2021高三统考外研英语一轮（经典版）学案：Book3　Module2　DevelopingandDevelopedCountries

Book 3　Module 2　Developing and  Developed Countries1．A developing country is a country with a less developed industrial base while a developed country owns highly－developed industry.发展中国家是指工业基础不发达的国家，而一个发达国家则拥有高度发达的工业。2．It is impossible for developing countries to shoulder common responsibility for the problems caused_by developed countries.对发展中国家来说，为发达国家带来的问题承担共同的责任是不可能的。3．Developing countries are striving to reach levels of income, health, education and living standards enjoyed_by_people in advanced economies.发展中国家正在努力达到发达经济体人民享有的收入、健康、教育和生活水平。4．The primary factor used_to_distinguish developed countries from developing countries is GDP per capita.用以区分发达国家与发展中国家的首要因素是人均GDP产值。 自主排查 夯基固本 Ⅰ　核心单词(1)hunger (n.) 饥饿→hungry (adj.) 饥饿的(2)income (n.) 收入(3)poverty (n.) 贫穷→poor (adj.) 贫穷的(4)development (n.) 发展→develop (v.) 发展→developing (adj.) 发展中的→developed (adj.) 发达的(5)measure (vt.) 测定；测量；评估(6)position (n.) 位置(7)educate (vt.) 教育；培养；训练→education (n.) 教育→educated (adj.) 受过教育的；有教养的(8)figure (n.) 数字；人物；图形；体形；画像 (vi.) 计算；出现(9)homeless (adj.) 无家可归的(10)crowded (adj.) 拥挤的→crowd (n.) 人群；群众(11)similarity (n.) 类似；相似→similar (adj.) 相似的→similarly (adv.) 相似地(12)unfortunate (adj.) 不幸的；遗憾的→unfortunately (adv.) 不幸地→fortune (n.) 运气；财富→fortunately (adv.) 幸运地(13)location (n.) 位置；所在地→locate (vt.) 找到……的位置；位于→located (adj.) 坐落的；位于(14)industrial (adj.) 工业的→industry (n.) 工业(15)polluted (adj.) 受到污染的→pollute (vt.) 污染→pollution (n.) 污染(16)entertain (vt.) 使娱乐；款待→entertainment (n.) 娱乐(17)exchange (n.& v．) 交换；交易Ⅱ　阅读单词(1)human  (n.) (与动物等对比的)人(2)index (n.) 指数(3)goal (n.) 目标(4)expectancy (n.) 预期数额→expect (v.) 期望；预料→expectation (n.) 预期，期待(5)household (n.) 一家人；家庭(6)charity (n.) 慈善团体(7)freeway (n.) 高速公路(8)inhabitant (n.) 居民(9)tourism (n.) 旅游业→tour (n.) 旅游，旅行；巡回演出→tourist (n.) 旅游者；游客(10)transport (n.) 交通工具(11)smart (adj.) 漂亮的；整洁的；时髦的(12)vast (adj.) 巨大的；庞大的；浩瀚的　[单句语法填空]1.His whole life is a fight against  ________ (poor) and unemployment.答案：poverty2．Education is central to a country's economic  ________ (develop)．答案：development3．He  ________ (educate) at a very good school when he was young. 答案：was educated4．The old town square was  ________ (crowd) with people.答案：crowded5．There are some obvious  ________ (similar) between mother and son.答案：similarities6．The property is set in a convenient ________ (locate)．答案：location7．I called on you yesterday, but  ________ (unfortunate) you were out. 答案：unfortunately8．Shanghai is the most important  ________ (industry) base of China.答案：industrial9．The police have warned them not to swim in the  ________ (pollute) river.答案：polluted10．School brass band will provide music for  __________ (entertain)．答案：entertainment1．­y结尾的名词集锦①poverty贫穷  ②similarity类似；相似③activity活动  ④beauty美丽，美好⑤certainty 确定的事  ⑥discovery发现⑦safety安全2．­less结尾的形容词小结①homeless 无家的， 无家可归的②blameless 无可指责的③fearless 大胆的， 勇敢的④jobless 失业的，无业的⑤restless 不平静的， 不安宁的⑥tireless 不知疲倦的⑦worthless 无价值的，无用的3．交通词汇集锦①freeway/highway高速公路②rush hour交通高峰期③traffic交通  ④traffic jam交通堵塞⑤traffic lights红绿灯  ⑥traffic sign交通标志⑦transport运输；交通1．at_the_top_of  在……顶端2．at_the_bottom_of  在……底部3．make_sure  确保；确定4．up_to  达到；直到；到……为止5．increase by ...   增加了……6．make progress  取得进步7．make efforts   努力8．in particular  尤其9．be connected with   与……有联系；与……有关10．be close to  接近；靠近　[选词填空]increase by, make great progress, up to, in particular, make efforts, close to1．Is there anything ________ you'd like for dinner?答案：in particular2．Two­thirds of Americans spend ________ seven hours a day using computers or other digital products.答案：up to3．While ________ great ________ to run away, she fell over the hill and died.答案：making; efforts4．I enjoyed sitting ________ the windows and looking at the view.答案：close to5．Food prices ________ 10% in less than a year.答案：increased by6．We have ________， but there is still a long way to go.答案：made great progress1．“确信”短语集锦①make sure 确保；弄清楚②make sure of ... 弄清楚；确信③make sure (that) ... 确信……④be sure of/about 对……有把握；确信(主语为人，主语感到“确信”) ⑤be sure to do 一定；必然会(主语为人或物，说话人推测“一定，必然会”)2．“努力”家族①make an effort/efforts to do sth.尽一切努力做某事②try/do one's best to do sth.尽最大努力做某事③spare no effort to do sth.不遗余力地做某事④do all that sb. can to do sth.尽力做某事⑤do what sb. can to do sth.尽力做某事课文原句句式梳理仿写训练The bottom ten countries are all African countries, with Sierra Leone (in West Africa) at the bottom of the list.(P12)排名最后的10个国家均是非洲国家，塞拉利昂(位于西非)排在最后。本句中的with Sierra Leone (in West Africa) at the bottom of the list属于“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构，介词短语at the bottom of the list作宾补。She saw a small river   ______________________________________________  (两岸满是红花绿草).答案：with green grass and red flowers on both sides 直击重点 突破考点 １．measure　vt.测量；计量；评估；(尺寸、长短、数量等)量度为　n．尺寸；措施；办法(P12) (1)单句语法填空①The shirt that he made ________  my own measure fits me well.②It is urgent that government and experts take measures  ________ (solve) these problems. 答案：①to　②to solve(2)单句改错In England and America distance is measured in miles, not with kilometres._________________________________________________________________答案：with→in(3)单句写作①Education shouldn't ____________ purely ________ examination results.教育不应该纯粹用考试成绩来衡量。②We must ________ preventive __________________ crime in the area.我们必须采取预防措施来减少这个地区的犯罪。答案：①be measured; by　②take; measures to reduce (1)make sth. to one's measure 照某人的尺寸做……take measures to do sth.＝take steps/action to do sth. 采取措施/行动做某事(2)be measured by ... 用……来衡量be measured in ...  以……来测量特别提醒(1)measure表示“措施”之意时，常用其复数形式measures。(2)measure表示“量度为；有……长(宽、高等)”时，是连系动词，后跟量的结果，不用于被动语态及进行时；作定语时要用其现在分词。２．position　n．位置；职位；状况，形势(P12) (1)单句语法填空①He was  ________  a difficult position and didn't know what to do.②His sister holds  ________  important position in a bank.答案：①in　②an(2)单句改错All parking signs have now been placed in the position._________________________________________________________________答案：去掉the(3)单句写作①Bill __________________________ as factory director in October.10月份比尔新上任当了厂长。②Everything in the office was   __________________. 办公室的所有东西都被动过了。答案：①took up his new position　②out of positionin a ... position处于……的地位/处境in/out of position在/不在适当的位置take up a/one's position占据位置；任职hold a ... position 担任……职务３．similarity　n．类似；相似(P16) (1)单句语法填空①Although there are some ________ (similarity) between the two cities, there are a lot of differences too. ②I have similar taste to my wife  ________  music.答案：①similarities　②in(2)单句改错①Similar, many foreign banks also have branches in the United States._________________________________________________________________②This is similar in waiting for a bus that never turns up. _________________________________________________________________答案：①Similar→Similarly　②in→to (1)similar adj.相似的，类似的be similar to ... in ... 和……在……方面类似(2)similarly adv.同样地，类似地１．up to 达到；直到；到……为止(P12) (1)单句语法填空①It's up to you  ________ (decide) where we will go for our holiday.②He's not really up to ________ (see) any visitors.答案：①to decide　②seeing(2)单句改错It's up you. Watching TV at home or going to the cinema is fine with me._________________________________________________________________答案：up后加to(3)单句写作______________ what kind of life you will lead in the future.将来过怎样的生活取决于你。答案：It's up to you (1)be up to doing ... 能够/愿意做；胜任……(用于疑问句和否定句)(2)It is up to sb. to do sth. 应由某人做某事；由某人决定做某事(3)It's up to you. 由你做主。/取决于你。２．make efforts努力(P12) (1)单句语法填空①He is making an effort  ________ (catch) up with others in study.②He was so strong that he lifted the big rock  ________  effort.答案：①to catch　②without(2)单句改错①Things within your duty should be done in effort._________________________________________________________________②In future work, we will continue to make every effort provide you with good services. _________________________________________________________________答案：①in→with　②provide前加to(3)单句写作①The local clubs are ________________________ more young people.地方俱乐部正在尽一切努力来引起更多年轻人的兴趣。②Parents arrange everything for their children and ____________ to  pave the way for their success.父母为他们的孩子安排一切，并不遗余力地为他们的成功铺路。③The company has laid off 150 workers ____________________ money.公司为节省资金解雇了150名工人。答案：①making every effort to interest　②spare no effort③in an effort to savemake ＋to do sth. 尽一切努力做某事spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力做某事without effort 不费力地；容易地in an effort to do sth. 为做成某事而努力with (great) effort 努力地；艰难地１．[教材原句]Norway is at the top of the list, while the US is at number 7.挪威高居榜首，而美国名列第七。(P12) (1)单句语法填空①My mother is busy cooking  ________ my father is watching TV after work.②________  I was watching TV, the bell rang. 答案：①while　②While(2)单句改错①It was raining hard while we arrived._________________________________________________________________②While I admit his good points, but I can see his shortcomings._________________________________________________________________答案：①while→when　②去掉but(3)单句写作①I was never very neat, ________________ Kate was extremely organized.我从来不是一个很爱整洁的人，而我的室友凯特却极有条理。②I hurt my leg ____________ football.我踢足球时把腿弄伤了。答案：①while my roommate　②while playing (1)while意为“而，却”，为并列连词，表对比，具有轻微转折的含义。(2)while意为“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句时，从句中的动词是延续性动词；而when引导时间状语从句时，从句中的动词可以是延续性的，也可以是短暂性的。(3)while意为“虽然，尽管”，作为从属连词引导让步状语从句。２．[教材原句]It's an agreement between towns or cities of similar size and age, and which have similar features such as tourism, industry, culture and entertainment.它是那些规模和年代相似的城镇或城市之间的一种协议，这些城镇或城市间有相似的特征，譬如，旅游业、工业、文化和娱乐。(P19) (1)单句语法填空①The two brothers are  ________  the same height and about the same weight.②This question is  ________  great importance to us all.答案：①of　②of(2)一句多译The two rooms are __________________.＝The two rooms are ________________.这两个房间大小一样。答案：the same in size; of the same size(3)单句写作①The coin _______________________ and worth collecting.这枚硬币质量很好，值得收藏。②Will that ______________ to you?那对你有用吗？答案：①is of high quality　②be of use/useful (1)be of＋抽象名词＝be＋该抽象名词对应的形容词be of great/much ＝be very (2)be of＋表示年龄(age)、大小(size)、颜色(colour)、重量(weight)、高度(height)、价格(price)、意见(opinion)、形状(shape)、种类(kind)和方法(way)等的名词，表示“具有……”，说明主语的特征，在句中可作表语或定语。特别提醒(1)“of＋抽象名词”结构中，抽象名词前可用any, some, little, no, not much, great等词修饰，用以说明其程度；“of＋名词(表示度量、大小、颜色、类别等)”结构中，名词前常用a(n), the same, this, that, all, different 等词修饰。(2)of an age＝of the same age “年龄/岁数相同”； of age “成年”。  课文回练 升华运用 One of the most important sections of the Human Development Report __1__ (be) the Human Development Index, __2__ measures a country's achievements in three ways: life expectancy, __3__ (educate) and income. The UK is in __4__ thirteenth position, __5__ China is in the middle of the list.This report gives examples of __6__ (success) development. For example, in the last ten years in China,150 million people moved out of __7__ (poor). However, the __8__ (challenge) are still great. Although most of the children in developing countries go to primary school, about 115 million children are not being educated. The report shows that we __9__ (make) some progress but that we need __10__ (make) greater efforts.1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________9．________　10.________答案：1.is　2.which　3.education　4.the　5.while　6.successful　7.poverty　8.challenges　9.are making　10.to make