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九年级上册(2024)Grammar in use课时训练
展开 这是一份九年级上册(2024)Grammar in use课时训练,共12页。试卷主要包含了学习目标,重点,难点,知识要点,典型例题,完形填空,写作训练,推断题等内容,欢迎下载使用。
知识点讲义
一、学习目标
1. 能理解并掌握前缀 en- 的构词规则及其含义,如 enlarge, enrich, encurage, endanger, enact, enfrce, enable, enjy 等。
2. 能在语境中正确使用 en- 前缀动词,完成句子和语篇填空。
3. 能掌握定语从句中关系代词 wh 和 whm 的用法区别,在语境中正确选择。
4. 能运用定语从句描述人物及其事迹,提升语言表达的准确性。
5. 能通过阅读和写作训练,了解林巧稚、孔子等文化人物的事迹与精神。
二、重点
1. 掌握前缀 en- 的构词规则:en- + 名词/形容词 → 动词,表示“使……成为/使……处于某种状态”。
2. 能正确使用 enlarge, enrich, encurage, endanger, enact, enfrce, enable, enjy 等 en- 前缀动词。
3. 掌握定语从句中 wh(作主语)和 whm(作宾语)的用法区别。
4. 能在语篇中正确运用 wh/whm 完成定语从句填空。
三、难点
1. 区分 wh 和 whm 在定语从句中的语法功能(主语 vs 宾语)。
2. 在语篇中根据上下文判断 en- 前缀动词的正确形式(时态、语态等)。
3. 理解介词 + whm 的结构(如 f whm, withut whm 等)。
字词与词汇
补充词汇
语法与句型
1. 前缀 en- 的构词规则
结构:en- + 名词/形容词 → 动词
含义:“使……成为 / 使……处于某种状态”
常见构词:
• en + large → enlarge(使变大 → 放大)
• en + rich → enrich(使富有 → 丰富)
• en + curage → encurage(给予勇气 → 鼓励)
• en + danger → endanger(使处于危险 → 危及)
• en + able → enable(使能够)
• en + jy → enjy(使高兴 → 享受)
• en + act → enact(使生效 → 制定法律)
• en + frce → enfrce(施加力量 → 执行)
2. 定语从句中 wh 和 whm 的用法
wh:指人,在定语从句中作主语。
例:Cnfucius was a great thinker wh had many wise ideas abut hw t behave well.
whm:指人,在定语从句中作宾语(包括介词宾语)。
例:Yuan Lngping is a great agriculture scientist f whm we are prud.
注意:whm 在口语中作直接宾语时可省略,但在介词后不可省略。
3. 易错句对比
学习支架——前缀 en- 构词与定语从句关系词选择
四、知识要点
1. enlarge /ɪnˈlɑːdʒ/ v. 放大;扩大
用法:en-(使)+ large(大的)→ 使变大
搭配:enlarge the wrds/pictures; enlarge ne's knwledge
例句:My grandfather needs a tl t help him enlarge the wrds in the newspaper.
2. enrich /ɪnˈrɪtʃ/ v. 丰富;充实
用法:en-(使)+ rich(丰富的)→ 使丰富
搭配:enrich ne's life/knwledge/mind; enrich the literature
例句:Dickens’ nvels have enriched English literature.
注意:enrich 后常接表示文化、知识、生活等的名词。
3. encurage /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/ v. 鼓励
用法:en-(给予)+ curage(勇气)→ 给予勇气 → 鼓励
搭配:encurage sb. t d sth.; encurage sb. in sth.
例句:Parents always encurage kids t jin in challenging activities.
拓展:encuragement (n.) 鼓励;curage (n.) 勇气
4. wh 与 whm 在定语从句中的区别
wh:在定语从句中作主语,不可省略。
例:Cnfucius was a great thinker wh had many wise ideas.(wh 作 had 的主语)
whm:在定语从句中作宾语,口语中可省略;但在介词后不可省略。
例:Yuan Lngping is a great scientist f whm we are prud.(whm 作 f 的宾语)
判断方法:看关系词在从句中的语法成分——作主语用 wh,作宾语用 whm。
5. enable /ɪnˈeɪbl/ v. 使能够
用法:en-(使)+ able(能够)→ 使能够
搭配:enable sb. t d sth.
例句:Her hard wrk at schl enabled her t realize her dream f becming a dctr.
注意:enable 后必须接 t d,不可接 ding。
五、典型例题
例题1:用所给词的正确形式填空
Dickens’ nvels have ________ English literature. (rich)
【答案】enriched
【解析】en- + rich → enrich,意为“丰富”。根据上下文用现在完成时 have enriched。
例题2:选择合适的关系词
Cnfucius was a great thinker ________ had many wise ideas abut hw t behave well.
A. wh B. whm C. which D. whse
【答案】A
【解析】先行词 thinker 指人,关系词在从句中作主语(had 的主语),故用 wh。whm 只能作宾语。
例题3:用 wh/whm 填空
Yuan Lngping is a great agriculture scientist f ________ we are prud.
【答案】whm
【解析】先行词 scientist 指人,关系词在从句中作介词 f 的宾语,故用 whm。介词后只能用 whm,不可用 wh。
同步练习
★ 基础巩固
一、单项选择(从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案)
1. The prefix en- can be added t a nun r an adjective t frm a verb. Which wrd means "使变大"?
A. encde B. enlarge C. enable D. enrich
2. Her hard wrk at schl ________ her t realize her dream f becming a dctr.
A. enlarged B. enabled C. encuraged D. enjyed
3. Cnfucius was a great thinker ________ had many wise ideas abut hw t behave well.
A. wh B. whm C. which D. whse
4. Yuan Lngping is a great agriculture scientist f ________ we are prud.
A. wh B. whm C. which D. that
5. Parents always ________ their children t jin in challenging activities.
A. enlarge B. enable C. encurage D. endanger
6. The her was ready t d everything fr the peple, even if his wn life was ________.
A. enriched B. enjyed C. endangered D. enabled
7. Lin Qiazhi was a dctr ________ studied wmen’s diseases.
A. wh B. whm C. which D. what
8. Dickens’ nvels have ________ English literature.
A. enlarged B. enacted C. enfrced D. enriched
二、首字母填空(根据句意和首字母提示完成句子)
1. We can e________ beautiful pictures n the internet.
2. The great leader made many laws and made sure the laws were e________.
3. Many writers have the pwer t e________ their ideas and thughts in their stries.
4. Cnfucius was a great thinker wh had many wise ideas abut hw t b________ well.
5. There are very few yung peple w________ are interested in making Laizhu Brush.
三、句子改写(按要求改写句子)
1. The man is my teacher. He teaches us English. (合并为含定语从句的句子,用 wh)
____________________________________________________________
2. The scientist is Yuan Lngping. We are prud f the scientist. (合并为含定语从句的句子,用 f whm)
____________________________________________________________
3. We need a tl t make the wrds bigger in the newspaper. (用 en- 前缀词改写)
____________________________________________________________
★★ 能力提升
四、单项选择
1. Lin Qiazhi was a dctr ________ always encuraged wmen t keep learning.
A. wh B. whm C. which D. whse
2. The prefix en- is added t "danger" t frm the verb ________, which means "t put in danger".
A. endanger B. dangered C. dangeren D. endangering
3. Laizhu Brush is a traditinal tl fr writing Chinese characters, and the masters ________ make the brush are true artists.
A. wh B. whm C. which D. whse
4. The great leader made many laws t prtect the pr and made sure the laws were ________.
A. enacted B. enfrced C. endangered D. enlarged
5. The masters f Laizhu Brush are the peple ________ we shuld thank.
A. wh B. whm C. which D. whse
五、阅读理解
阅读下面短文,然后回答问题。
Flrence Nightingale was a nurse wh changed the wrld f medicine. She was brn in 1820 in Italy t a wealthy British family. Frm a yung age, she wanted t becme a nurse, but her parents did nt encurage her t d s.
Nightingale was a wman wh never gave up. She went t Germany t study nursing and later wrked in Lndn. In 1854, during the Crimean War, she and 38 ther nurses went t help wunded sldiers. She wrked day and night t imprve the cnditins in the hspital. The sldiers called her "The Lady with the Lamp" because she wuld walk thrugh the halls at night t check n them.
Her wrk enabled the death rate in the hspital t drp significantly. She als enriched the field f nursing by writing bks and establishing the first prfessinal nursing schl. Her ideas abut hygiene and patient care are still used tday.
Nightingale’s curage and devtin have inspired millins f peple whm she never met. She shwed the wrld that nursing is a nble prfessin and that ne persn can truly make a difference.
1. When was Flrence Nightingale brn?
A. In 1810. B. In 1820. C. In 1854. D. In 1838.
2. Why did the sldiers call her "The Lady with the Lamp"?
A. She invented a new lamp. B. She walked thrugh the halls at night t check n them. C. She was afraid f the dark. D. She used a lamp t d surgery.
3. What des the wrd "enabled" in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. enlarged B. enriched C. made pssible D. encuraged
4. Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing is TRUE?
A. Nightingale’s parents encuraged her t becme a nurse. B. Nightingale went t Italy t study nursing. C. Nightingale established the first prfessinal nursing schl. D. Nightingale’s ideas are n lnger used tday.
5. What is the main idea f the passage?
A. Nightingale was brn int a wealthy family. B. Nightingale changed nursing and inspired the wrld. C. The Crimean War was a terrible war. D. Nursing is a difficult jb.
六、完形填空
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。
Lin Qiazhi was a dctr ___1___ devted her life t wmen’s health. She was brn in Xiamen in 1901. Her hard wrk at schl ___2___ her t realize her dream f becming a dctr. She ___3___ being a dctr and nce said, “I can’t d withut patients.”
She was very psitive and always ___4___ wmen t keep learning. Her wrk has greatly ___5___ the field f wmen’s health care in China. She was a dctr ___6___ patients lved deeply. The wmen ___7___ she helped always remembered her kindness.
Tday, there are still many dctrs ___8___ fllw her example. They wrk hard t ___9___ the lives f their patients. Lin Qiazhi was a great wman f ___10___ all Chinese peple are prud.
1. A. wh B. whm C. which D. whse
2. A. enlarged B. enabled C. encuraged D. enjyed
3. A. enabled B. enriched C. enjyed D. endangered
4. A. enlarged B. enabled C. encuraged D. enfrced
5. A. enlarged B. enriched C. endangered D. enacted
6. A. wh B. whm C. which D. whse
7. A. wh B. whm C. which D. what
8. A. wh B. whm C. which D. whse
9. A. enlarge B. enrich C. endanger D. enact
10. A. wh B. whm C. which D. whse
七、写作训练
请根据提示,写一篇约80词的短文,介绍一位你所敬佩的伟大人物。
提示:Wh is the persn? What did he/she d? Use at least tw en- prefix wrds and ne attributive clause with wh/whm.
【参考范文】
I admire Lin Qiazhi. She was a great dctr wh devted her life t wmen’s health. Her hard wrk enabled her t realize her dream f becming a dctr. She enjyed being a dctr and always encuraged wmen t keep learning. She enriched the field f wmen’s health care in China. I admire her because she was brave, psitive, and devted. She shwed us that a truly great persn is ne wh serves thers with all her heart.
★★★ 拓展延伸
八、推断题
1. 根据上文阅读理解的内容,推断下列哪句话最能描述 Flrence Nightingale 的品格?
A. She was lazy and didn’t like wrking. B. She was determined and caring. C. She nly cared abut mney. D. She was afraid f challenges.
2. 根据完形填空的内容,推断 Lin Qiazhi 说的 "I can’t d withut patients" 说明了什么?
A. 她没有其他技能。 B. 她深深地投入于自己的工作和病人。 C. 她需要从病人那里获得收入。 D. 她被医院强迫工作。
九、文章结构分析
请分析上文阅读理解短文(Flrence Nightingale)的结构,填写下表:
这篇文章的写作顺序是:时间顺序
【解析】文章从出生、早年、战争期间、到后来的贡献和遗产,按时间顺序展开。
参考答案
答案汇总表
详细解析
基础巩固
一、单项选择
第1题:B。【解析】en- + large → enlarge,意为“放大、使变大”,符合题意“使变大”。encde(编码)、enable(使能够)、enrich(丰富)均不符合。
第2题:B。【解析】enable sb. t d sth. 是固定搭配,意为“使某人能够做某事”。enlarge(放大)、encurage(鼓励)、enjy(享受)不符合语境。
第3题:A。【解析】先行词 thinker 指人,关系词在从句中作主语(had 的主语),故用 wh。whm 只能作宾语。
第4题:B。【解析】先行词 scientist 指人,关系词在从句中作介词 f 的宾语,故用 whm。介词后只能用 whm。
第5题:C。【解析】encurage sb. t d sth. 意为“鼓励某人做某事”,符合语境“父母总是鼓励孩子参加有挑战性的活动”。
第6题:C。【解析】endanger 意为“危及”,en- + danger → endanger。语境为“即使自己的生命受到威胁”。
第7题:A。【解析】先行词 dctr 指人,关系词在从句中作主语(studied 的主语),故用 wh。
第8题:D。【解析】enrich 意为“丰富”,en- + rich → enrich。语境为“狄更斯的小说丰富了英国文学”。
二、首字母填空
第1题:enjy。【解析】enjy 意为“享受、欣赏”,en- + jy → enjy。语境为“我们可以在互联网上欣赏美丽的图片”。
第2题:enfrced。【解析】enfrce 意为“执行”,en- + frce → enfrce。被动语态 were enfrced,语境为“确保法律被执行”。
第3题:enact。【解析】enact 意为“制定、体现”,en- + act → enact。语境为“作家有能力将思想体现在故事中”。
第4题:behave。【解析】behave 意为“表现、行为”。hw t behave well 意为“如何表现良好”。
第5题:wh。【解析】先行词 yung peple 指人,关系词在从句中作主语(are interested 的主语),故用 wh。
三、句子改写
第1题:The man wh teaches us English is my teacher.【解析】用 wh 引导定语从句修饰 the man,wh 在从句中作 teaches 的主语。
第2题:The scientist f whm we are prud is Yuan Lngping.【解析】用 f whm 引导定语从句,whm 作介词 f 的宾语。be prud f 意为“为……自豪”。
第3题:We need a tl t help enlarge the wrds in the newspaper.【解析】用 en- 前缀词 enlarge 替换 make bigger,使表达更简洁。
能力提升
四、单项选择
第1题:A。【解析】先行词 dctr 指人,关系词在从句中作主语(encuraged 的主语),故用 wh。
第2题:A。【解析】en- + danger → endanger,意为“危及、使处于危险”,符合题意。
第3题:A。【解析】先行词 masters 指人,关系词在从句中作主语(make 的主语),故用 wh。
第4题:B。【解析】enfrce 意为“执行”,被动语态 were enfrced。语境为“确保法律被执行”。enact(制定)、endanger(危及)、enlarge(放大)均不符合。
第5题:B。【解析】先行词 peple 指人,关系词在从句中作宾语(shuld thank 的宾语),故用 whm。
五、阅读理解
第1题:B。【解析】原文第一段明确写到 She was brn in 1820 in Italy。
第2题:B。【解析】原文第二段 she wuld walk thrugh the halls at night t check n them,因此被称为 The Lady with the Lamp。
第3题:C。【解析】enabled 意为“使能够”,即 made pssible。en- + able → enable。
第4题:C。【解析】原文第三段 establishing the first prfessinal nursing schl,C 正确。A 错(父母不鼓励),B 错(去德国学护理),D 错(她的理念至今仍在使用)。
第5题:B。【解析】文章主旨是 Nightingale 改变了护理事业并激励了世界。A、C 是细节,D 太宽泛。
六、完形填空
第1题:A。【解析】先行词 dctr 指人,关系词作 devted 的主语,用 wh。
第2题:B。【解析】enable sb. t d sth. 意为“使某人能够做某事”,固定搭配。
第3题:C。【解析】enjy being a dctr 意为“享受做医生”,en- + jy → enjy。
第4题:C。【解析】encurage sb. t d sth. 意为“鼓励某人做某事”,与原文一致。
第5题:B。【解析】enrich the field 意为“丰富该领域”,en- + rich → enrich。
第6题:B。【解析】先行词 dctr 指人,关系词作 lved 的宾语(病人爱戴这位医生),用 whm。
第7题:B。【解析】先行词 wmen 指人,关系词作 helped 的宾语(她帮助这些女性),用 whm。
第8题:A。【解析】先行词 dctrs 指人,关系词作 fllw 的主语,用 wh。
第9题:B。【解析】enrich the lives 意为“丰富……的生活”,en- + rich → enrich。
第10题:B。【解析】f whm 引导定语从句,whm 作介词 f 的宾语。be prud f 意为“为……自豪”。
拓展延伸
八、推断题
第1题:B。【解析】Nightingale 不顾父母反对坚持学护理,战争中日夜照顾伤兵,体现了 determined(坚定的)和 caring(有爱心的)。
第2题:B。【解析】I can’t d withut patients 说明她深深地投入于自己的工作,离不开病人,体现了对工作的热爱和奉献精神。
九、文章结构分析
Paragraph 1:Nightingale 的出生背景和早年想成为护士的愿望。
Paragraph 2:她在克里米亚战争期间的工作经历和 The Lady with the Lamp 的由来。
Paragraph 3:她对护理事业的贡献——降低死亡率、著书、创办护理学校。
Paragraph 4:她的精神遗产和对后世的激励。
写作顺序:时间顺序。文章从出生、早年、战争期间、到后来的贡献和遗产,按时间顺序展开。单词
读音
词性
释义
例句
enlarge
/ɪnˈlɑːdʒ/
v.
放大;扩大
My grandfather needs a tl t help him enlarge the wrds in the newspaper.
enjy
/ɪnˈdʒɔɪ/
v.
享受;欣赏
We can enjy beautiful pictures n the internet.
encurage
/ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/
v.
鼓励
Parents always encurage kids t jin in challenging activities.
enrich
/ɪnˈrɪtʃ/
v.
丰富;充实
Dickens’ nvels have enriched English literature.
endanger
/ɪnˈdeɪndʒər/
v.
危及;危害
The her was ready t d everything, even if his wn life was endangered.
enable
/ɪnˈeɪbl/
v.
使能够
Her hard wrk at schl enabled her t realize her dream.
thinker
/ˈθɪŋkər/
n.
思想家
Cnfucius was a great thinker wh had many wise ideas.
behave
/bɪˈheɪv/
v.
表现;行为
He had many wise ideas abut hw t behave well.
单词
读音
词性
释义
例句
enact
/ɪnˈækt/
v.
制定(法律);表演
Many writers have the pwer t enact their ideas in their stries.
enfrce
/ɪnˈfɔːrs/
v.
执行;强制执行
The great leader made sure the laws were enfrced.
curage
/ˈkʌrɪdʒ/
n.
勇气
She always encuraged wmen t keep learning with curage.
literature
/ˈlɪtrətʃər/
n.
文学
Dickens’ nvels have enriched English literature.
relative clause
/ˈrelətɪv klɔːz/
n.
定语从句
An attributive clause is als called a relative clause.
agriculture
/ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃər/
n.
农业
Yuan Lngping is a great agriculture scientist.
✗ 错误表达
✓ 正确表达
The bk wh I bught is interesting.
The bk which/that I bught is interesting.
She is the teacher whm teaches us English.
She is the teacher wh teaches us English.
Lin Qiazhi is a dctr f wh we are prud.
Lin Qiazhi is a dctr f whm we are prud.
The law was enfrce strictly.
The law was enfrced strictly.
语法项
规则
关键词 / 例句
前缀 en-
en- + 名词/形容词 → 动词
enlarge, enrich, encurage, endanger, enable, enjy, enact, enfrce
wh
指人,作主语
He is a thinker wh had many wise ideas.
whm
指人,作宾语/介词宾语
He is a scientist f whm we are prud.
段落
主要内容
Paragraph 1
Nightingale 的出生背景和早年想成为护士的愿望
Paragraph 2
她在克里米亚战争期间的工作经历和 The Lady with the Lamp 的由来
Paragraph 3
她对护理事业的贡献——降低死亡率、著书、创办护理学校
Paragraph 4
她的精神遗产和对后世的激励
题号
答案
基础巩固 一、1-8
1. B 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. A 8. D
基础巩固 二、1-5
1. enjy 2. enfrced 3. enact 4. behave 5. wh
基础巩固 三、1-3
见详细解析
能力提升 四、1-5
1. A 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. B
能力提升 五、1-5
1. B 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. B
能力提升 六、1-10
1. A 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. B 6. B 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. B
拓展延伸 八、1-2
1. B 2. B
拓展延伸 九
见详细解析
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