鲁教版（五四学制）（2024）八年级上册（2024）Section B课后测评

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2026秋季 · 鲁教版八年级上册 · 教师版
课时6 鲁教版初中英语八年级上册 (p.77)
第一部分 知识点讲义
一、学习目标
1. 掌握邮件写作的基本格式与结构（greeting, main text, sign-ff, sender/receiver）。
2. 学习使用 First / Secnd / Third / Als / Besides 等逻辑连接词组织建议类文章。
3. 能够围绕 table manners、giving gifts、cnversatin tpics 等话题，用英语写一封给外国朋友的建议邮件。
4. 了解中国传统礼仪文化，增强跨文化交际意识与文化自信。
二、重点
1. 邮件格式与结构：greeting → main text → sign-ff → signature
2. 核心词汇：advice (n. 建议), manner (n. 方式；礼貌), impressin (n. 印象), rude (adj. 粗鲁的), hst (n. 主人), cnversatin tpic (n. 话题), table manner (n. 餐桌礼仪)
3. 建议类句型：It's imprtant / necessary / plite t...; Yu shuld / shuldn't...; It's a gd idea t...; Yu'd better (nt)...
4. 逻辑连接词的运用：First / Secnd / Third / Als / Besides / In additin / What's mre
5. 情态动词在建议中的使用：shuld, culd, wuld, had better
三、难点
1. 邮件语体的把握：既要友好自然，又要条理清晰，正式度适中。
2. advice 的用法辨析：advice 为不可数名词（sme advice / a piece f advice）；动词形式 advise 的搭配 advise sb. t d sth.
3. 在写作中恰当运用逻辑连接词使文章层次分明、衔接自然。
四、核心词汇
词汇表
五、语法与句型
1. 建议类句型
2. 逻辑连接词
六、写作支架：邮件结构
建议类邮件的写作框架
学习要点卡：advice 的用法
七、知识要点详解
1. impressin 的用法
• impressin 意为“印象”，常用搭配：
- make / leave a ... impressin n sb. 给某人留下……的印象
例：First impressins are s imprtant that I dn't want t say r d anything wrng.
- have an impressin f... 对……有印象
- give sb. the impressin that... 给某人……的印象
• 拓展：impress v. 给……留下深刻印象 → impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的
2. manner 的多重含义
• manner 作“方式；方法”：the manner f speaking 说话的方式
• manner 作“礼貌；规矩”（常用复数 manners）：
- table manners 餐桌礼仪
- gd manners 良好的礼仪
- bad manners 不良的礼仪
例：It's bad manners t talk with yur muth full.
3. It's + adj. + (fr sb.) + t d sth.
• 这是初中英语重要句型，it 为形式主语，t d sth. 为真正主语。
• 常见形容词：imprtant, necessary, plite, rude, easy, difficult, interesting
例：It's imprtant fr us t shw gd manners.
例：It's rude t pint at thers in China.
八、典型例题
【例题1】阅读下面邮件片段，回答问题。
Hi Yaming,
I'll be staying with a Chinese family fr tw weeks. Culd yu give me sme advice? What are the right table manners? Is there anything else I shuld knw? I'm wrried abut ding smething silly. It culd give peple the false impressin that I'm a rude persn.
Cheers,
Tina
(1) What des Tina want frm Yaming?
(2) What des "the false impressin" refer t?
答案：
(1) Tina wants sme advice abut Chinese table manners and ther things she shuld knw.
(2) "The false impressin" refers t the impressin that Tina is a rude persn. She is wrried that if she des smething wrng, peple will think she is rude, even thugh she is nt.
点拨：本题考查对邮件内容的理解。第(1)题从 "Culd yu give me sme advice?" 可直接找到答案。第(2)题需要结合上下文理解 false impressin 的含义——Tina 担心自己的不当行为会让人觉得她是粗鲁的。
【例题2】根据提示，用 It' 句型写出三条关于中国餐桌礼仪的建议。
提示：arrive n time / use chpsticks crrectly / nt talk with muth full
答案：
1. It's imprtant t arrive n time when yu visit a Chinese family.
2. It's plite t use chpsticks crrectly at the table.
3. It's rude t talk with yur muth full.
点拨：注意句型结构 It's + adj. + t d sth.，形容词要根据语境选择（imprtant / plite / rude 等），t 后面接动词原形。
第二部分 同步练习
★ 基础巩固
1. My mther always gives me sme gd ______ abut my study.
A. advice B. advices C. advise D. advising
答案：A
2. It's nt ______ t pint at peple with yur chpsticks in China.
A. plite B. plitely C. implite D. implitely
答案：A
3. First ______ are very imprtant when yu meet new peple.
A. impressins B. expressins C. cnversatins D. suggestins
答案：A
4. — What are sme gd cnversatin ______ in China?
— Fd, travel, and hbbies are always safe tpics.
A. manners B. tpics C. impressins D. behaviurs
答案：B
5. Yu ______ bring a small gift when yu visit a Chinese family fr the first time.
A. shuld B. shuldn't C. had better nt D. mustn't
答案：A
6. The ______ prepared a wnderful dinner fr all the guests.
A. guest B. visitr C. hst D. waiter
答案：C
二、根据句意和首字母提示完成单词
7. It's r________ t talk ludly in the library.
答案：rude（粗鲁的）
8. In China, we usually use c________ t eat meals.
答案：chpsticks（筷子）
9. Gd m________ shw that yu respect thers.
答案：manners（礼貌；礼仪）
10. She left a gd i________ n everyne at the party.
答案：impressin（印象）
11. Culd yu give me sme a________ n hw t learn English well?
答案：advice（建议）
三、按要求改写句子
12. Yu shuld be n time when yu visit friends. (改为 It' 句型)
答案：It's imprtant t be n time when yu visit friends.
13. Talking with yur muth full is rude. (改为 It' 句型)
答案：It's rude t talk with yur muth full.
14. The hst was very nice. She made us feel at hme. (合并为一句)
答案：The hst was s nice that she made us feel at hme.
★★ 能力提升
一、单项选择
1. Yu'd better nt ______ late when yu have an appintment with smene.
A. be B. t be C. being D. been
答案：A
2. — Culd yu tell me sme table ______ in China?
— Sure. Fr example, yu shuldn't stick yur chpsticks int the rice.
A. tpics B. impressins C. manners D. cnversatins
答案：C
3. It's imprtant ______ a gd impressin when yu meet smene fr the first time.
A. make B. making C. t make D. made
答案：C
4. My teacher advised me ______ mre bks t imprve my writing.
A. read B. reading C. t read D. reads
答案：C
5. ______, dn't frget t say "Thank yu" t the hst befre yu leave.
A. First B. Secnd C. Finally D. Hwever
答案：C
6. In China, peple think it's ______ t finish all the fd n yur plate.
A. rude B. plite C. silly D. nervus
答案：B
二、阅读理解
When yu visit a Chinese family fr the first time, it's imprtant t knw sme custms. Here is sme advice fr yu.
First, bringing a small gift is always a gd idea. Yu can bring sme fruit, tea, r flwers. Tea is a great chice because Chinese peple lve tea. Hwever, dn't bring a clck as a gift because the wrd "clck" sunds like "death" in Chinese.
Secnd, be n time. If the family invites yu fr dinner at 6:00, try t arrive at 5:55 r 6:00. Arriving t early r t late is nt plite.
Third, pay attentin t table manners. In China, the hst usually serves many dishes. Yu shuld wait fr the elders t start eating first. It's plite t try every dish. Dn't stick yur chpsticks upright int the rice — this is cnsidered very rude.
Finally, cnversatin tpics matter. Gd tpics include fd, travel, and family. But avid talking abut mney r persnal things like age and salary.
If yu fllw these tips, yu will surely make a gd impressin n yur Chinese friends!
7. What is the passage mainly abut?
A. Hw t ck Chinese fd.
B. Advice n visiting a Chinese family.
C. The histry f Chinese tea.
D. Hw t learn Chinese custms.
答案：B
8. Why shuldn't yu bring a clck as a gift in China?
A. Because clcks are t expensive.
B. Because Chinese peple dn't like clcks.
C. Because "clck" sunds like "death" in Chinese.
D. Because clcks are nt useful gifts.
答案：C
9. Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing is plite at a Chinese dinner table?
A. Starting t eat befre the elders.
B. Sticking chpsticks int the rice.
C. Waiting fr the elders t eat first.
D. Only eating the dishes yu like.
答案：C
10. What tpics shuld yu avid when talking with Chinese peple?
A. Fd and travel.
B. Mney and persnal things.
C. Hbbies and family.
D. Weather and sprts.
答案：B
11. What is the structure f this passage?
A. Ttal — Part — Ttal (总—分—总)
B. Part — Part — Part (分—分—分)
C. Part — Ttal (分—总)
D. Ttal — Part (总—分)
答案：A
三、完形填空
If yu are ging t visit a freign family, it's imprtant t learn abut their 1 . Different cuntries have different 2 .
In Japan, it's plite t 3 yur shes befre entering a huse. Peple usually 4 when they meet fr the first time. In France, peple usually kiss n the 5 when they greet each ther.
When it 6 table manners, different cuntries als have different rules. In China, yu shuld 7 the elders eat first. In Western cuntries, it's imprtant t use the knife and frk 8 . Yu shuldn't talk with yur muth 9 .
N matter where yu g, remember: When in Rme, d as the Rmans d. Gd manners can help yu make a gd 10 n peple all ver the wrld.
1. A. custms B. fds C. languages D. clthes
答案：A custms（风俗）符合语境，讲述了解对方国家的风俗。
2. A. ideas B. manners C. hbbies D. prblems
答案：B manners（礼仪），与上下文讨论礼仪一致。
3. A. put n B. take ff C. pick up D. thrw away
答案：B take ff（脱下），在日本进门前脱鞋是礼仪。
4. A. smile B. laugh C. bw D. shut
答案：C bw（鞠躬），日本初次见面鞠躬行礼。
5. A. hand B. cheek C. head D. nse
答案：B cheek（脸颊），法国人贴面礼。
6. A. cmes t B. talks t C. listens t D. gets t
答案：A when it cmes t... 是固定搭配，意为“当谈到……”。
7. A. ask B. let C. make D. tell
答案：B let sb. d sth. 让某人做某事，让长辈先吃。
8. A. quickly B. slwly C. crrectly D. carelessly
答案：C crrectly（正确地），正确使用刀叉是礼仪要求。
9. A. pen B. clsed C. empty D. full
答案：D with yur muth full 满嘴食物时不要说话。
10. A. friend B. impressin C. family D. decisin
答案：B make a gd impressin 留下好印象。
四、书面表达
假设你是李华，你的外国笔友 Tm 即将来中国旅行。他给你发了一封邮件，询问在中国应该注意哪些礼仪。请你根据以下提示给他回一封邮件。
提示：
1. 见面礼仪：握手或微笑打招呼
2. 餐桌礼仪：等长辈先动筷；不要用筷子指人
3. 礼物：带水果或茶叶是好选择
4. 话题：可以聊美食、旅行；避免谈论工资
要求：80词左右，邮件格式正确，条理清晰，可适当发挥。
【参考范文】
Dear Tm,
I'm s glad t hear that yu're cming t China! Here is sme advice fr yu.
First, when yu meet peple, a handshake r a smile is always a gd way t say hell. Secnd, pay attentin t table manners. Yu shuld wait fr the elders t start eating first, and dn't pint at peple with yur chpsticks. Third, it's a gd idea t bring sme fruit r tea as a gift. Chinese peple lve tea! Finally, gd cnversatin tpics include fd and travel, but avid talking abut mney r salary.
I hpe yu'll have a wnderful trip t China!
Best wishes,
Li Hua
★★★ 拓展延伸
一、推断题
1. 阅读下面两段话，回答问题。
Tina wrte: "First impressins are s imprtant that I dn't want t say r d anything wrng! It culd give peple the false impressin that I'm a rude persn."
Yaming replied: "Dn't wrry t much! Chinese peple are very friendly and understanding. If yu shw respect and try yur best, peple will appreciate yur effrts even if yu make a small mistake."
(1) 从 Tina 的话中，我们可以推断出她对中国之行有什么样的心情？
(2) Yaming 的回复想要传达什么信息？
答案：(1) Tina 对中国之行感到紧张和担忧。她非常在意给中国人留下好印象，害怕因为不了解礼仪而犯错，让人误以为她是粗鲁的人。 (2) Yaming 想要安慰 Tina，告诉她不必过于担心。中国人很友善和包容，只要表现出尊重并尽力而为，即使犯了小错误，人们也会理解并赞赏她的努力。
二、文章结构分析题
2. 下面是 Yaming 写给 Tina 的回复邮件的框架。请分析这封邮件的结构，并完成表格。
Dear Tina,
I'm happy t hear frm yu! Dn't wrry — I'll give yu sme useful advice.
First, bringing a small gift like tea r fruit is a great idea. Chinese peple will be happy with yur thughtfulness.
Secnd, when yu arrive at the dinner table, wait fr the elders t start eating first. Als, remember nt t stick yur chpsticks int the rice. It's cnsidered bad manners.
Third, fd and travel are always safe and interesting cnversatin tpics. But it's better nt t talk abut mney r persnal things.
Finally, just be yurself and be plite. Chinese peple are friendly and will understand if yu make small mistakes.
I hpe this helps. Have a great trip!
Cheers,
Yaming
请完成下表：
第三部分 参考答案与解析
★ 基础巩固
一、单项选择
1. A advice 为不可数名词，没有复数形式，排除 B；此处需要名词作宾语，advise 是动词，排除 C 和 D。故选 A。
2. A It's + adj. + t d sth. 句型中需要形容词；根据句意“在中国用筷子指人是不礼貌的”，选 plite（有礼貌的）构成否定含义。
3. A first impressins 意为“第一印象”，符合语境。expressin 表情/表达；cnversatin 交谈；suggestin 建议，均不符合。
4. B cnversatin tpics 意为“话题”，符合语境。manners 礼仪；impressins 印象；behaviurs 行为，均不符合。
5. A 根据文化常识，第一次拜访中国家庭带小礼物是合适的，shuld 表示建议“应该”。B、C、D 均表示否定含义，不符合语境。
6. C hst 意为“主人”，为客人准备晚餐符合语境。guest/visitr 是客人，waiter 是服务员，均不符合。
二、首字母填空
7. rude（粗鲁的）
8. chpsticks（筷子）
9. manners（礼貌；礼仪）
10. impressin（印象）
11. advice（建议）
三、句子改写
12. It's imprtant t be n time when yu visit friends.
13. It's rude t talk with yur muth full.
14. The hst was s nice that she made us feel at hme.
★★ 能力提升
一、单项选择
1. A had better nt + 动词原形，故选 A。had better 后直接加动词原形，否定形式在 better 后加 nt。
2. C table manners 意为“餐桌礼仪”，符合语境。
3. C It's + adj. + t d sth. 句型，t 后接动词原形，故选 C。
4. C advise sb. t d sth. 意为“建议某人做某事”，为固定搭配，故选 C。
5. C Finally 表示“最后”，用于引出最后一条建议，符合语境。
6. B 在中国，吃完盘中的食物被认为是礼貌的行为（表示不浪费），故选 plite。
二、阅读理解
7. B 文章主要讲述了拜访中国家庭时应注意的礼仪和建议，故选 B。
8. C 根据第二段 "the wrd 'clck' sunds like 'death' in Chinese" 可知答案。
9. C 根据第四段 "Yu shuld wait fr the elders t start eating first" 可知答案。
10. B 根据最后一段 "avid talking abut mney r persnal things like age and salary" 可知答案。
11. A 第一段总起（总），中间四段分别给出四条建议（分），最后一句总结（总），属于总—分—总结构。
三、完形填空
1. A custms（风俗）符合语境，讲述了解对方国家的风俗。
2. B manners（礼仪），与上下文讨论礼仪一致。
3. B take ff（脱下），在日本进门前脱鞋是礼仪。
4. C bw（鞠躬），日本初次见面鞠躬行礼。
5. B cheek（脸颊），法国人贴面礼。
6. A when it cmes t... 是固定搭配，意为“当谈到……”。
7. B let sb. d sth. 让某人做某事，让长辈先吃。
8. C crrectly（正确地），正确使用刀叉是礼仪要求。
9. D with yur muth full 满嘴食物时不要说话。
10. B make a gd impressin 留下好印象。
四、书面表达
评分要点：(1) 邮件格式正确（称呼、正文、结尾、署名）；(2) 涵盖所有提示要点；(3) 逻辑连接词使用恰当；(4) 语言准确流畅，80词左右。单词
读音
词性
释义
例句
advice
/əd'vaɪs/
n.
建议；忠告
Culd yu give me sme advice?
manner
/'mænə(r)/
n.
方式；礼貌；规矩
Table manners are imprtant in China.
impressin
/ɪm'preʃn/
n.
印象
First impressins are very imprtant.
rude
/ruːd/
adj.
粗鲁的；无礼的
It's rude t pint at thers.
hst
/həʊst/
n.
主人；东道主
The hst prepared a big dinner.
cnversatin
/ˌkɒnvə'seɪʃn/
n.
交谈；谈话
We had a pleasant cnversatin.
tpic
/'tɒpɪk/
n.
话题；主题
What are gd cnversatin tpics?
plite
/pə'laɪt/
adj.
有礼貌的
It's plite t say thank yu.
gift
/ɡɪft/
n.
礼物
Bringing a gift is a gd idea.
behaviur
/bɪ'heɪvjə(r)/
n.
行为；举止
Gd behaviur makes a gd impressin.
句型结构
含义
例句
常见错误
It's + adj. + t d sth.
做某事是……的
It's plite t bring a small gift.
✗ It's plite bring a gift.
✓ It's plite t bring a gift.
Yu shuld / shuldn't + d
你应当/不应当……
Yu shuld arrive n time.
✗ Yu shuld t arrive n time.
✓ Yu shuld arrive n time.
Yu'd better (nt) + d
你最好（不要）……
Yu'd better nt talk with yur muth full.
✗ Yu'd better nt t be late.
✓ Yu'd better nt be late.
It's a gd idea t + d
做……是个好主意
It's a gd idea t learn sme Chinese greetings.
Why dn't yu + d?
你为什么不做……呢？
Why dn't yu bring sme tea as a gift?
✗ Why dn't yu
✓ Why dn't yu
连接词
用法
例句
First / Firstly
首先（引出第一点建议）
First, yu shuld bring a small gift.
Secnd / Secndly
其次（引出第二点建议）
Secnd, it's imprtant t be n time.
Third / Thirdly
第三（引出第三点建议）
Third, dn't stick yur chpsticks int the rice.
Als / Besides / What's mre
此外（补充建议）
Als, it's plite t try all the dishes.
Finally / In the end
最后（总结）
Finally, remember t say thank yu.
邮件部分
功能说明
常用表达
Greeting（称呼）
Hi / Dear + 名字,
Hi Tina,
Opening（开头）
回应对方来信，表达心情
I'm glad t hear frm yu. / I'm happy t help!
Bdy（正文）
分条给出建议，使用连接词
First, ... / Secnd, ... / Third, ... / Als, ...
Clsing（结尾）
表达祝愿或期待回复
I hpe this helps. / I'm lking frward t yur visit!
Sign-ff（落款）
结束语 + 署名
Cheers, / Best wishes, / Yurs, + 名字
用法
说明
例句
名词用法
advice 是不可数名词
sme advice / a piece f advice
✗ an advice
动词用法
advise sb. t d sth.
I advise yu t bring a small gift.
搭配
give / take / fllw advice
Can yu give me sme advice?
Yu shuld fllw yur teacher's advice.
邮件部分
对应段落
主要功能
Greeting
Dear Tina,
称呼收信人
Opening
I'm happy t hear frm yu! Dn't wrry...
回应对方，表达关心和愿意帮助
Bdy — Advice 1
First, bringing a small gift...
建议一：关于送礼
Bdy — Advice 2
Secnd, when yu arrive...
建议二：关于餐桌礼仪
Bdy — Advice 3
Third, fd and travel...
建议三：关于谈话话题
Bdy — Advice 4
Finally, just be yurself...
建议四：放松心态，做自己
Clsing
I hpe this helps. Have a great trip!
表达祝愿
Sign-ff
Cheers, Yaming
结束语和署名