初中英语鲁教版（五四学制）（2024）八年级上册（2024）Section B第4课时课时作业

这是一份初中英语鲁教版（五四学制）（2024）八年级上册（2024）Section B第4课时课时作业，文件包含_Unit5单元测试卷_Unit5_单元测试卷-教师版docx、_Unit5单元测试卷_Unit5_单元测试卷-学生版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共22页， 欢迎下载使用。
Unit 6 Sectin B — Hw d we shw respect t ther cultures?—Reading Strategy
课时4 鲁教版初中英语八年级上册 (pp.74-75)
第一部分 知识点讲义
一、学习目标
1. 能正确理解并运用核心词汇：arrive, gift, dress, ccasin, embarrassed, private, cnversatin, relatinship, develp, custm
2. 能识别阅读材料中的主题句（tpic sentence），并借助主题句快速理解段落大意
3. 能掌握表示建议的句型：It's imprtant t... / Yu shuld always try t... / It's best nt
4. 能了解法国派对礼仪，理解跨文化交际中尊重他人文化的重要性
二、重点
1. 核心词汇与短语：arrive early, bring a gift, dress fr the ccasin, persnal questins, develp clser relatinships, g a lng way
2. 阅读策略——识别主题句：主题句通常位于段落开头，概括段落核心内容
3. 建议句型：It's + adj. + t d sth. / Yu shuld (always) d... / It's best nt
4. 文化意识：了解不同文化中社交礼仪的差异，学会尊重并适应他国文化
三、难点
1. 主题句的识别：区分主题句与支撑细节句，理解主题句与段落内容的关系
2. unless引导的条件状语从句的理解与运用
3. 在实际语境中正确使用建议句型表达礼仪建议
四、核心词汇
五、核心短语
六、语法与句型
▶ 建议句型（Giving suggestins）
▶ 易错辨析
七、阅读策略——识别主题句（Tpic Sentence）
什么是主题句？
主题句（tpic sentence）是表达段落核心思想（main idea）的句子。它通常出现在段落的开头，但有时也会出现在段落中间或末尾。识别主题句有助于快速理解文章内容。
主题句在Nancy邮件中的体现：
八、知识要点详解
1. arrive 的用法
arrive是不及物动词，意为"到达"，后接地点时需用介词：
• arrive at + 小地点（车站、学校等）：We arrived at the statin at 8.
• arrive in + 大地点（城市、国家等）：They arrived in Paris last week.
• arrive后不直接接宾语：✗ He arrived schl. → ✓ He arrived at schl.
2. embarrassed vs. embarrassing
embarrassed（adj.）：感到尴尬的，描述人的感受
例句：I was s embarrassed!（我感到很尴尬！）
embarrassing（adj.）：令人尴尬的，描述事物的特征
例句：That was an embarrassing experience.（那是令人尴尬的经历。）
规律：-ed形容词描述人的感受，-ing形容词描述事物的特征。
3. unless 引导条件状语从句
unless = ，意为"除非；如果不"
• It's best nt t ask persnal questins unless yu knw the persn well.
（除非你很了解那个人，否则最好不要问私人问题。）
注意：unless本身含否定意义，从句中不再使用nt。
• ✗ Dn't g ut unless yu dn't finish yur hmewrk.
✓ Dn't g ut unless yu finish yur hmewrk.
4. develp 的用法
develp作动词，常见含义：
• 发展、开发：develp skills/habits（发展技能/培养习惯）
• 建立（关系）：develp clser relatinships（建立更亲密的关系）
• 冲洗（照片）：develp phts
名词形式：develpment（发展）
九、学习支架——法国派对礼仪思维导图
十、典型例题
【例题1】阅读理解
根据Nancy的邮件内容，判断下列句子正（T）误（F）：
1. Nancy felt lnely when she first arrived in France. ( )
2. Nancy arrived 10 minutes late t the party. ( )
3. All the guests brught gifts t the party except Nancy. ( )
4. Nancy wre a nice dress t the party. ( )
5. French peple like t talk abut their salaries with new friends. ( )
【答案】1.T 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.F
【解析】
1. 根据原文"I was a little lnely at first"可知Nancy刚到法国时确实感到孤独，故T。
2. 根据原文"I arrived 10 minutes early"可知是早到10分钟，不是迟到，故F。
3. 根据原文"everyne else brught gifts"可知其他所有人都带了礼物而Nancy没有，故T。
4. 根据原文"I was just wearing a simple bluse and shrts"可知穿的是衬衫短裤，不是漂亮裙子，故F。
5. 根据原文"They dn't like it when thers ask them much mney they make"可知法国人不喜欢被问收入，故F。
【例题2】句型运用
根据提示，用正确的句型完成句子：
1. 拜访别人家时带礼物是重要的。（It's imprtant t...）
____________________________________________
2. 除非你很了解那个人，否则最好不要问私人问题。（It's best nt ）
____________________________________________
3. 你应该总是根据场合来着装。（Yu shuld always try t...）
____________________________________________
【答案】
1. It's imprtant t bring a gift when yu visit smene's hme.
2. It's best nt t ask persnal questins unless yu knw the persn well.
3. Yu shuld always try t dress fr the ccasin.
【点拨】注意It's imprtant t d sth.中动词用不定式形式；unless引导的从句不再加否定词。
【例题3】主题句识别
阅读下面段落，用下划线标出主题句，并写出段落大意：
When yu visit a freign cuntry, ne f the mst imprtant things t learn is hw t greet peple. In Japan, peple bw t each ther when they meet. The depth f the bw depends n hw frmal the situatin is. In Thailand, peple put their hands tgether and bw their heads slightly. This gesture is called "wai". In France, peple usually kiss each ther n the cheek r shake hands.
主题句：____________________________________________
段落大意：____________________________________________
【答案】
主题句：When yu visit a freign cuntry, ne f the mst imprtant things t learn is hw t greet peple.
段落大意：本段介绍了在不同国家（日本、泰国、法国）人们见面的问候方式不同。
【点拨】主题句位于段落第一句，概括了整段的核心话题。后面各句都是围绕主题句展开的具体说明。
第二部分 同步练习
★ 基础巩固
一、单项选择
1. It's imprtant ______ a small gift when yu visit smene in France.
A. bring B. t bring
C. bringing D. brught
2. Yu shuld always try t dress ______ the ccasin.
A. t B. at
C. n D. fr
3. Many French peple are quite ______ abut their persnal life.
A. public B. pen
C. private D. friendly
4. It's best nt t ask persnal questins ______ yu knw the persn well.
A. if B. because
C. when D. unless
5. Even a simple "merci" can ______ in French culture.
A. g a lng way B. make friends
C. hear frm D. arrive at
6. I was s ______ when I frgt my classmate's name at the party.
A. embarrassing B. embarrassed
C. excite D. excited
二、根据首字母或汉语提示完成单词
1. Yu shuldn't a______ early t a party. It's plite t be n time r a little late.
2. Everyne else brught g______ like chclates r flwers t the party.
3. Yu shuld always try t d______ fr the ______ when attending a party.
4. Fd and culture are s______ (安全的) cnversatin tpics in France.
5. Yu can d______ (发展) clser relatinships with peple if yu speak their language.
6. It's a gd c______ (风俗) t bring a small gift when visiting smene.
三、按要求改写句子
1. Yu shuldn't arrive early t a party. (用It's...句型改写)
It's ______ ______ arrive early t a party.
2. Bring a gift when yu visit smene. (用It's imprtant t...改写)
______ imprtant ______ ______ a gift when yu visit smene.
3. Dn't ask persnal questins if yu dn't knw the persn well. (用unless改写)
It's best nt t ask persnal questins ______ yu ______ the persn well.
★★ 能力提升
一、单项选择
1. — What shuld I d when I g t a dinner party? — Yu'd better ______ sme flwers r wine.
A. take B. taking
C. t take D. tk
2. The custms in different cuntries are quite ______. Yu shuld learn abut them befre traveling.
A. same B. similar
C. different D. cmmn
3. My hst family was very nice. They helped me ______ mre abut French custms.
A. learn B. learning
C. t learning D. learned
4. ______ yu dn't knw the culture well, it's imprtant t ask questins first.
A. Unless B. If
C. Althugh D. Because
5. He fund the rules very ______ at first, but later he gt used t them.
A. cnfused B. cnfusing
C. cnfuse D. t cnfuse
6. Nancy felt ______ when everyne at the party was dressed s well.
A. silly B. silently
C. silence D. sillily
7. In French culture, it is cnsidered ______ t arrive 30 minutes early fr a party.
A. plite B. implite
C. nrmally D. prperly
8. The experience was s ______ that she wuld never frget it.
A. embarrass B. embarrassed
C. embarrassing D. embarrassment
二、完形填空
阅读下面短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Last summer, I went t study in Japan as an exchange student. Befre I went there, my teacher tld me t learn abut the 1 in Japan.
When I 2 in Tky, I was surprised by hw different everything was. On the first day at my hst family's huse, I wanted t 3 them fr being s kind. But I didn't knw what t bring as a 4 . My teacher had tld me that in Japan, it's 5 t bring a small gift when yu visit smene's hme fr the first time.
I als learned abut table manners. In Japan, yu shuld never stick yur chpsticks 6 int yur rice bwl. It's cnsidered very implite. Als, it's 7 t slurp yur ndles — it shws that yu 8 the fd!
One thing I fund 9 at first was the way peple greeted each ther. They bwed instead f shaking hands. The depth f the bw depended n hw 10 the situatin was. At first, I felt a little cnfused because I didn't knw hw deeply t bw. But my hst family helped me learn the custms, and sn I felt much mre cmfrtable.
This experience taught me that learning abut ther cultures is very imprtant. It helps us 10 clser relatinships with peple frm different cuntries.
1. A. language B. custms C. weather D. fd
2. A. arrived B. left C. started D. waited
3. A. ask B. help C. thank D. invite
4. A. flwer B. gift C. bk D. card
5. A. unnecessary B. impssible C. implite D. imprtant
6. A. carefully B. ludly C. straight D. sftly
7. A. implite B. plite C. rude D. wrng
8. A. enjy B. ck C. waste D. buy
9. A. bred B. bring C. cnfused D. cnfusing
10. A. frmal B. casual C. funny D. simple
三、阅读理解
阅读下面短文，选择最佳答案。
When yu visit a new cuntry, knwing abut the lcal custms can help yu avid embarrassing situatins. Here are sme tips fr travelers.
In India, peple usually greet each ther by putting their hands tgether and bwing slightly. This is called "namaste". It's imprtant t remve yur shes befre entering smene's hme r a temple. Als, in India, many peple dn't eat beef because cws are cnsidered sacred.
In Brazil, peple are very friendly and ften kiss n the cheek when they greet each ther. Being a few minutes late t a party is nrmal there — it's actually cnsidered plite! Hwever, yu shuld always bring a small gift, like flwers r chclate.
In Suth Krea, age and status are very imprtant. When greeting smene lder than yu, yu shuld bw mre deeply. It's als imprtant t use bth hands when giving r receiving smething. Never stick yur chpsticks straight int a bwl f rice — this is cnsidered very implite.
N matter which cuntry yu visit, the mst imprtant thing is t be respectful. If yu're nt sure abut smething, it's always OK t ask!
1. What des "namaste" refer t?
A. A type f fd in India B. A way f greeting in India
C. A temple in India D. A gift fr visitrs
2. Why shuldn't yu eat beef in India?
A. Because it's t expensive B. Because cws are sacred there
C. Because peple dn't like it D. Because it's implite
3. What is cnsidered plite in Brazil?
A. Arriving n time B. Arriving early
C. Arriving a few minutes late D. Arriving very early
4. In Suth Krea, what shuld yu d when greeting smene lder?
A. Kiss n the cheek B. Shake hands firmly
C. Bw mre deeply D. Say "namaste"
5. What is the main idea f this passage?
A. Hw t travel cheaply B. Hw t ck in different cuntries
C. The imprtance f respecting lcal custms D. The histry f different cultures
四、选词填空
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每词限用一次。
arrive embarrassed custm cnversatin develp private gift dress
1. When yu g t a party, yu shuld bring a small ______ fr the hst.
2. It's a lcal ______ t drink tea with milk in England.
3. My sister felt ______ when she culdn't answer the teacher's questin.
4. Yu'd better ______ frmally fr a jb interview.
5. The train will ______ at the statin in ten minutes.
6. We can ______ a gd relatinship by being friendly and helpful.
7. Weather is a safe ______ tpic when yu meet new peple.
8. Many peple are ______ abut their incme and dn't like t talk abut it.
五、书面表达
假设你的朋友Tm即将来中国参加一个中式婚礼（wedding），请你根据以下提示，给他写一封80词左右的英文邮件，告诉他一些注意事项。
提示：
1. 到达时间：不要太早或太晚
2. 着装要求：穿得体、大方
3. 礼物建议：带红包或礼物
4. 餐桌礼仪：不要将筷子插在饭里
5. 话题建议：聊开心的话题，不问私人问题
Dear Tm,
I'm s glad t hear that yu're cming t China fr a Chinese wedding! Here are sme tips fr yu.
Lking frward t seeing yu!
Yurs,
Li Hua
★★★ 拓展延伸
一、推断题
根据Nancy邮件的内容，回答下列问题：
1. Why did Nancy's friend lk surprised when she arrived 10 minutes early?
____________________________________________
2. What can we infer abut the party Nancy attended — was it a frmal r infrmal event? Hw d yu knw?
____________________________________________
3. If Diana fllws all f Nancy's tips, what kind f impressin will she make n French peple?
____________________________________________
二、文章结构分析题
阅读Nancy的邮件，完成下列表格：
三、文化对比题
根据Nancy邮件中提到的法国礼仪和你所了解的中国礼仪，完成对比表格：
第三部分 参考答案
★ 基础巩固
一、单项选择
1. B 考查It's + adj. + t d sth.句型，动词用不定式形式。
2. D dress fr the ccasin为固定搭配，意为"根据场合着装"。
3. C 根据文意，法国人对自己的私生活很私密（private）。
4. D unless意为"除非"，引导条件状语从句。
5. A g a lng way意为"大有帮助；很有效"，符合语境。
6. B embarrassed描述人的感受，主语I是人，用-ed形式。
二、根据首字母或汉语提示完成单词
1. arrive 2. gifts 3. dress; ccasin 4. safe 5. develp 6. custm
三、按要求改写句子
1. It's implite t arrive early t a party.
2. It's imprtant t bring a gift when yu visit smene.
3. It's best nt t ask persnal questins unless yu knw the persn well.
★★ 能力提升
一、单项选择
1. A had better后接动词原形，意为"最好做某事"。
2. C 根据句意"不同国家的习俗很不同"，选different。
3. A help sb. (t) d sth.，t可省略，动词用原形。
4. B If引导条件状语从句，意为"如果你不太了解那种文化"。
5. B cnfusing描述事物特征（令人困惑的），修饰rules。
6. A silly意为"愚蠢的；荒唐的"，felt后接形容词。
7. B 早到30分钟在法国文化中是不礼貌的，选implite。
8. C embarrassing描述事物特征，was后接形容词作表语。
二、完形填空
1. B 根据下文内容，老师让他了解日本的"习俗（custms）"。
2. A arrive in Tky意为"到达东京"。
3. C 想"感谢（thank）"寄宿家庭的款待。
4. B 不知道该带什么"礼物（gift）"。
5. D 在日本，第一次拜访带礼物是"重要的（imprtant）"。
6. C 不能把筷子"直直地（straight）"插在饭碗里。
7. B 发出吸溜声在日本文化中是"有礼貌的（plite）"。
8. A 表示你"喜欢/享受（enjy）"食物。
9. D cnfusing描述事物特征，令人困惑的。
10. B 第10空考查develp clser relatinships，但注意clze中10题对应frmal选项。根据上下文"鞠躬深度取决于场合有多正式"，选A. frmal。最后一句"It helps us develp clser relatinships"是文章总结。
三、阅读理解
1. B 根据原文"peple usually greet each ther by putting their hands tgether and bwing slightly. This is called namaste"可知。
2. B 根据原文"cws are cnsidered sacred"可知牛在印度被视为神圣的。
3. C 根据原文"Being a few minutes late t a party is nrmal there — it's actually cnsidered plite"可知。
4. C 根据原文"When greeting smene lder than yu, yu shuld bw mre deeply"可知。
5. C 文章主旨是"了解并尊重当地文化习俗的重要性"，首尾段都有体现。
四、选词填空
1. gift 2. custm 3. embarrassed 4. dress 5. arrive 6. develp 7. cnversatin 8. private
五、书面表达（参考范文）
Dear Tm,
I'm s glad t hear that yu're cming t China fr a Chinese wedding! Here are sme tips fr yu.
First, yu shuldn't arrive t early r t late. It's best t arrive n time. Secnd, yu shuld dress nicely — wear smething clean and prper. A shirt and trusers wuld be fine. Third, it's imprtant t bring a red envelpe with sme mney r a nice gift fr the cuple.
At the dinner, remember nt t stick yur chpsticks straight int yur rice bwl. That's cnsidered implite in China. Als, it's best t talk abut happy tpics like the beautiful wedding. Dn't ask persnal questins like hw much mney the cuple makes.
Have a wnderful time in China!
Lking frward t seeing yu!
Yurs,
Li Hua
★★★ 拓展延伸
一、推断题
1. Because he was still getting everything ready fr the party. He didn't expect Nancy t arrive befre the party started.
2. It was a frmal event. We knw this because "everyne was dressed s well" and Nancy felt "silly" in her simple bluse and shrts. Als, everyne brught gifts.
3. She will make a gd impressin. French peple will think she is respectful and plite because she fllws their custms, brings gifts, dresses prperly, avids persnal questins, and tries t speak French.
二、文章结构分析题
开头：分享在法国的生活经验和派对礼仪建议
主体：5条建议；每条建议都有：主题句 + 个人经历/具体说明
结尾：法语（French）
写作手法：顺序词/过渡词（transitin wrds）
三、文化对比题（参考答案，答案不唯一）
到达时间：法国 — On time r a few minutes late / 中国 — On time r a little early
礼物：法国 — Chclates r flwers / 中国 — Red envelpe r fruits and sweets
着装：法国 — Dress nicely fr the ccasin / 中国 — Dress frmally, avid white r black at weddings
话题：法国 — Fd and culture; avid age, salary / 中国 — Happy tpics; avid asking abut salary r when t have children单词
读音
词性
释义
例句
arrive
/əˈraɪv/
v.
到达
Yu shuldn't arrive early t a party.
gift
/ɡɪft/
n.
礼物
Everyne else brught gifts like chclates r flwers.
dress
/dres/
v.
穿衣；打扮
Yu shuld always try t dress fr the ccasin.
ccasin
/əˈkeɪʒn/
n.
场合；重大活动
It's imprtant t dress nicely fr a frmal ccasin.
embarrassed
/imˈbærəst/
adj.
尴尬的
I was s embarrassed when I frgt her name.
private
/ˈpraɪvɪt/
adj.
私人的
Many French peple are quite private abut their lives.
cnversatin
/ˌkɒnvəˈseɪʃn/
n.
谈话
Fd and culture are safe cnversatin tpics.
relatinship
/riˈleɪʃnʃip/
n.
关系
Yu can develp clser relatinships by using French.
develp
/diˈveləp/
v.
发展；建立
Try t develp gd habits in yur daily life.
custm
/ˈkʌstəm/
n.
风俗；习俗
It's helpful t learn abut lcal custms befre traveling.
短语
释义
例句
arrive early/late
早到/迟到
It's nrmal t be n time r a few minutes late.
bring a gift
带礼物
It's imprtant t bring a gift when yu visit smene.
dress fr the ccasin
根据场合着装
Yu shuld always try t dress fr the ccasin.
ask persnal questins
问私人问题
It's best nt t ask persnal questins unless yu knw the persn well.
develp clser relatinships
建立更亲密的关系
Yu can develp clser relatinships with them if yu use French.
g a lng way
大有帮助；很有效
Even a simple "merci" ges a lng way!
hear frm sb.
收到某人来信
It's s great t hear frm yu.
make friends
交朋友
I'm starting t make sme friends in Paris.
句型结构
用法说明
例句
It's + adj. + t d sth.
用形式主语it引出建议
It's imprtant t bring a gift when yu visit smene.
Yu shuld (always) + d
表示"你应该（总是）……"
Yu shuld always try t dress fr the ccasin.
It's best (nt) t d sth.
表示"最好（不要）做某事"
It's best nt t ask persnal questins.
+ clause
除非……；如果不……
It's best nt t ask persnal questins unless yu knw the persn well.
✗ 错误
✓ 正确
说明
It's imprtant bringing a gift.
It's imprtant t bring a gift.
It's + adj. + t d sth.，动词用不定式
Yu shuld arriving n time.
Yu shuld arrive n time.
shuld后接动词原形，不加-ing
It's best nt asking persnal questins.
It's best nt t ask persnal questins.
It's best nt t d sth.，否定用nt t d
unless yu dn't knw the persn
unless yu knw the persn
unless本身含否定意义，从句不再用否定
段落/建议
主题句
段落大意
建议1
Yu shuldn't arrive early t a party.
不要早到派对
建议2
It's imprtant t bring a gift when yu visit smene.
拜访他人时应带礼物
建议3
Yu shuld always try t dress fr the ccasin.
应根据场合着装
建议4
It's best nt t ask persnal questins unless yu knw the persn well.
不要问私人问题
建议5
Make sure yu use French whenever yu can.
尽量使用法语交流
方面
建议内容
关键句型
Arrival time
Dn't arrive early; be n time r a few minutes late
Yu shuldn't arrive early t a party.
Gifts
Bring gifts like chclates r flwers
It's imprtant t bring a gift.
Hw t dress
Dress nicely fr the ccasin
Yu shuld always try t dress fr the ccasin.
Cnversatin tpics
Dn't ask persnal questins; talk abut fd and culture
It's best nt t ask persnal questins unless...
Getting alng
Use French whenever pssible; say "merci"
Make sure yu use French whenever yu can.
结构要素
内容
开头（Intrductin）
Nancy向Diana问好，说明写信目的：_______
主体（Bdy）
包含____条建议，每条建议都有：主题句 + _______
结尾（Cnclusin）
Nancy鼓励Diana使用_______，并期待她的到来
写作手法
使用了First/Secnd/Third等____词来组织内容
方面
法国（French custms）
中国（Chinese custms）
到达时间
_________________________________
_________________________________
礼物
_________________________________
_________________________________
着装
_________________________________
_________________________________
话题
_________________________________
_________________________________