receive thankyou cards from the guests.
B．Visit the poor children at Common Threads.
C．Ask the guests to donate money to the charity.
D．Cover the food costs with the money collected.
解析：选C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The young cooks ask their guests to give however much they want as payment for their meals.It all goes to Common Threads ...gave ＄1,600 to the charity”可知，Lanster和Kelly Moran要求客人为饭菜随意付些钱，他们把这些钱捐给慈善机构。
6．Which of the following words can best describe Lanster and Moran?
A．Ambitious. B．Generous.
C．Creative. D．Optimistic.
解析：选B 推理判断题。根据文章的描述可知，Lanster和Kelly Moran做饭并请人们吃饭，把人们留下的饭钱捐赠给慈善组织，所以他们是慷慨的。
C
My first impression of Miss Vicki was a highly authoritative (权威的) person towering over me. She spoke in a loud voice and the earth shook whenever she marched. That was in the first year of high school. She was a knowledgeable literature teacher then. However, during my first year in school, she struck terror into my heart (使我胆战心惊). And everyone else's of course. Just the mention of her name made the most unruly classes silent.
Nevertheless, the two years of junior high passed by rather quickly. Soon, I went to senior high class. I had worked hard and gotten the subject combination that I wished for. Together with a group of old friends, I soon settled down in class comfortably.
To everyone's surprise, she was fortunate enough to be my teacher that year. I was shocked when I heard the news. This time round, however, I decided not to hide in terror whenever she was near. I decided to face the fact that we were going to meet each other for the next 365 days. Instead of trying too hard to lick_her_boots,_I tried my best to be my natural self in front of her.
Still, I could not shake off the icecold impression that she put in my heart. True, her jokes sometimes sent me into fits of laughter, yet at other times these jokes simply fell flat the moment she told them. My lovely class, however, was always ready to laugh at the right time of her amusing stories. After all, we would not want to run the risk of provoking (激怒) her.
Unluckily, life was not to remain boring. One day we received news that Miss Vicki was to leave Singapore for the Philippines where she would take part in a voluntary teaching program for the poor. We did not know what to say actually. All of us cried at the airport.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者主要介绍了中学时期的一位老师——Miss Vicki。她学识渊博，但不擅幽默，让人敬而远之。但是她去支教这件事却改变了学生们对她的印象。
7．During the first year in school, the author thought Miss Vicki was ________.
A．proud but patient
B．beautiful but strict
C．scholarly but serious
D．humorous but singleminded
解析：选C 细节理解题。由第一段中的“She was a knowledgeable literature teacher then.”和“during my first year in school, she struck terror into my heart ...made the most unruly classes silent”可知，作者第一年对Miss Vicki的印象是她是一名博学但严格的老师。
8．What does the underlined phrase “lick her boots” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Win her favor. B．Embarrass her.
C．Argue with her. D．Follow her closely.
解析：选A 词义猜测题。由画线部分前的“I decided not to hide in terror whenever she was near”以及画线部分后的“I tried my best to be my natural self in front of her”可推知，“我”不想再“取悦(lick her boots)”Miss Vicki，而是通过做自己来与她相处。
9．What can we learn from Paragraph 4?
A．Miss Vicki was a good joke teller.
B．Miss Vicki's jokes were always boring.
C．Students liked Miss Vicki's class very much.
D．Students pretended to laugh to please Miss Vicki.
解析：选D 细节理解题。由第四段可知，Miss Vicki讲的笑话并不那么有趣，但是学生们为了不激怒她，总是假装发笑。
10．What can we infer about Miss Vicki from the last paragraph?
A．She was dismissed from the school.
B．She was not accepted by the students.
C．She was unwilling to leave her students.
D．She had a strong sense of social responsibility.
解析：选D 推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Miss Vicki was to leave Singapore for the Philippines where she would take part in a voluntary teaching program for the poor”可推知，Miss Vicki是一名有着强烈社会责任感的老师。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
(2019·合肥质检)Art is for everyone and it exists everywhere. When it comes to appreciating an art painting, there is no right or wrong way.__1__
●Know the artist. To know the artist is the first step towards appreciating any art painting. __2__ Once you get familiar with the paintings from a particular artist, you will start relating to their unique style.
●__3__ This is really tough. There are different styles and types of art mediums, realism, surrealism, and impressionism, to name but a few. So for beginners, it's advisable to keep things simple. Try to understand if the art you see is a watercolour, oil painting or acrylic (丙烯画) or sketch (速写) on paper. You also need to figure out the styles of the work — figurative (形象的) or abstract.
●Try and find a meaning. To read between lines and colors and understand what the artist means can be very difficult. __4__ So here's a simple guide. Figurative paintings are easy because they are an honest description of emotions on the canvas (油画布). Still, it doesn't mean your understanding is the same at the artist's. Abstracts attempt to create magic with shapes, lines and colors and their meaning is different for everyone who sees them.
●Search for Emotions. Not every work of art will catch your eyes or emotions at first sight. __5__ Explore the art work with your eyes.
Once you are aware of these things, you will be able to break the ice of art.
A．Discover your taste and styles.
B．Know the type of art and medium used.
C．Some of these art works will take time to reach you.
D．You just might find that art changes the way you see the world.
E．Learning something about the artist adds to the appreciation of art.
F．A simple art painting might be understood otherwise for different people.
G．The following ideas may help you join in the conversation between you and the artist.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了更好地和艺术家交流的方法和建议。
1．解析：选G 根据空处位置可知，空处起承上启下的作用；根据下文各段的主题句可知，下文叙述了跟艺术家交流的方式和建议；结合文章最后一句“Once you are aware of these things, you will be able to break the ice of art”可以判断，该处说明下述方法将有助于读者和艺术家交流，故G项符合语境。
2．解析：选E 根据该段主题句“Know the artist”可知，该段主要陈述要“了解艺术家”；结合空处前一句可知，了解艺术家是欣赏任何艺术作品的第一步；据此可以判断，空处应指了解艺术家对欣赏作品的作用，故E项符合语境。
3．解析：选B 根据该空位置可知，该句为本段的主题句；由空后的“This is really tough. There are different styles and types of art mediums, realism, surrealism, and impressionism, to name but a few”可知，艺术形式有不同的风格和类型，现实主义和超现实主义，还有印象派等；据此可知，该段主要论述要了解艺术的种类和所使用的艺术形式，故B项符合语境。
4．解析：选F 根据空前一句可知，读懂线条和颜色，理解艺术家的意思是非常困难的。F项指出“不同的人对一幅简单的画有不同的理解”，与上文衔接紧密且与下文逻辑一致，故选F。
5．解析：选C 根据空前一句可知，并非每件艺术作品刚开始就能吸引你的眼球并打动你；据此可以判断，有些艺术作品需要花时间才能领会其中的意义，故C项符合语境。
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