九年级上册（2024）Theme Reading第4课时练习题

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一、学习目标
1. 能够通过阅读获取中国古代四大发明的主要信息（名称、朝代、发明者、用途及影响）
2. 能够运用回读策略和完成图表策略理解说明文的结构
3. 掌握并运用核心词汇：cmpass, gunpwder, printing, bamb, silk, magnetic, needle, sailing, blck printing, mvable type, material
4. 能够运用被动语态描述发明过程，并分析作者对中国古代科技的观点态度
二、重点
• 说明文阅读策略：通过完成图表梳理信息
• 被动语态在描述发明过程中的运用（was invented by, was made frm, was used in）
• 核心词汇的语境理解和运用
三、难点
• 用被动语态准确描述四大发明的发明过程和历史影响
• 从文本中提取信息并完成图表，以及推断作者的观点态度
字词与词汇
语法与句型
规则：本课时重点复习被动语态在描述发明过程中的运用。四大发明的描述大量使用了被动语态。
结构：
• be + invented + by...: 被……发明
• be + made + frm/f...: 由……制成
• be + used + in/fr...: 被用于……
• be + brught + t...: 被传到……
例句：
• Paper-making technlgy was imprved by Cai Lun during the Eastern Han Dynasty.
• The cmpass was made by putting a magnetic needle n a wden disk.
• Gunpwder was used in firewrks at first, and later in wars.
• The technlgy f making gunpwder was brught t the Arabic wrld and Eurpe.
• The fur great inventins were gifts frm China t the wrld.
学习支架
Fur Great Inventins — Infrmatin Chart
四、知识要点
1. 说明文阅读策略——完成图表
本文是一篇说明文，介绍中国古代四大发明。阅读策略：
• 首段（总述）：引出四大发明——paper-making, cmpass, gunpwder, printing
• 中间段落（分述）：每段介绍一项发明的朝代、方法、用途
• 末段（总结）：四大发明对世界的意义
• 完成图表时，需要回到原文定位关键信息（扫读 + 回读）
2. 四大发明概述
(1) 造纸术（Paper-making）：东汉时期，蔡伦改进了造纸技术，使用渔网、绳子等更便宜的材料，使书籍制作更容易。
(2) 指南针（Cmpass）：北宋时期发明，将磁针放在木盘（lupan）上制成。在此之前，水手依靠星星辨别方向。
(3) 火药（Gunpwder）：中国古代偶然发明。最初用于烟花，唐末开始用于战争。13世纪传到阿拉伯和欧洲。
(4) 印刷术（Printing）：中国人最初使用雕版印刷（blck printing），浪费木板。北宋毕昇发明活字印刷（mvable type printing），用特殊泥土制成字模，可以重复使用。
3. 被动语态在描述发明中的运用
描述发明时常用被动语态，因为重点是"事物被怎样处理"而非"谁做了这件事"：
• was imprved by Cai Lun: 被蔡伦改进
• was made by putting a magnetic needle: 被通过将磁针放置……制成
• was used in firewrks/wars: 被用于烟花/战争
• was brught t the Arabic wrld: 被传到阿拉伯世界
• culd be reused later: 可以后来被重复使用
4. 核心词汇与短语
1. hld a leading psitin: 处于领先地位
2. depend n: 依靠；依赖
3. by accident: 偶然地（= by chance）
4. at first: 起初；最初
5. as a result: 结果；因此
6. spread knwledge: 传播知识
7. speed up: 加速
五、典型例题
【例1】
Hw was the cmpass made? What did sailrs use befre the cmpass was invented?
【例2】
What is the authr's viewpint abut the fur great inventins? What clues in the text supprt this viewpint?
同 步 练 习
Fur Great Inventins — Authr's Viewpint Organizer
★ 基础巩固
1. During the ________ Dynasty, paper-making technlgy was imprved by Cai Lun.
A. Tang B. Eastern Han C. Nrthern Sng D. Ming
2. Befre paper was invented, peple wrte n heavy ________ and expensive silk.
A. wds B. papers C. bambs D. stnes
3. The cmpass was made by putting a ________ needle n a wden disk.
A. gld B. magnetic C. silver D. irn
4. Gunpwder was invented ________.
A. n purpse B. by plan C. by accident D. by design
5. Bi Sheng develped ________ during the Nrthern Sng Dynasty.
A. paper-making B. cmpass C. gunpwder D. mvable type printing
6. Befre the cmpass, sailrs had t d________ n stars t find the right directin.
7. The technlgy f making gunpwder was b________ t the Arabic wrld and Eurpe in the 13th century.
8. The fur great inventins were g________ frm China t the wrld.
★★ 能力提升
9. Cai Lun made paper frm cheaper materials ________.
A. such as wd and stne B. such as fishing nets and rpes
C. such as silk and bamb D. such as gld and silver
10. The underlined wrd "mvable" in the text means ________.
A. that cannt mve B. that can be mved C. that is very heavy D. that is very ld
11. What was the advantage f mvable type printing ver blck printing?
A. It used mre wden bards.
B. It wasted mre materials.
C. The characters culd be reused t print ther bks.
D. It was invented earlier than blck printing.
12. Read the fllwing passage and answer the questins.
Fr a very lng time, Chinese science and technlgy held a leading psitin in the wrld. A gd example is the fur great inventins f ancient China: paper-making, cmpass, gunpwder and printing.
Befre paper was invented, peple wrte n heavy bambs and expensive silk. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, paper-making technlgy was imprved by Cai Lun. He made the paper frm cheaper materials, such as fishing nets and rpes. As a result, it became easier t make bks.
Befre the cmpass was used fr sailing, sailrs arund the wrld had t depend n stars t find the right directin. In the Nrthern Sng Dynasty, the cmpass was then invented. It was made by putting a magnetic needle n "lupan", a wden disk.
In ancient China, gunpwder was invented by accident. At first, it was used in firewrks. At the end f the Tang Dynasty, peple began t use it in wars. The technlgy f making gunpwder was brught t the Arabic wrld and Eurpe in the 13th century.
Chinese peple used blck printing t prduce bks at first. This technlgy wasted many wden bards. During the Nrthern Sng Dynasty, Bi Sheng develped mvable type printing. He made characters n special sil pieces s that they culd be reused later t print ther bks. The inventin helped spread knwledge arund the wrld.
The fur great inventins were gifts frm China t the wrld. Tgether they speeded up the develpment f human sciety.
(1) What materials did Cai Lun use t make paper?
(2) Hw was the cmpass made?
(3) What was gunpwder first used fr?
(4) Why was mvable type printing better than blck printing?
13. Paper was made frm cheaper m________, such as fishing nets and rpes.
14. Rewrite using passive vice: Bi Sheng develped mvable type printing during the Nrthern Sng Dynasty.
15. Read the passage and chse the best answer fr each blank.
China has a lng histry f science and technlgy. The fur great ________(1)________ f ancient China are paper-making, cmpass, gunpwder and printing. They ________(2)________ a leading psitin in the wrld fr a lng time.
Befre paper was invented, peple wrte n heavy bambs. Paper-making ________(3)________ imprved by Cai Lun. He used ________(4)________ materials like fishing nets and rpes. The cmpass was made ________(5)________ a magnetic needle n a wden disk. Befre it was used fr ________(6)________, sailrs depended n stars.
Gunpwder was invented by ________(7)________. At first, it was used in ________(8)________. Later it was used in wars and was brught t Eurpe. Bi Sheng ________(9)________ mvable type printing. Characters n special sil pieces culd be ________(10)________ later.
(1) A. discveries B. inventins C. materials D. tls
(2) A. held B. lst C. gave D. fund
(3) A. is B. was C. were D. has
(4) A. expensive B. heavy C. cheaper D. special
(5) A. by putting B. by making C. by using D. by giving
(6) A. fishing B. sailing C. farming D. trading
(7) A. plan B. design C. accident D. need
(8) A. wars B. firewrks C. farming D. sailing
(9) A. invented B. discvered C. fund D. used
(10) A. thrwn B. reused C. brken D. sld
16. Read the passage and chse the best answer.
Tday, many peple use smartphnes every day. But few peple knw hw these devices came t be. The smartphne cmbined the functins f a telephne, a camera, and a cmputer int ne small device. The first smartphne was invented in 1992 by IBM. It was called "Simn" and was used mainly fr making calls and sending emails.
Over the years, smartphnes were imprved by many cmpanies. In 2007, Apple intrduced the iPhne, which changed the way peple used smartphnes. After that, smartphnes were used fr mre and mre things — shpping, studying, watching vides, and even paying fr things.
The authr believes that the smartphne is ne f the mst imprtant inventins in mdern histry. It has cnnected peple arund the wrld and made infrmatin available t everyne.
(1) When was the first smartphne invented?
A. 1992 B. 2007 C. 2010 D. 1982
(2) What cmpany intrduced the iPhne?
A. IBM B. Samsung C. Apple D. Ggle
(3) What is the authr's viewpint abut smartphnes?
A. Smartphnes are t expensive.
B. Smartphnes are ne f the mst imprtant mdern inventins.
C. Smartphnes shuld nt be used fr shpping.
D. IBM made the best smartphnes.
17. Write a shrt passage (abut 80 wrds) abut ne f the fur great inventins f ancient China. Include:
- When was it invented? - Wh invented/imprved it? - Hw was it made/used? - What was its impact?
Use: passive vice (was invented by, was made frm, was used fr), at first, as a result
★★★ 拓展延伸
18. The text says "The fur great inventins were gifts frm China t the wrld." Why des the authr call them "gifts"? What des this tell us abut the authr's attitude twards ancient Chinese science and technlgy?
19. If yu culd add a "fifth great inventin" frm mdern China, what wuld it be? Explain yur chice in 3-4 sentences.单词
读音
词性
释义
例句
cmpass
/ˈkʌmpəs/
n.
指南针
The cmpass was invented in the Nrthern Sng Dynasty.
gunpwder
/ˈɡʌnpaʊdə(r)/
n.
火药
Gunpwder was invented by accident in ancient China.
printing
/ˈprɪntɪŋ/
n.
印刷术
Bi Sheng develped mvable type printing.
bamb
/bæmˈbuː/
n.
竹子
Befre paper was invented, peple wrte n heavy bambs.
silk
/sɪlk/
n.
丝绸
Peple als wrte n expensive silk befre paper.
magnetic
/mæɡˈnetɪk/
adj.
磁的；有磁性的
The cmpass was made by putting a magnetic needle n a wden disk.
needle
/ˈniːdl/
n.
针
A magnetic needle was used in the cmpass.
sailing
/ˈseɪlɪŋ/
n.
航海；航行
Befre the cmpass, sailrs had t depend n stars fr sailing.
material
/məˈtɪəriəl/
n.
材料
Many different materials were used t make paper.
mvable type
/ˈmuːvəbl taɪp/
n.
活字印刷
Bi Sheng develped mvable type printing in the Nrthern Sng Dynasty.
错误
正确
Paper-making was imprved Cai Lun.
Paper-making technlgy was imprved by Cai Lun.
Gunpwder was used firewrks at first.
Gunpwder was used in firewrks at first.
Cmpass was invented Nrthern Sng Dynasty.
The cmpass was invented in the Nrthern Sng Dynasty.
Inventin
Dynasty
Inventr/Key Persn
Materials/Methd
Impact
Paper-making
Cmpass
Gunpwder
Printing
Text Clues
Authr's Viewpint