鲁教版（五四学制）（2024）八年级上册（2024）Section B复习练习题

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Unit 6 Sectin B — Vcabulary in Use
课时5 鲁教版初中英语八年级上册 (p.76)
第一部分 知识点讲义
一、学习目标
1. 能掌握否定前缀 un-/in-/im- 的用法，能正确使用它们构成反义词
2. 能理解并正确运用 -ed/-ing 形容词的区别：-ed描述人的感受，-ing描述事物的特征
3. 能在实际语境中正确选择和使用带前缀的形容词和 -ed/-ing 形容词
二、重点
1. 否定前缀规律：un- + safe → unsafe; in- + frmal → infrmal; im- + plite → implite
2. -ed/-ing 形容词的区别：interested/interesting, cnfused/cnfusing, excited/exciting, embarrassed/embarrassing
3. 前缀的选择规律：根据词根的发音选择合适的前缀
三、难点
1. 不同前缀（un-/in-/im-）与词根的搭配规律
2. 在具体语境中准确判断应使用 -ed 还是 -ing 形容词
四、否定前缀 un- / in- / im-
▶ 规则说明
否定前缀加在形容词前面，构成反义词，表示“不……”或“非……”。
▶ 前缀选择规律
• un- — 最常用，可与大多数形容词搭配（safe, friendly, tidy, healthy, cmmn, certain）
• in- — 常与以元音开头的词根搭配（frmal, direct, crrect）
• im- — 常与以 b, m, p 开头的词根搭配（plite, prper, pssible）
• 记忆技巧：im- 在 b, m, p 前发音更自然（双唇音同化），in- 在其他音前使用，un- 最通用
五、-ed / -ing 形容词辨析
▶ 核心规则
▶ 常见 -ed/-ing 形容词对照表
▶ 易错辨析
六、知识要点详解
1. 否定前缀的系统掌握
前缀是加在词根前面改变词义的语素。本课学习三个否定前缀：
• un- — 最常见的否定前缀，可与大多数形容词搭配
例如：safe → unsafe（不安全的），friendly → unfriendly（不友好的）
• in- — 常用于拉丁词源的词
例如：frmal → infrmal（非正式的），crrect → incrrect（不正确的）
• im- — in- 的变体，在 b, m, p 前使用（双唇音同化）
例如：plite → implite（不礼貌的），pssible → impssible（不可能的）
2. -ed 与 -ing 形容词的核心区别
核心规则：
• -ed 形容词 → 描述人的内心感受（“感到……的”）
例如：I am interested in this bk. 我对这本书感兴趣。
• -ing 形容词 → 描述事物/情况的特征（“令人……的”）
例如：This bk is interesting. 这本书很有趣。
判断方法：
• 主语是人 → 通常用 -ed（感受）
• 主语是物/事 → 通常用 -ing（特征）
• 特殊情况：人也可以用 -ing（表示这个人具有某种特征）
例如：He is an interesting persn. 他是个有趣的人。（这里用interesting表示他本身具有让人感兴趣的特点）
七、学习支架——词汇知识图
八、典型例题
【例馘1】前缀运用
用 un-, in- 或 im- 写出下列形容词的反义词：
1. safe → ______ 2. frmal → ______ 3. plite → ______
4. tidy → ______ 5. crrect → ______ 6. pssible → ______
【答案】1. unsafe 2. infrmal 3. implite 4. untidy 5. incrrect 6. impssible
【点拨】注意前缀选择规律：im- 用在 p 开头的词前（plite, pssible），in- 用在其他词前（frmal, crrect），un- 最通用。
【例题2】-ed/-ing 辨析
选择正确的形式填空：
1. The students were ______ (interest/interested/interesting) in the science museum.
2. The lessn was s ______ (bred/bring) that half the class fell asleep.
3. She was ______ (surprise/surprised/surprising) t see her ld friend at the airprt.
4. It was an ______ (embarrass/embarrassed/embarrassing) mment when he frgt her name.
【答案】1. interested 2. bring 3. surprised 4. embarrassing
【点拨】判断方法：看主语。主语是人（students, she）→用 -ed；主语是物/事（lessn, mment）→用 -ing。
第二部分 同步练习
★ 基础巩固
一、单项选择
1. It is ______ t smke in a hspital.
A. pssible B. impssible
C. pssibly D. impssibility
2. The teacher tld us that it was ______ t talk ludly in the library.
A. plite B. implite
C. plitely D. pliteness
3. I am very ______ in learning abut different cultures.
A. interest B. interesting
C. interested D. interests
4. The stry is s ______ that everyne wants t read it again.
A. bre B. bred
C. bring D. interesting
5. My brther lks ______ when he plays vide games. They are really ______.
A. excited; exciting B. exciting; excited
C. excited; excited D. exciting; exciting
6. It is ______ fr a 3-year-ld child t drive a car.
A. imprtant B. unimprtant
C. pssible D. impssible
二、用 un-, in- 或 im- 写出下列形容词的反义词
1. safe → ______ 2. direct → ______ 3. plite → ______
4. healthy → ______ 5. prper → ______ 6. cmmn → ______
7. frmal → ______ 8. crrect → ______
三、用 -ed 或 -ing 形式的形容词填空
1. The mvie was really ______ (interest). I want t watch it again.
2. She was ______ (embarrass) when she tripped in frnt f everyne.
3. The hmewrk is s ______ (bre) that I want t stp ding it.
4. We were all ______ (excite) abut the schl trip tmrrw.
5. He fund the instructins very ______ (cnfuse).
6. The children lked ______ (surprise) when they saw the gifts.
★★ 能力提升
一、单项选择
1. Yur behavir at the dinner was ______. Yu shuld say srry t the hst.
A. prper B. imprper
C. prperly D. prperly
2. I fund the map very ______. I culdn't find my way at all.
A. cnfuse B. cnfused
C. cnfusing D. t cnfuse
3. It's ______ t refuse a gift in Japan. Peple there think it's rude.
A. plite B. implite
C. pssible D. cmmn
4. The news was ______. Everyne in the rm was ______.
A. surprised; surprising B. surprising; surprised
C. surprised; surprised D. surprising; surprising
5. He speaks in a very ______ way. I can't understand what he means directly.
A. direct B. indirect
C. direct D. directly
6. Reading bks is a gd way t ______ yur vcabulary.
A. develp B. arrive
C. dress D. gift
7. The little girl felt ______ when she saw the ______ cartn.
A. bred; bring B. bring; bred
C. bred; bred D. bring; bring
8. In sme cultures, it is ______ t pint at peple with yur finger.
A. plite B. implite
C. friendly D. safe
二、完形填空
阅读下面短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Last mnth, my family mved t a new cuntry. At first, I fund everything very 1 . The language was different, the fd was different, and even the way peple greeted each ther was different.
In my ld schl, I was an 2 student. I liked talking t my classmates and making friends. But in the new schl, I felt 3 because I culdn't understand what the teacher was saying. The lessns were 4 fr me because I didn't knw enugh wrds.
One day, my classmate Tm came t talk t me. He was very 5 and helped me understand the lessns. He tld me that it was 6 t feel cnfused at first, but things wuld get better.
He als taught me sme 7 rules. Fr example, in this cuntry, it's 8 t arrive n time fr class. It's als imprtant t say "please" and "thank yu" ften. He said that nt saying "thank yu" is cnsidered 9 .
Nw I feel much better. I'm n lnger 10 abut the new culture. Instead, I find it very interesting!
1. A. exciting B. cnfusing C. bring D. interesting
2. A. utging B. unfriendly C. unhealthy D. implite
3. A. excited B. embarrassed C. interested D. relaxed
4. A. tiring B. tired C. exciting D. excited
5. A. implite B. unfriendly C. friendly D. bring
6. A. impssible B. implite C. uncmmn D. nrmal
7. A. indirect B. imprtant C. infrmal D. incrrect
8. A. imprper B. implite C. imprtant D. impssible
9. A. plite B. implite C. friendly D. nrmal
10. A. cnfused B. bring C. excited D. interested
三、阅读理解
阅读下面短文，选择最佳答案。
Prefixes are small grups f letters added t the beginning f a wrd t change its meaning. Learning abut prefixes can help yu understand many new wrds.
The prefix "un-" means "nt". Fr example, "happy" means feeling gd, but "unhappy" means nt feeling gd. "Safe" means secure, but "unsafe" means nt secure.
The prefix "in-" als means "nt". "Crrect" means right, but "incrrect" means nt right. "Frmal" means fllwing rules, but "infrmal" means nt fllwing rules.
The prefix "im-" is a special frm f "in-". It is used befre wrds that begin with the letters b, m, r p. "Plite" means shwing gd manners, but "implite" means nt shwing gd manners. "Pssible" means able t happen, but "impssible" means nt able t happen.
Knwing these prefixes can be very helpful. When yu see a wrd yu dn't knw, try t lk at its prefix. It might help yu guess the meaning!
1. What des the prefix "un-" mean?
A. Very B. Nt
C. Again D. Befre
2. What des "infrmal" mean?
A. Very frmal B. Nt fllwing rules
C. Fllwing rules carefully D. A little frmal
3. When d we use "im-" instead f "in-"?
A. Befre all wrds B. Befre wrds starting with b, m, r p
C. Only befre nuns D. Only befre verbs
4. What des the wrd "impssible" mean?
A. Very pssible B. Nt able t happen
C. Able t happen D. Almst pssible
5. What is the main idea f this passage?
A. Hw t spell difficult wrds B. The histry f English prefixes
C. Hw prefixes help us understand new wrds D. The difference between in- and im-
四、词形转换：用所给词的适当形式填空
1. The man spke in a very ______ (direct) way. I had t ask him t explain again.
2. She was ______ (embarrass) when she called the teacher "Mm".
3. It is ______ (plite) t laugh at thers when they make mistakes.
4. The game is s ______ (excite) that all the children want t play it.
5. I am ______ (interest) in Chinese histry. It's a very ______ (interest) subject.
6. The instructins were ______ (cnfuse). Nbdy understd what t d.
7. It is ______ (pssible) fr humans t live withut water.
8. He felt ______ (tire) after the lng ______ (tire) jurney.
五、句型转换：按要求改写句子
1. It is plite t bring a gift. (用否定前缀改写)
It is ______ t ______ a gift.
2. The mvie is interesting. I want t watch it. (合并为一句，用 interested)
I am ______ ______ the mvie.
3. She is friendly. (用否定前缀改写，意思相反)
She is ______.
六、书面表达
假设你的笔友Tm即将来中国学习。请你给他写一封英文邮件（80词左右），告诉他一些关于中国文化礼仪的建议。请在邮件中至少使用2个带否定前缀的词和2个-ed/-ing形容词。
提示：
1. 到达时间：不要太早也不要太晚
2. 礼物：带一些小礼物是重要的
3. 礼貌：在中国不要把筷子插在饭里
4. 感受：你会发现中国文化很有趣
Dear Tm,
I'm s glad yu're cming t China! Let me tell yu sme tips abut Chinese culture.
Can't wait t see yu!
Yurs,
Li Hua
★★★ 扩展延伸
一、推断题
根据所学知识，回答下列问题：
1. If smene says "The exam results were unexpected", what prefix culd yu add t "expected" t get a similar meaning?
____________________________________________
2. Why d yu think "impssible" uses "im-" instead f "in-" r "un-"?
____________________________________________
3. Can yu think f anther wrd that starts with "b", "m", r "p" that uses "im-" as a prefix?
____________________________________________
二、词汇分类题
将下列单词按前缀规律分类填入表格：
unsafe, infrmal, implite, indirect, unhealthy, imprper, uncmmn, impssible, impatient, incrrect
三、语境运用题
阅读下面的对话，用所给词的适当形式填空：
A: Did yu enjy the party last night?
B: Yes, but I felt a little 1 (embarrass) at first because I didn't knw anyne. But the peple there were very 2 (friend), s I sn relaxed.
A: Was the fd gd?
B: The fd was 3 (interest) — I tried sme dishes I'd never had befre! But the music was a bit 4 (bre). It was t lud and made everyne feel 5 (cmfrtable).
A: Did yu stay until the end?
B: N, I left early. I felt 6 (tire) because the party was 7 (tire). Anyway, it was an 8 (frgettable) evening — in a gd way!
第三部分 参考答案
★ 基础巩固
一、单项选择
1. B impssible意为"不可能的"，医院禁止吸烟是不可能的。
2. B implite意为"不礼貌的"，在图书馆大声说话是不礼貌的。
3. C interested描述人的感受，I am interested in...。
4. D interesting描述事物特征，故事很有趣。
5. A excited描述人的感受，exciting描述事物特征。
6. D impssible意为"不可能的"，3岁小孩开车是不可能的。
二、用 un-, in- 或 im- 写出反义词
1. unsafe 2. indirect 3. implite 4. unhealthy 5. imprper 6. uncmmn 7. infrmal 8. incrrect
三、用 -ed 或 -ing 形式填空
1. interesting 主语The mvie是物，用-ing。
2. embarrassed 主语She是人，用-ed。
3. bring 主语hmewrk是物，用-ing。
4. excited 主语We是人，用-ed。
5. cnfusing 主语instructins是物，用-ing。
6. surprised 主语children是人，用-ed。
★★ 能力提升
一、单项选择
1. B imprper意为"不当的"，晚宴上的行为不当。
2. C cnfusing描述事物特征，地图令人困惑。
3. B implite意为"不礼貌的"，在日本拒绝礼物是不礼貌的。
4. B surprising描述消息特征，surprised描述人的感受。
5. B indirect意为"间接的"，不能直接理解。
6. A develp yur vcabulary意为"发展你的词汇量"。
7. A bred描述人的感受，bring描述卡通特征。
8. B implite意为"不礼貌的"，用手指指人是不礼貌的。
二、完形填空
1. B cnfusing描述事物特征，一切都令人困惑。
2. A utging意为"开朗的"，在旧学校我是个开朗的学生。
3. B embarrassed描述人的感受，因为听不懂老师说什么而尴尬。
4. A tiring描述事物特征，课程令人笮惫。
5. C friendly意为"友好的"，Tm很友好。
6. D nrmal意为"正常的"，刚开始感到困惑是正常的。
7. B imprtant意为"重要的"，重要的规则。
8. C imprtant意为"重要的"，准时到达是重要的。
9. B implite意为"不礼貌的"，不说谢谢是不礼貌的。
10. A cnfused描述人的感受，不再对新文化感到困惑。
三、阅读理解
1. B 根据原文"The prefix un- means nt"可知。
2. B 根据原文"Frmal means fllwing rules, but infrmal means nt fllwing rules"可知。
3. B 根据原文"It is used befre wrds that begin with the letters b, m, r p"可知。
4. B 根据原文"impssible means nt able t happen"可知。
5. C 文章主旨是前缀帮助我们理解生词。
四、词形转换
1. indirect 说话方式间接，需要解释。
2. embarrassed 主语是人，用-ed。
3. implite 嘴笑别人是不礼貌的。
4. exciting 主语是物（game），用-ing。
5. interested; interesting 第一空主语是人，第二空主语是物。
6. cnfusing 主语是物（instructins），用-ing。
7. impssible 人类没有水无法生存，不可能。
8. tired; tiring 第一空描述人的感受，第二空描述旅程特征。
五、句型转换
1. It is implite t nt bring / refuse a gift. → It is implite t leave withut a gift.
2. I am interested in the mvie.
3. She is unfriendly.
六、书面表达（参考范文）
Dear Tm,
I'm s glad yu're cming t China! Let me tell yu sme tips abut Chinese culture.
First, it's imprtant t arrive n time — nt t early and nt t late. Secnd, bringing a small gift is a gd idea. Yu culd bring sme fruit r tea. It wuld be implite t cme withut any gift at all!
At the dinner table, remember: it's imprper t stick yur chpsticks straight int yur rice bwl. This is cnsidered very implite in China. Als, use bth hands when giving r receiving smething frm lder peple.
I think yu will find Chinese culture very interesting! Dn't be cnfused if sme custms seem different frm yurs. I'm excited t shw yu arund!
Can't wait t see yu!
Yurs,
Li Hua
范文亮点：使用了 implite, imprper, cnfused, excited, interesting 等目标词汇，语境自然，结构清晰。
★★★ 扩展延伸
一、推断题
1. unexpected = un + expected. The prefix "un-" can be added t "expected" t get "unexpected", which means the same as "nt expected".
2. Because the wrd "pssible" starts with "p", we use "im-" instead f "in-" r "un-". The prefix "im-" is used befre wrds starting with b, m, r p fr easier prnunciatin.
3. Examples: immral, mature (immature), balance (imbalanced), etc.
二、词汇分类题
注：impatient 属于 im- 类，可放在第三行。
三、语境运用题
1. embarrassed 主语是人（I），感到尴尬。
2. friendly 人们很友好。
3. interesting 食物令人感兴趣，描述物。
4. bring 音乐令人无聊，描述物。
5. uncmfrtable 前缀un- + cmfrtable，不舒服。
6. tired 主语是人（I），感到笮惫。
7. tiring 描述派对特征，令人笮惫。
8. unfrgettable 前缀un- + frgettable，难忘的。前缀
词根
反义词
释义
un-
safe
unsafe
不安全的
un-
friendly
unfriendly
不友好的
un-
tidy
untidy
不整洁的
un-
healthy
unhealthy
不健康的
un-
cmmn
uncmmn
不常见的
un-
certain
uncertain
不确定的
in-
frmal
infrmal
非正式的
in-
direct
indirect
间接的
in-
crrect
incrrect
不正确的
im-
plite
implite
不礼貌的
im-
prper
imprper
不当的
im-
pssible
impssible
不可能的
类型
用法
例句
-ed 形容词
描述人的感受或状态（“感到……的”）
I am interested in French culture.
-ing 形容词
描述事物的特征（“令人……的”）
The mvie is interesting.
-ed（感受）
-ing（特征）
中文含义
interested
interesting
感兴趣的 / 有趣的
excited
exciting
兴奋的 / 令人兴奋的
embarrassed
embarrassing
尴尬的 / 令人尴尬的
cnfused
cnfusing
困惑的 / 令人困惑的
surprised
surprising
惊讶的 / 令人惊讶的
bred
bring
无聊的 / 令人无聊的
tired
tiring
笮惫的 / 令人笮惫的
mved
mving
感动的 / 令人感动的
✗ 错误
✓ 正确
说明
I am interesting in music.
I am interested in music.
interested描述人的感受，interesting描述事物
The bk is bred.
The bk is bring.
bring描述事物特征（令人无聊的）
She lked exciting at the news.
She lked excited at the news.
excited描述人受到消息后的感受
知识点
规则
示例
否定前缀 un-
最通用，加在形容词前
safe → unsafe, friendly → unfriendly
否定前缀 in-
常用于拉丁词源词
frmal → infrmal, crrect → incrrect
否定前缀 im-
在 b/m/p 前使用
plite → implite, pssible → impssible
-ed 形容词
描述人的感受
I am excited abut the trip.
-ing 形容词
描述事物的特征
The trip is exciting.
un-
in-
im-
_______
_______
_______
_______
_______
_______
_______
_______
_______
un-
in-
im-
unsafe
infrmal
implite
unhealthy
indirect
imprper
uncmmn
incrrect
impssible